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Meisyara D, Guswenrivo I, Veera Singham G. Efficacy of plant-based products and nonconventional pesticides for the management of tropical bed bug. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:2070-2080. [PMID: 39115807 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/16/2024]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is widespread in global bed bug populations. Both common bed bugs and tropical bed bugs are pyrethroid-resistant among most field populations. Plant-based products and nonconventional pesticides offer minimal-risk strategies for managing bed bug resistance, but this strategy has yet to be formally evaluated in Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Here, several commercial plant-based formulations (Cedarcide, EcoRaider (also known as EcoVenger), EcoSMART, and Bio-D), a novel product, Provecta, and a pyrethroid insecticide, Pesguard FG161 were tested against pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of C. hemipterus using direct spray, residual exposure, and egg dipping assays. Direct spray treatments outperform residual applications against all tested bed bug strains. Cedarcide exhibits the highest consistency in eliminating bed bugs, followed by EcoRaider, EcoSMART, and Provecta that outperform Bio-D and Pesguard FG161. In comparison to Pesguard FG161, all plant-based insecticide products and Provecta showed higher efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant strains. Although effective, product efficacy varies in terms of speed. Cedarcide kills all bed bugs within 1 min after spraying; however, other products can take up to 9 days to achieve 100% mortality. The efficacy of all products was reduced when evaluated on fabric surface (42%-65% mortality). Cedarcide and EcoRaider reduced egg hatchability by 37%-73% and 47%-70%, respectively. This study suggests that certain plant-based insecticides and an unconventional insecticide can serve as alternative direct spray treatments for managing tropical bed bugs, though their residual effects are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Meisyara
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Ikhsan Guswenrivo
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - G Veera Singham
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
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Yoon J, Tak JH. Compositional Optimization for Miticidal Activity, Ecotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oils as Biorational Pesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20362-20373. [PMID: 39231781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing the challenges in using botanicals as sustainable pest control agents due to compositional variation, this study addresses the limitations of traditional component-based approaches such as Hewlett and Plackett or Wadley's models. Based on the assumption of noninteractivity among constituents, these models often fail to predict outcomes accurately due to dynamic intermolecular interactions. We introduce a whole mixture-based approach, employing a combination of experimental design and polynomial modeling. This technique accurately predicts miticidal activity on Tetranychus urticae, ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna, and phytotoxic activities on Phaseolus vulgaris of Rosemarinus officinalis essential oils with varying composition. The RMSE values from the polynomial model are 66.9 and 5.0 for miticidal activity and ecotoxicity, respectively, while they are much higher in component-based models, up to 1097.7 and 41.3, respectively. Additionally, we utilize multiobjective optimization algorithms to identify the optimal supplementary blending of oils and compounds. This strategy aims to maximize miticidal effectiveness while minimizing ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity. Our approach for predicting multicomponent mixture effects is likely to bridge the knowledge gap between research and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Tak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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3
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Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL. Bed Bug Infestation: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:137-149. [PMID: 37038684 DOI: 10.2174/1573396320666230406084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a global resurgence of bed bug infestations, especially in developed countries. Proper awareness and identification of bed bug infestations are essential to guide treatment and eradication. The purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with bed bug bites so that they can effectively diagnose, treat, and address questions about bed bug bites and infestations. Bed bug bites are often painless. Typical reactions include pruritic, erythematous maculopapules occurring in clusters or in a linear or curvilinear distribution in exposed areas of the body. A small red punctum may be visualized at the center of the bite mark. Lesions that appear three in a row and papules on the upper eyelid associated with erythema and edema are highly suggestive of bites from bed bugs. Exaggerated local reactions such as vesicles, urticarial wheals, urticarial perilesional plaques, diffuse urticaria, bullae, and nodules may occur in previously sensitized individuals. Reactions to bed bug bites are self-limited. As such, treatment is mainly symptomatic. Topical pramoxine and oral antihistamines can be used to alleviate pruritus. Topical corticosteroids can be used for significant eruptions to control inflammation and pruritus, and to hasten resolution of the lesions. Integrated pest management, an approach for the eradication of bed bugs, includes monitoring devices (active monitors include the use of heat or carbon dioxide attractants and passive monitors include the use of sticky pads for trapping), and judicious use of nonchemical and chemical treatments known to be effective. Nonchemical interventions include keeping affected areas clean and free of clutter, vacuuming, washing linens with hot water, caulking wall holes and cracks where bugs can hide, proper disposal of highly infested items, and placement of bed bug traps/interceptors at the base of beds and furniture. Chemical interventions involve the use of insecticides such as synthetic pyrethroids, silicates, insect growth disruptors, carbamates, organophosphates, neonicotinoids, diethyl-meta-toluamide, chlorfenapyr, fipronil and plant essential oils. Insecticides should be used with caution to prevent over-exposure and toxicity (in particular, cardiovascular and neurologic toxicity), especially if there are young children around. It is important to note that multiple mechanisms of insecticide resistance exist and as such, chemical treatment should only be undertaken by trained professionals who understand the current literature on resistance. Both nonchemical and chemical technologies should be combined for optimal results. Bed bug infestations may cause diverse dermal reactions, stigmatization, poor self-esteem, emotional stress, anxiety, significant adverse effect on quality of life, and substantial socioeconomic burden to society. As such, their rapid detection and eradication are of paramount importance. Consultation with a professional exterminator is recommended to fully eradicate an infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Miranda FR, Avelar BR, de Jesus ILR, Guimarães BG, Bonfim IV, Alves MCC, Ferreira TP, Azevedo TRC, Cid YP, Scott FB. Do combinations of fipronil, eugenol and carvacrol have synergistic effects against Rhipicephalus sanguineus? Parasitol Res 2023; 123:48. [PMID: 38095726 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is one of the main ectoparasites that affects dogs, causing direct and indirect damage to parasitized animals. Currently, infestation control is mainly carried out by using synthetic acaricidal drugs. However, a decrease in efficacy and an increase in resistance to the main therapeutic protocols against tick infestations have been increasingly reported and confirmed, a factor that has driven research into the potential acaricide activity of natural compounds, including in association with synthetic molecules. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the combinations of fipronil (FIP) and eugenol (EUG), FIP and carvacrol (CAR), and EUG and CAR would have synergistic effects against immature and unfed adult stages of R. sanguineus through in vitro bioassays. Bioassays were carried out using the larval packet test (FAO 2004) adapted for nymphs and adults. The synergistic activity was explored by combining each solution, based on the estimated LC50, in a 1:1 ratio (FIP: EUG, FIP: CAR and EUG: CAR). CompuSyn software was used to evaluate the various pairwise combinations of FIP, EUG and CAR, checking if there was synergism or antagonism between them. FIP and EUG and FIP and CAR showed combination index (CIn) values above 1.45, indicating antagonism. The synergistic activity between EUG and CAR was verified against all unfed phases of R. sanguineus, since the CIn was below 0.70, a value that indicates synergism. The combination of fipronil with either eugenol or carvacrol presented antagonistic effects against R. sanguineus larvae. On the other hand, carvacrol and eugenol had excellent pharmacological synergism against all tick stages with mortality values in the range of 80 to 100%, including the adult stage, which is less susceptible than immature stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rocha Miranda
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Rauta Avelar
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lins Raquel de Jesus
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brena Gava Guimarães
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Vilela Bonfim
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melina Cardilo Campos Alves
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Paes Ferreira
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro Correa Azevedo
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yara Peluso Cid
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Health and Biological Science Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Barbour Scott
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sousa PAS, Neto J, Barbosa JV, Peres J, Magro A, Barros G, Sousa JM, Magalhães FD, Mexia A, Aguiar AARM, Bastos MMSM. Novel Approach for a Controlled Delivery of Essential Oils during Long-Term Maize Storage: Clove Bud and Pennyroyal Oils Efficacy to Control Sitophilus zeamais, Reducing Grain Damage and Post-Harvest Losses. INSECTS 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 37103181 PMCID: PMC10146953 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize grains represent a significant contribution for assuring food safety all over the globe. Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), also known as the maize weevil, is one of the most destructive pests in stored maize, causing qualitative and quantitative losses. To control S. zeamais populations in maize storage sites, synthetical chemical insecticides are applied. However, these are often used wastefully, have environmental implications, and can induce the development of resistant populations. In this work, the insecticidal and grain protecting efficacy of an innovative macro-capsule delivery device, loaded with essential oils from Clove bud and Pennyroyal, as well as their combined solutions, was tested against naturally S. zeamais-infested maize grains. The blend of both compounds incorporated in a controlled release device reduced losses by more than 45% over a long storage period of twenty weeks, diminishing the survivability of maize weevils by over 90%. The usage of the blend at a concentration of 370 μL⋅Lair-1 with an antioxidant showed the best results, however, by halving the concentration (185 μL⋅Lair-1), a significant control of S. zeamais populations was still achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. S. Sousa
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; (P.A.S.S.)
| | - Joana Neto
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; (P.A.S.S.)
| | - Joana V. Barbosa
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Peres
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magro
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Barros
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. Sousa
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernão D. Magalhães
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Mexia
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana A. R. M. Aguiar
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; (P.A.S.S.)
| | - Margarida M. S. M. Bastos
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Aghaei Afshar A, Sharififard M, Jahanifard E, Gorouhi MA, Yousefi S, Shirani-Bidabadi L, Faraji M, Alizadeh I. Application of plants as eco-friendly components against common bed bugs ( Cimex lectularius L.): a systematic review of the literature. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2023.2167882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Aghaei Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mona Sharififard
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elham Jahanifard
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Gorouhi
- Department of Vector biology and Control, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saideh Yousefi
- Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Leila Shirani-Bidabadi
- Department of Vector biology and Control, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Alizadeh
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Attia MM, Khalf MA, Abou-Okada M, Shamseldean MSM, Salem MA, Al-Sabi MNS. Chitosan–silver nanocomposites as a promising tool for controlling the bed bug: Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae). J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221149724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of chitosan–silver nanocomposites (CSN) as an insecticide against the bed bug ( Cimex lectularius). Adult bed bugs were collected from infested residential areas and identified using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. CSN were prepared and photographed for characterization using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The insecticidal effect of different concentrations of CSN (400–1000 ppm) was compared to that of 0.1% cypermethrin as a positive control and normal saline as a negative control. The bugs ( n = 25) were immersed for 20 min in the corresponding medium, dried with filter papers, and then incubated at 27–28°C and 70% RH with a 12:12 h light–dark photoperiod. The mortality rates were recorded at different time intervals (2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h post-incubation (hPI)), and the entire experiment was repeated five times. Image analysis showed round- to spherical-shaped CSN ranging in size from 34 to 72 nm. The mortality rates were positively associated with increasing concentrations of CSN. The mortality rate first reached 100% for concentrations of 800 ppm at 24 hPI and 1000 ppm at 12 hPI. The calculated LC50 was found at a concentration of 1165 ppm at 2 hPI, and the LC99 was found at a concentration of 1914 ppm at 2 hPI. The positive control, cypermethrin, induced 100% mortality among the bugs at 2 hPI, while the negative control caused no mortality. These results clearly show the potential of CSN as an insecticide against C. lectularius. Future studies on best practices for implementing these particles in clinical settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Attia
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Khalf
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abou-Okada
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad SM Shamseldean
- Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Salem
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Oladipupo SO, Hu XP, Appel AG. Essential Oils in Urban Insect Management-A Review. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1375-1408. [PMID: 35791493 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The allures of city life have culminated in the rise of urban populations resulting in conditions that promote the establishment of certain insect pests. Globally, the public health significance of these urban insect pests is enormous, ranging from billions of dollars to loss of lives. Most chemical insecticides no longer provide the anticipated level of control, and significant insecticide resistance has been reported. Therefore, there has been a spike in interest for alternatives to conventional insecticides. Among them, natural products from plants such as essential oils (EOs) and essential oil components (EOCs) have enjoyed the most attention owing to widespread reports of efficacy and toxicity even against insecticide-resistant urban insects. Yet, there is no comprehensive synthesis on the extent and impact of the management of urban insects using EOs or EOCs. Such a review is highly relevant since it provides a means to assess the extent of progress made, shortfalls, limitations, and prospects. More so, we hope it can be used to make informed decisions and develop relevant policies reliably. We present the ranges of insecticidal effects of EOs, EOCs, and commercially available EO-based products from laboratory and field studies. Finally, we discuss the gaps in our knowledge and prospects for the sustainable use of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Oladipupo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - X P Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - A G Appel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
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Essential Oils as a Source of Ecofriendly Insecticides for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Their Potential Non-Target Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196215. [PMID: 36234751 PMCID: PMC9571007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is one of the main invasive pests of small fruits in the world. Thus, 19 essential oils (EOs) were selected to analyze the effects through toxicity and repellency on oviposition and D. suzukii adults. In addition, their lethal and sublethal effects on the pupal endoparasitoid Trichopria anastrephae were evaluated. The EOs of C. flexuosus and Mentha spp. had the highest toxicity observed in the topical application bioassay for D. suzukii. In contrast, the EOs of C. verum, C. citratus QT citratus, and C. winterianus showed the highest toxicity in the ingestion bioassay for D. suzukii. The dry residues of C. verum and C. citratus QT citratus reduced the oviposition of D. suzukii. In the repellency bioassays, the 19 EOs analyzed repelled ≅ 90% of the D. suzukii females. All EOs evaluated using the LC90 values of the products provided mortality of less than 20% of T. anastrephae adults and did not cause a reduction in the parasitism of surviving T. anastrephae females. We conclude that the EOs evaluated have the potential to be used in the management of D. suzukii. They can also serve as selective active ingredients for the formulation and synthesis of new biopesticides.
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Liu Z, Li QX, Song B. Pesticidal Activity and Mode of Action of Monoterpenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4556-4571. [PMID: 35380824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are often associated with issues such as pest resistance, persistent residue, nontarget toxicity, and environmental issues. Therefore, the research and development of novel, safe, and effective pesticides has become a focus in pesticide discovery. Monoterpenes are secondary plant metabolites that commonly have multiple action targets and have been used in aromatherapy, alternative medicine, and food industries. Some are highly potent and stereoselective. They can potentially be botanical pesticides and serve as lead candidates for the design and synthesis of new monoterpenoid pesticides for agricultural applications. This article reviews publications and patents found in SciFinder Scholar between 2000 and May 2021 on monoterpenes and mainly focuses on pesticidal activities of frequently studied monoterpenes and their modes of action. The presented information and our views are hopefully useful for the development of monoterpenes as biopesticides and monoterpenoid pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P. R. China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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Kostić I, Lazarević J, Šešlija Jovanović D, Kostić M, Marković T, Milanović S. Potential of Essential Oils from Anise, Dill and Fennel Seeds for the Gypsy Moth Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2194. [PMID: 34686003 PMCID: PMC8538750 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)) is a serious pest of hardwood forests. In the search for an environmentally safe means of its control, we assessed the impact of different concentrations of essential oils (EOs) from the seeds of three Apiaceae plants (anise Pimpinella anisum, dill Anethum graveolens, and fennel Foeniculum vulgare) on behavior, mortality, molting and nutritional physiology of gypsy moth larvae (GML). EOs efficacy was compared with commercial insecticide NeemAzal®-T/S (neem). The main compounds in the Eos were trans-anethole in anise; carvone, limonene, and α-phellandrene in dill; and trans-anethole and fenchone in fennel seed. At 1% EOs concentration, anise and fennel were better antifeedants and all three EOs were more toxic than neem. Neem was superior in delaying 2nd to 3rd larval molting. In the 4th instar, 0.5%, anise and fennel EOs decreased relative consumption rate more than neem, whereas all three EOs were more effective in reducing growth rate, approximate digestibility and efficiency of conversion of food into body mass leading to higher metabolic costs to GML. Decrease in consumption and metabolic parameters compared to control GML confirmed that adverse effects of the EOs stem from both pre- and post-ingestive mechanisms. The results indicate the potential of three EOs to be used for gypsy moth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kostić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelica Lazarević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Darka Šešlija Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miroslav Kostić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatjana Marković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Slobodan Milanović
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; or
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Behavioral and Antennal Responses of Tribolium confusum to Varronia globosa Essential Oil and Its Main Constituents: Perspective for Their Use as Repellent. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154393. [PMID: 34361547 PMCID: PMC8347475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils of aromatic plants represent an alternative to classical pest control with synthetic chemicals. They are especially promising for the alternative control of stored product pest insects. Here, we tested behavioral and electrophysiological responses of the stored product pest Tribolium confusum, to the essential oil of a Brazilian indigenous plant, Varronia globosa, collected in the Caatinga ecosystem. We analyzed the essential oil by GC-MS, tested the effects of the entire oil and its major components on the behavior of individual beetles in a four-way olfactometer, and investigated responses to these stimuli in electroantennogram recordings (EAG). We could identify 25 constituents in the essential oil of V. globosa, with anethole, caryophyllene and spathulenole as main components. The oil and its main component anethole had repellent effects already at low doses, whereas caryophyllene had only a repellent effect at a high dose. In addition, the essential oil abolished the attractive effect of the T. confusum aggregation pheromone. EAG recordings revealed dose-dependent responses to the individual components and increasing responses to the blend and even more to the entire oil. Our study reveals the potential of anethole and the essential oil of V. globosa in the management of stored product pests.
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Gaire S, Zheng W, Scharf ME, Gondhalekar AD. Plant essential oil constituents enhance deltamethrin toxicity in a resistant population of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104829. [PMID: 33993977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites derived from aromatic plants that are composed of complex mixtures of chemical constituents. EOs have been proposed as one of the alternative methods for bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) control. In insecticide resistant mosquitoes and tobacco cutworm, EOs synergize pyrethroid toxicity by inhibiting detoxification enzymes. However, whether EOs and their constituents enhance pyrethroid toxicity in C. lectularius has remained unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to (i) determine the effects of binary mixtures of deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) with EOs or EO constituents or EcoRaider® (an EO-based product) on mortality of insecticide resistant and susceptible bed bugs, and (ii) evaluate the effects of EO constituent pre-treatment on detoxification enzyme activities of resistant and susceptible populations. Topical bioassays with binary mixtures of deltamethrin and individual EOs (e.g., thyme, oregano, clove, geranium or coriander oils) or their major constituents (e.g., thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol or linalool) or EcoRaider® at doses that kill approximately 25% of bed bugs caused significant increases in mortality of resistant bed bugs. However, in the susceptible population, only coriander oil, EcoRaider®, thymol, and carvacrol significantly increased the toxicity of deltamethrin. Detoxification enzyme assays with protein extracts from bed bugs pre-treated with EO constituents suggested selective inhibition of cytochrome P450 activity in the resistant population, but no impacts were observed on esterase and glutathione transferase activities in either population. Inhibition of P450 activity by EO constituents thus appears to be one of the mechanisms of deltamethrin toxicity enhancement in resistant bed bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Gaire
- Center for Urban and Industrial Pest Management, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael E Scharf
- Center for Urban and Industrial Pest Management, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ameya D Gondhalekar
- Center for Urban and Industrial Pest Management, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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14
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Effects of Chemical Insecticide Residues and Household Surface Type on a Beauveria bassiana-Based Biopesticide (Aprehend ®) for Bed Bug Management. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030214. [PMID: 33802315 PMCID: PMC7998477 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biopesticide Aprehend, containing spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, is a biological control agent for the management of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). The spores are applied in strategically placed barriers, which bed bugs walk across as they search for a bloodmeal. Application of chemical insecticides by the general public and professional pest managers is common, which means that Aprehend may be sprayed on existing insecticide residues. We evaluated the effect of chemical residues, of 22 different chemical insecticides on different household surface types. We found that residues from 12 chemical pesticides significantly reduced spore viability measured 5 weeks after application in comparison to the control. However, efficacy of Aprehend, as measured by bed bug mortality and mean survival time after exposure to sprayed surfaces, seven weeks after application was not impacted detrimentally. Furthermore, in some cases, efficacy of old chemical residues was enhanced by the combination of chemical and Aprehend seven weeks after application. Surface type also played a role in the relative efficacy of all products and combinations, particularly as the residues aged.
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15
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González-Morales MA, Terán M, Romero A. Behavioral Responses of the Common Bed Bug to Essential Oil Constituents. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020184. [PMID: 33670065 PMCID: PMC7926421 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) are blood-sucking insects that have emerged worldwide in the last two decades causing serious public health and economic impact. Today, control of bed bug infestations relies on the use of synthetic insecticides, but their frequent use has led to the development of resistance in bed bug populations. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the development of safer, green, and more effective tools for bed bug control. Plant-derived pesticides are part of the proposed “green” methods for bed bug control. We evaluated behavioral responses of bed bugs to essential oil constituents (EOCs) and detected that bed bugs did not rest on areas treated with geraniol, eugenol, citronellic acid, and carvacrol. Barriers of these constituents did not deter bed bugs from reaching warmed blood meal and feeding. Our results show that novel formulations of natural product insecticides that include geraniol, eugenol, carvacrol, or citronellic acid have potential to repel bed bugs. However, little benefit of protection against bed bug bites can be expected when EOC-based products are applied to items present in close proximity to a sleeping host such as mattress covers, liners, or around the bed. Abstract Botanical-derived pesticides have arisen as an attractive alternative to synthetic insecticides to effectively manage infestations of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.). While information on contact, residual, and fumigant toxicity of plant-essential oils against bed bugs have been recently published, there is a gap of information regarding the repellent activity of these products and their constituents. Identification of essential oil constituents (EOCs) with repellent activity will help develop potentially efficacious essential oil-based formulations for use in bed bug management programs. In this study, we first screened fresh and 24 h-aged residues of geraniol, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, citronellic acid, linalool, menthone, trans-cinnamaldehyde, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene for avoidance behavior from individual bed bugs with a video-tracking system. Six EOCs, geraniol, eugenol, citronellic acid, thymol, carvacrol, and linalool were further evaluated overnight in choice tests to determine whether 24-h aged residues were still avoided by groups of bed bugs. While bed bugs avoided resting on filter papers treated with 24-h aged residues of geraniol, eugenol, citronellic acid, and carvacrol, bed bugs aggregated in areas treated with linalool-aged residues. Barriers of EOCs did not prevent bed bugs from reaching a warmed blood source and acquiring blood meals. Our results show that novel formulations of natural product insecticides that include geraniol, eugenol, carvacrol, or citronellic acid have potential to repel bed bugs. The presence of host-associated cues might interfere with these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A. González-Morales
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | | | - Alvaro Romero
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-575-646-5550
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16
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Gaire S, Lewis CD, Booth W, Scharf ME, Zheng W, Ginzel MD, Gondhalekar AD. Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L., exhibiting metabolic and target site deltamethrin resistance are susceptible to plant essential oils. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104667. [PMID: 32828373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance has been a major hurdle limiting the effective control of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.). Alternative approaches that include the use of plant essential oils (EOs) have been proposed for effective management of bed bugs. However, EO resistance level comparisons between pyrethroid susceptible and resistant bed bug populations have not been previously conducted. The goal of this study was twofold: (i) determine deltamethrin resistance levels and associated resistance mechanisms in the field-collected Knoxville strain and (ii) quantify resistance levels of the Knoxville strain to five EOs (thyme, oregano, clove, geranium and coriander), their major insecticidal constituents (thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol and linalool) and an EO-based product (EcoRaider®). First, we found that the Knoxville strain was 72,893 and 291,626 fold more resistant to topically applied deltamethrin in comparison to the susceptible Harlan strain at the LD25 and LD50 lethal dose levels, respectively. Synergist bioassays and detoxification enzyme assays revealed significantly higher activity of cytochrome P450 and esterase enzymes in the resistant Knoxville strain. Further, Sanger sequencing revealed the presence of the L925I mutation in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel α subunit gene. The Knoxville strain that possesses both enzymatic and target site deltamethrin resistance, however, did not show any resistance to EOs, their major insecticidal constituents and EcoRaider® in topical bioassays (resistance ratio of ~1). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that a deltamethrin-resistant strain of bed bugs is susceptible to EOs and their insecticidal constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Gaire
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Current address: Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Cari D Lewis
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| | - Michael E Scharf
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Matthew D Ginzel
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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