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Kuo A, Hla T. Regulation of cellular and systemic sphingolipid homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00742-y. [PMID: 38890457 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
One hundred and fifty years ago, Johann Thudichum described sphingolipids as unusual "Sphinx-like" lipids from the brain. Today, we know that thousands of sphingolipid molecules mediate many essential functions in embryonic development and normal physiology. In addition, sphingolipid metabolism and signalling pathways are dysregulated in a wide range of pathologies, and therapeutic agents that target sphingolipids are now used to treat several human diseases. However, our understanding of sphingolipid regulation at cellular and organismal levels and their functions in developmental, physiological and pathological settings is rudimentary. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in sphingolipid pathways in different organelles, how secreted sphingolipid mediators modulate physiology and disease, progress in sphingolipid-targeted therapeutic and diagnostic research, and the trans-cellular sphingolipid metabolic networks between microbiota and mammals. Advances in sphingolipid biology have led to a deeper understanding of mammalian physiology and may lead to progress in the management of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sundaraswamy PM, Minami Y, Jayaprakash J, B Gowda SG, Takatsu H, Gowda D, Shin HW, Hui SP. A facile method for monitoring sphingomyelin synthase activity in HeLa cells using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analyst 2024; 149:3293-3301. [PMID: 38713069 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is a sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of sphingomyelin (SM) from ceramide (Cer). Recent studies have indicated that SMS is a key therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and colorectal cancer. However, very few SMS inhibitors have been identified because of the limited sensitivity and selectivity of the current fluorescence-based screening assay. In this study, we developed a simple cell-based assay coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to screen for SMS inhibitors. HeLa cells stably expressing SMS1 or SMS2 were used for the screening. A non-fluorescent unnatural C6-Cer was used as a substrate for SMS to produce C6-SM. C6-Cer and C6-SM levels in the cells were monitored and quantified using LC-MS/MS. The activity of ginkgolic acid C15:1 (GA), a known SMS inhibitor, was measured. GA had half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 5.5 μM and 3.6 μM for SMS1 and SMS2, respectively. To validate these findings, hSMS1 and hSMS2 proteins were optimized for molecular docking studies. In silico analyses were conducted to assess the interaction of GA with SMS1 and SMS2, and its binding affinity. This study offers an analytical approach for screening novel SMS inhibitors and provides in silico support for the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punith M Sundaraswamy
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Minami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jayashankar Jayaprakash
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan.
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Hye-Won Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Nehus EJ, Sheanon NM, Zhang W, Marcovina SM, Setchell KDR, Mitsnefes MM. Urinary sphingolipids in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset diabetes. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1875-1883. [PMID: 38172468 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated urinary sphingolipids as a marker of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS A comprehensive panel of urinary sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin (SM), glucosylceramide (GC), ceramide (Cer), and lactosylceramide (LC) species, was performed in patients with youth-onset diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth cohort. Sphingolipid levels, normalized to urine creatinine, were compared in 57 adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, 59 with type 2 diabetes, and 44 healthy controls. The association of sphingolipids with albumin-to-creatinine (ACR) ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated. RESULTS The median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of participants was 23.1 years (20.9, 24.9) and the median duration of diabetes was 9.3 (8.5, 10.2) years. Urinary sphingolipid concentrations in patients with and without DKD (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g) were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. There were no significant differences in sphingolipid levels between participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In multivariable analysis, many sphingolipid species were positively correlated with ACR. Most significant associations were evident for the following species: C18 SM, C24:1 SM, C24:1 GC, and C24:1 Cer (all p < 0.001). Sphingolipid levels were not associated with eGFR. However, several interaction terms (diabetes type*sphingolipid) were significant, indicating diabetes type may modify the association of sphingolipids with eGFR. CONCLUSION Urinary sphingolipids are elevated in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset diabetes and correlate with ACR. Urinary sphingolipids may therefore represent an early biomarker of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Nehus
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine Charleston Campus, Charleston, WV, USA.
| | - Nicole M Sheanon
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Clinical Mass Spectroscopy Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Clinical Mass Spectroscopy Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark M Mitsnefes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Chabowski A, Mikłosz A. Adipose tissue place of origin and obesity influence sphingolipid signaling pathway in the adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs isolated from morbidly obese women. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116158. [PMID: 38521475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a component of adipose tissue that in recent years has gained on importance. The progenitor cells serve as an essentially unlimited source of new adipocytes and therefore are considered to be an important determinant of the tissue's physiology. In this paper we investigated mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs obtained from subcutaneous/visceral fat of patients with different metabolic status (lean, obese without and with metabolic syndrome). We focused our interests on the sphingolipid signaling pathway, i.e.a signal transduction system indispensable for cells functioning, but also implicated in the development of medical conditions associated with obesity. We observed that the cells derived from visceral tissue had significantly greater levels of almost all the examined sphingolipids (especially Cer, dhCer, SM). Moreover, obesity and metabolic syndrome present in donor patients was associated with an increased level of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and the product of its reaction sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Moreover, the condition appeared to display a tissue specific pattern. Namely, the adipocytes of subcutaneous provenance had an increased activation of ceramide de novo synthesis pathway when the donors of ADMSCs had metabolic syndrome. The above translated into greater accumulation of ceramide in the cells. To our knowledge this is the first study that demonstrated altered sphingolipid profile in the mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs with respect to the stem cells tissue of origin and the donor patient metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Collino M, Piccoli M. Editorial: Sphingolipids in cardiovascular diseases: from pathogenesis to therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1330274. [PMID: 38259309 PMCID: PMC10800555 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1330274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Jamjoum R, Majumder S, Issleny B, Stiban J. Mysterious sphingolipids: metabolic interrelationships at the center of pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1229108. [PMID: 38235387 PMCID: PMC10791800 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1229108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are complex and intertwined. Deficiencies in one or more enzymes in a given pathway are directly linked with genetic diseases, most of them having devastating manifestations. The metabolic pathways undertaken by sphingolipids are diverse and elaborate with ceramide species serving as the hubs of sphingolipid intermediary metabolism and function. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that serve a multitude of cellular functions. Being pleiotropic in function, deficiency or overproduction of certain sphingolipids is associated with many genetic and chronic diseases. In this up-to-date review article, we strive to gather recent scientific evidence about sphingolipid metabolism, its enzymes, and regulation. We shed light on the importance of sphingolipid metabolism in a variety of genetic diseases and in nervous and immune system ailments. This is a comprehensive review of the state of the field of sphingolipid biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Jamjoum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Saurav Majumder
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Batoul Issleny
- Department of Pharmacy, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
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