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Marin-Jimenez N, Perez-Bey A, Cruz-Leon C, Conde-Caveda J, Segura-Jimenez V, Castro-Piñero J, Cuenca-Garcia M. Criterion-related validity and reliability of the standing long jump test in adults: The Adult-Fit project. Eur J Sport Sci 2024. [PMID: 39167610 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the criterion-related validity and the reliability of the standing long jump test (SLJ) for evaluating the lower-body explosive muscular strength in adults. A total of 410 adults participated in this study. Sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, laboratory lower-body muscular strength tests, and the field-based SLJ were performed. In validity analysis, stepwise regression analysis showed that maximal horizontal power, sex, percentage of body fat, maximal horizontal force, and lean mass were significantly associated with the SLJ distance (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.001). Reliability analysis showed significant differences between test-retest in the SLJ test, with an overestimation of the second measurement compared to the first [12.14 ± 14.46 cm, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94 (0.75-0.97), p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.31]. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 7.06% and the minimal detectable change (MDC90) was 29 cm. After a learning period, higher reliability values were found [0.45 ± 1.04 cm, ICC = 1.00 (0.99-1.00); p = 0.001; CV = 0.53 %; MDC90 = 1 cm]. The SLJ test may be a valid tool to assess lower-body explosive muscular strength in the adult population. A learning period may be necessary to provide reliability on the SLJ test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marin-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carolina Cruz-Leon
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Julio Conde-Caveda
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Victor Segura-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- UGC Neurotraumatología y Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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Louter F, Knoop V, Demarteau J, Freiberger E, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Maier AB, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Bautmans I. Instruments for measuring the neuromuscular function domain of vitality capacity in older persons: an umbrella review. Eur Geriatr Med 2024:10.1007/s41999-024-01017-7. [PMID: 38977617 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-024-01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, handgrip, knee extensor and respiratory muscle strength were proposed as candidate biomarkers to assess the neuromuscular function of vitality capacity in older persons. This umbrella review aims to provide an overview of the available instruments and their measurement properties to assess these biomarkers. METHODS The databases PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were systematically screened for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting on handgrip, knee extensor or respiratory muscle strength assessments, resulting in 7,555 articles. The COSMIN checklist was used to appraise psychometric properties and the AMSTAR for assessing methodological quality. RESULTS Twenty-seven systematic reviews were included in this study. Some of the identified reviews described the psychometric properties of the assessment tools. We found five assessment tools that can be used to measure neuromuscular function in the context of healthy ageing. Those are the handheld dynamometer for handgrip strength, the dynamometer for knee extensor strength and regarding respiratory muscle strength, the sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). CONCLUSION The handheld dynamometer for hand grip strength, the dynamometer for knee extensor strength, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, MIP and MEP were identified. Therefore, these assessments could be used to identify community-dwelling older adults at risk for a declined neuromuscular function in the context of vitality capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Louter
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing research unit (FRIA), Vitality research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Physiotherapy, SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Knoop
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing research unit (FRIA), Vitality research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Physiotherapy, SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demarteau
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing research unit (FRIA), Vitality research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Physiotherapy, SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Freiberger
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Exercise Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty & Resilience in Ageing research unit (FRIA), Vitality research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Gerontology department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Geriatric Physiotherapy, SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
- Geriatrics department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Bonikowske AR, Taylor JL, Larson KF, Hardwick J, Ozemek C, Harber MP, Kaminsky LA, Arena R, Lavie CJ. Evaluating current assessment techniques of cardiorespiratory fitness. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:231-241. [PMID: 38855917 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2363393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considerable and convincing global data from cohorts across the health spectrum (i.e. apparently healthy to known disease) indicate that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major predictor of overall and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-survival, seemingly with greater prognostic resolution compared to other traditional CVD risk factors. Therefore, the assessment of CRF in research and clinical settings is of major importance. AREAS COVERED In this manuscript, we review the technology of measuring CRF assessed by the 'gold standard,' cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), as well as with various other methods (e.g. estimated metabolic equivalents, 6-minute walk tests, shuttle tests, and non-exercise equations that estimate CRF), all of which provide significant prognostic information for CVD- and all-cause survival. The literature through May 2024 has been cited. EXPERT OPINION The promotion of physical activity in efforts to improve levels of CRF is needed throughout the world to improve lifespan and, more importantly, healthspan. The routine assessment of CRF should be considered a vital sign that is routinely assessed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna L Taylor
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn F Larson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joel Hardwick
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew P Harber
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Lenny A Kaminsky
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Alexander M, Machado L. Chronic exercise and neuropsychological function in healthy young adults: a randomised controlled trial investigating a running intervention. Cogn Process 2024; 25:241-258. [PMID: 38421460 PMCID: PMC11106121 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-known physical and mental health benefits of regular exercise, many of the world's population, including healthy young adults, grossly undershoot recommended physical activity levels. Chronic exercise has potential to improve cognitive performance and affect in most age groups. However, there is currently a poverty of relevant research in young adults, especially randomised controlled trials. To address this, the current research investigated the effects of a running intervention on neuropsychological function (cognition and affect) in young adults. We predicted that following a running intervention, neuropsychological performance would improve alongside increases in aerobic fitness. Thirty-two healthy young adult university students were randomised (using a 3:1 ratio) into an intervention or control group, with the intervention group (n = 24) asked to run for 30 min three times a week over a 6-week period and the control group (n = 8) asked to maintain their current level of exercise over a 6-week period. We assessed fitness, cognitive performance, affect and running enjoyment at baseline and follow-up, and runners recorded the environmental conditions of their runs. Repeated measures ANCOVAs failed to find any significant effects of the running intervention on fitness or the neuropsychological measures. Anecdotal evidence supported running environment and enjoyment as potentially relevant factors. The failure to find any fitness improvements, which likely underpins the lack of neuropsychological improvements, highlights the importance of monitoring exercise sessions. Coupled with other insights gained from this trial, this article may prove useful towards future endeavours to develop exercise interventions beneficial to young adults.TRN: ACTRN12621000242820, Date of registration: 08/03/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi Alexander
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, William James Building, 275 Leith Walk, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, William James Building, 275 Leith Walk, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
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5
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Segura-Jiménez V, Tsiarleston G, Donoso B, Gil-Gutiérrez YM, Delgado-Fernández M. Association of Muscle Strength, Psychological Factors, and Central Sensitization With Movement-Evoked Pain in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: The BACKFIT Project. Sports Health 2024:19417381241235152. [PMID: 38566303 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241235152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with chronic pain might evade certain movements to prevent their experience of pain. Movement-evoked pain (MEP) might induce lower functionality during daily activities. HYPOTHESIS (1) MEP after physical fitness tests would vary depending on the main musculature involved in the test; (2) physical and psychological factors would be associated with MEP in patients with NSCLBP. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional design. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 104 (69 women) patients aged 51.0 ± 10.3 years with NSCLBP participated. MEP was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and immediately after performing each physical fitness test, that is, the Biering-Sørensen, prone bridging, handgrip, chair-stand, and 8-foot time-up-and-go tests, measuring back extensor, back flexor, upper- and lower-body muscle strength, and motor agility, respectively. Global muscle strength was calculated with normalized index (z-score) procedure. Depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and central sensitization were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II, State Trait Anxiety Inventory I, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), respectively. RESULTS Patients showed greater pain after completion of the Biering-Sørensen (mean difference 95% CI, 0.02, 1.11), prone bridging (0.15, 1.21), lower pain after handgrip (-1.46, -0.52), and the 8-foot time-up-and-go (-1.43, 0.46) tests (all P ≤ 0.04). Lower global muscular strength (β between -0.18 and -0.30), and greater pain catastrophizing (β = 0.16), and CSI scoring (β between 0.18 and 0.27) were associated with greater MEP (all P ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSION Greater MEP was observed after tests measuring core musculature strength than after tests measuring distal (limbs) strength and agility. Greater MEP was overall associated with lower muscle strength, greater pain catastrophizing, and central sensitization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fitness testing might be implemented as a complementary tool for the monitoring of NSCLBP in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Segura-Jiménez
- UGC Neurotraumatología y Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, Granada, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gavriella Tsiarleston
- Physical Activity for Health Promotion (PA-HELP) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Belén Donoso
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Delgado-Fernández
- Physical Activity for Health Promotion (PA-HELP) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
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6
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Leuschner M, Grauduszus M, Friesen D, Ferrari N, Klaudius M, Joisten C. The 6-minute Run Test: Validation and Reference Equations for Adults. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:222-230. [PMID: 38113901 PMCID: PMC10907109 DOI: 10.1055/a-2206-5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Endurance performance tests directly measuring cardiorespiratory fitness are complex, but field tests indirectly assessing maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) are an alternative. This study aimed to validate the 6-minute run test in adults, comparing it to the established shuttle run test, and to create reference equations. The cross-over design involved healthy adults aged 18-65 undertaking both tests, separated by a two-hour interval. The 6-minute run test required participants to run around a volleyball court for six minutes, aiming to maximize distance covered. The shuttle run involved participants covering 20 meters in defined time intervals at increasing speeds. Parameters measured included 6-minute run test distance, heart rates, calculated maximum oxygen uptake during the shuttle run, and total shuttle count. The study enrolled 250 participants (134 men and 116 women). Men averaged 1195.7 m (SD=161.4), while women averaged 1051.2 m (SD=148.0) in six minutes. The strongest correlation was found between the distance covered in the 6-minute run test and the total shuttle count (r=0.91, p<0.001). Two predictive models for 6-minute run test distance were developed and normative values for different sex-specific age clusters were established. The study showed that the 6-minute run test is valid as a practical endurance test for adults aged 18-65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Leuschner
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Department for physical
activity in public health, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln,
Germany
| | - Martin Grauduszus
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Department for physical
activity in public health, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln,
Germany
| | - David Friesen
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Department for physical
activity in public health, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln,
Germany
| | - Nina Ferrari
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Department for physical
activity in public health, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln,
Germany
- Cologne Centre for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/Heart
Centre Cologne, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Marlen Klaudius
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Department for physical
activity in public health, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln,
Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, Department for physical
activity in public health, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln,
Germany
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Heng PP, Mohd Yusoff H, Hod R. Individual evaluation of fatigue at work to enhance the safety performance in the construction industry: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287892. [PMID: 38324557 PMCID: PMC10849240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction industry is recognized as one of the most hazardous industries globally due to the dynamic on site activities and labour-intensive characteristics. The construction tasks are physically and cognitively demanding therefore the construction workers are prone to work fatigue which compromises safety performance. The evaluation of fit for duty, or fitness for work (FFW) aims to determine if workers are at risk of adverse impacts of ill-health, injury or accidents. This systematic review aimed to critically summarize up-to-date measures and evaluation tools that were employed to monitor work fitness or fatigue specifically among construction workers. Adhering with the PRISMA protocol, three databases were searched from the inception to 2022, with a total combination of 37 keywords, concluding to the selection of 20 relevant articles. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used as the guide for the study appraisal. A total of 20 articles were reviewed, published from 2008-2022. Majority of the studies employed experimental design. The review identified the subjective evaluation scales and objective measurement tool. The subjective self-response questionnaires can be categorized into single dimension or multidimension covering both physical and mental fitness; whereas the objective measurement tool can be categorized into physiological metrics, physical and cognitive performance measure. The available scientific evidence has raised the relevant issues for on-site practicality and potentially guide the formulation of evidence-based guidelines for the FFW assessment in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei Heng
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanizah Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Castro-Piñero J, Aragón-Aragón P, Cruz-León C, Jiménez-Iglesias J, Camiletti-Moirón D, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Cuenca-García M. Time measurement validity and reliability of the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test in adult population: The ADULT-FIT project. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:553-560. [PMID: 37689545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.08.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the time measurement validity and reliability (between raters and test-retest) of the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test to assess motor fitness in adults, according to gender, age, and physical activity levels. DESIGN Cross-sectional. A total of 230 adults (86 women) aged 18-64 years participated in the study. METHODS The time taken to complete the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test was recorded simultaneously by a trained and an untrained rater (inter-rater reliability) and by photoelectric cells (time measurement validity). 48-72 h later, the test was repeated under the same conditions (test-retest reliability). RESULTS The systematic error for trained rater vs. photocell was close to zero (0.0125, p < 0.01), with an effect size of 0.006; and for both, untrained rater vs. photocell and trained rater vs. untrained rater was ∼0.2 s (p < 0.001) with an effect size of 0.09. For the test-retest reliability, the systematic error was 0.05 s (p < 0.001), with an effect size of 0.26, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.998 and the coefficient of variation reported a variability of 0.73 %. Results were not influenced by gender and age, while these improved for active vs. non-active participants. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that measurements with trained raters are a valid and reliable method for assessing the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test in adults. It is highly recommended that raters be trained to minimize the measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain
| | - Pedro Aragón-Aragón
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carolina Cruz-León
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain
| | - José Jiménez-Iglesias
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain; Sport Science Department Cádiz C.F., Cádiz C.F., Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain.
| | - Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain
| | - Magdalena Cuenca-García
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Spain
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Söderlund EE, Kyröläinen H, Laitinen-Vapaavuori OM, Hyytiäinen HK. Proposed Protocol for Field Testing of Endurance Fitness of Young Labrador Retrievers. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:61. [PMID: 37489428 PMCID: PMC10366876 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of dogs and, with it, dog sports are growing in popularity, and the training of dogs begins at an early age. Although fitness testing is an imperative part of purposeful training and sports, to our knowledge, no objective field tests are available for measuring young dogs' endurance fitness. The aim of this study is to describe a simple, easy-to-repeat, and inexpensive way to test training intervention effects on endurance fitness in young Labrador Retrievers. Healthy client-owned 16-week-old Labrador Retrievers will be recruited and divided into test and control groups. The test group will have an eight-week training program followed by a four-week detraining period, while the control group will live a normal puppy life. All dogs will be tested for endurance fitness four times at four-week intervals: at baseline, one month later, two months later at the end of the training period, and one month after ending the training program. Each of the four testing sessions will be identical and will consist of four measurements of heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BL): at baseline, after trotting 1000 m, after sprinting 200 m, and at recovery 5-8 min after the sprint. The training-induced changes in endurance fitness are evaluated by changes in HR and heart rate recovery times (HRR), BL, and running times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella-Erika Söderlund
- Department of Clinical Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Outi M Laitinen-Vapaavuori
- Department of Clinical Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli K Hyytiäinen
- Department of Clinical Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Bachelor EP, Kilmer S, Porcari JP, Gamio S. A Prospective, Open-Label Study to Evaluate Functional Changes Following Electromagnetic Muscle Stimulation of Abdominal Muscle. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2023; 5:ojad045. [PMID: 37333709 PMCID: PMC10270651 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electromagnetic muscle stimulation (EMMS) is an effective, well-tolerated noninvasive body contouring treatment for strengthening, toning, and firming the abdomen. Objectives In this study, functional changes following abdominal EMMS treatment wereevaluated. Methods In this prospective, open-label study, adults received 8 abdominal EMMS treatments (2 treatments on nonconsecutive days/week over 4 weeks). Follow-ups occurred 1 month (primary endpoint), 2, and 3 months postfinal treatment. Effectiveness endpoints included improvements from baseline on Body Satisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ; primary endpoint), core strength (timed plank test), abdominal endurance (curl-up test), and Subject Experience Questionnaire (SEQ). Safety was evaluated throughout. Results Sixteen participants (68.8% female) were enrolled, with a mean age of 39.3 years and a mean BMI of 24.4 kg/m2; 14 participants completed the study per protocol. Mean BSQ scores were significantly improved from baseline (27.9) to the 1-month follow-up (36.6; P < .05). Core strength and abdominal endurance were significantly greater at the 1-, 2-, and 3-month posttreatment time points than at baseline (P < .05). Frequently cited reasons for seeking EMMS treatment included a desire to feel stronger (100%; n = 14/14) and to improve athletic performance (100%; n = 14/14). SEQ responses 3 months posttreatment showed that most participants reported feeling stronger (92.9%) and motivated to receive additional EMMS treatments (100%) and work out to maintain treatment results (100%). The majority of participants (>78%) reported being "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with abdominal treatment 1 month posttreatment. One device- and/or procedure-related adverse event of menstrual cycle irregularity was reported in 1 participant and was mild in severity. Conclusions EMMS treatment of the abdomen is associated with functional strength improvements and high patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Bachelor
- Corresponding Author: Dr Eric P. Bachelor, 1387 Santa Rita Rd, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA. E-mail:
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11
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Marin-Jimenez N, Sánchez-Parente S, Expósito-Carrillo P, Jiménez-Iglesias J, Álvarez-Gallardo IC, Cuenca-Garcia M, Castro-Piñero J. Criterion-related validity and reliability of the 2-km walk test and the 20-m shuttle run test in adults: the role of sex, age and physical activity level. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00043-9. [PMID: 36990865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the criterion-related validity and the reliability of fitness field tests for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, by sex, age, and physical activity level. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS During 3 weeks, sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, a treadmill maximal test, the 2-km walk test, and the 20-m SRT were performed in 410 adults aged 18-64 years. Measured and estimated VO2max (by Oja's and Leger's equations) were analyzed. RESULTS Measured VO2max was associated with estimated VO2max by the 2-km walk test and 20-m SRT (r = 0.784 and r = 0.875, respectively; both p < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of -0.30 ml* kg-1 * min-1 (p < 0.001, d = -0.141) in the 2-km walk test, and 0.86 ml* kg-1 * min-1 (p = 0.051) in the 20-m SRT. Significant mean differences between test and retest were found in the time to complete the 2-km walk test (-1.48 ± 0.51 s, p = 0.004, d = -0.014) and in the final stage reached in the 20-m SRT (0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.002, d = 0.015). Non-significant differences were found between test and retest in the estimated VO2max by Oja's (-0.29 ± 0.20 ml* kg-1 * min-1, p > 0.05) and Leger's eqs. (0.03 ± 0.04 ml* kg-1 * min-1, p > 0.05). Moreover, both test results and estimated VO2max equations showed a high test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS Both tests were valid and reliable for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults aged 18-64 years, regardless of sex, age, and physical activity level.
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Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020353. [PMID: 36832482 PMCID: PMC9955734 DOI: 10.3390/children10020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although research supports the feasibility and reliability of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) tests in typically developing children and adolescents, little is known regarding the feasibility and reliability of these tests for those with hearing impairments (HI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a HRPF test battery for children and adolescents with HI. A test-retest design with a one-week interval was conducted with 26 participants with HI (mean age: 12.7 ± 2.8 years; 9 male). The feasibility and reliability of seven field-based HRPF tests (i.e., body mass index, grip strength, standing long jump, vital capacity, long distance run, sit-and-reach, one leg stand) were evaluated. All the tests showed high feasibility (completion rate > 90%). Six tests indicated good to excellent test-retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.75) while the one leg stand test showed poor reliability (ICC = 0.36). Relatively large percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%) and minimal detectable change (MDC%) were observed in the sit-and-reach test (SEM% = 52.4%, MDC% = 145.2%) and one leg stand test (SEM% = 107.9%, MDC% = 299.2%), whereas the rest of the tests demonstrated reasonable SEM% and MDC% values. Collectively, most of the tests can be feasibly and reliably used to assess HRPF for children and adolescents with HI.
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Janssen TI, Voelcker-Rehage C. Leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity and the physical activity paradox in healthcare workers: A systematic overview of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 141:104470. [PMID: 36966711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity positively influences cardiovascular health. Results from male-dominated physically active occupations suggest that a high level of occupational physical activity may be detrimental to cardiovascular health. This observation is referred to as the physical activity paradox. Whether this phenomenon can also be observed in female-dominated occupations remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide an overview of (1) leisure-time and occupational physical activity in healthcare workers. Therefore, we reviewed studies (2) to assess the relationship between the two physical activity domains and analyzed (3) their effects on cardiovascular health outcomes in relation to the paradox. METHODS Five databases (CINAHAL, PubMed, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Web of Science) were systematically searched. Both authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts and assessed the quality of the studies using the National Institutes of Health's quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. All studies that assessed leisure-time and occupational physical activity in healthcare workers were included. The two authors independently rated the risk of bias using the ROBINS-E tool. The body of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS The review included 17 studies that assessed the leisure-time and occupational physical activity of people working in healthcare, determined the relationship between the domains (n = 7) and/or examined their effects on the cardiovascular system (n = 5). Measurements for leisure-time and occupational physical activity varied between studies. Leisure-time physical activity typically ranged between low and high intensity, with a short duration (approx. 0.8-1.5 h). Occupational physical activity was typically performed at light to moderate intensity with a very long duration (approx. 0.5-3 h). Moreover, leisure-time and occupational physical activity were almost negatively related. The few studies investigating effects on cardiovascular parameters revealed a rather unfavorable effect of occupational physical activity, while leisure-time physical activity was beneficial. The study quality was rated as fair and the risk of bias was moderate to high. The body of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS This review confirmed that leisure-time and occupational physical activity of healthcare workers are opposed in their duration and intensity. Moreover, leisure-time and occupational physical activity seem to be negatively related and should be analyzed according to their relation to each other in specific occupations. Furthermore, results support the relationship between the paradox and cardiovascular parameters. REGISTRATION Preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42021254572). Date of registration on PROSPERO: 19 May 2021. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Does occupational physical activity adversely affect the cardiovascular health of healthcare workers in comparison to leisure-time physical activity?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja I Janssen
- Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Mendez-Rebolledo G, Guzman-Muñoz E, Valdés-Badilla P, Ramirez-Campillo R, Cruz-Montecinos C, Núñez-Cortés R, Cabrera-Aguilera I, Calatayud J. Influence of lower limb muscle isometric strength and cardiovascular parameters on locomotor capacity in children and adolescents. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2023; 36:1435-1446. [PMID: 37545211 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although measures of exercise performance and physical activity are known to be related to 6-minute walk test (6mWT), the role of the strength of each muscle group of the lower limb in the locomotor capacity during the development period is unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify the role of the isometric strength of lower limb muscles and cardiovascular parameters on the locomotor capacity in children and adolescents, controlling for participants sex, age, and height. METHODS Participants (7 to 15 years old; female, n= 113; male, n= 128) were assessed for isometric strength (seven lower limb muscles), cardiovascular parameters (diastolic pressure, oxygen saturation, resting heart rate, respiratory rate), and 6mWT. Participants were split into nine age groups and separated by 1-year intervals. RESULTS Hip flexors-controlled for sex, age, and height-explained a meaningful percentage of the variance (R=2 0.45; p< 0.001) for 6mWT distance, and the resting heart rate explained a change in R2 of only 2% (p= 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Isometric strength of hip flexors explained ∼ 50% of the 6mWT distance, suggesting the importance of strength from an early age. Other factors, such as cardiovascular parameters, while relevant, may exert a secondary role on youth's capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Somatosensorial y Motora, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzman-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Somatosensorial y Motora, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cruz-Montecinos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Cabrera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Petrič M, Zaletel-Kragelj L, Vauhnik R. Characteristics and usefulness of trunk muscle endurance tests on the Roman chair in healthy adults. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14469. [PMID: 36523476 PMCID: PMC9745951 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate trunk muscle endurance is considered to be an important indicator of good low back stability; therefore, its assessment is needed when determining an individual's risk for back pain. Optimal tests to assess each trunk muscle group separately are difficult to find. The objective of this study was to verify if two groups of trunk muscle endurance tests (standard and alternative) show comparable results in terms of muscle endurance ratios, holding times and rated perceived effort to perform each test. Methods The study was designed as a quasi-experimental repeated-measures design. There was a single group of participants who took part in two different trunk muscle endurance testing. Sixty-eight healthy adult volunteers, aged 20-45 years (31.9 ± 7.2 years), without recent musculoskeletal injury or disorder participated in the study. All participants finished the study. Trunk muscle endurance tests as tested on the Roman chair (B tests) were compared with standard tests as suggested by McGill (A tests). Each group of tests consisted of an endurance test for trunk extensors, trunk flexors, and lateral trunk muscles for left and right side. The order of tests' performances was randomly assigned to each participant, whereby a participant did perform A and B tests in the same order. In each test of A and B the holding time was recorded and a perceived effort in each test performance was also assessed by participants. Post testing performance the four ratios of trunk muscles endurance comparison were calculated for each group of tests to determine if there is a good or poor ratio between muscles. Results of each participant were compared for trunk muscle endurance ratio calculations, holding times and rated perceived effort for A and B tests. Results Results showed comparable trunk muscle endurance ratios in the three ratios observed, except for the flexors:extensors ratio (AFL:EX: 1.2 (IQR: 0.7-1.6) vs. BFL:EX: 0.6 (IQR: 0.3-0.8); p < 0.001). As compared to A tests, holding times were significantly longer in B tests for the extensors (AEX: 125.5 s (IQR: 104.8-182.8 s) vs. BEX: 284.0 s (IQR: 213.0-342.3 s); p < 0.001) and lateral trunk muscles (AL-LM: 61.0 s (IQR: 48.3-80.8 s) vs. BL-LM: 131.5 s (IQR: 95.5-158.5 s); AR-LM: 63.5 s (IQR: 45.8-77.3 s) vs. BR-LM: 113.0 s (IQR: 86.3-148.8 s); p < 0.001), both were also rated as slightly easier to perform in the extensors (ARPE-EX: 13 (IQR: 12.0-14.0) vs BRPE-EX: 11 (IQR: 10.0-13.0); pRPE-EX < 0.001) and lateral muscles testing (ARPE-LM: 14.0 (IQR: 12.3-15.8) vs. BRPE-LM: 13.0 (IQR: 12.0-15.0); pRPE-LM = 0.001). Conclusions A and B tests are comparable in three of four trunk muscle endurance ratios, while longer holding times and lower perceived effort to perform were observed in most of the B tests. The Roman chair tests could be used as an alternative to standard tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Petrič
- Department of Physiotherapy/Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lijana Zaletel-Kragelj
- Department of Public Health/Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Renata Vauhnik
- Department of Physiotherapy/Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Brazo-Sayavera J, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R, López-Gil JF, Díaz-Goñi V, Cavero-Redondo I, Mesas AE. High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2195-2206. [PMID: 36166848 PMCID: PMC9776663 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9-86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay,Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - José F López-Gil
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay,Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Paravlic AH, Simunic B, Pisot R, Rauter S, Stuhec S, Vodicar J. The reliability, validity and usefulness of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test for cardiorespiratory fitness assessment in military personnel. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16087. [PMID: 36167789 PMCID: PMC9515111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15IFT) in soldiers. The 34 infantry members of the Slovenian armed forces were recruited as participants. Participants performed the continuous incremental treadmill test (TR), a 2-mile run (2MR) test, and two 30-15IFT tests. Additionally, participants were divided into a highest-scoring group (HSG) and a lowest-scoring group (LSG) based on their scores on the Army Physical Fitness Test. A very high reliability ratings were observed for 30-15IFT measures, as follows: end-running speed (ERS) ERSIFT (ICC = 0.971), maximal heart rate (HRmax) HRmaxIFT (IC = 0.960), and maximal relative oxygen consumption (VO2max) VO2max-IFT (ICC = 0.975). Although 30-15IFT measures demonstrated high correlations (r = 0.695-0.930) to the same measures of TR test, ERS, HRmax and VO2max were higher in the 30-15IFT (p > 0.05). Furthermore, ERSIFT and predicted VO2maxIFT were higher in HSG compared to LSG, whereas HRmax did not differ. The results of this study show that the 30-15IFT test is a reliable, valid and useful tool for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in the armed forces. Moreover, the ERS and predicted VO2max values derived from the 30-15IFT could be considered more sensitive markers of combat readiness than the parameters derived from the TR and 2MR tests.Trial registration number: NCT05218798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin H Paravlic
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
| | - Bostjan Simunic
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pisot
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Samo Rauter
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanko Stuhec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Vodicar
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bizzozero-Peroni B, Brazo-Sayavera J, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Díaz-Goñi V, Martínez-Ortega IA, Mesas AE. The associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness in young, middle-aged, and older adults: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271254. [PMID: 35802597 PMCID: PMC9269745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
A healthy diet and high health-related physical fitness levels may be part of an overall healthy lifestyle. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels has been analyzed in several studies. However, no studies have synthesized evidence on this relationship throughout adulthood. Moreover, in addition to the overall Mediterranean dietary pattern, the associations of individual components of the Mediterranean diet with physical fitness indicators are also unclear.
Methods
This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols statement and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Systematic literature searches will be performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane CENTRAL databases to identify studies published up to 31 January 2022. The inclusion criteria will comprise observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels on general healthy or unhealthy adults (≥18 years). When at least five studies addressing the same outcome are available, meta-analysis will be carried out to estimate the standardized mean difference of physical fitness according to the adherence to Mediterranean diet. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the characteristics of the population, the individual dietary components of the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness parameters as long as there are sufficient studies.
Ethics and dissemination
This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is designed for updating evidence on the associations between adherence to overall Mediterranean diet (and specific Mediterranean foods) and physical fitness levels in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Findings from this review may have implications for public health. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation, and infographics. No ethical approval will be required since only published data will be used.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022308259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Grupo de Investigación en Análisis del Rendimiento Humano, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | | | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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