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Kostina A, Kiselev A, Huang A, Lankerd H, Caywood S, Jurado-Fernandez A, Volmert B, O'Hern C, Juhong A, Liu Y, Qiu Z, Park S, Aguirre A. Self-organizing human heart assembloids with autologous and developmentally relevant cardiac neural crest-derived tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.12.11.627627. [PMID: 39713343 PMCID: PMC11661279 DOI: 10.1101/2024.12.11.627627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a multipotent embryonic cell population of ectodermal origin that extensively migrate during early development and contribute to the formation of multiple tissues. Cardiac NCCs play a critical role in heart development by orchestrating outflow tract septation, valve formation, aortic arch artery patterning, parasympathetic innervation, and maturation of the cardiac conduction system. Abnormal migration, proliferation, or differentiation of cardiac NCCs can lead to severe congenital cardiovascular malformations. However, the complexity and timing of early embryonic heart development pose significant challenges to studying the molecular mechanisms underlying NCC-related cardiac pathologies. Here, we present a sophisticated functional model of human heart assembloids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, which, for the first time, recapitulates cardiac NCC integration into the human embryonic heart in vitro . NCCs successfully integrated at developmentally relevant stages into heart organoids, and followed developmental trajectories known to occur in the human heart. They demonstrated extensive migration, differentiated into cholinergic neurons capable of generating nerve impulses, and formed mature glial cells. Additionally, they contributed to the mesenchymal populations of the developing outflow tract. Through transcriptomic analysis, we revealed that NCCs acquire molecular features of their cardiac derivatives as heart assembloids develop. NCC-derived parasympathetic neurons formed functional connections with cardiomyocytes, promoting the maturation of the cardiac conduction system. Leveraging this model's cellular complexity and functional maturity, we uncovered that early exposure of NCCs to antidepressants harms the development of NCC derivatives in the context of the developing heart. The commonly prescribed antidepressant Paroxetine disrupted the expression of a critical early neuronal transcription factor, resulting in impaired parasympathetic innervation and functional deficits in cardiac tissue. This advanced heart assembloid model holds great promise for high-throughput drug screening and unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying NCC-related cardiac formation and congenital heart defects. IN BRIEF Human neural crest heart assembloids resembling the major directions of neural crest differentiation in the human embryonic heart, including parasympathetic innervation and the mesenchymal component of the outflow tract, provide a human-relevant embryonic platform for studying congenital heart defects and drug safety.
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Henderson DJ, Alqahtani A, Chaudhry B, Cook A, Eley L, Houyel L, Hughes M, Keavney B, de la Pompa JL, Sled J, Spielmann N, Teboul L, Zaffran S, Mill P, Liu KJ. Beyond genomic studies of congenital heart defects through systematic modelling and phenotyping. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050913. [PMID: 39575509 PMCID: PMC11603121 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs), the most common congenital anomalies, are considered to have a significant genetic component. However, despite considerable efforts to identify pathogenic genes in patients with CHDs, few gene variants have been proven as causal. The complexity of the genetic architecture underlying human CHDs likely contributes to this poor genetic discovery rate. However, several other factors are likely to contribute. For example, the level of patient phenotyping required for clinical care may be insufficient for research studies focused on mechanistic discovery. Although several hundred mouse gene knockouts have been described with CHDs, these are generally not phenotyped and described in the same way as CHDs in patients, and thus are not readily comparable. Moreover, most patients with CHDs carry variants of uncertain significance of crucial cardiac genes, further complicating comparisons between humans and mouse mutants. In spite of major advances in cardiac developmental biology over the past 25 years, these advances have not been well communicated to geneticists and cardiologists. As a consequence, the latest data from developmental biology are not always used in the design and interpretation of studies aimed at discovering the genetic causes of CHDs. In this Special Article, while considering other in vitro and in vivo models, we create a coherent framework for accurately modelling and phenotyping human CHDs in mice, thereby enhancing the translation of genetic and genomic studies into the causes of CHDs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Henderson
- MRC National Mouse Genetics Network, Congenital Anomalies Cluster, Harwell, OX11 0RD, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ahlam Alqahtani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Andrew Cook
- University College London, Zayed Centre for Research, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Lorraine Eley
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lucile Houyel
- Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Unit, M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université Paris Cité, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marina Hughes
- Cardiology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - John Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1XS, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1XS, Canada
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich (GmbH), German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Teboul
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Stephane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC National Mouse Genetics Network, Congenital Anomalies Cluster, Harwell, OX11 0RD, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Karen J. Liu
- MRC National Mouse Genetics Network, Congenital Anomalies Cluster, Harwell, OX11 0RD, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Piñeiro-Sabarís R, MacGrogan D, de la Pompa JL. Deficient GATA6-CXCR7 signaling leads to bicuspid aortic valve. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050934. [PMID: 39253784 PMCID: PMC11413932 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The cardiac outflow tract (OFT) transiently links the ventricles to the aortic sac and forms the arterial valves. Abnormalities in these valves, such as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), are common congenital anomalies. GATA6-inactivating variants cause cardiac OFT defects and BAV, but their mechanisms are unclear. We generated Gata6STOP/+ mice using CRISPR-Cas9, which show highly penetrant BAV (70%) and membranous ventricular septal defects (43%). These mice exhibited decreased proliferation and increased ISL1-positive progenitor cells in the OFT, indicating abnormal cardiovascular differentiation. Gata6 deletion with the Mef2cCre driver line recapitulated Gata6STOP/+ phenotypes, indicating a cell-autonomous role for Gata6 in the second heart field. Gata6STOP/+ mice showed reduced OFT length and caliber, associated with deficient cardiac neural crest cell contribution, which may cause valvulo-septal defects. RNA-sequencing analysis showed depletion in pathways related to cell proliferation and migration, highlighting Cxcr7 (also known as Ackr3) as a candidate gene. Reduced mesenchymal cell migration and invasion were observed in Gata6STOP/+ OFT tissue. CXCR7 agonists reduced mesenchymal cell migration and increased invasion in wild-type but not in Gata6STOP/+ explants, indicating the GATA6-dependent role of CXCR7 in OFT development and its potential link to BAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Skvortsova L, Perfilyeva A, Bespalova K, Kuzovleva Y, Kabysheva N, Khamdiyeva O. 7p22.3 microdeletion: a case study of a patient with congenital heart defect, neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:301. [PMID: 39152504 PMCID: PMC11330011 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 7 has regions enriched with low copy repeats (LCRs), which increase the likelihood of chromosomal microdeletion disorders. Documented microdeletion disorders on chromosome 7 include both well-known Williams syndrome and more rare cases. It is noteworthy that most cases of various microdeletions are characterized by phenotypic signs of neuropsychological developmental disorders, which, however, have a different genetic origin. The localization of the microdeletions, the genes included in the region, as well as the structural features of the sequences of these genes have a cumulative influence on the phenotypic characteristics of the individuals for each specific case and the severity of the manifestations of disorders. The consideration of these features and their detailed analysis is important for a correct and comprehensive assessment of the disease. RESULTS The article describes a clinical case of 7p22.3 microdeletion in a patient with congenital heart defect and neurological abnormalities - epilepsy, combined with moderate mental and motor developmental delay. CONCLUSIONS Through detailed genetic analyses, we are improving the clinical description of the rare 7p22.3 microdeletion and thus creating a basis for future genetic counseling and research into targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Skvortsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Anastassiya Perfilyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Kira Bespalova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan.
| | - Yelena Kuzovleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Nailya Kabysheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Ozada Khamdiyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
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Karas Kuželički N, Doljak B. Congenital Heart Disease and Genetic Changes in Folate/Methionine Cycles. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:872. [PMID: 39062651 PMCID: PMC11276067 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common congenital malformations and thus represents a considerable public health burden. Hence, the identification of individuals and families with an increased genetic predisposition to congenital heart disease (CHD) and its possible prevention is important. Even though CHD is associated with the lack of folate during early pregnancy, the genetic background of folate and methionine metabolism perturbations and their influence on CHD risk is not clear. While some genes, such as those coding for cytosolic enzymes of folate/methionine cycles, have been extensively studied, genetic studies of folate transporters (de)glutamation enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes of the folate cycle are lacking. Among genes coding for cytoplasmic enzymes of the folate cycle, MTHFR, MTHFD1, MTR, and MTRR have the strongest association with CHD, while among genes for enzymes of the methionine cycle BHMT and BHMT2 are the most prominent. Among mitochondrial folate cycle enzymes, MTHFD2 plays the most important role in CHD formation, while FPGS was identified as important in the group of (de)glutamation enzymes. Among transporters, the strongest association with CHD was demonstrated for SLC19A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Karas Kuželički
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Doljak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Soliman O, Acharya Y, Gilard M, Duffy G, Wijns W, Kannan V, Sultan S. Systematic review of cardiovascular neurocristopathy-contemporary insights and future perspectives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1333265. [PMID: 38660479 PMCID: PMC11040563 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1333265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent and are attributed to the combination of complex multimodal gene regulatory mechanisms. Cardiac neural crest (CNC) cells, originating from the dorsal neural tube, are pivotal architects of the cardio-neuro-vascular domain, which orchestrates the embryogenesis of critical cardiac and vascular structures. Remarkably, while the scientific community compiled a comprehensive inventory of neural crest derivatives by the early 1980s, our understanding of the CNC's role in various cardiovascular disease processes still needs to be explored. This review delves into the differentiation of NCC, specifically the CNC cells, and explores the diverse facets of non-syndromic cardiovascular neurocristopathies. Methods A systematic review was conducted as per the PRISMA Statement. Three prominent databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, were searched, which yielded 1,840 studies. We excluded 1,796 studies, and the final selection of 44 studies formed the basis of this comprehensive review. Results Neurocristopathies are a group of genetic disorders that affect the development of cells derived from the NC. Cardiovascular neurocristopathy, i.e., cardiopathy and vasculopathy, associated with the NCC could occur in the form of (1) cardiac septation disorders, mainly the aortico-pulmonary septum; (2) great vessels and vascular disorders; (3) myocardial dysfunction; and (4) a combination of all three phenotypes. This could result from abnormalities in NCC migration, differentiation, or proliferation leading to structural abnormalities and are attributed to genetic, familial, sporadic or acquired causes. Discussion Phenotypic characteristics of cardiovascular neurocristopathies, such as bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm, share a common embryonic origin and are surprisingly prevalent in the general population, necessitating further research to identify the underlying pathogenic and genetic factors responsible for these cardiac anomalies. Such discoveries are essential for enhancing diagnostic screening and refining therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving the lives of individuals affected by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Soliman
- Department of Cardiology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yogesh Acharya
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Western Vascular Institute, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martine Gilard
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Cardiology, La Cavale Blanche Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Garry Duffy
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- Department of Cardiology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Venkatesh Kannan
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sherif Sultan
- CORRIB-CURAM-Vascular Group Collaborators, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Western Vascular Institute, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Surgery, Galway Clinic, Doughiska, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University of Galway Affiliated Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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Larsen LA, Hitz MP. Human Genetics of Atrial Septal Defect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:467-480. [PMID: 38884726 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Although atrial septal defects (ASD) can be subdivided based on their anatomical location, an essential aspect of human genetics and genetic counseling is distinguishing between isolated and familiar cases without extracardiac features and syndromic cases with the co-occurrence of extracardiac abnormalities, such as developmental delay. Isolated or familial cases tend to show genetic alterations in genes related to important cardiac transcription factors and genes encoding for sarcomeric proteins. By contrast, the spectrum of genes with genetic alterations observed in syndromic cases is diverse. Currently, it points to different pathways and gene networks relevant to the dysregulation of cardiomyogenesis and ASD pathogenesis. Therefore, this chapter reflects the current knowledge and highlights stable associations observed in human genetics studies. It gives an overview of the different types of genetic alterations in these subtypes, including common associations based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and it highlights the most frequently observed syndromes associated with ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department for Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Kim EE, Shekhar A, Ramachandran J, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Liu FY, Zhang J, Fishman GI. The transcription factor EBF1 non-cell-autonomously regulates cardiac growth and differentiation. Development 2023; 150:dev202054. [PMID: 37787076 PMCID: PMC10652039 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between non-myocytes and cardiomyocytes regulate cardiac growth and differentiation. Here, we report that the transcription factor Ebf1 is highly expressed in non-myocytes and potently regulates heart development. Ebf1-deficient hearts display myocardial hypercellularity and reduced cardiomyocyte size, ventricular conduction system hypoplasia, and conduction system disease. Growth abnormalities in Ebf1 knockout hearts are observed as early as embryonic day 13.5. Transcriptional profiling of Ebf1-deficient embryonic cardiac non-myocytes demonstrates dysregulation of Polycomb repressive complex 2 targets, and ATAC-Seq reveals altered chromatin accessibility near many of these same genes. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in cardiomyocytes isolated from E13.5 hearts of wild-type and mutant mice reveals significant enrichment of MYC targets and, consistent with this finding, we observe increased abundance of MYC in mutant hearts. EBF1-deficient non-myocytes, but not wild-type non-myocytes, are sufficient to induce excessive accumulation of MYC in co-cultured wild-type cardiomyocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that BMP signaling induces Ebf1 expression in embryonic heart cultures and controls a gene program enriched in EBF1 targets. These data reveal a previously unreported non-cell-autonomous pathway controlling cardiac growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene E. Kim
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Ramachandran
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Fang-Yu Liu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Bobos D, Soufla G, Angouras DC, Lekakis I, Georgopoulos S, Melissari E. Investigation of the Role of BMP2 and -4 in ASD, VSD and Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2717. [PMID: 37627976 PMCID: PMC10453726 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart malformations (CHMs) make up between 2 and 3% of annual human births. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signalling is required for chamber myocardium development. We examined for possible molecular defects in the bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 4 (BMP2, -4) genes by sequencing analysis of all coding exons, as well as possible transcription or protein expression deregulation by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, in 52 heart biopsies with congenital malformations (atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy ofFallot (ToF) and complex cases) compared to 10 non-congenital heart disease (CHD) hearts. No loss of function mutations was found; only synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP2 and BMP4 genes were found. Deregulation of the mRNA expression and co-expression profile of the two genes (BMP2/BMP4) was observed in the affected compared to the normal hearts. BMP2 and -4 protein expression levels were similar in normal and affected hearts. This is the first study assessing the role of BMP-2 and 4 in congenital heart malformations. Our analysis did not reveal molecular defects in the BMP2 and -4 genes that could support a causal relationship with the congenital defects present in our patients. Importantly, sustained mRNA and protein expression of BMP2 and -4 in CHD cases compared to controls indicates possible temporal epigenetic, microRNA or post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms governing the initial stages of cardiac malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bobos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giannoula Soufla
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios C. Angouras
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lekakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Athens Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Georgopoulos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Euthemia Melissari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
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Wu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Feng J, Xia H, Zhang Y, Li J. Associated congenital heart disease with Hirschsprung's disease: a retrospective cohort study on 2,174 children. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1215473. [PMID: 37636298 PMCID: PMC10450952 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the incidence and phenotypes of congenital heart disease (CHD) in a large cohort of patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Study design Retrospective data review of children with HSCR between 2003 and 2020 was conducted at the Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Birth Defects in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. HSCR was confirmed by pathological diagnosis. CHD was defined as a gross structural abnormality of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels that is of functional significance. Results A total of 2,174 HSCR patients (84.7% males) were studied and 306 of them underwent echocardiography. Overall, 27 children (1.2%) had associated CHD. Among them, CHDs mostly presented as atrial and ventricular septal defects (n = 5 and 12 respectively) and patent ductus arteriosus (n = 4). Three patients (1.4‰) presented as a severe CHD including complete atrioventricular canal, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and double-outlet of right ventricle. Among 14 patients carrying a chromosomal abnormality, CHD was detected in 4 infants (28.6%), all being mild forms of septal defects. Conclusions Some new and severe types of CHD were found in patients with HSCR. Patients with syndromic features had higher incidence of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Research Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Physiology Laboratory, Research Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Parker LE, Kurzlechner LM, Landstrom AP. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Modeling of Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:295-305. [PMID: 36930454 PMCID: PMC10726018 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital heart disease includes a wide variety of structural cardiac defects, the most severe of which are single ventricle defects (SVD). These patients suffer from significant morbidity and mortality; however, our understanding of the developmental etiology of these conditions is limited. Model organisms offer a window into normal and abnormal cardiogenesis yet often fail to recapitulate complex congenital heart defects seen in patients. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with single-ventricle defects opens the door to studying SVD in patient-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a variety of different contexts, including organoids and chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. As the genetic and cellular causes of SVD are not well defined, patient-derived iPSC-CMs hold promise for uncovering mechanisms of disease development and serve as a platform for testing therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in iPSC-based models of SVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in patient-derived iPSC-CM differentiation, as well as the development of both chamber-specific and non-myocyte cardiac cell types, make it possible to model the complex genetic and molecular architecture involved in SVD development. Moreover, iPSC models have become increasingly complex with the generation of 3D organoids and engineered cardiac tissues which open the door to new mechanistic insight into SVD development. Finally, iPSC-CMs have been used in proof-of-concept studies that the molecular underpinnings of SVD may be targetable for future therapies. While each platform has its advantages and disadvantages, the use of patient-derived iPSC-CMs offers a window into patient-specific cardiogenesis and SVD development. Advancement in stem-cell based modeling of SVD promises to revolutionize our understanding of the developmental etiology of SVD and provides a tool for developing and testing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leonie M Kurzlechner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2652, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Erhardt S, Wang J. Cardiac Neural Crest and Cardiac Regeneration. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010111. [PMID: 36611905 PMCID: PMC9818523 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a vertebrate-specific, multipotent stem cell population that have the ability to migrate and differentiate into various cell populations throughout the embryo during embryogenesis. The heart is a muscular and complex organ whose primary function is to pump blood and nutrients throughout the body. Mammalian hearts, such as those of humans, lose their regenerative ability shortly after birth. However, a few vertebrate species, such as zebrafish, have the ability to self-repair/regenerate after cardiac damage. Recent research has discovered the potential functional ability and contribution of cardiac NCCs to cardiac regeneration through the use of various vertebrate species and pluripotent stem cell-derived NCCs. Here, we review the neural crest's regenerative capacity in various tissues and organs, and in particular, we summarize the characteristics of cardiac NCCs between species and their roles in cardiac regeneration. We further discuss emerging and future work to determine the potential contributions of NCCs for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zheng M, Erhardt S, Ai D, Wang J. Bmp Signaling Regulates Hand1 in a Dose-Dependent Manner during Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189835. [PMID: 34576009 PMCID: PMC8465227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling pathway and the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor Hand1 are known key regulators of cardiac development. In this study, we investigated the Bmp signaling regulation of Hand1 during cardiac outflow tract (OFT) development. In Bmp2 and Bmp4loss-of-function embryos with varying levels of Bmp in the heart, Hand1 is sensitively decreased in response to the dose of Bmp expression. In contrast, Hand1 in the heart is dramatically increased in Bmp4 gain-of-function embryos. We further identified and characterized the Bmp/Smad regulatory elements in Hand1. Combined transfection assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicated that Hand1 is directly activated and bound by Smads. In addition, we found that upon the treatment of Bmp2 and Bmp4, P19 cells induced Hand1 expression and favored cardiac differentiation. Together, our data indicated that the Bmp signaling pathway directly regulates Hand1 expression in a dose-dependent manner during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Di Ai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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