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Husain M, Rasool KG, Sutanto KD, Omer AO, Tufail M, Aldawood AS. Laboratory Evaluation of Indigenous and Commercial Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:290. [PMID: 38667420 PMCID: PMC11050374 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW) is a significant threat to date palms. Conventional pest control has been ineffective. This study aims to evaluate entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) indigenous to Saudi Arabia and commercial against RPW. We used 33 soil samples collected from four areas of Saudi Arabia. The indigenous EPNs were isolated and cultured using an insect baiting method to obtain infective juveniles. Pathogenicity bioassays were conducted against different stages of RPW, including eggs, larvae, and adults. The bioassay was performed using all the isolates at 1 × 106 IJ/mL. Distilled water was used as a control. The results revealed that only 9.09% of soil samples contained positive EPNs. Through DNA sequencing analysis, the positive samples were identified as indigenous isolates belonging to Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae EPN species. In pathogenicity tests, 90% mortality of RPW eggs was observed after five days. Similar mortality trends were seen in RPW larvae and adults, with 90% mortality recorded after ten days for all the EPN treatments. Mortality increased with the duration of post-EPN inoculation exposure. The 1 × 106 IJ/mL concentrations of EPN effectively killed various stages of RPW in the laboratory. More research is needed to test EPNs against RPW in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (K.D.S.); (A.O.O.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (K.D.S.); (A.O.O.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Koko D. Sutanto
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (K.D.S.); (A.O.O.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdalsalam O. Omer
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (K.D.S.); (A.O.O.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 3200, Pakistan;
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (K.D.S.); (A.O.O.); (A.S.A.)
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Na SM, Im GI, Lee WS, Kim DG. Assessment of Attractant Combinations for the Management of Red Palm Weevils ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) in the United Arab Emirates. INSECTS 2024; 15:218. [PMID: 38667348 PMCID: PMC11049854 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examined red palm weevil ecology in the United Arab Emirates to develop effective food baits, pheromone, and eco-friendly trapping methods. Three phases of investigation were conducted (from June to December 2023) on date palm farms in Ras Al Khaimah and Abu Dhabi. The first two phases, each 15 days long, were conducted in Ras Al Khaimah, whereas the third phase, 18 days long, was conducted in Abu Dhabi. Chemical attractants, such as existing pheromones and ethyl acetate, a newly synthesized ferruginol pheromone, and food baits, such as original dates, date paste, coconut water, and date palm syrup, were used to attract the weevils. Multi-funnel traps containing various attractant mixes were tested. The main activity of the red palm weevils was observed from 3:00 to 6:00 a.m., with 85.72 ± 3.39% being captured during this period, coinciding with cooler temperatures. When pheromones were added to the food bait, the capture rate increased by 6.95 ± 1.81 times. Combining food bait, ethyl acetate, and pheromones improved the capture rates by 3.14 ± 0.69 times compared to pheromones alone. The newly synthesized pheromone achieved capture rates 2.69 ± 0.07 times higher than those of the commercially available pheromone, confirming its suitability as a red palm weevil attractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Na
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gue-Il Im
- IMPROCK Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14452, Republic of Korea; (G.-I.I.); (W.-S.L.)
| | - Woon-Seok Lee
- IMPROCK Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14452, Republic of Korea; (G.-I.I.); (W.-S.L.)
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
- Smith College of Liberal Arts, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Darrag HM, Ghazzawy HS, Nasser Alzain M, Hakami EH, Almuhanna HT, Alqahtani NK. Exploring Ocimum basilicum's Secondary Metabolites: Inhibition and Molecular Docking against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus for Optimal Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:491. [PMID: 38498430 PMCID: PMC10892409 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The objective of our work is to create a practical procedure to produce in vitro cell suspensions of O. basilicum and to ascertain the factors that encourage enhanced secondary metabolite production. We investigated the impact of these metabolites on Rhynchophorus ferrugineus's adult and larval target enzymes. The explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 0.1 to 1 mg/L plant growth regulators (PGRs) to create calluses. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butryic acid (IBA) at 0.5, 0.5, 0.1, and 1 mg/L, respectively, with 3% sucrose led to the highest biomass accumulation. In cell suspensions, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 39.68 and 5.49 mg/g DW, respectively, with abiotic Verticillium dahliae as an activator. Rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, nepetoidin A and B, salvigenin, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside as flavonoids and phenolics were analyzed using UPLC-I TQD MS, with the highest concentrations reached after 40 days. The extract demonstrates insecticidal activity against the fourth-instar larvae of R. ferrugineus, with adults at 1197 µg/mL and 12.5 µg/larvae as LC50 and LD50 values. The extract inhibited acetylcholine esterase (AChE), acid phosphatases (ACPs), alkaline phosphatases (ALPs), and gamma-aminobutyric acid-transaminase (GABA-T) in larval tissue in vitro, with IC50 values of 124.2, 149.3, 157.8, and 204.8 µg/mL, and in vivo, with IC50 values of 157.2, 179.4, 185.3, and 241.6 µg/mL, after 24 h. Pure compounds identified the activity of the extract, showing the inhibition of AChE, ACPs, ALPs, and GABA-T with IC50 values ˂ 200 µg/mL (in vitro). The ABMET examination revealed good oral permeability, and docking tests showed that the compounds bind AChE, ACPs, ALPs, and GABA-T. These findings show that a green bioprocessing method such as an O. basilicum cell suspension is a quick and straightforward technique for producing phenolic compounds, and it may be used to develop sustainable bio-insecticides and new green procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Moustafa Darrag
- Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (E.H.H.); (H.T.A.)
- Pesticide Chemistry and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Hesham S. Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.G.); (N.K.A.)
- Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Mashail Nasser Alzain
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emadaldeen Hamad Hakami
- Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (E.H.H.); (H.T.A.)
| | - Hani Taher Almuhanna
- Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (E.H.H.); (H.T.A.)
| | - Nashi K. Alqahtani
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.G.); (N.K.A.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Huang Y, Feng ZF, Li F, Hou YM. Host-Encoded Aminotransferase Import into the Endosymbiotic Bacteria Nardonella of Red Palm Weevil. INSECTS 2024; 15:35. [PMID: 38249041 PMCID: PMC10816905 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Symbiotic systems are intimately integrated at multiple levels. Host-endosymbiont metabolic complementarity in amino acid biosynthesis is especially important for sap-feeding insects and their symbionts. In weevil-Nardonella endosymbiosis, the final step reaction of the endosymbiont tyrosine synthesis pathway is complemented by host-encoded aminotransferases. Based on previous results from other insects, we suspected that these aminotransferases were likely transported into the Nardonella cytoplasm to produce tyrosine. Here, we identified five aminotransferase genes in the genome of the red palm weevil. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we confirmed that RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A were specifically expressed in the bacteriome. RNA interference targeting these two aminotransferase genes reduced the tyrosine level in the bacteriome. The immunofluorescence-FISH double labeling localization analysis revealed that RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A were present within the bacteriocyte, where they colocalized with Nardonella cells. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the localization of RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A in the cytosol of Nardonella and the bacteriocyte. Our data revealed that RfGOT1 and RfGOT2A are transported into the Nardonella cytoplasm to collaborate with genes retained in the Nardonella genome in order to synthesize tyrosine. The results of our study will enhance the understanding of the integration of host and endosymbiont metabolism in amino acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - You-Ming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.H.); (Z.-F.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Niode NJ, Kepel BJ, Hessel SS, Kairupan TS, Tallei TE. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae: A novel source for combating broad-spectrum bacterial and fungal infections. Vet World 2024; 17:156-170. [PMID: 38406375 PMCID: PMC10884581 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.156-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern due to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which makes it difficult to treat infection. Due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against a diverse array of bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larval antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have demonstrated potential as antimicrobial agents for the treatment of microbial infections and prevention of antibiotic resistance. This study emphasizes the unexplored mechanisms of action of R. ferrugineus larvae against microorganisms. Among the most widely discussed mechanisms is the effect of AMPs in larvae in response to a threat or infection. Modulation of immune-related genes in the intestine and phagocytic capacity of its hemocytes may also affect the antimicrobial activity of R. ferrugineus larvae, with an increase in phenoloxidase activity possibly correlated with microbial clearance and survival rates of larvae. The safety and toxicity of R. ferrugineus larvae extracts, as well as their long-term efficacy, are also addressed in this paper. The implications of future research are explored in this paper, and it is certain that R. ferrugineus larvae have the potential to be developed as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with proper investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdjannah Jane Niode
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Billy Johnson Kepel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Safitri Hessel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indonesia Biodiversity and Biogeography Research Institute (INABIG), Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tara Sefanya Kairupan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Zhong B, Lv C, Li W, Li C, Chen T. Virulence of entomopathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16528. [PMID: 38054022 PMCID: PMC10695106 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is an important quarantine pest, which has caused serious economic losses in various palm species, such as coconut, oil palm and date palm. Finding effective biocontrol resources is important for the control of this pest and the protection of palm crops. Methods A pathogenic strain HJ-01 was isolated from infected and dead pupa of Tenebrio molitor using tissue separation method. The HJ-01 strain was streak cultured and purified, and its morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA homology were identified after conducting a pathogenicity test on RPW larvae. Results Strain HJ-01 exhibited remarkable pathogenicity against RPW larvae. Under the concentration of HJ-01 suspension was 1.0 × 108 cfu/mL, the mortality rate of RPW reached 82.22%, and the half-lethal time (LT50) was 4.72 days. RPW larvae infected with strain HJ-01 showed reduced movement, decreased appetite, and eventual death. As the treatment progresses, the larvae's bodies turned red, became soft, and started to rot, resulting in the discharge of liquid. HJ-01 demonstrated the ability to produce scarlet pigment after 24 h of culture on a basic medium. Colonies of HJ-01 appeared convex, bright red, moist, and viscous, opaque in the center, irregular at the edges, and emitted an unpleasant odor. Under microscopic observation, the cells of HJ-01 appeared as short rod-shaped and flagellate, with a size ranging from (1.2-1.8) μm × (1.0-1.2) μm. Genomic DNA extraction was performed on the strain, and the 16S rDNA sequence was amplified, yielding a sequence length of 1445 bp. The sequence of strain HJ-01 displayed a 99.72% similarity to that of Serratia marcescens. Phylogenetic tree analysis further confirmed that strain HJ-01 belonged to S. marcescens. Therefore, the strain HJ-01 has a very good lethal effect on RPW larvae, and it may be used as an effective bacterium for the control of RPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhu Zhong
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chaojun Lv
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wenlian Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan Province, China
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Ment D, Levy N, Allouche A, Davidovitz M, Yaacobi G. Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Prevention against Early Life Stages of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Laboratory and Greenhouse Trials. INSECTS 2023; 14:918. [PMID: 38132592 PMCID: PMC10743579 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a highly destructive invasive pest for palms whose management is mainly by application of synthetic pesticides. As a key pest of date palm plantations, it is necessary to integrate environmentally safe measures for its management. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been primarily studied as a preventative control measure due to the horizontal transfer of conidia within the RPW population. We previously demonstrated the horizontal transmission of fungal conidia from an egg-laying surface to the female weevil and then to the eggs and larvae. Based on that strategy, this study aimed to evaluate the virulence of commercial EPF products and laboratory EPF preparations to RPW females and their progeny, and their ability to protect palms against infestation. As such, it serves as a screening platform for field experiments. Mortality rates of females and eggs depended on the applied treatment formulation and fungal strain. Velifer®, a Beauveria bassiana product, and Metarhizium brunneum (Mb7) resulted in 60-88% female mortality. Mb7-as a conidial suspension or powder-resulted in 18-21% egg-hatching rates, approximately 3 times less than in the non-treated control. Treating palms with Mb7 suspension or dry formulation significantly inhibits infestation signs and results in protection. These results lay the foundation for investigating the protective rate of EPF products against RPW in date plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Noa Levy
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | | | - Michael Davidovitz
- Department of Entomology, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Gal Yaacobi
- Department of Entomology, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
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Naveed H, Andoh V, Islam W, Chen L, Chen K. Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm Ecosystems: Unveiling the Ecological Dynamics of Red Palm Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestations. INSECTS 2023; 14:859. [PMID: 37999058 PMCID: PMC10671898 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW) poses a significant threat to date palm ecosystems, highlighting the necessity of sustainable pest management strategies that carefully consider the delicate ecological balance within these environments. This comprehensive review delves into innovative approaches to sustainable pest management, specifically focusing on date palm, and seeks to unravel the intricate ecological dynamics underlying RPW infestations. We thoroughly analyze biocontrol methods, eco-friendly chemical interventions, and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, aiming to minimize the ecological impact while effectively addressing RPW infestations. By emphasizing the interplay of both living organisms (biotic) and environmental factors (abiotic) in shaping RPW dynamics, we advocate for a holistic and sustainable management approach that ensures the long-term resilience of date palm ecosystems. This review aims to contribute to an ecologically sound framework for pest management, promoting the sustainability and vitality of date palm ecosystems amidst the challenges posed by the RPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Naveed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.N.); (V.A.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Vivian Andoh
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.N.); (V.A.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.N.); (V.A.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Seman-Kamarulzaman AF, Pariamiskal FA, Azidi AN, Hassan M. A Review on Digestive System of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus as Potential Target to Develop Control Strategies. INSECTS 2023; 14:506. [PMID: 37367322 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, commonly known as red palm weevil (RPW), is a high-risk insect pest that has become a threat to many important palm species. There are several dominant factors that lead to the successful infestation of RPW, including its stealthy lifestyle, highly chitinized mouthpart, and high fecundity rate. Due to that, millions of dollars of losses have been suffered by many countries invaded by RPW. Several methods have been designed to control its invasion, including the usage of insecticides, but many cause resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, an environmentally friendly insecticide that targets specific systems or pathways in RPW is urgently needed. One of the potential targets is the digestive system of RPW, as it is the major interface between the insect and its plant host. The related knowledge of RPW's digestive system, such as the anatomy, microflora, transcriptomic analysis, and proteomic analysis, is important to understand its effects on RPW's survival. Several data from different omics regarding the digestive systems of RPW have been published in separate reports. Some of the potential targets have been reported to be inhibited by certain potential insecticides, while other targets have not yet been tested with any inhibitors. Hence, this review may lead to a better understanding on managing infestations of RPW using the system biology approach for its digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad-Faris Seman-Kamarulzaman
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka 26400, Pahang, Malaysia
| | | | - Amiratul Nabihah Azidi
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Stochastic Modelling of Red Palm Weevil Using Chemical Injection and Pheromone Traps. AXIOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/axioms11070334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the mathematical modelling of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in date palms using chemical control by utilizing injection and sex pheromone traps. A deterministic and stochastic model for RPW is proposed and analyzed. The existence of a positive global solution for the stochastic RPW model is investigated, and the conditions for the extinction of RPWs from the stochastic system are obtained. The adequate criteria for the presence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution for the RPW system are established by creating suitable Lyapunov functions. The impact of chemical injection and pheromone traps on RPW is demonstrated. The importance of environmental noise on RPW is highlighted and simulated using the Milstein method.
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