1
|
Fan J, Du X, Chen M, Xu Y, Xu J, Lu L, Zhou S, Kong X, Xu K, Zhang H. Critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 in spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112521. [PMID: 38917519 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurotraumatic condition characterized by severe motor dysfunction and paralysis. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage is involved in SCI pathology. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Although checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-regulated DNA damage is involved in critical cellular processes, its role in SCI regulation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of Chk1 in SCI-induced motor dysfunction. Adult female C57BL/6J mice subjected to T9-T10 spinal cord contusions were used as models of SCI. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, histomorphology, and Chk1 knockdown or overexpression achieved by adeno-associated virus were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Levels of p-Chk1 and γ-H2AX (a cellular DNA damage marker) were upregulated, while ferroptosis-related protein levels, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and x-CT were downregulated, in the spinal cord and hippocampal tissues of SCI mice. Functional experiments revealed increased Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores, indicating that Chk1 downregulation promoted motor function recovery after SCI, whereas Chk1 overexpression aggravated SCI-induced motor dysfunction. In addition, Chk1 downregulation reversed the SCI-increased levels of GPX4 and x-CT expression in the spinal cord and hippocampus, while immunoprecipitation assays revealed strengthened interactions between p-Chk1 and GPX4 in the spinal cord after SCI. Finally, Chk1 downregulation promoted while Chk1 overexpression inhibited NeuN cellular immunoactivity in the spinal cord after SCI, respectively. Collectively, these preliminary results imply that Chk1 is a novel regulator of SCI-induced motor dysfunction, and that interventions targeting Chk1 may represent promising therapeutic targets for neurotraumatic diseases such as SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junming Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Cixi People's Hospital, Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leilei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Cixi People's Hospital, Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Cixi People's Hospital, Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315302, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polyzos AA, Cheong A, Yoo JH, Blagec L, Toprani SM, Nagel ZD, McMurray CT. Base excision repair and double strand break repair cooperate to modulate the formation of unrepaired double strand breaks in mouse brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7726. [PMID: 39231940 PMCID: PMC11375129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We lack the fundamental information needed to understand how DNA damage in the brain is generated and how it is controlled over a lifetime in the absence of replication check points. To address these questions, here, we integrate cell-type and region-specific features of DNA repair activity in the normal brain. The brain has the same repair proteins as other tissues, but normal, canonical repair activity is unequal and is characterized by high base excision repair (BER) and low double strand break repair (DSBR). The natural imbalance creates conditions where single strand breaks (SSBs) can convert to double strand breaks (DSBs) and reversibly switch between states in response to oxidation both in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that, in a normal background of repair, SSBs and DSBs are in an equilibrium which is pushed or pulled by metabolic state. Interconversion of SSB to DSBs provides a physiological check point, which would allow the formation of unrepaired DSBs for productive functions, but would also restrict them from exceeding tolerable limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aris A Polyzos
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Ana Cheong
- Department of Environmental Health, John B Little Centre for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Yoo
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lana Blagec
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sneh M Toprani
- Department of Environmental Health, John B Little Centre for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, John B Little Centre for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujita H, Wakiya T, Tatara Y, Ishido K, Sakamoto Y, Kimura N, Morohashi H, Miura T, Muroya T, Akasaka H, Yokoyama H, Kanda T, Kubota S, Ichisawa A, Ogasawara K, Kuwata D, Takahashi Y, Nakamura A, Yamazaki K, Yamada T, Matsuyama R, Kanou M, Yamana K, Itoh K, Hakamada K. Novel insight into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and related metabolites in cancer patients undergoing surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16557. [PMID: 39019993 PMCID: PMC11254928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) plays a pivotal role in numerous cellular functions. Reduced NAD + levels are postulated to be associated with cancer. As interest in understanding NAD + dynamics in cancer patients with therapeutic applications in mind grows, there remains a shortage of comprehensive data. This study delves into NAD + dynamics in patients undergoing surgery for different digestive system cancers. This prospective study enrolled 99 patients with eight different cancers. Fasting blood samples were obtained during the perioperative period. The concentrations of NAD + , nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nicotinamide riboside were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. After erythrocyte volume adjustment, NAD + remained relatively stable after surgery. Meanwhile, NMN decreased the day after surgery and displayed a recovery trend. Interestingly, liver and pancreatic cancer patients exhibited poor postoperative NMN recovery, suggesting a potential cancer type-specific influence on NAD + metabolism. This study illuminated the behavior of NAD + in surgically treated cancer patients. We identified which cancer types have particularly low levels and at what point depletion occurs during the perioperative period. These insights suggest the need for personalized NAD + supplementation strategies, calibrated to individual patient needs and treatment timelines. Clinical trial registration jRCT1020210066.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Taiichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hajime Morohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muroya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Harue Akasaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Taishu Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Aika Ichisawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenta Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuwata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuyama
- Nutraceutical Group, New Business Development Unit, Teijin Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
- Discovery DMPK Research Group, Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kanou
- Nutraceutical Group, New Business Development Unit, Teijin Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
- NOMON Co. Ltd., Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamana
- Nutraceutical Group, New Business Development Unit, Teijin Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
- NOMON Co. Ltd., Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-Cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roberts A, Swerdlow RH, Wang N. Adaptive and Maladaptive DNA Breaks in Neuronal Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7774. [PMID: 39063016 PMCID: PMC11277458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA strand breaks excessively accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). While traditionally considered random, deleterious events, neuron activity itself induces DNA breaks, and these "adaptive" breaks help mediate synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Recent studies mapping the brain DNA break landscape reveal that despite a net increase in DNA breaks in ectopic genomic hotspots, adaptive DNA breaks around synaptic genes are lost in AD brains, and this is associated with transcriptomic dysregulation. Additionally, relationships exist between mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of AD, and DNA damage, such that mitochondrial dysfunction may perturb adaptive DNA break formation, while DNA breaks may conversely impair mitochondrial function. A failure of DNA break physiology could, therefore, potentially contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anysja Roberts
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA (R.H.S.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA (R.H.S.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, KS, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA (R.H.S.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chmykhalo VK, Deev RV, Tokarev AT, Polunina YA, Xue L, Shidlovskii YV. SWI/SNF Complex Connects Signaling and Epigenetic State in Cells of Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04355-6. [PMID: 39002058 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
SWI/SNF protein complexes are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic regulators described in all eukaryotes. In metameric animals, the complexes are involved in all processes occurring in the nervous system, from neurogenesis to higher brain functions. On the one hand, the range of roles is wide because the SWI/SNF complexes act universally by mobilizing the nucleosomes in a chromatin template at multiple loci throughout the genome. On the other hand, the complexes mediate the action of multiple signaling pathways that control most aspects of neural tissue development and function. The issues are discussed to provide insight into the molecular basis of the multifaceted role of SWI/SNFs in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, activation of immediate-early genes, neurogenesis, and brain and connectome formation. An overview is additionally provided for the molecular basis of nervous system pathologies associated with the SWI/SNF complexes and their contribution to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss the idea that SWI/SNFs act as an integration platform to connect multiple signaling and genetic programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Chmykhalo
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Roman V Deev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Artemiy T Tokarev
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Yulia A Polunina
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Lei Xue
- School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulii V Shidlovskii
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation in Development, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova St, Moscow, 119334, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hedlich-Dwyer J, Allard JS, Mulgrave VE, Kisby GE, Raber J, Gassman NR. Novel Techniques for Mapping DNA Damage and Repair in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7021. [PMID: 39000135 PMCID: PMC11241736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in the brain is influenced by endogenous processes and metabolism along with exogenous exposures. Accumulation of DNA damage in the brain can contribute to various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional methods for assessing DNA damage in the brain, such as immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, have provided valuable insights but are limited by their inability to map specific DNA adducts and regional distributions within the brain or genome. Recent advancements in DNA damage detection methods offer new opportunities to address these limitations and further our understanding of DNA damage and repair in the brain. Here, we review emerging techniques offering more precise and sensitive ways to detect and quantify DNA lesions in the brain or neural cells. We highlight the advancements and applications of these techniques and discuss their potential for determining the role of DNA damage in neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Hedlich-Dwyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joanne S Allard
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Veronica E Mulgrave
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Glen E Kisby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farrell K, Auerbach A, Musaus M, Navabpour S, Liu C, Lin Y, Xie H, Jarome TJ. Phosphorylation of RPT6 Controls Its Ability to Bind DNA and Regulate Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Male Rats during Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1453232023. [PMID: 38124005 PMCID: PMC10860611 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1453-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory formation requires coordinated control of gene expression, protein synthesis, and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated protein degradation. The catalytic component of the UPS, the 26S proteasome, contains a 20S catalytic core surrounded by two 19S regulatory caps, and phosphorylation of the 19S cap regulatory subunit RPT6 at serine 120 (pRPT6-S120) has been widely implicated in controlling activity-dependent increases in proteasome activity. Recently, RPT6 was also shown to act outside the proteasome where it has a transcription factor-like role in the hippocampus during memory formation. However, little is known about the proteasome-independent function of "free" RPT6 in the brain or during memory formation and whether phosphorylation of S120 is required for this transcriptional control function. Here, we used RNA-sequencing along with novel genetic approaches and biochemical, molecular, and behavioral assays to test the hypothesis that pRPT6-S120 functions independently of the proteasome to bind DNA and regulate gene expression during memory formation. RNA-sequencing following siRNA-mediated knockdown of free RPT6 revealed 46 gene targets in the dorsal hippocampus of male rats following fear conditioning, where RPT6 was involved in transcriptional activation and repression. Through CRISPR-dCas9-mediated artificial placement of RPT6 at a target gene, we found that RPT6 DNA binding alone may be important for altering gene expression following learning. Further, CRISPR-dCas13-mediated conversion of S120 to glycine on RPT6 revealed that phosphorylation at S120 is necessary for RPT6 to bind DNA and properly regulate transcription during memory formation. Together, we reveal a novel function for phosphorylation of RPT6 in controlling gene transcription during memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Farrell
- Departments of School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Aubrey Auerbach
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Catherine Liu
- Departments of School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Hehuang Xie
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- Fralin Life Science Institute at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- Departments of School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shentu Y, Chen M, Wang H, Du X, Zhang W, Xie G, Zhou S, Ding L, Zhu Y, Zhu M, Zhang N, Du C, Ma J, Chen R, Yang J, Fan X, Gong Y, Zhang H, Fan J. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety-like behavior by inhibiting checkpoint kinase 1 activation in the hippocampus of mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114586. [PMID: 37898396 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter, exhibits the anxiolytic roles through its anti-inflammatory effects, although its underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Emerging evidence has documented that cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-regulated DNA damage plays an important role in the neurodegenerative diseases; however, there are few relevant reports on the research of Chk1 in neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the regulatory role of H2S on Chk1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety-like behavior focusing on inflammasome activation in the hippocampus. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE, a H2S-producing enzyme) knockout (CSE-/-) mice displayed anxiety-like behavior and activation of inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses, manifesting by the increase levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1, microglia marker) expression in the hippocampus. Importantly, expression of p-Chk1 and γ-H2AX (DNA damage marker) levels were also increased in the hippocampus of CSE-/- mice. LPS treatment decreased the expression of CSE and CBS while increased p-Chk1 and γ-H2AX levels and inflammasome-activated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice. Moreover, p-Chk1 and γ-H2AX protein levels and cellular immunoactivity were significantly increased while CSE and CBS were markedly decreased in cultured BV2 cells followed by LPS treatment. Treatment of mice with GYY4137, a donor of H2S, inhibited LPS-induced increased in p-Chk1 and γ-H2AX levels, mitigated inflammasome activation and inflammatory responses as well as amelioration of anxiety-like behavior. Notably, SB-218078, a selective Chk1 inhibitor treatment attenuated the effect of LPS on inflammasome activation and inflammatory responses and the induction of anxiety-like behavior. Finally, STAT3 knockdown with AAV-STAT3 shRNA alleviated LPS-induced anxiety-like behavior and inhibited inflammasome activation in the hippocampus, and blockade of NLRP3 with MCC950 attenuated neuroinflammation induction and ameliorated LPS-induced anxiety-like behavior. Overall, this study indicates that downregulation of Chk1 activity by H2S activation may be considered as a valid strategy for preventing the progression of LPS-induced anxiety-like behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Mengfan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Zhejiang 315302, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guizhen Xie
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhou
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Congkuo Du
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinge Yang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334709, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Zhejiang 315302, China.
| | - Junming Fan
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Institute of Cixi Biomedical Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Zhejiang 315302, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Haeri M, Swerdlow RH, Wang N. Loss of Adaptive DNA Breaks in Alzheimer's Disease Brains. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1861-1875. [PMID: 38306051 PMCID: PMC10894583 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background DNA breaks accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. While their role as true genomic lesions is recognized, DNA breaks also support cognitive function by facilitating the expression of activity-dependent immediate early genes. This process involves TOP2B, a DNA topoisomerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA double-strand breaks. Objective To characterize how AD impacts adaptive DNA breaks at nervous system genes. Methods We leveraged the ability of DNA single- and double-strand breaks to activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that conjugate poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) to adjacent proteins. To characterize the genomic sites harboring DNA breaks in AD brains, nuclei extracted from 3 AD and 3 non-demented autopsy brains (frontal cortex, all male donors, age 78 to 91 years of age) were analyzed through CUT&RUN in which we targeted PAR with subsequent DNA sequencing. Results Although the AD brains contained 19.9 times more PAR peaks than the non-demented brains, PAR peaks at nervous system genes were profoundly lost in AD brains, and the expression of these genes was downregulated. This result is consistent with our previous CUT&RUN targeting γH2AX, which marks DNA double-strand breaks. In addition, TOP2B expression was significantly decreased in the AD brains. Conclusions Although AD brains contain a net increase in DNA breaks, adaptive DNA breaks at nervous system genes are lost in AD brains. This could potentially reflect diminished TOP2B expression and contribute to impaired neuron function and cognition in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mohammad Haeri
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Haeri M, Swerdlow RH, Wang N. Loss of Adaptive DNA Breaks in Alzheimer's Disease Brains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.566423. [PMID: 38168316 PMCID: PMC10760021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.566423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background DNA breaks accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. While their role as true genomic lesions is recognized, DNA breaks also support cognitive function by facilitating the expression of activity-dependent immediate early genes (IEGs). This process involves TOP2B, a DNA topoisomerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Objective To characterize how AD impacts adaptive DNA breaks at nervous system genes. Methods We leveraged the ability of DNA single- and double-strand breaks to activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that conjugate poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) to adjacent proteins. To characterize the genomic sites harboring DNA breaks in AD brains, nuclei extracted from 3 AD and 3 non-demented (ND) autopsy brains (frontal cortex, all male donors, age 78 to 91 years of age) were analyzed through CUT&RUN in which we targeted PAR with subsequent DNA sequencing. Results Although the AD brains contained 19.9 times more PAR peaks than the ND brains, PAR peaks at nervous system genes were profoundly lost in AD brains, and the expression of these genes was downregulated. This result is consistent with our previous CUT&RUN targeting γH2AX, which marks DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In addition, TOP2B expression was significantly decreased in the AD brains. Conclusion Although AD brains contain a net increase in DNA breaks, adaptive DNA breaks at nervous system genes are lost in AD brains. This could potentially reflect diminished TOP2B expression and contribute to impaired neuron function and cognition in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mohammad Haeri
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Smalheiser NR. Mobile circular DNAs regulating memory and communication in CNS neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1304667. [PMID: 38125007 PMCID: PMC10730651 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1304667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli that stimulate neurons elicit transcription of immediate-early genes, a process which requires local sites of chromosomal DNA to form double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by topoisomerase IIb within a few minutes, followed by repair within a few hours. Wakefulness, exploring a novel environment, and contextual fear conditioning also elicit turn-on of synaptic genes requiring DSBs and repair. It has been reported (in non-neuronal cells) that extrachromosomal circular DNA can form at DSBs as the sites are repaired. I propose that activated neurons may generate extrachromosomal circular DNAs during repair at DSB sites, thus creating long-lasting "markers" of that activity pattern which contain sequences from their sites of origin and which regulate long-term gene expression. Although the population of extrachromosomal DNAs is diverse and overall associated with pathology, a subclass of small circular DNAs ("microDNAs," ∼100-400 bases long), largely derives from unique genomic sequences and has attractive features to act as stable, mobile circular DNAs to regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Circular DNAs can be templates for the transcription of RNAs, particularly small inhibitory siRNAs, circular RNAs and other non-coding RNAs that interact with microRNAs. These may regulate translation and transcription of other genes involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Another possible fate for mobile DNAs is to be inserted stably into chromosomes after new DSB sites are generated in response to subsequent activation events. Thus, the insertions of mobile DNAs into activity-induced genes may tend to inactivate them and aid in homeostatic regulation to avoid over-excitation, as well as providing a "counter" for a neuron's activation history. Moreover, activated neurons release secretory exosomes that can be transferred to recipient cells to regulate their gene expression. Mobile DNAs may be packaged into exosomes, released in an activity-dependent manner, and transferred to recipient cells, where they may be templates for regulatory RNAs and possibly incorporated into chromosomes. Finally, aging and neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's disease) are also associated with an increase in DSBs in neurons. It will become important in the future to assess how pathology-associated DSBs may relate to activity-induced mobile DNAs, and whether the latter may potentially contribute to pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Smalheiser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dyakonova VE. DNA Instability in Neurons: Lifespan Clock and Driver of Evolution. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1719-1731. [PMID: 38105193 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last ten years, the discovery of neuronal DNA postmitotic instability has changed the theoretical landscape in neuroscience and, more broadly, biology. In 2003, A. M. Olovnikov suggested that neuronal DNA is the "initial substrate of aging". Recent experimental data have significantly increased the likelihood of this hypothesis. How does neuronal DNA accumulate damage and in what genome regions? What factors contribute to this process and how are they associated with aging and lifespan? These questions will be discussed in the review. In the course of Metazoan evolution, the instability of neuronal DNA has been accompanied by searching for the pathways to reduce the biological cost of brain activity. Various processes and activities, such as sleep, evolutionary increase in the number of neurons in the vertebrate brain, adult neurogenesis, distribution of neuronal activity, somatic polyploidy, and RNA editing in cephalopods, can be reconsidered in the light of the trade-off between neuronal plasticity and DNA instability in neurons. This topic is of considerable importance for both fundamental neuroscience and translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara E Dyakonova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. New Facets of DNA Double Strand Break Repair: Radiation Dose as Key Determinant of HR versus c-NHEJ Engagement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14956. [PMID: 37834403 PMCID: PMC10573367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an essential component of present-day cancer management, utilizing ionizing radiation (IR) of different modalities to mitigate cancer progression. IR functions by generating ionizations in cells that induce a plethora of DNA lesions. The most detrimental among them are the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In the course of evolution, cells of higher eukaryotes have evolved four major DSB repair pathways: classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), alternative end-joining (alt-EJ), and single strand annealing (SSA). These mechanistically distinct repair pathways have different cell cycle- and homology-dependencies but, surprisingly, they operate with widely different fidelity and kinetics and therefore contribute unequally to cell survival and genome maintenance. It is therefore reasonable to anticipate tight regulation and coordination in the engagement of these DSB repair pathway to achieve the maximum possible genomic stability. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the accumulated knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underpinning these repair pathways, with emphasis on c-NHEJ and HR. We discuss factors and processes that have recently come to the fore. We outline mechanisms steering DSB repair pathway choice throughout the cell cycle, and highlight the critical role of DNA end resection in this process. Most importantly, however, we point out the strong preference for HR at low DSB loads, and thus low IR doses, for cells irradiated in the G2-phase of the cell cycle. We further explore the molecular underpinnings of transitions from high fidelity to low fidelity error-prone repair pathways and analyze the coordination and consequences of this transition on cell viability and genomic stability. Finally, we elaborate on how these advances may help in the development of improved cancer treatment protocols in radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (V.M.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang M, Zhong F, Chen M, Hong L, Chen W, Abudukeremu X, She F, Chen Y. CEP55 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target on gallbladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156177. [PMID: 37274251 PMCID: PMC10232967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant biliary tumor with a poor prognosis. As existing therapies for advanced metastatic GBC are rarely effective, there is an urgent need to identify more effective targets for treatment. Methods Hub genes of GBC were identified by bioinformatics analysis and their expression in GBC was analyzed by tissue validation. The biological role of CEP55 in GBC cell and the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effect of CEP55 knockdown were evaluated via CCK8, colony formation assay, EDU staining, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and an alkaline comet assay. Results We screened out five hub genes of GBC, namely PLK1, CEP55, FANCI, NEK2 and PTTG1. CEP55 is not only overexpressed in the GBC but also correlated with advanced TNM stage, differentiation grade and poorer survival. After CEP55 knockdown, the proliferation of GBC cells was inhibited with cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and DNA damage. There was a marked increase in the apoptosis of GBC cells in the siCEP55 group. Besides, in vivo, CEP55 inhibition attenuated the growth and promoted apoptosis of GBC cells. Mechanically, the tumor suppressor effect of CEP55 knockdown is associated with dysregulation of the AKT and ERK signaling networks. Discussion These data not only demonstrate that CEP55 is identified as a potential independent predictor crucial to the diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer but also reveal the possibility for CEP55 to be used as a promising target in the treatment of GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maotuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuxiu Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingju Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiahenazi Abudukeremu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feifei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays on the Central Nervous System: From Negative to Unexpectedly Positive Effects That Astronauts May Encounter. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030400. [PMID: 36979092 PMCID: PMC10044754 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) pose a serious threat to astronauts’ health during deep space missions. The possible functional alterations of the central nervous system (CNS) under GCR exposure can be critical for mission success. Despite the obvious negative effects of ionizing radiation, a number of neutral or even positive effects of GCR irradiation on CNS functions were revealed in ground-based experiments with rodents and primates. This review is focused on the GCR exposure effects on emotional state and cognition, emphasizing positive effects and their potential mechanisms. We integrate these data with GCR effects on adult neurogenesis and pathological protein aggregation, forming a complete picture. We conclude that GCR exposure causes multidirectional effects on cognition, which may be associated with emotional state alterations. However, the irradiation in space-related doses either has no effect or has performance enhancing effects in solving high-level cognition tasks and tasks with a high level of motivation. We suppose the model of neurotransmission changes after irradiation, although the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not fully understood.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu L, Dong Y, Zhu C, Chen Y. Effect and mechanism of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease: A review. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1035376. [PMID: 36936498 PMCID: PMC10020224 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1035376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development trend of an aging society, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become an urgent problem in the field of medicine worldwide. Cognitive impairment in AD patients leads to a decline in the ability to perform daily living and abnormalities in behavior and personality, causing abnormal psychiatric symptoms, which seriously affect the daily life of patients. Currently, mainly drug therapy is used for AD patients in the clinic, but a large proportion of patients will experience drug efficacy not working, and even some drugs bring severe sleep disorders. Acupuncture, with its unique concept and treatment method, has been validated through a large number of experiments and proved its reliability of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. Many advances have been made in the study of the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, further demonstrating the good efficacy and unique advantages of acupuncture in the treatment of AD. This review first summarizes the pathogenesis of AD and then illustrates the research progress of acupuncture in the treatment of AD, which includes the effect of acupuncture on the changes of biochemical indicators in AD in vivo and the specific mechanism of action to exert the therapeutic effect. Changes in relevant indicators of AD similarly further validate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment. The clinical and mechanistic studies of acupuncture in the treatment of AD are intensified to fit the need for social development. It is believed that acupuncture will achieve new achievements in the treatment of AD as research progresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wu
- Department of Tuina, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Galactophore, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|