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Wu C, Tang H, Cui X, Li N, Fei J, Ge H, Wu L, Wu J, Gu HF. A single-cell profile reveals the transcriptional regulation responded for Abelmoschus manihot (L.) treatment in diabetic kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155642. [PMID: 38759315 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangkui capsule (HKC), as an ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.), has a significant efficacy in treatment of the patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The bioactive ingredients of HKC mainly include the flavonoids such as rutin, hyperoside, hibifolin, isoquercetin, myricetin, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-robinobioside. PURPOSE To explore the molecular mechanisms of A. manihot in treatment of DKD. STUDY DESIGN A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of kidneys in db/db mice with and without HKC administration. METHODS Urinary biochemical and histopathological examination in C57BL/6 and db/db mice of DKD and HKC groups was done. Single-cell RNA sequencing pipeline was then performed. The regulatory mechanisms of seven flavonoids in HKC were revealed by cell communication, prediction of transcription factor regulatory network, and molecular docking. RESULTS By constructing ligand-receptor regulatory network and performing molecular docking between 75 receptors with different activities and seven flavonoids. 11 key receptors in 4 cell types (segment 3 proximal convoluted tubular cell, ascending limbs of the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and T cell) in kidneys were found to be directly interacted with HKC. The interactions regulated 8 downstream regulons. The docking receptors in T cell led to transcriptional event differences in the regulons such as Cebpb, Rel, Tbx21 and Klf2 and consequently affected the activation, differentiation, and infiltration of T cell, while the receptors Tgfbr1 and Ldlr in stromal cells of kidneys were closely associated with the downstream transcriptional events of renal injury and proteinuria in DKD. CONCLUSION The current study provides novel information of the key receptors and regulons in renal cells for a better understanding of the cell type specific molecular mechanisms of A. manihot in treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China; Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210018, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jingjin Fei
- Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210018, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211198, China.
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
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2
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Guzmán A, Hernández-Coronado CG, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system as a key regulator of ovarian follicle angiogenesis and growth. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:201-217. [PMID: 36966489 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) system is a complex set of proteins, with multiple isoforms and receptors, including both angiogenic (VEGFxxx, VEGFR2) and antiangiogenic members (VEGFxxxb, VEGFR1 and soluble forms of VEGFR). The members of the VEGF system affect the proliferation, survival, and migration of endothelial and nonendothelial cells and are involved in the regulation of follicular angiogenesis and development. The production of VEGF by secondary follicles stimulates preantral follicular development by directly affecting follicular cells and promoting the acquisition of the follicular vasculature and downstream antrum formation. Additionally, the pattern of expression of the components of the VEGF system may provide a proangiogenic milieu capable of triggering angiogenesis and stimulating follicular cells to promote antral follicle growth, whereas, during atresia, this milieu becomes antiangiogenic and blocks follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Guzmán
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Cyndi G Hernández-Coronado
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana M Rosales-Torres
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
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Blanc C, Moktefi A, Jolly A, de la Grange P, Gay D, Nicolaiew N, Semprez F, Maillé P, Soyeux P, Firlej V, Vacherot F, Destouches D, Amiche M, Terry S, de la Taille A, Londoño-Vallejo A, Allory Y, Delbé J, Hamma-Kourbali Y. The Neuropilin-1/PKC axis promotes neuroendocrine differentiation and drug resistance of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:918-927. [PMID: 36550208 PMCID: PMC9977768 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a multi-resistant variant of prostate cancer (PCa) that has become a major challenge in clinics. Understanding the neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) process at the molecular level is therefore critical to define therapeutic strategies that can prevent multi-drug resistance. METHODS Using RNA expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, we have identified and characterised a gene expression signature associated with the emergence of NED in a large PCa cohort, including 169 hormone-naïve PCa (HNPC) and 48 castration-resistance PCa (CRPC) patients. In vitro and preclinical in vivo NED models were used to explore the cellular mechanism and to characterise the effects of castration on PCa progression. RESULTS We show for the first time that Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a key component of NED in PCa cells. NRP1 is upregulated in response to androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) and elicits cell survival through induction of the PKC pathway. Downmodulation of either NRP1 protein expression or PKC activation suppresses NED, prevents tumour evolution toward castration resistance and increases the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in preclinical models in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the NRP1/PKC axis as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of neuroendocrine castration-resistant variants of PCa and indicates NRP1 as an early transitional biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Blanc
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Department of Pathology, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Ariane Jolly
- Genosplice®, IM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Fannie Semprez
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,SPPIN-Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Maillé
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Department of Pathology, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Pascale Soyeux
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Virginie Firlej
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Francis Vacherot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Damien Destouches
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Amiche
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Sorbonne University-CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de Biogenèse des Signaux Peptidiques (BioSiPe), F-75252, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Terry
- Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Research Department, Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre de la Taille
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, UR TRePCa, 94010, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Mondor, Department of Urology, 94010, Créteil, France
| | | | - Yves Allory
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean Delbé
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France
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Wu C, Tao Y, Li N, Fei J, Wang Y, Wu J, Gu HF. Prediction of cellular targets in diabetic kidney diseases with single-cell transcriptomic analysis of db/db mouse kidneys. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:169-188. [PMID: 35809207 PMCID: PMC10030752 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of impaired kidney function, albuminuria, and renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation), thus placing a large burden on health-care systems. This urgent event requires us to reveal the molecular mechanism of this disease to develop more efficacious treatment. Herein, we reported single-cell RNA sequencing analyses in kidneys of db/db mouse, an animal model for type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. We first analyzed the hub genes expressed differentially in the single cell resolution transcriptome map of the kidneys. Then we figured out the communication among the renal and immune cells in the kidneys. Data from this report may provide novel information for better understanding the cell-specific targets involved in the aetiologia of type 2 diabetic kidney disease and for cell communication and signaling between renal cells and immune cells of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhua Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yingjun Tao
- Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingjin Fei
- Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Minigene Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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5
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Tissues and Serum in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179687. [PMID: 36077090 PMCID: PMC9455973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects one-quarter of individuals worldwide. Liver biopsy, as the current reliable method for NAFLD evaluation, causes low patient acceptance because of the nature of invasive sampling. Therefore, sensitive non-invasive serum biomarkers are urgently needed. Results: The serum gene ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed the DEPs enriched in pathways including JAK-STAT and FoxO. GO analysis indicated that serum DEPs were mainly involved in the cellular process, metabolic process, response to stimulus, and biological regulation. Hepatic proteomic KEGG analysis revealed the DEPs were mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glutathione metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. GO analysis revealed that DEPs predominantly participated in cellular, biological regulation, multicellular organismal, localization, signaling, multi-organism, and immune system processes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) implied diverse clusters of the DEPs. Besides, the paralleled changes of the common upregulated and downregulated DEPs existed in both the liver and serum were validated in the mRNA expression of NRP1, MUP3, SERPINA1E, ALPL, and ALDOB as observed in our proteomic screening. Methods: We conducted hepatic and serum proteomic analysis based on the leptin-receptor-deficient mouse (db/db), a well-established diabetic mouse model with overt obesity and NAFLD. The results show differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in hepatic and serum proteomic analysis. A parallel reaction monitor (PRM) confirmed the authenticity of the selected DEPs. Conclusion: These results are supposed to offer sensitive non-invasive serum biomarkers for diabetes and NAFLD.
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6
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Neuropilin (NRPs) Related Pathological Conditions and Their Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158402. [PMID: 35955539 PMCID: PMC9368954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) represents one of the two homologous neuropilins (NRP, splice variants of neuropilin 2 are the other) found in all vertebrates. It forms a transmembrane glycoprotein distributed in many human body tissues as a (co)receptor for a variety of different ligands. In addition to its physiological role, it is also associated with various pathological conditions. Recently, NRP1 has been discovered as a coreceptor for the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, along with ACE2, and has thus become one of the COVID-19 research foci. However, in addition to COVID-19, the current review also summarises its other pathological roles and its involvement in clinical diseases like cancer and neuropathic pain. We also discuss the diversity of native NRP ligands and perform a joint analysis. Last but not least, we review the therapeutic roles of NRP1 and introduce a series of NRP1 modulators, which are typical peptidomimetics or other small molecule antagonists, to provide the medicinal chemistry community with a state-of-the-art overview of neuropilin modulator design and NRP1 druggability assessment.
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Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Quercetin Protecting against Podocyte Injury to Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy through Network Pharmacology, MicroarrayData Analysis, and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7291434. [PMID: 35615688 PMCID: PMC9126727 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7291434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE), a health supplement, can improve renal function in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats by ameliorating podocyte injury. Its clinical trial for renal insufficiency in advanced diabetes (NCT02848131) is currently underway. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of QUE protecting against podocyte injury to attenuate DN through network pharmacology, microarray data analysis, and molecular docking. QUE-associated targets, genes related to both DN, and podocyte injury were obtained from different comprehensive databases and were intersected and analyzed to obtain mapping targets. Candidate targets were identified by constructing network of protein-protein interaction (PPI) of mapping targets and ranked to obtain key targets. The major pathways were obtained from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis of candidate targets via ClueGO plug-in and R project software, respectively. Potential receptor-ligand interactions between QUE and key targets were evaluated via Autodocktools-1.5.6. 41. Candidate targets, of which three key targets (TNF, VEGFA, and AKT1), and the major AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were ascertained and associated with QUE against podocyte injury in DN. Molecular docking models showed that QUE could closely bind to the key targets. This study revealed that QUE could protect against podocyte injury in DN through the following mechanisms: downregulating inflammatory cytokine of TNF, reducing VEGF-induced vascular permeability, inhibiting apoptosis by stimulating AKT1 phosphorylation, and suppressing the AGE-induced oxidative stress via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.
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Xu J, Shen X, Wei X, Ding J, Yuan J, Weng Z, He Y. Identification of blood-based key biomarker and immune infiltration in Immunoglobulin A nephropathy by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and a cohort validation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:145. [PMID: 35351150 PMCID: PMC8966267 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To identify the critical genes in the onset and progression of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and to explore its immune cell infiltration feature.
Methods
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were firstly screened from 1 blood-derived dataset GSE73953 and a glomerulus derived dataset GSE93798 through limma analysis, overlap genes omitting and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and further reduced according to expression pattern and correlation with the clinical features: eGFR and proteinuria, followed by external validation using the GSE37460 dataset and an IgAN cohort. In addition, the CIBERSORT tool for immune cell infiltration analysis, ceRNA network construction and Connectivity Map (CMAP) were also performed.
Results
A total of 195 DEGs were found, and among them, 3 upregulated (ORMDL2, NRP1, and COL4A1) and 3 downregulated genes (ST13, HSPA8 and PKP4) are verified to correlate clinically, and finally ORMDL2, NRP1 and COL4A1 were validated in patient cohort and with the ability of IgAN discrimination (highest AUC was COL4A1: 97.14%). The immune cell infiltration results revealed that significant differences could be found on resting memory CD4 T cells, activated NK cells, and M2 macrophages between control and IgAN.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrated here that significantly upregulated DEGs: ORMDL2, NRP1 and COL4A1, could be served as the diagnostic marker for IgAN, and dysregulated immune cell infiltration hinted possible the immune system intervention point in the setting of IgAN.
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Hypoglycemia, Vascular Disease and Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes: Insights from Text Mining-Based Reconstruction and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Gene Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212419. [PMID: 34830301 PMCID: PMC8620086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia has been recognized as a risk factor for diabetic vascular complications and cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms of the effect of hypoglycemia on target organs are not fully understood. In this work, gene networks of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease were reconstructed using ANDSystem, a text-mining-based tool. The gene network of hypoglycemia included 141 genes and 2467 interactions. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes showed that the regulation of insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, apoptosis, nitric oxide biosynthesis, and cell signaling are significantly enriched for hypoglycemia. Among the network hubs, INS, IL6, LEP, TNF, IL1B, EGFR, and FOS had the highest betweenness centrality, while GPR142, MBOAT4, SLC5A4, IGFBP6, PPY, G6PC1, SLC2A2, GYS2, GCGR, and AQP7 demonstrated the highest cross-talk specificity. Hypoglycemia-related genes were overrepresented in the gene networks of diabetic complications and comorbidity; moreover, 14 genes were mutual for all studied disorders. Eleven GO biological processes (glucose homeostasis, nitric oxide biosynthesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, etc.) were overrepresented in all reconstructed networks. The obtained results expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the deteriorating effects of hypoglycemia in diabetes-associated vascular disease and cognitive dysfunction.
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Mourad D, Azar NS, Azar ST. Diabetic Nephropathy and COVID-19: The Potential Role of Immune Actors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157762. [PMID: 34360529 PMCID: PMC8346171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, type II diabetes mellitus, more specifically ensuing diabetic nephropathy, and severe COVID-19 disease are known to be closely associated. The exact mechanisms behind this association are less known. An implication for the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 remains controversial. Some researchers have started looking into other potential actors, such as neuropilin-1, mitochondrial glutathione, vitamin D, and DPP4. In particular, neuropilin-1 seems to play an important role in the underlying mechanism linking COVID-19 and diabetic nephropathy. We suggest, based on the findings in this review, that its up-regulation in the diabetic kidney facilitates viral entry in this tissue, and that the engagement of both processes leads to a depletion of neuropilin-1, which was demonstrated to be strongly associated with the pathogenesis of DN. More studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis, and research should be directed towards elucidating the potential roles of all these suggested actors and eventually discovering new therapeutic strategies that could reduce the burden of COVID-19 in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Mourad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Nadim S. Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-323-4250
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Chekol Abebe E, Mengie Ayele T, Tilahun Muche Z, Asmamaw Dejenie T. Neuropilin 1: A Novel Entry Factor for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and a Potential Therapeutic Target. Biologics 2021; 15:143-152. [PMID: 33986591 PMCID: PMC8110213 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s307352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is severely challenging the healthcare systems and economies of the world, which urgently demand vaccine and therapy development to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, advancing our understanding of the comprehensive entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, especially the host factors that facilitate viral infection, is crucial for the discovery of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs. SARS-CoV-2 has previously been documented to reach cells by binding with ACE2 and CD147 receptors in host cells that interact with the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. A novel entry factor, called neuropilin 1(NRP1), has recently been discovered as a co-receptor facilitating the entry of SARS-CoV-2. NRP1 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein widely distributed throughout the tissues of the body and acts as a multifunctional co-receptor to bind with different ligand proteins and play diverse physiological roles as well as pathological and therapeutic roles in different clinical conditions/diseases, including COVID-19. The current review, therefore, briefly provides the overview of SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms, the structure of NRP1, and their roles in health and various diseases, as well as extensively discusses the current understanding of the potential implication of NRP1 in SARS-CoV-2 entry and COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Teklie Mengie Ayele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun Muche
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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12
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Gu X, Zhang S, Zhang T. Abnormal Crosstalk between Endothelial Cells and Podocytes Mediates Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040869. [PMID: 33921219 PMCID: PMC8070074 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2 are the main targets of antiangiogenic therapies, and proteinuria is one of the common adverse events associated with the inhibition of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. The proteinuric kidney damage induced by VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is characterized by podocyte foot process effacement. TKI therapy promotes the formation of abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk, which plays a key role in TKI-induced podocyte injury and proteinuric nephropathy. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanism by which the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk mediates podocyte injury and discusses the possible molecules and signal pathways involved in abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk. What is more, we highlight the molecules involved in podocyte injury and determine the essential roles of Rac1 and Cdc42; this provides evidence for exploring the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk in TKI-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ti Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6417-5590
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Zhou H, Yang JY, Xu PP, Liu L, Ding BJ, Liu JP, Li MJ, Song YP. [The involvement of neuropilin-1 in primary immune thrombocytopenia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:146-150. [PMID: 33858046 PMCID: PMC8071663 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) on Treg cells and its ligands semaphorins-3A (Sema3A) , transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) as well as the balance of type 1 helper T cells (Th(1)) and type 2 helper T cells (Th(2)) cells. Methods: This study enrolled 62 patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP; 33 and 29 newly diagnosed and chronic ITP, respectively) from March 2014 to May 2015. Consequently, 30 healthy people in the same period were selected as the normal control group. The expression of NRP-1 in Treg cells was detected via flow cytometry. The Sema3A, TGF-β(1), IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of NRP-1, Sema3A, and TGF-β(1). The one-way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between three and two groups, respectively. Correlations among the mRNA expression levels of NRP-1, Sema3A, and TGF-β(1) were assessed via Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Treg cells in the newly diagnosed ITP group significantly increased compared with those in the chronic ITP and normal control groups. The expression of NRP-1 decreased[ (0.15 ± 0.03) %, (0.33 ± 0.15) %, and (0.46 ± 0.06) %; P<0.01], the plasma Sema3A level increased[ (8.10 ± 1.32) μg/L, (7.41±1.30) μg/L, and (2.88±0.82) μg/L; P<0.01], and the plasma TGF-β(1) level decreased[ (16.50±3.36) μg/L, (35.17±10.26) μg/L, and (41.00±10.02) μg/L; P<0.01]. Moreover, the level of plasma IFN-γ increased[ (17.21+2.80) ng/L, (10.23+1.59) ng/L, and (8.18+3.27) ng/L; P<0.01], and the ratios of Th(1)/Th(2) (IFN-γ/IL-4) increased (1.29±0.30, 0.72±0.16, and 0.61±0.27; P<0.01) . The mRNA expressions of NRP-1 and Sema3A in the newly diagnosed ITP and chronic ITP groups were lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01) . Consequently, the NRP-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with Sema3A and TGF-β(1) mRNA expression in the newly diagnosed ITP group. Conclusion: NRP-1 played an essential role in the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - J Y Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - P P Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - B J Ding
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - J P Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - M J Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Y P Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital) , Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Nabi R, Alvi SS, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Ezetimibe attenuates experimental diabetes and renal pathologies via targeting the advanced glycation, oxidative stress and AGE-RAGE signalling in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-16. [PMID: 33508970 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current in-vivo study was premeditated to uncover the protective role of ezetimibe (EZ) against advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-related pathologies in experimental diabetes. Our results showed that EZ markedly improved the altered biochemical markers of diabetes mellitus (DM) (FBG, HbA1c, insulin, microalbumin, and creatinine) and cardiovascular disease (in-vivo lipid/lipoprotein level and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity) along with diminished plasma carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and renal fluorescent AGEs level. Gene expression study revealed that EZ significantly down-regulated the renal AGEs-receptor (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression, however, the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) mRNA expression was up-regulated. In addition, EZ also maintained the redox status via decreasing the lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC) and increasing the activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated-paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and renal antioxidant enzymes as well as also protected renal histopathological features. We conclude that EZ exhibits antidiabetic and reno-protective properties in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nabi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra P Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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15
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Shen CY, Lu CH, Wu CH, Li KJ, Kuo YM, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. The Development of Maillard Reaction, and Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE)-Receptor for AGE (RAGE) Signaling Inhibitors as Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with AGE-Related Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235591. [PMID: 33261212 PMCID: PMC7729569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are generated by nonenzymatic modifications of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) by saccharides (glucose, fructose, and pentose) via Maillard reaction. The formed AGE molecules can be catabolized and cleared by glyoxalase I and II in renal proximal tubular cells. AGE-related diseases include physiological aging, neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, autoimmune/rheumatic inflammatory diseases, bone-degenerative diseases, and chronic renal diseases. AGEs, by binding to receptors for AGE (RAGEs), alter innate and adaptive immune responses to induce inflammation and immunosuppression via the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). These pathological molecules cause vascular endothelial/smooth muscular/connective tissue-cell and renal mesangial/endothelial/podocytic-cell damage in AGE-related diseases. In the present review, we first focus on the cellular and molecular bases of AGE–RAGE axis signaling pathways in AGE-related diseases. Then, we discuss in detail the modes of action of newly discovered novel biomolecules and phytochemical compounds, such as Maillard reaction and AGE–RAGE signaling inhibitors. These molecules are expected to become the new therapeutic strategies for patients with AGE-related diseases in addition to the traditional hypoglycemic and anti-hypertensive agents. We particularly emphasize the importance of “metabolic memory”, the “French paradox”, and the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic dosing of the effective natural compounds associated with pharmacogenetics in the treatment of AGE-related diseases. Lastly, we propose prospective investigations for solving the enigmas in AGE-mediated pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.Y.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.Y.)
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16
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Nabi R, Alvi SS, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Iqbal D, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Modulatory role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and ezetimibe on LDL-AGEs-induced ROS generation and RAGE-associated signalling in HEK-293 Cells. Life Sci 2019; 235:116823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chittka D, Banas B, Lennartz L, Putz FJ, Eidenschink K, Beck S, Stempfl T, Moehle C, Reichelt-Wurm S, Banas MC. Long-term expression of glomerular genes in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1533-1544. [PMID: 29340699 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause for end-stage renal disease in western societies, its pathogenesis still remains largely unclear. A different gene pattern of diabetic and healthy kidney cells is one of the probable explanations. Numerous signalling pathways have emerged as important pathophysiological mechanisms for diabetes-induced renal injury. Methods Glomerular cells, as podocytes or mesangial cells, are predominantly involved in the development of diabetic renal lesions. While many gene assays concerning DN are performed with whole kidney or renal cortex tissue, we isolated glomeruli from black and tan, brachyuric (BTBR) obese/obese (ob/ob) and wildtype mice at four different timepoints (4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks) and performed an mRNA microarray to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In contrast to many other diabetic mouse models, these homozygous ob/ob leptin-deficient mice develop not only a severe type 2 diabetes, but also diabetic kidney injury with all the clinical and especially histologic features defining human DN. By functional enrichment analysis we were able to investigate biological processes and pathways enriched by the DEGs at different disease stages. Altered expression of nine randomly selected genes was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from glomerular RNA. Results Ob/ob type 2 diabetic mice showed up- and downregulation of genes primarily involved in metabolic processes and pathways, including glucose, lipid, fatty acid, retinol and amino acid metabolism. Members of the CYP4A and ApoB family were found among the top abundant genes. But more interestingly, altered gene loci showed enrichment for processes and pathways linked to angioneogenesis, complement cascades, semaphorin pathways, oxidation and reduction processes and renin secretion. Conclusion The gene profile of BTBR ob/ob type 2 diabetic mice we conducted in this study can help to identify new key players in molecular pathogenesis of diabetic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Chittka
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Lennartz
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Putz
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eidenschink
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stempfl
- Kompetenzzentrum Fluoreszente Bioanalytik (KFB), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Moehle
- Kompetenzzentrum Fluoreszente Bioanalytik (KFB), Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Miriam C Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Gadermaier E, Tesarz M, Wallwitz J, Berg G, Himmler G. Characterization of a sandwich ELISA for quantification of total human soluble neuropilin-1. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22944. [PMID: 31219204 PMCID: PMC6757120 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is a highly interactive molecule that exists as transmembrane and soluble isoforms. Measurement of circulating levels of soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) in human serum and plasma has proven to be difficult due to present matrix interferences and due to the lack of a reliable technique. Methods We developed a highly specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA assay for total sNRP1 quantification in peripheral blood, and we validated the test according to ICH guidelines. The linear epitopes of the employed polyclonal and monoclonal anti‐human NRP1 antibodies were mapped with microarray technology. We included a sample pre‐treatment step with guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) to release sNRP1 from existing interferants. Results The ELISA assay which is calibrated with sNRP1 isoform 2 and covers a calibration range from 0.375 to 12 nmol/L detects sNRP1 in human serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA, and citrate). Multiple linear epitopes recognized by the polyclonal coating antibody are distributed over the whole sNRP1 sequence. The monoclonal detection antibody binds to a linear epitope which is in the N‐terminal region of the a1 domain of human sNRP1. Assay parameters like precision (intra‐assay: 6%), dilution linearity (95%‐115%), specificity (98%), and spike recovery (81%‐109%) meet the international standards of acceptance. Conclusion Our novel sandwich ELISA provides a reliable tool for the quantitative determination of total human sNRP1. The assay detects free and previous ligand‐bound total NRP1.
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19
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Nilsson D, Heglind M, Arani Z, Enerbäck S. Foxc2 is essential for podocyte function. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14083. [PMID: 31062503 PMCID: PMC6503019 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxc2 is one of the earliest podocyte markers during glomerular development. To circumvent embryonic lethal effects of global deletion of Foxc2, and to specifically investigate the role of Foxc2 in podocytes, we generated mice with a podocyte-specific Foxc2 deletion. Mice carrying the homozygous deletion developed early proteinuria which progressed rapidly into end stage kidney failure and death around postnatal day 10. Conditional loss of Foxc2 in podocytes caused typical characteristics of podocyte injury, such as podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte microvillus transformation, probably caused by disruption of the slit diaphragm. These effects were accompanied by a redistribution of several proteins known to be necessary for correct podocyte structure. One target gene that showed reduced glomerular expression was Nrp1, the gene encoding neuropilin 1, a protein that has been linked to diabetic nephropathy and proteinuria. We could show that NRP1 was regulated by Foxc2 in vitro, but podocyte-specific ablation of Nrp1 in mice did not generate any phenotype in terms of proteinuria, suggesting that the gene might have more important roles in endothelial cells than in podocytes. Taken together, this study highlights a critical role for Foxc2 as an important gene for podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Zahra Arani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Roy S, Bag AK, Singh RK, Talmadge JE, Batra SK, Datta K. Multifaceted Role of Neuropilins in the Immune System: Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1228. [PMID: 29067024 PMCID: PMC5641316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are non-tyrosine kinase cell surface glycoproteins expressed in all vertebrates and widely conserved across species. The two isoforms, such as neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2), mainly act as coreceptors for class III Semaphorins and for members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of molecules and are widely known for their role in a wide array of physiological processes, such as cardiovascular, neuronal development and patterning, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, as well as various clinical disorders. Intriguingly, additional roles for NRPs occur with myeloid and lymphoid cells, in normal physiological as well as different pathological conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, and bone diseases. However, little is known concerning the molecular pathways that govern these functions. In addition, NRP1 expression has been characterized in different immune cellular phenotypes including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cell subsets, especially regulatory T cell populations. By contrast, the functions of NRP2 in immune cells are less well known. In this review, we briefly summarize the genomic organization, structure, and binding partners of the NRPs and extensively discuss the recent advances in their role and function in different immune cell subsets and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Gonçalves NP, Martins D, Saraiva MJ. Overexpression of Protocadherin-10 in Transthyretin-Related Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 186:1913-24. [PMID: 27338109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming data suggest that oncogenic and neurodegenerative pathways share several altered cellular responses to insults such as oxidative stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, or cell dyscommunication. Protocadherin-10 (Pcdh10) is an adhesion molecule found to protect against tumorigenesis and essential for axonal elongation and actin dynamics during development. Here, by using genome microarrays we identified for the first time Pcdh10 up-regulation in tissues from transgenic mouse models, cultured Schwann cells, and human samples from a familial form of peripheral neuropathy (familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy). Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy is characterized by poor functional recovery and impaired nerve regenerative response after misfolding and deposition in the peripheral nervous system of mutant transthyretin. Not only increased transcriptional and translational Pcdh10 levels occurred in axons and Schwann cells of nerves with deposited transthyretin aggregates but the pattern also extended to associated cues of axon guidance like neuropilin-1 and F-actin. These findings suggest that Pcdh10 may influence subcellular actin cytoskeletal organization and axon-axon interactions in the course of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Moreover, when preventing nonfibrillar transthyretin deposition with anakinra or transthyretin siRNA, Pcdh10 protein levels were reduced, highlighting its potential as a novel disease biomarker. Whether Pcdh10 overexpression in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy represents a protective or deleterious response, enhancing survival or promoting cell death will need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia P Gonçalves
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Martins
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Molecular Neurobiology Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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