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Pierce ES, Jindal C, Choi YM, Cassidy K, Efird JT. Pathogenic mechanisms and etiologic aspects of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as an infectious cause of cutaneous melanoma. MEDCOMM - ONCOLOGY 2024; 3:e72. [PMID: 38831791 PMCID: PMC11145504 DOI: 10.1002/mog2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious etiologies have previously been proposed as causes of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This exploratory overview explains and presents the evidence for the hypothesis that a microorganism excreted in infected ruminant animal feces, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is the cause of some cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Occupational, residential, and recreational contact with MAP-contaminated feces, soil, sand, and natural bodies of water may confer a higher rate of CM. Included in our hypothesis are possible reasons for the differing rates and locations of CM in persons with white versus nonwhite skin, why CM develops underneath nails and in vulvar skin, why canine melanoma is an excellent model for human melanoma, and why the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention and treatment of CM. The pathogenic mechanisms and etiologic aspects of MAP, as a transmittable agent underlying CM risk, are carefully deliberated in this paper. Imbalances in gut and skin bacteria, genetic risk factors, and vaccine prevention/therapy are also discussed, while acknowledging that the evidence for a causal association between MAP exposure and CM remains circumstantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Pierce
- Independent Physician Researcher, Spokane Valley, Washington, USA
| | - Charulata Jindal
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuk Ming Choi
- Provider Services, Signify Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlin Cassidy
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Tchatchouang A, Brunette I, Rochette PJ, Proulx S. Expression and Impact of Fibronectin, Tenascin-C, Osteopontin, and Type XIV Collagen in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38656280 PMCID: PMC11044831 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by Descemet's membrane (DM) abnormalities, namely an increased thickness and a progressive appearance of guttae and fibrillar membranes. The goal of this study was to identify abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins expressed in FECD DMs and to evaluate their impact on cell adhesion and migration. Methods Gene expression profiles from in vitro (GSE112039) and ex vivo (GSE74123) healthy and FECD corneal endothelial cells were analyzed to identify deregulated matrisome genes. Healthy and end-stage FECD DMs were fixed and analyzed for guttae size and height. Immunostaining of fibronectin, tenascin-C, osteopontin, and type XIV collagen was performed on ex vivo specimens, as well as on tissue-engineered corneal endothelium reconstructed using healthy and FECD cells. An analysis of ECM protein expression according to guttae and fibrillar membrane was performed using immunofluorescent staining and phase contrast microscopy. Finally, cell adhesion was evaluated on fibronectin, tenascin-C, and osteopontin, and cell migration was studied on fibronectin and tenascin-C. Results SPP1 (osteopontin), FN1 (fibronectin), and TNC (tenascin-C) genes were upregulated in FECD ex vivo cells, and SSP1 was upregulated in both in vitro and ex vivo FECD conditions. Osteopontin, fibronectin, tenascin-C, and type XIV collagen were expressed in FECD specimens, with differences in their location. Corneal endothelial cell adhesion was not significantly affected by fibronectin or tenascin-C but was decreased by osteopontin. The combination of fibronectin and tenascin-C significantly increased cell migration. Conclusions This study highlights new abnormal ECM components in FECD, suggests a certain chronology in their deposition, and demonstrates their impact on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Tchatchouang
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL–CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brunette
- Centre de recherche de l'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Rochette
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL–CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL–CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Kumari A, Kashyap D, Garg VK. Osteopontin in cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 118:87-110. [PMID: 38280808 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a heavily post-translationally modified protein with a molecular weight of 44-70 kDa, depending on the degree of glycosylation. OPN is involved in various biological processes, including bone remodeling, immune response, cell adhesion, migration, and survival. It is essential for controlling osteoclast and osteoblast activity for maintaining bone mass and bone strength. Additionally, OPN has been linked to cardiovascular, inflammatory illnesses, as well as the onset and progression of cancer. OPN is a multifunctional protein that can interact with a variety of cell surface receptors, such as integrins, CD44, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components (e.g. collagen and hydroxyapatite). These interactions contribute to its wide range of biological functions in general and has significant implications for bone biology, immunology and cancer, specifically. In this chapter, we summarize the structure of OPN with a focus on its molecular mechanisms of action in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kumari
- Department of Optometry, University Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Medicine, The Brown Centre for Immunotherapy, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Singh S, Singh AP, Mitra R. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Major Co-Conspirators in Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:211. [PMID: 38201638 PMCID: PMC10778099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant of tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic outcomes [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Singh
- Department of International Studies (Global Health), College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Ajay P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Pathology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ranjana Mitra
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
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Zeng Z, Fu M, Hu Y, Wei Y, Wei X, Luo M. Regulation and signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: implications for targeted therapy for cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:172. [PMID: 37853437 PMCID: PMC10583419 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01877-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), initially identified in leukemia in 1994, constitute a distinct subset of tumor cells characterized by surface markers such as CD133, CD44, and ALDH. Their behavior is regulated through a complex interplay of networks, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, epigenetic, tumor microenvironment (TME), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors. Numerous signaling pathways were found to be involved in the regulatory network of CSCs. The maintenance of CSC characteristics plays a pivotal role in driving CSC-associated tumor metastasis and conferring resistance to therapy. Consequently, CSCs have emerged as promising targets in cancer treatment. To date, researchers have developed several anticancer agents tailored to specifically target CSCs, with some of these treatment strategies currently undergoing preclinical or clinical trials. In this review, we outline the origin and biological characteristics of CSCs, explore the regulatory networks governing CSCs, discuss the signaling pathways implicated in these networks, and investigate the influential factors contributing to therapy resistance in CSCs. Finally, we offer insights into preclinical and clinical agents designed to eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Minyang Fu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
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Grisoni Sanchez C, Figueiredo ML, de Sartori Camargo L, Benevenuto LGD, Lacerda ZA, Fonseca-Alves CE. Is Osteopontin a Good Marker for Bone Metastasis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor and Prostate Cancer? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3211. [PMID: 37893935 PMCID: PMC10603680 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein synthesized by a large number of cells, and its overexpression has been associated with the development and prognosis of cancer. OPN overexpression has been claimed to be a marker for the development of bone metastasis in human cancers, but no prior research has investigated the association between OPN expression and the metastasis of canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs) and prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, we investigated OPN expression in MGTs and PC samples from 50 canine patients with or without metastasis (bone vs. other sites). Higher OPN expression was detected in primary tumor samples from animals with bone metastasis than in those without bone involvement (p = 0.0321). In MGT samples, a significantly lower survival rate was observed in patients with higher OPN expression (p = 0.0171). In animals with PC, there was a strong trend toward lower survival in animals with positive OPN expression; however, this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.0779). From these findings, it can be concluded that OPN may be a promising target for future MGTs and PC studies because of its role in enhancing cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laíza de Sartori Camargo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Dercore Benevenuto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Zara Alves Lacerda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru 17048-290, Brazil;
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
- Veterinary Oncology Clinic—SEOVET, São Paulo 05016-000, Brazil
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Salati NA, Sharma M, Rao NN, Shetty SS, Radhakrishnan RA. Role of osteopontin in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:706-714. [PMID: 38304518 PMCID: PMC10829450 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_492_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cells and cytokines in the chronically injured mucosa promote fibrosis in the oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) fibrotic milieu. Osteopontin (OPN) is a wound-healing mediator that upregulates the inflammatory response and is involved in the malignancy and fibrosis of multiple organ systems. Objectives We investigated the expression of OPN in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) to determine its role in the malignant transformation and fibrosis of oral tissues. The expression of OPN in OPMDs and OSCCs was compared and correlated, and the role of OPN as a fibrotic mediator in OSF was explained. Study Design A total of 30 cases of normal mucosa and OPMDs (mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, OSF and OSCCs) were studied by purposive sampling. In these groups, OPN immunoreactivity was examined and correlated with clinical findings. Results In mild dysplasia, OPN expression was restricted to the basal cell layer with moderate staining intensity. In severe dysplasia, it was extremely intense and extended throughout the epithelium. In the OSF, OPN expression was moderate in the perinuclear areas of the basal cell layer. The expression of OPN was very strong in OSCC. A flow diagram explaining the profibrotic role of OPN in OSF has been provided. Conclusion A positive role of OPN in both pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OPMDs and OSCC has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir A. Salati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, SGT Dental College Hospital and Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Nirmala N. Rao
- Former Dean, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha S. Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu A. Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Baspinar O, Kocer D, Kiraz A, Tokmak TT, Dizdar OS. Osteopontin as an early predictor of atherosclerosis in attack-free Familial Mediterranean fever patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35137. [PMID: 37773839 PMCID: PMC10545283 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disease that is associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Osteopontin which is a multifunctional protein involved in the modulation of inflammatory processes may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in FMF patients. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the relationship of osteopontin with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and atherogenic indices in patients with FMF. Serum osteopontin levels, CIMT, Castelli risk index I and II, plasma atherogenic index (PAI), non - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in 64 attack-free FMF patients were compared with levels in 23 healthy control subjects. The serum osteopontin level, CIMT, Castelli risk index I, AC and PAI were significantly higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in FMF patients (P < .001, P < .001, P = .045, P = .016, P = .045, and P = .024; respectively). There were significant positive correlations between osteopontin and CIMT, PAI, AC, and Castelli risk index I (R = 0.580, R = 0.259, R = 0.233, R = 0.277; respectively) and there was significant negative correlation between osteopontin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r= -0.309). Patients who had homozygote mutations had significantly higher osteopontin, PAI, Castelli risk index I and II level. The current study is the first to demonstrate significantly increased serum osteopontin levels in attack-free FMF patients compared with healthy controls. It was also associated with CIMT and many atherogenic indices. This finding provides a new experimental basis to understand the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced atherosclerosis in FMF patients. Furthermore, patients who had homozygote mutations had worse atherogenic indices than those with heterozygote mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Baspinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Derya Kocer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Kiraz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Turgut Tursem Tokmak
- Department of Radiology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Sitki Dizdar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Health Sciences Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Chang CJ, Lai YJ, Tung YC, Wu LS, Hsu LA, Tseng CN, Chang GJ, Yang KC, Yeh YH. Osteopontin mediation of disturbed flow-induced endothelial mesenchymal transition through CD44 is a novel mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access. Kidney Int 2023; 103:702-718. [PMID: 36646166 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis access, neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is prone to occur in the region exposed to disturbed flow. We hypothesized that disturbed flow contributes to NH in AVF by inducing endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) through activation of the osteopontin/CD44 axis. In rats with aortocaval fistula, a rodent model of AVF, we demonstrated development of EndMT and expression of osteopontin and CD44 specifically in the vicinity of the arteriovenous junction using immunostaining. Duplex scan confirmed this region was exposed to a disturbed flow. A mixed ultrastructural phenotype of endothelium and smooth muscle cells was found in luminal endothelial cells of the arteriovenous junction by electron microscopy ascertaining the presence of EndMT. Endothelial lineage tracing using Cdh5-Cre/ERT2;ROSA26-tdTomato transgenic mice showed that EndMT was involved in NH of AVF since the early stage and that the endothelial-derived cells contributed to 24% of neointimal cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture, osteopontin treatment induced EndMT, which was suppressed by CD44 knockdown. Exposure to low oscillatory wall shear stress using a parallel-plate system induced EndMT in HUVECs, also suppressed by osteopontin or CD44 knockdown. In AVF of CD44 knockout mice, EndMT was mitigated and NH decreased by 35% compared to that in wild-type mice. In dysfunctional AVF of patients with uremia, expressions of osteopontin, CD44, and mesenchymal markers in endothelial cells overlying the neointima was also found by immunostaining. Thus, the osteopontin/CD44 axis regulates disturbed flow-induced EndMT, plays an important role in neointimal hyperplasia of AVF, and may act as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AVF dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Chang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chang Tung
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Sheng Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Nan Tseng
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Moccaldi B, De Michieli L, Binda M, Famoso G, Depascale R, Perazzolo Marra M, Doria A, Zanatta E. Serum Biomarkers in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044178. [PMID: 36835590 PMCID: PMC9967966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening complication of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. CTD-PAH is the result of a complex interplay among endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling, autoimmunity and inflammatory changes, ultimately leading to right heart dysfunction and failure. Due to the non-specific nature of the early symptoms and the lack of consensus on screening strategies-except for systemic sclerosis, with a yearly transthoracic echocardiography as recommended-CTD-PAH is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the pulmonary vessels are irreversibly damaged. According to the current guidelines, right heart catheterisation is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PAH; however, this technique is invasive, and may not be available in non-referral centres. Hence, there is a need for non-invasive tools to improve the early diagnosis and disease monitoring of CTD-PAH. Novel serum biomarkers may be an effective solution to this issue, as their detection is non-invasive, has a low cost and is reproducible. Our review aims to describe some of the most promising circulating biomarkers of CTD-PAH, classified according to their role in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Moccaldi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura De Michieli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Binda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Famoso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Depascale
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Perazzolo Marra
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498212190
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Osteopontin and Cancer: Insights into Its Role in Drug Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010197. [PMID: 36672705 PMCID: PMC9855437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Currently, drug resistance is the main obstacle in cancer treatments with the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance yet to be fully understood. Osteopontin (OPN) is a member of the integrin binding glycophosphoprotein family that is overexpressed in several tumour types. It is involved in drug transport, apoptosis, stemness, energy metabolism, and autophagy, which may contribute to drug resistance. Thus, understanding the role of OPN in cancer drug resistance could be important. This review describes the OPN-based mechanisms that might contribute to cancer drug resistance, demonstrating that OPN may be a viable target for cancer therapy to reduce drug resistance in sensitive tumours.
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Nakajima T, Uehara T, Iwaya M, Matsuda K, Wada M, Nagaya T, Ehara T, Ota H. Osteopontin expression in the invasive front stroma of colorectal adenocarcinoma is associated with tumor budding and prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154190. [PMID: 36332325 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor budding (TB) is an important prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Osteopontin (OPN) functions in various processes such as immune response, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. However, the involvement of OPN and CD44v6, which is a receptor for OPN, in TB has not been clarified. Therefore, we examined the relationship of OPN with TB in CRC and compared the clinicopathological features. METHODS We investigated the expression of OPN and CD44v6 in 83 cases of CRC by immunostaining and analyzed the clinicopathological features. RESULTS OPN expression was observed mostly in the cytoplasm of stromal cells such as macrophages and fibroblasts, and rarely in cancer cells. There was a significant correlation between OPN positivity and the degree of differentiation at the invasive front and TB grade. CD44v6 was positive in cancer cells in 72 cases (86.7 %) and negative in 11 cases (13.3 %). A statistically significant effect on overall survival (OS) was identified between the OPN-positive group [median OS: 1586 (range, 30-2749) days] and the OPN-negative group [median OS: 1901 (range, 8-2665) days] (log-rank test, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS OPN analysis in CRC stromal cells may have prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Wada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takehito Ehara
- Department of Surgery, North Alps Medical Center Azumi Hospital, Ikeda, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Pulford CS, Uppalapati CK, Montgomery MR, Averitte RL, Hull EE, Leyva KJ. A Hybrid Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Ex Vivo Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169183. [PMID: 36012449 PMCID: PMC9408944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While most cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are benign, invasive cSCC is associated with higher mortality and is often more difficult to treat. As such, understanding the factors that influence the progression of cSCC are important. Aggressive cancers metastasize through a series of evolutionary changes, collectively called the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, epithelial cells transition to a highly mobile mesenchymal cell type with metastatic capacities. While changes in expression of TGF-β, ZEB1, SNAI1, MMPs, vimentin, and E-cadherin are hallmarks of an EMT process occurring within cancer cells, including cSCC cells, EMT within tissues is not an “all or none” process. Using patient-derived cSCC and adjacent normal tissues, we show that cells within individual cSCC tumors are undergoing a hybrid EMT process, where there is variation in expression of EMT markers by cells within a tumor mass that may be facilitating invasion. Interestingly, cells along the outer edges of a tumor mass exhibit a more mesenchymal phenotype, with reduced E-cadherin, β-catenin, and cytokeratin expression and increased vimentin expression. Conversely, cells in the center of a tumor mass retain a higher expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and cytokeratin and little to no expression of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker. We also detected inverse expression changes in the miR-200 family and the EMT-associated transcription factors ZEB1 and SNAI1, suggesting that cSCC EMT dynamics are regulated in a miRNA-dependent manner. These novel findings in cSCC tumors provide evidence of phenotypic plasticity of the EMT process occurring within patient tissues, and extend the characterization of a hybrid EMT program occurring within a tumor mass. This hybrid EMT program may be promoting both survival and invasiveness of the tumors. A better understanding of this hybrid EMT process may influence therapeutic strategies in more invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Pulford
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Chandana K. Uppalapati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | | | - Richard L. Averitte
- Affiliated Dermatology & Affiliated Laboratories, 20401 N. 73rd Street #230, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Hull
- Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Leyva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 1-623-572-3294
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Qin S, Yi L, Liang Y, Chen Y, Wang W, Liao Y, Zhang C, Huang H, Huang J, Yao S. Biological and Clinicopathological Characteristics of OPN in Cervical Cancers. Front Genet 2022; 13:836509. [PMID: 35669197 PMCID: PMC9163571 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological malignancy. Recently, an increasing number of studies have indicated that osteopontin (OPN) is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CC. However, the biological role and detailed mechanism of OPN in CC remain unclear. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and a clinical sample microarray were used in our study. To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of OPN in CC, we compared the expression of OPN between normal and CC tissue samples and analyzed the correlations between OPN expression and multiple clinicopathological features. To identify biological processes involving OPN, OPN-associated genes were screened with Pearson correlation analysis and applied in hallmark gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Additionally, leukocyte infiltration was evaluated based on OPN expression. Finally, OPN-related signaling pathways were identified by GSEA. Results: OPN expression was higher in CC samples than in normal tissue samples and positively correlated with age, FIGO stage, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion and an unfavorable prognosis. OPN-associated genes were mainly enriched in the immune response, and increased OPN expression was accompanied by increased M2 macrophage infiltration. Additionally, OPN was correlated with hypoxia, high glycolytic metabolism, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and multiple signaling pathways (the p53 pathway, the PI3K/Akt pathway, IL6/STAT3 signaling, mTORC1 signaling and KRAS signaling). Conclusion: Our study showed that OPN is involved in immunological activities and multiple tumor processes, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target and useful prognostic factor in CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchun Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuandong Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaming Huang, ; Shuzhong Yao,
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaming Huang, ; Shuzhong Yao,
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EMT, Stemness, and Drug Resistance in Biological Context: A 3D Tumor Tissue/In Silico Platform for Analysis of Combinatorial Treatment in NSCLC with Aggressive KRAS-Biomarker Signatures. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092176. [PMID: 35565305 PMCID: PMC9099837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The phenotypic transition of tumor cells from epithelial to mesenchymal characteristics is called EMT and is widely discussed in the scientific community as a game changer in drug resistance and metastasis formation. However, clinical studies could not prove the efficacy of EMT-interfering treatments, and in clinical routine, EMT is not investigated to assess invasion. To fill this gap between bench and bedside, we use in this study a lung tumor tissue model with a preserved basement membrane for investigation of EMT functions with respect to invasion across this membrane and drug resistance. Our results suggest EMT is more a marker of drug resistance than a maker. Invasion is enhanced by EMT but more dependent on intrinsic factors, and EMT is not detected in the center of invasive tumor nodules. An in silico signaling network model is used to integrate these in vitro results and to reveal determinants for drug response. Abstract Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is discussed to be centrally involved in invasion, stemness, and drug resistance. Experimental models to evaluate this process in its biological complexity are limited. To shed light on EMT impact and test drug response more reliably, we use a lung tumor test system based on a decellularized intestinal matrix showing more in vivo-like proliferation levels and enhanced expression of clinical markers and carcinogenesis-related genes. In our models, we found evidence for a correlation of EMT with drug resistance in primary and secondary resistant cells harboring KRASG12C or EGFR mutations, which was simulated in silico based on an optimized signaling network topology. Notably, drug resistance did not correlate with EMT status in KRAS-mutated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cell lines, and drug efficacy was not affected by EMT induction via TGF-β. To investigate further determinants of drug response, we tested several drugs in combination with a KRASG12C inhibitor in KRASG12C mutant HCC44 models, which, besides EMT, display mutations in P53, LKB1, KEAP1, and high c-MYC expression. We identified an aurora-kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor as the most promising candidate. In our network, AURKA is a centrally linked hub to EMT, proliferation, apoptosis, LKB1, and c-MYC. This exemplifies our systemic analysis approach for clinical translation of biomarker signatures.
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16
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Zeng P, Zhang X, Xiang T, Ling Z, Lin C, Diao H. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 as a potential prognostic and immunotherapy biomarker in multiple human cancers. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3221-3239. [PMID: 35067176 PMCID: PMC8973783 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Osteopontin accumulates in basal deposits of human eyes with age-related macular degeneration and may serve as a biomarker of aging. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:165-176. [PMID: 34389792 PMCID: PMC8786662 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common clinical phenotype of several neurodegenerative and systemic disorders including Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular material, which interferes with routine cellular functions. Similarly, patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among the aged population, present with extracellular lipid- and protein-filled basal deposits in the back of the eye. While the exact mechanism of growth and formation of these deposits is poorly understood, much has been learned from investigating their composition, providing critical insights into AMD pathogenesis, prevention, and therapeutics. We identified human osteopontin (OPN), a phosphoprotein expressed in a variety of tissues in the body, as a newly discovered component of basal deposits in AMD patients, with a distinctive punctate staining pattern. OPN expression within these lesions, which are associated with AMD disease progression, were found to co-localize with abnormal calcium deposition. Additionally, OPN puncta colocalized with an AMD risk-associated complement pathway protein, but not with apolipoprotein E or vitronectin, two other well-established basal deposit components. Mechanistically, we found that retinal pigment epithelial cells, cells vulnerable in AMD, will secrete OPN into the extracellular space, under oxidative stress conditions, supporting OPN biosynthesis locally within the outer retina. Finally, we report that OPN levels in plasma of aged (non-AMD) human donors were significantly higher than levels in young (non-AMD) donors, but were not significantly different from donors with the different clinical subtypes of AMD. Collectively, our study defines the expression pattern of OPN in the posterior pole as a function of disease, and its local expression as a potential histopathologic biomarker of AMD.
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18
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Bai RJ, Li YS, Zhang FJ. Osteopontin, a bridge links osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012508. [PMID: 36387862 PMCID: PMC9649917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, inflammation, and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone of joints. Osteoporosis (OP) is another systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue and increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Both OA and OP are mainly affected on the elderly people. Recent studies have shown that osteopontin (OPN) plays a vital role in bone metabolism and homeostasis. OPN involves these biological activities through participating in the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and adhesion of several bone-related cells, including chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). OPN has been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence and development of many bone-related diseases, such as OA and OP. This review summarizes the role of OPN in regulating inflammation activity and bone metabolism in OA and OP. Furthermore, some drugs that targeted OPN to treat OA and OP are also summarized in the review. However, the complex mechanism of OPN in regulating OA and OP is not fully elucidated, which drives us to explore the depth effect of OPN on these two bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, ; Fang-Jie Zhang,
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Li, ; Fang-Jie Zhang,
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19
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Theaflavin-3-gallate, a natural antagonist for Hsp90: In-silico and in-vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 353:109774. [PMID: 34958756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor prognosis and metastasis have been recognized as the major cause of breast cancer related deaths worldwide. Recent experimental evidence has shown that Hsp90, the prime chaperone, is overexpressed in many cancers and is responsible if reducing the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients. Therefore, targeted inhibition of Hsp90 may be a new and effective way to target cancer as well as enhancing therapeutic outcomes. In the present study, screening and stimulation of potential natural compounds result in the identification of theaflavin-3-gallate as a promising inhibitory compound of Hsp90. Further in-vitro validation of the cytotoxic effect of theaflavin-3-gallate in human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 and normal cell line MCF10A revealed that theaflavin-3-gallate significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of MCF7 cells whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed on MCF10A cells. We also found that theaflavin-3-gallate significantly induced programmed cell death by arresting cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. A significant decrease in cell migration and colony formation by theaflavin-3-gallate treatment was also observed in MCF7 cells. Furthermore, theaflavin-3-gallate significantly downregulated the mRNA expression patterns of the HSP90, MMP9, VEGFA, and SPP1 genes. Collectively, our results demonstrated theaflavin-3-gallate as a potential natural Hsp90 inhibitor that can be used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of existing breast cancer therapies and improve overall survival of breast cancer patients.
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20
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Pretzsch E, Lampert C, Bazhin AV, Link H, Jacob S, Guba M, Werner J, Neumann J, Angele MK, Bösch F. EMT-related genes are unlikely to be involved in extracapsular growth of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153688. [PMID: 34872022 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gastric cancer (GC), extracapsular growth (ECG) pattern of lymph node metastases is associated with decreased overall survival rates compared to intracapsular lymph node metastases (ICG). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in hematogenous metastatic spread. Aim of the present study was to analyze if EMT related genes are involved in the growth pattern of lymph node metastases in GC. METHODS Out of our prospective database with 529 patients who underwent surgical resection for GC between 2002 and 2014 forty lymph node positive patients were identified (20 ECG, 20 ICG). The expression of 84 EMT-associated genes were analyzed by RT2 Profiler PCR Array (n = 20). Results were validated by Real-Time PCR (n = 20). RESULTS GC with ECG showed differently expressed EMT related genes. GC leading to ECG showed an upregulation of three and downregulation of eleven genes. Those differences, however, could not be confirmed in PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that EMT related genes are not responsible for the different growth patterns of lymph node metastases in GC. Further studies are required to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of ECG in GC as it might provide a potential therapeutic target for this subgroup of more aggressive tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Pretzsch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Lampert
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Link
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Jacob
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin K Angele
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Bösch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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21
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Liu C, Yang J, Lin Q, Zheng S, Chen C, Zhou Q, Chen R. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals spatiotemporal heterogeneity and malignant progression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3760-3775. [PMID: 34671197 PMCID: PMC8495381 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Using Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we explored the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) and the underlying mechanism for malignant progression. Methods: scRNA-seq was conducted on three tumor tissues (two primary tissues from different sites, one liver metastatic lesion), one normal liver tissue, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one patient with a metastatic G2 pNET, followed by bioinformatics analysis and validation in a pNETs cohort. Results: The transcriptome data of 24.544 cells were obtained. We identified subpopulations of functional heterogeneity within malignant cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts. There were intra- and inter-heterogeneities of cell subpopulations for malignant cells, macrophages, T cells, and fibroblasts among all tumor sites. Cell trajectory analysis revealed several hallmarks of carcinogenesis, including the hypoxia pathway, metabolism reprogramming, and aggressive proliferation, which were activated at different stages of tumor progression. Evolutionary analysis based on mitochondrial mutations defined two dominant clones with metastatic capacity. Finally, we developed a gene signature (PCSK1 and SMOC1) defining the metastatic potential of the tumor and its prognostic value was validated in a cohort of thirty G1/G2 patients underwent surgical resection. Conclusions: Our scRNA-seq analysis revealed intra- and intertumor heterogeneities in cell populations, transcriptional states, and intercellular communications among primary and metastatic lesions of pNETs. The single-cell level characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of malignant cell progression provided new insights into the search for potential novel prognostic biomarkers of pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangyou Zheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rufu Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Calcium phosphate-based materials regulate osteoclast-mediated osseointegration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4517-4530. [PMID: 34632163 PMCID: PMC8484898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate-based materials (CaP) have been widely used as bone graft substitutes with a decent osseointegration. However, the mechanism whereby cells function and repair the bone defect in CaP micro-environment is still elusive. The aim of this study is to find the mechanism how osteoclast behaviors mediate bone healing with CaP scaffolds. Recent reports show that behaviors of osteoclast are closely related with osteogenesis, thus we make a hypothesis that active osteoclast behaviors induced by CaP facilitate bone healing. Here, we found a new mechanism that CaP can regulate osteoclast-mediated osseointegration. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is selected as a representative CaP. We demonstrate that the osteoclast-mediated osseointegration can be strongly modulated by the stimulation with CaP. An appropriate Ca/P ratio in CaP can effectively promote the RANKL-RANK binding and evoke more activated NF-κB signaling transduction, which results in vigorous osteoclast differentiation. We observe significant improvement of bone healing in vivo, owing to the active coupling effect of osteoclasts. What is more noteworthy is that the phosphate ions released from CaP can be a pivotal role regulating osteoclast activity by changing Ca/P ratio readily in materials. These studies suggest the potential of harnessing osteoclast-mediated osteogenesis in order to develop a materials-manipulated approach for improving osseointegration. Calcium phosphate-based materials (CaP) can directly participate in bone healing by released ions. Excessive phosphate ions released from CaP can inhibit the affinity of RANKL and RANK. Altering Ca/P ratio in CaP can significantly regulate osteoclast differentiation and function through RANKL-RANK dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Viana BPPB, Gomes AVP, Gimba ERP, Ferreira LB. Osteopontin Expression in Thyroid Cancer: Deciphering EMT-Related Molecular Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101372. [PMID: 34680488 PMCID: PMC8533224 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common tumor arising from the endocrine system and generally presents good prognosis. However, its aggressive subtypes are related to therapeutic resistance and early metastasis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process, the mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), are key events mediating cancer progression, including in thyroid cancer. The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) has been reported as a master regulator of EMT in many tumor types. Although high OPN expression has been described and associated with important aspects of thyroid cancer progression, there is no clear evidence regarding OPN as a regulator of EMT in thyroid cancer. Thus, taking together the known roles of OPN in the modulation of EMT in cancer and the information reporting the expression of OPN in thyroid tumor progression, this review aims at summarizing and discussing data related to EMT in thyroid cancer and its putative relation to the roles of OPN in the development of thyroid cancer. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which OPN could potentially modulate EMT in thyroid tumors, generating evidence for future studies that may contribute to new therapeutic, prognostic and/or diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Prunes Pena Baroni Viana
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, CEP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vitória Pampolha Gomes
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, CEP, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, CEP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Recife 1-7, Bela Vista, Rio das Ostras 28880-000, CEP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Av. Prof. Hernani Melo, 101, Niterói 24210-130, CEP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.R.P.G.); (L.B.F.)
| | - Luciana Bueno Ferreira
- Grupo de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, CEP, Brazil; (B.P.P.B.V.); (A.V.P.G.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 3° andar, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, CEP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.R.P.G.); (L.B.F.)
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24
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Asif PJ, Longobardi C, Hahne M, Medema JP. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4720. [PMID: 34572947 PMCID: PMC8472587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in cancer progression by contributing to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling, extensive crosstalk with cancer cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. As metastasis is a main reason for cancer-related deaths, it is crucial to understand the role of CAFs in this process. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and lethality is especially common in a subtype of CRC with high stromal infiltration. A key component of stroma is cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). To provide new perspectives for research on CAFs and CAF-targeted therapeutics, especially in CRC, we discuss the mechanisms, crosstalk, and functions involved in CAF-mediated cancer invasion, metastasis, and protection. This summary can serve as a framework for future studies elucidating these roles of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris Jabeen Asif
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.A.); (C.L.)
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.A.); (C.L.)
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hahne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.A.); (C.L.)
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Peralta S, Duhamel GE, Katt WP, Heikinheimo K, Miller AD, Ahmed F, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Grenier JK. Comparative transcriptional profiling of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma and homology with human ameloblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17792. [PMID: 34493785 PMCID: PMC8423744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastomas are odontogenic tumors that are rare in people but have a relatively high prevalence in dogs. Because canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (CAA) have clinicopathologic and molecular features in common with human ameloblastomas (AM), spontaneous CAA can serve as a useful translational model of disease. However, the molecular basis of CAA and how it compares to AM are incompletely understood. In this study, we compared the global genomic expression profile of CAA with AM and evaluated its dental origin by using a bulk RNA-seq approach. For these studies, healthy gingiva and canine oral squamous cell carcinoma served as controls. We found that aberrant RAS signaling, and activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cellular program are involved in the pathogenesis of CAA, and that CAA is enriched with genes known to be upregulated in AM including those expressed during the early stages of tooth development, suggesting a high level of molecular homology. These results support the model that domestic dogs with spontaneous CAA have potential for pre-clinical assessment of targeted therapeutic modalities against AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Programs Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Box 31, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Gerald E Duhamel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William P Katt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Angela L McCleary-Wheeler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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26
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Zubareva EY, Senchukova MA. Prognostic and predictive significance of osteopontin in malignant neoplasms. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2021-8-2-23-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin is an extracellular matrix protein which is produced by different types of cells and plays an important functional role in many biological processes. This review discusses the main functions of osteopontin, its role in the progression and chemoresistance of malignant neoplasms, in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and the body’s immune response to the tumor. The article considers the currently known mechanisms by which osteopontin affects to the survival, mobility and invasion of tumor cells, to tumor sensitivity to drug treatment, as well as the prospects for a integrated study of the predictive significance of osteopontin, markers of hypoxia, angiogenesis, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, and immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yu. Zubareva
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
| | - M. A. Senchukova
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary; Orenburg State Medical University
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27
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Amilca-Seba K, Sabbah M, Larsen AK, Denis JA. Osteopontin as a Regulator of Colorectal Cancer Progression and Its Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153793. [PMID: 34359694 PMCID: PMC8345080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mortality of colorectal cancer is principally related to metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis or to the growth of initially undetectable micro-metastasis. Current therapeutic strategies are efficient in patients with locally advanced cancer, but are rarely able to cure patients with metastatic disease. Therapeutic failure is mainly associated with drug resistance and an aggressive phenotype. The identification of new biomarkers for micro-metastasis and tumor progression remains an unmet clinical need that should allow for improved patient stratification for optimal treatment and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a potentially valuable biomarker in several cancer types. This review principally describes the molecular mechanisms of OPN that are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis, as well as the use of OPN as a clinical biomarker. This review identifies a role for OPN as a biomarker ready for extended clinical application and discusses its use as a therapeutic target. Abstract A high expression of the phosphoprotein osteopontin (OPN) has been associated with cancer progression in several tumor types, including breast cancer, hepatocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Interestingly, OPN is overexpressed in CRC and is associated with a poor prognosis linked to invasion and metastasis. Here, we review the regulation and functions of OPN with an emphasis on CRC. We examine how epigenetic and genetic regulators interact with the key signaling pathways involved in this disease. Then, we describe the role of OPN in cancer progression, including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we outline the interest of using OPN as a clinical biomarker, and discuss if and how osteopontin can be implemented as a routine assay in clinical laboratories for monitoring CRC patients. Finally, we discuss the use of OPN an attractive, but challenging, therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyana Amilca-Seba
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme A. Denis
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Oncology Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-42-16-20-39
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28
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Sharma M, Hunter KD, Fonseca FP, Radhakrishnan R. Emerging role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and its malignant transformation. Head Neck 2021; 43:3153-3164. [PMID: 34227702 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a common denominator in wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer. Although, senescence is transiently antifibrotic, when prolonged, promotes fibrosis and malignant transformation. Eligible studies indexed in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched to understand the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and its malignant transformation. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components like IL-1, IL-6, and GRO-α induce double-strand DNA breaks in keratinocytes and drive genetic instability. SASP derived from myofibroblasts induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in OSF and facilitates cancer progression. The use of senolytics has been shown to eliminate senescent cells from the areas of fibrosis, thereby preventing malignancy. Naturally occurring agents such as apigenin and kaempferol inhibit SASP. Mechanistic insight into the emerging role of senescence in the pathogenesis of OSF and modalities to inhibit senescence-associated antiapoptotic pathways as a supplementary therapy to prevent malignant transformation of OSF is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, India
| | - Keith D Hunter
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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29
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Teuwen LA, De Rooij LPMH, Cuypers A, Rohlenova K, Dumas SJ, García-Caballero M, Meta E, Amersfoort J, Taverna F, Becker LM, Veiga N, Cantelmo AR, Geldhof V, Conchinha NV, Kalucka J, Treps L, Conradi LC, Khan S, Karakach TK, Soenen S, Vinckier S, Schoonjans L, Eelen G, Van Laere S, Dewerchin M, Dirix L, Mazzone M, Luo Y, Vermeulen P, Carmeliet P. Tumor vessel co-option probed by single-cell analysis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109253. [PMID: 34133923 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vessel co-option is poorly understood, yet it is a resistance mechanism against anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). The heterogeneity of co-opted endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, co-opting cancer and myeloid cells in tumors growing via vessel co-option, has not been investigated at the single-cell level. Here, we use a murine AAT-resistant lung tumor model, in which VEGF-targeting induces vessel co-option for continued growth. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 31,964 cells reveals, unexpectedly, a largely similar transcriptome of co-opted tumor ECs (TECs) and pericytes as their healthy counterparts. Notably, we identify cell types that might contribute to vessel co-option, i.e., an invasive cancer-cell subtype, possibly assisted by a matrix-remodeling macrophage population, and another M1-like macrophage subtype, possibly involved in keeping or rendering vascular cells quiescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Laura P M H De Rooij
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anne Cuypers
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sébastien J Dumas
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Elda Meta
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jacob Amersfoort
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Federico Taverna
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nuphar Veiga
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nadine V Conchinha
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shawez Khan
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tobias K Karakach
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Soenen
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, CCB, VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, P.R. China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, P.R. China.
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp 2610, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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30
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Li J, Lan J, Qiao Q, Shen L, Lu G. Effluent Osteopontin levels reflect the peritoneal solute transport rate. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:847-853. [PMID: 34141898 PMCID: PMC8186560 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is accompanied by low-grade intraperitoneal inflammation and may eventually lead to peritoneal membrane injury with a high solute transport rate and ultrafiltration failure. Osteopontin (OPN) is highly expressed through the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in many cell types. This study aimed to investigate the potential of OPN as a new indicator of peritoneal deterioration. One hundred nine continuous ambulatory PD patients were analyzed. The levels of OPN and IL-6 in peritoneal effluents or serum were analyzed by ELISA kits. The mean effluent OPN concentration was 2.39 ± 1.87 ng/mL. The OPN levels in drained dialysate were correlated with D/P Cr (p < 0.0001, R = 0.54) and D/D0 glucose (p < 0.0001, R = 0.39). Logistic regression analysis showed that the OPN levels in peritoneal effluents were an independent predictive factor for the increased peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) obtained by the peritoneal equilibration test (p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of OPN was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75-0.92) in predicting the increased PSTR with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 67%. The joint utilization of effluent OPN with age, effluent IL-6, and serum albumin further increased the specificity (81%). Thus, OPN may be a useful indicator of peritoneal deterioration in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
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Evaluation of a Three-Marker Panel for the Detection of Uveal Melanoma Metastases: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102464. [PMID: 34070192 PMCID: PMC8158498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Blood-based B-cell activating factor (BAFF), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and osteopontin (OPN) have been reported to be biomarkers for the uveal melanoma (UM) metastases. This work intended to assess their kinetics and to evaluate their significance as a three-marker panel for clinical practice. Our results not only provided their cutoff values for differentiating the metastatic patients from non-metastatic patients, but also confirmed that the three-marker panel outperformed any single biomarker in distinguishing metastatic patients. Besides, the increasing trends of the levels of three biomarkers were detected in the two-year period before the imaging diagnosis of metastases. The multiplex panel of BAFF, GDF-15 and OPN might be a utilizable implementation for the detection of UM metastases. Since it is a retrospective pilot work, more well-designed prospective studies employing larger cohorts are still needed to validate the findings. Abstract Blood-based B-cell activating factor (BAFF), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and osteopontin (OPN) have been identified to be promising biomarkers for the metastases of uveal melanoma (UM). This study intended to assess their kinetics and to evaluate their significance as a three-marker panel. A group of 36 UM patients with and 137 patients without metastases were included in the study. Their plasma OPN levels were measured by ELISA; serum BAFF and GDF-15 levels were determined with a Luminex MAGPIX system. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to calculate the cutoff values of the three markers for identifying the patients with metastases. The ability to identify patients with metastases was compared between the single markers and the combination as a three-marker panel. By using the Student’s t-test, we also investigated the kinetic changes of the levels of BAFF, GDF-15 and OPN across six periods (i.e., 0–6 months, 6–12 months, 12–18 months, 18–24 months, >24 months and post-metastasis) before the imaging diagnosis of metastases. By maximizing the Youden’s index, the serum GDF-15 level of 1209 pg/mL and the plasma OPN level of 92 ng/mL were identified to have the best performance for distinguishing the metastatic patients from non-metastatic patients. The three-marker panel offered a better performance in distinguishing patients with metastases, with an area under the curve of 0.802, than any single biomarker. Increasing trends of the levels of three biomarkers were observed in the two-year period before the imaging diagnosis of metastases. The combined panel of BAFF, GDF-15 and OPN might be a utilizable implementation for the detection of UM metastases. In the bioinformatics study with two external datasets, the high expression of gene BAFF and GDF-15 in primary UM tissues was identified to be associated with poor overall survival rates. As the current work is a single-center retrospective study, more well-designed prospective investigations employing larger cohorts are urgently needed to validate our findings.
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Hatipoglu OF, Uctepe E, Opoku G, Wake H, Ikemura K, Ohtsuki T, Inagaki J, Gunduz M, Gunduz E, Watanabe S, Nishinaka T, Takahashi H, Hirohata S. Osteopontin silencing attenuates bleomycin-induced murine pulmonary fibrosis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111633. [PMID: 34243624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and most deadly form of interstitial lung disease. Osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular protein with proinflammatory and profibrotic properties, plays a major role in several fibrotic diseases, including IPF; OPN is highly upregulated in patients' lung samples. In this study, we knocked down OPN in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) mouse model using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to determine whether the use of OPN siRNA is an effective therapeutic strategy for IPF. We found that fibrosing areas were significantly smaller in specimens from OPN siRNA-treated mice. The number of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also reduced in OPN siRNA-treated mice. Regarding the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, the administration of OPN-siRNA to BLM-treated mice upregulated E-cadherin expression and downregulated vimentin expression. Moreover, in vitro, we incubated the human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and subsequently transfected the cells with OPN siRNA. We found a significant upregulation of Col1A1, fibronectin, and vimentin after TGF-β1 stimulation in A549 cells. In contrast, a downregulation of Col1A1, fibronectin, and vimentin mRNA levels was observed in TGF-β1-stimulated OPN knockdown A549 cells. Therefore, the downregulation of OPN effectively reduced pulmonary fibrotic and EMT changes both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results indicate that OPN siRNA exerts a protective effect on BLM-induced PF in mice. Our results provide a basis for the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyyup Uctepe
- Acıbadem Labmed Ankara Tissue Typing Laboratory, Turkey
| | - Gabriel Opoku
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikemura
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mehmet Gunduz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moriya Keiyu Hospital, Japan
| | - Esra Gunduz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Moriya Keiyu Hospital, Japan
| | - Shogo Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Japan.
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Bellan M, Piccinino C, Tonello S, Minisini R, Giubertoni A, Sola D, Pedrazzoli R, Gagliardi I, Zecca E, Calzaducca E, Mazzoleni F, Piffero R, Patti G, Pirisi M, Sainaghi PP. Role of Osteopontin as a Potential Biomarker of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Other Connective Tissue Diseases (CTDs). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050394. [PMID: 33919476 PMCID: PMC8143460 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Its early diagnosis is essential to start effective treatment. In the present paper, we aimed to evaluate the role of plasma osteopontin (OPN) as a candidate biomarker of PAH in a cohort of CTD patients. OPN is a pleiotropic protein involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis and, therefore, potentially promising in this specific clinical context. We performed a cross-sectional observational study on a cohort of 113 CTD patients (females N = 101, 89.4%) affected by systemic sclerosis N = 88 (77.9%), mixed connective tissue disease N = 10 (8.8%), overlap syndrome N = 10 (8.8%) or undifferentiated connective tissue disease N = 5 (4.4%). CTD-PAH patients showed significantly higher OPN plasma values than patients with CTD alone (241.0 (188.8–387.2) vs. 200.7 (133.5–281.6) ng/mL; p = 0.03). Although OPN levels were directly correlated with age and inversely with glomerular filtration rate, they remained associated with PAH at multivariate analysis. In conclusion, OPN was significantly associated with PAH among patients with CTD, suggesting it may have a role as a non-invasive disease biomarker of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
- CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease), Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Piccinino
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Ailia Giubertoni
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Daniele Sola
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Pedrazzoli
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Ileana Gagliardi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Erika Zecca
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Elisa Calzaducca
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Federica Mazzoleni
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Roberto Piffero
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
- CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease), Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (R.M.); (A.G.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (E.C.); (F.M.); (R.P.); (G.P.); (M.P.); (P.P.S.)
- Division of Cardoilogy, “AOU Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.P.); (D.S.); (R.P.)
- CAAD (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease), Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Fudalej MM, Badowska-Kozakiewicz AM. Improved understanding of gastrointestinal stromal tumors biology as a step for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic schemes. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:417. [PMID: 33841578 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the human gastrointestinal tract, with an estimated incidence of 10-15 per 1 million per year. While preparing holistic care for patients with GIST diagnosis, scientists might face several difficulties - insufficient risk stratification, acquired or secondary resistance to imatinib, or the need for an exceptional therapy method associated with wild-type tumors. This review summarizes recent advances associated with GIST biology that might enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. New molecules might be incorporated into risk stratification schemes due to their proven association with outcomes; however, further research is required. Therapies based on the significant role of angiogenesis, immunology, and neural origin in the GIST biology could become a valuable enhancement of currently implemented treatment schemes. Generating miRNA networks that would predict miRNA regulatory functions is a promising approach that might help in better selection of potential biomarkers and therapeutical targets in cancer, including GISTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magdalena Fudalej
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Hepatic stellate cells promote intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression via NR4A2/osteopontin/Wnt signaling axis. Oncogene 2021; 40:2910-2922. [PMID: 33742120 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly fatal malignancy characterized by a vast amount of intra-tumoral fibroblasts. These fibroblasts are potentially implicated in maintaining the high aggressiveness of ICC, whereas its pro-cancer mechanisms remain scarcely reported. Here, by establishing co-culture models of ICC cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), we identified that HSCs triggered the expression of nuclear receptor family 4 subgroup A member 2 (NR4A2), a transcription factor previously reported as a molecular switch between inflammation and cancer, in ICC cells. Functionally, NR4A2 promotes tumor proliferation, metastatic potentiality and represents an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival in ICC patients. Mechanistically, NR4A2 upregulates osteopontin (OPN) expression through transcriptional activation and thereby augments the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Intriguingly, in the context of co-culture, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a previously proved NR4A2 stimulus, not only enhances NR4A2 expression, but also can be blunted by the interference of the NR4A2-OPN axis. Altogether, this study suggests the NR4A2/OPN/Wnt signaling axis to be a pivotal executor of HSC-instigated cancer-promoting roles in ICC, and the NR4A2/OPN/VEGF positive feedback loop may help to reinforce the effect.
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Butti R, Nimma R, Kundu G, Bulbule A, Kumar TVS, Gunasekaran VP, Tomar D, Kumar D, Mane A, Gill SS, Patil T, Weber GF, Kundu GC. Tumor-derived osteopontin drives the resident fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation through Twist1 to promote breast cancer progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:2002-2017. [PMID: 33603163 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-stroma interactions are important determinants for the disease course in cancer. While stromal influence has been known to often play a tumor-promoting role, incomplete mechanistic insight into this phenomenon has prevented its therapeutic targeting. Stromal fibroblasts can be activated by tumor cells to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), that exhibit the traits of myofibroblasts, and in turn, they increase cancer aggressiveness. Here, we report the crosstalk between the cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts that leads to tumor progression. The process is initiated by secretion of a chemokine like protein, osteopontin (OPN) from the cancer cells that differentiates the fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Tumor-derived OPN achieves this transition by engaging CD44 and αvβ3 integrins on the fibroblast surface, which mediates signaling via Akt and ERK to induce Twist1-dependent gene expression. The OPN-driven CAFs then secrete CXCL12, which in turn triggers epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the tumor cells. OPN, produced by the cancer cells, and CXCL12, secreted by activated fibroblasts, are necessary and sufficient to perpetuate the crosstalk. Knocking out OPN in carcinogen-induced mammary tumors or knocking down OPN in cancer cells and fibroblast co-implanted xenografts abrogates myofibroblast differentiation, Twist1, and CXCL12 expression. OPN expression is correlated with CAF-specific gene signature as shown by breast tumor tissue microarray consisting of 100 patient specimens. Bioinformatics analyses have confirmed that the expression of OPN is significantly correlated with the expression of myofibroblast-specific markers as demonstrated in human breast carcinoma dataset of 2509 patients. Our findings describe OPN and CXCL12 act as compelling targets to curb the tumor-promoting features of the stromal components and further suggested that OPN-regulated CXCL12 network might act as potential therapeutic target for the management of CAF-mediated breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Deepti Tomar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tushar Patil
- Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Gopal C Kundu
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India. .,School of Biotechnology and Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT Deemed to be University, Institute of Eminence, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
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Osteopontin Serum Concentration and Metabolic Syndrome in Male Psoriatic Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040755. [PMID: 33668559 PMCID: PMC7918436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps) is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that is widely associated with the clinical features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein involved in the modulation of inflammatory processes, may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and MetS. Therefore, the aim of the study was the assessment of the correlation between OPN concentration in the peripheral blood and the presence of MetS as well as its particular components in the Ps patients. The study comprised 107 male Ps patients (50 patients with MetS and 57 without MetS) and 38 healthy volunteers (HVs). The concentration of OPN in serum was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile components: total cholesterol (total CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL), triglycerides (TG) were examined. Ps patients with MetS had significantly higher obesity, systolic blood pressure, TG, CHOL/HDL, LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratios than Ps patients without MetS. OPN serum concentration was significantly higher in the Ps patients than in the HVs (p = 0.022) but not significantly different between the Ps patients with and without MetS (p = 0.275). OPN serum concentration in Ps patients correlated negatively with total CHOL (p = 0.004) and TG (p = 0.009). OPN is increased in Ps patients and may serve as a biomarker of some lipid abnormalities in them.
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Hughes AM, Kolb AD, Shupp AB, Shine KM, Bussard KM. Printing the Pathway Forward in Bone Metastatic Cancer Research: Applications of 3D Engineered Models and Bioprinted Scaffolds to Recapitulate the Bone-Tumor Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:507. [PMID: 33572757 PMCID: PMC7865550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, resulting in osteolytic lesions and poor patient quality of life. The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in cancer cell metastasis by means of the physical and biochemical cues it provides to support cellular crosstalk. Current two-dimensional in-vitro models lack the spatial and biochemical complexities of the native ECM and do not fully recapitulate crosstalk that occurs between the tumor and endogenous stromal cells. Engineered models such as bone-on-a-chip, extramedullary bone, and bioreactors are presently used to model cellular crosstalk and bone-tumor cell interactions, but fall short of providing a bone-biomimetic microenvironment. Three-dimensional bioprinting allows for the deposition of biocompatible materials and living cells in complex architectures, as well as provides a means to better replicate biological tissue niches in-vitro. In cancer research specifically, 3D constructs have been instrumental in seminal work modeling cancer cell dissemination to bone and bone-tumor cell crosstalk in the skeleton. Furthermore, the use of biocompatible materials, such as hydroxyapatite, allows for printing of bone-like microenvironments with the ability to be implanted and studied in in-vivo animal models. Moreover, the use of bioprinted models could drive the development of novel cancer therapies and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Alexus D. Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Alison B. Shupp
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Kristy M. Shine
- Health Design Lab, Jefferson Bioprinting Lab, Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen M. Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
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MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207710. [PMID: 33081056 PMCID: PMC7589112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The Myc family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, c-Myc (MYC) is the gene most strongly associated with cancer, and it is the focus of this review. It regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, self-renewal, survival, metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. More recently, novel studies have shown that MYC plays a role not only in tumor initiation and growth but also has a broader spectrum of functions in tumor progression. MYC contributes to angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration, which all lead to distant metastasis. Moreover, MYC is able to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness by recruiting stromal and tumor-infiltrating cells. In this review, we will dissect all of these novel functions and their involvement in the crosstalk between tumor and host, which have demonstrated that MYC is undoubtedly the master regulator of the tumor microenvironment. In sum, a better understanding of MYC’s role in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis development is crucial in proposing novel and effective cancer treatment strategies.
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Yamane M, Sato S, Shimizu E, Shibata S, Hayano M, Yaguchi T, Kamijuku H, Ogawa M, Suzuki T, Mukai S, Shimmura S, Okano H, Takeuchi T, Kawakami Y, Ogawa Y, Tsubota K. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype promotes chronic ocular graft-vs-host disease in mice and humans. FASEB J 2020; 34:10778-10800. [PMID: 32619061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900218r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multiple organs, including the lacrimal glands (LGs), are negatively affected by cGVHD and lose function due to the resultant fibrosis. An abnormal immune response is thought to be a major factor in the development of chronic ocular GVHD, which is currently treated primarily with immunosuppressive therapies. However, all the treatments yield unsatisfactory outcomes, and additional treatment strategies are needed. To meet this unmet medical need, we aimed to elucidate an additional pathway of chronic ocular GVHD. Our findings suggest a potential association between chronic ocular GVHD pathogenesis and stress-induced cellular senescence through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells produce cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-6 and CXCL9. Indeed, senescent cell accumulation was presumably associated with cGVHD development in LGs, as evidenced by the improvement in LGs after the selective elimination of senescent cells (senolysis) with ABT-263. Results in the sclerodermatous cGVHD mouse model suggest that inhibiting the major components of the SASP, including IL-6 and CXCL9, with senolytics is a potential novel strategy for treating cGVHD-affected LGs. Taken together, our results indicate a potential association between the SASP and cGVHD development in LGs and suggest that targeted senolytic treatment may be a new therapeutic option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinri Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamijuku
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Mukai
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang X, Chen S, Liu X, Yu M, Liu X. Drug Delivery Based on Nanotechnology for Target Bone Disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:782-792. [PMID: 31530265 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190917123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone diseases are a serious problem in modern human life. With the coming acceleration of global population ageing, this problem will become more and more serious. Due to the specific physiological characteristics and local microenvironment of bone tissue, it is difficult to deliver drugs to the lesion site. Therefore, the traditional orthopedic medicine scheme has the disadvantages of high drug frequency, large dose and relatively strong side effects. How to target deliver drugs to the bone tissue or even target cells is the focus of the development of new drugs. Nano drug delivery system with a targeting group can realize precise delivery of orthopedic drugs and effectively reduce the systemic toxicity. In addition, the application of bone tissue engineering scaffolds and biomedical materials to realize in situ drug delivery also are research hotspot. In this article, we briefly review the application of nanotechnology in targeted therapies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Yang
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shizhu Chen
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Niedolistek M, Fudalej MM, Sobiborowicz A, Liszcz A, Budzik MP, Sobieraj M, Patera J, Czerw A, Religioni U, Sobol M, Deptała A, Badowska-Kozakiewicz AM. Immunohistochemical evaluation of osteopontin expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Arch Med Sci 2020; 20:436-443. [PMID: 38757015 PMCID: PMC11094834 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2 and is the subgroup of breast cancers with the worst prognosis. Osteopontin is a phosphorylated glycoprotein whose overexpression may occur in pathological states such as cancers. The main purpose of our study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of osteopontin in connection with the analysis of recognized clinical and pathological prognostic factors in primary sites of TNBC with and without lymph node metastases. Material and methods The immunohistochemical evaluation of osteopontin expression in 35 women with TNBC, chosen from a group of 726 patients, was performed. The material came from the excisional biopsies of primary breast cancers and total mastectomies. Results All patients showed expression of osteopontin, in most cases the expression of osteopontin rated at [+] (57.1%) and [++] (42.9%). Our study analyzed the relationship between the expression of osteopontin and traditional prognostic markers, such as the tumor grade, size, and lymph node involvement. We found a strong relationship only between the expression of osteopontin and the presence of lymph node metastases (p ≤ 0.0001). 93% of patients for whom the expression of osteopontin was determined at [++] had metastasis to lymph nodes and, for comparison, only 15% of women for whom the expression of osteopontin was rated at [+] showed the presence of metastases in the lymphatic nodes. Conclusions There is a correlation between osteopontin expression and the presence of lymph node metastases in TNBC, suggesting that osteopontin plays an important role in the invasiveness of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niedolistek
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta M. Fudalej
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sobiborowicz
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Liszcz
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał P. Budzik
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sobieraj
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Patera
- Department of Pathomorphology, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czerw
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Religioni
- Collegium of Business Administration, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Deptała
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Wang W, Wang S, Zhang M. Evaluation of kininogen 1, osteopontin and α-1-antitrypsin in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and urine for lung squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2785-2792. [PMID: 32218831 PMCID: PMC7068235 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) progression is accompanied by changes in protein levels that may be reflected in body fluids, such as plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and urine. Certain proteins present in these biofluids can facilitate lung cancer diagnosis. Kininogen 1 (KNG1), osteopontin (OPN) and α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) are associated with tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to explore the combined monitoring of plasma, urine and BALF to gain insight into LUSC by monitoring the levels of the above three protein using ELISA. LUSC (n=31) and healthy controls with benign lung diseases (n=20) were enrolled in the study. KNG1 levels in plasma, BALF and urine were significantly higher in patients with LUSC patients than in controls (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P=0.0010, respectively). OPN was upregulated in the plasma and BALF of patients with LUSC relative to controls (P=0.0107 and P=0.0004, respectively), whereas its levels in the urine of healthy controls were significantly higher (P=0.0088). Patients with LUSC had higher AAT levels in plasma, BALF and urine compared with those of the controls (P=0.0022, P=0.0014 and P=0.0005, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for KNG1 in plasma, 0.91 in BALF and 0.81 in urine. The AUC for OPN was 0.71 in plasma, 0.83 in BALF and 0.75 in urine. The AUC for AAT was 0.74 in plasma, 0.74 in BALF and 0.86 in urine. Immunohistochemical staining in 20 paired LUSC and adjacent normal tissues showed that KNG1, OPN and AAT levels were higher in LUSC tissues. Therefore, our results showed that KNG1, OPN and AAT in biofluids might be useful for the diagnosis of LUSC. These markers in urine and BALF may be better than in plasma for detecting LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
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45
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Si J, Wang C, Zhang D, Wang B, Hou W, Zhou Y. Osteopontin in Bone Metabolism and Bone Diseases. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919159. [PMID: 31996665 PMCID: PMC7003659 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted phosphoprotein, is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of cell matrix proteins and participates in many biological activities. Studies have shown that OPN plays a role in bone metabolism and homeostasis. OPN not only is an important factor in neuron-mediated and endocrine-regulated bone mass, but also is involved in biological activities such as proliferation, migration, and adhesion of several bone-related cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. OPN has been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence and development of many bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteosarcoma. As expected, the functions of OPN in the bone have become a research hotspot. In this article, we try to decipher the mechanism of OPN-regulated bone metabolism and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Si
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Denghui Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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46
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Göthlin Eremo A, Lagergren K, Othman L, Montgomery S, Andersson G, Tina E. Evaluation of SPP1/osteopontin expression as predictor of recurrence in tamoxifen treated breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1451. [PMID: 31996744 PMCID: PMC6989629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen may experience recurrence due to endocrine resistance, which highlights the need for additional predictive and prognostic biomarkers. The glyco-phosphoprotein osteopontin (OPN), encoded by the SPP1 gene, has previously shown to be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. However, studies on the predictive value of OPN are inconclusive. In the present study, we evaluated tissue SPP1 mRNA and OPN protein expression as markers of recurrence in estrogen receptor- positive (ER+) breast cancer tissue. Tamoxifen- treated patients with recurrence or non-recurrence were selected using a matched case-control design. SPP1 mRNA expression was analysed using qPCR (n = 100) and OPN protein by immunohistochemistry (n = 116) using different antibodies. Odds ratios were estimated with conditional logistic regression. The SPP1 expression increased the risk of recurrence with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.30–4.82), after adjustment for tumour grade, HER 2 status and other treatments to OR 3.62 (95% CI; 1.45–9.07). However, OPN protein expression was not associated with risk of recurrence or with SPP1-gene expression, suggesting SPP1 mRNA a stronger prognostic marker candidate compared to tumor tissue OPN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Göthlin Eremo
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro university, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Kajsa Lagergren
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro university, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lana Othman
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro university, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Tina
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Role of JAK/STAT3 Signaling in the Regulation of Metastasis, the Transition of Cancer Stem Cells, and Chemoresistance of Cancer by Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010217. [PMID: 31952344 PMCID: PMC7017057 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway plays an essential role in various types of cancers. Activation of this pathway leads to increased tumorigenic and metastatic ability, the transition of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and chemoresistance in cancer via enhancing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT acts as a critical regulator in the progression of cancer and is involved in regulating invasion, spread, and survival. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates the failure of conventional therapies due to the acquisition of CSC properties. In this review, we summarize the effects of JAK/STAT3 activation on EMT and the generation of CSCs. Moreover, we discuss cutting-edge data on the link between EMT and CSCs in the tumor microenvironment that involves a previously unknown function of miRNAs, and also discuss new regulators of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Bone is the most frequent site of breast cancer and prostate cancer metastasis, and one of the most common sites of metastasis for many solid tumors. Once cancer cells colonize in the bone, it imposes a major clinical challenge for the treatment of the disease, and fatality rates increase drastically. Bone, the largest organ in the body, provides a fertile microenvironment enriched with nutrients, growth factors and hormones, a generous reward for cancer cells. Dependent on cancer type, cancer cells can cause osteoblastic (bone forming) or osteolytic lesions to promote the net resorption and/or release of growth factors from the bone extracellular matrix. These processes activate a "vicious cycle", leading to disruption of bone integrity and promoting cancer cell growth and migration. Cancer cells influence the bone microenvironment favoring their colonization and growth. In order to metastasize to the bone, cancer cells must first migrate from the site of origin, and once established within the bone, they must overcome the dormant inducing effects of resident cells. If successful, cancer cells can then colonize and continually disrupt bone homeostasis that is primarily maintained by osteocytes, the most abundant bone cell type. For example, it has been shown that exercise induces osteocytes to release anabolic factors that inhibit osteoclast resorptive activity, promote dormancy and the release of anti-cancer factors that inhibit breast cancer cell metastasis. In this review, we will summarize recent research findings and provide mechanistic insights related to the role of osteocytes in osteolytic metastasis.
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49
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Mirzaei H, Khodadad N, Karami C, Pirmoradi R, Khanizadeh S. The AP-1 pathway; A key regulator of cellular transformation modulated by oncogenic viruses. Rev Med Virol 2019; 30:e2088. [PMID: 31788897 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression is critically associated with modulation of host cell signaling pathways. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling is one such pathway whose deregulation renders the host more susceptible to cancer development. Oncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus, are common causes of cancer. This review discusses how these oncoviruses by acting through various aspects of the host cell signaling machinery such as the AP-1 pathway might affect oncoviral tumorigenesis, replication, and pathogenesis. The review also briefly considers how the pathway might be targeted during infections with these oncogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibollah Mirzaei
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Khodadad
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Chiman Karami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Pirmoradi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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50
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Huang J, Chang S, Lu Y, Wang J, Si Y, Zhang L, Cheng S, Jiang WG. Enhanced osteopontin splicing regulated by RUNX2 is HDAC-dependent and induces invasive phenotypes in NSCLC cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:306. [PMID: 31832019 PMCID: PMC6873507 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased cell mobility is a signature when tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. TGF-β is a key stimulating factor to promote the transcription of a variety of downstream genes to accelerate cancer progression and metastasis, including osteopontin (OPN) which exists in several functional forms as different splicing variants. In non-small cell lung cancer cells, although increased total OPN expression was observed under various EMT conditions, the exact constitution and the underlining mechanism towards the generation of such OPN splicing isoforms was poorly understood. Methods We investigated the possible mechanisms of osteopontin splicing variant and its role in EMT and cancer metastasis using NSCLC cell line and cell and molecular biology techniques. Results In this study, we determined that OPNc, an exon 4 excluded shorter form of Opn gene products, appeared to be more potent to promote cell invasion. The expression of OPNc was selectively increased to higher abundance during EMT following TGF-β induction. The switching from OPNa to OPNc could be enhanced by RUNX2 (a transcription factor that recognizes the Opn gene promoter) overexpression, but appeared to be strictly in a HDAC dependent manner in A549 cells. The results suggested the increase of minor splicing variant of OPNc required both (1) the enhanced transcription from its coding gene driven by specific transcription factors; and (2) the simultaneous modulation or fluctuation of the coupled splicing process that depends to selective classed of epigenetic regulators, predominately HDAC family members. Conclusion Our study not only emphasized the importance of splicing variant for its role in EMT and cancer metastasis, but also helped to understand the possible mechanisms of the epigenetic controls for defining the levels and kinetic of gene splicing isoforms and their generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- 1Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer & Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- 1Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer & Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yabin Lu
- 1Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jing Wang
- 1Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Yang Si
- 1Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University Hospital, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Shan Cheng
- 1Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer & Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- 4Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
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