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Aggarwal R, Jain N, Dubey GP. Design, synthesis and characterization of tetra substituted 2,3-dihydrothiazole derivatives as DNA and BSA targeting agents: advantages of the visible-light-induced multicomponent approach. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23152-23176. [PMID: 39040709 PMCID: PMC11262567 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This report describes the visible-light-induced one-pot multicomponent regioselective synthesis of a series of 5-aroyl-3-((arylidene)amino)-2-((arylidene)hydrazono)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazoles as DNA and BSA targeting agents. The multicomponent condensation of thiocarbohydrazide and aldehydes with α-bromo-1,3-diketones, generated in situ by the bromination of unsymmetrical 1,3-diketones with NBS using white LED light as an environmental friendly source in the presence of EtOAc solvent furnished the titled 2,3-dihydrothiazole derivatives in excellent yields. The exact regioisomeric structure was identified unambiguously by employing multinuclear 2D-NMR spectroscopy [1H-13C] HMBC; [1H-13C] HMQC and [1H-15N] HMBC. Furthermore, the binding characteristics of the synthesized 2,3-dihydrothiazole derivatives were assessed with double-stranded calf-thymus DNA duplex (ct-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Initial screening of all the synthesized 2,3-dihydrothiazole derivatives using various in silico techniques including molecular reactivity analysis, Lipinski rule and molecular docking, concluded 5-(4'-chlorobenzoyl)-3-((4''-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-2-(4'''-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazono)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazole derivative 6a as the most suitable compound for studying binding interaction with DNA and BSA. Additionally, to illustrate the ex vivo binding mode of 6a with DNA and BSA, several spectroscopic techniques viz. UV-visible, circular dichroism (CD), steady-state fluorescence and competitive displacement assays were carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 Haryana India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research New Delhi 110012 India +91-9896740740
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 Haryana India
| | - Gyan Prakash Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 Haryana India
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Mascarenhas S, Yeole M, Rao LP, do Rosario MC, Majethia P, Nair KV, Sharma S, Barala PK, Puri RD, Pal S, Siddiqui S, Shukla A. Report of a novel recurrent homozygous variant c.620A>T in three unrelated families with thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 and review of literature. Clin Dysmorphol 2024:00019605-990000000-00076. [PMID: 39140381 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biallelic variants in thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1 (TPK1) are known to cause thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (THMD5). This disorder is characterized by neuroregression, ataxia and dystonia with basal ganglia abnormalities on neuroimaging. To date, 27 families have been reported with THMD5 due to variants in TPK1. METHODS We ascertained three individuals from three unrelated families. Singleton exome sequencing was performed on all three individuals, followed by in silico mutagenesis of the mutant TPK protein. Additionally, we reviewed the genotypic and phenotypic information of 27 previously reported individuals with THMD5. RESULTS Singleton exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant c.620A>T p.(Asp207Val) in TPK1 (NM_022445.4) in all three individuals. In silico mutagenesis of the mutant protein revealed a decrease in protein stability and altered interactions with its neighboring residues compared to the wild-type protein. Thus, based on strikingly similar clinical and radiological findings compared to the previously reported individuals and with the support of in silico mutagenesis findings, the above-mentioned variant appears to be the probable cause for the condition observed in the affected individuals in this study. CONCLUSION We report a novel homozygous variant in TPK1, which appears to be recurrent among the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selinda Mascarenhas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Mayuri Yeole
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Lakshmi Priya Rao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Michelle C do Rosario
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Purvi Majethia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Karthik Vijay Nair
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
| | - Suvasini Sharma
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Praveen Kumar Barala
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Ratna Dua Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Swasti Pal
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Shahyan Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, STAR Institute of Neurosciences, STAR Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
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Ranjan Kumar R, Jain R, Akhtar S, Parveen N, Ghosh A, Sharma V, Singh S. Characterization of thiamine pyrophosphokinase of vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway as a drug target of Leishmania donovani. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5669-5685. [PMID: 37350670 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2227718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B1 is an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, particularly Transketolases. These enzymes are amenable to therapeutic interventions because of their specificity. In the final step of the Vitamin B1 biosynthesis pathway, Thiamine Pyrophosphokinase (TPK) converts thiamin into its active form, Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP), allowing researchers to investigate the functional importance of this enzyme and the pathway's dispensability in Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis. In this study, various in silico, biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays-based experiments have been conducted to identify and characterize LdTPK, and to provide a sound platform for the discovery of potential LdTPK inhibitors. LdTPK structural modelling ensured high protein quality. Oxythiamine and pyrithiamine were found to bind well with LdTPK with considerable binding energies, and MD simulation-based experiments indicated the stability of the complexation. Additionally, LdTPK1 was found to activate ROS defense in amastigotes, and its inhibition using oxythiamine and pyrithiamine led to the growth inhibition of L. donovani promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. These findings highlight LdTPK as a promising target for the development of new anti-leishmanial agents. An in-depth analysis of the enzymes involved in TPP biosynthesis in L. donovani has the potential to yield novel therapeutic strategies for Leishmaniasis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ranjan Kumar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravi Jain
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabir Akhtar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidha Parveen
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biology and Biotechnology, Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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4
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Ran L, Xu M, Zhang Z, Zeng X. The association of nutrient intake with epilepsy: A cross-sectional study from NHANES, 2013-2014. Epilepsy Res 2024; 200:107297. [PMID: 38215605 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary nutrient supplements are helpful in the treatment of many diseases, but their effect on epilepsy is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary intake of multiple nutrients and epilepsy. METHODS A total of 3963 participants from the NHANES database were involved in this study. We compared the dietary intake of 14 nutrients between the normal population and those with epilepsy. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to evaluate the association of these nutrients with epilepsy. RESULTS Compared with the normal population, the epilepsy patients showed lower intakes of protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, Fe, and Zn. Multivariable logistic regression showed the negative association of vitamin B1 (OR = 0.513, 95% CI: 0.293, 0.897) with epilepsy. When vitamin B1 was divided into 4 groups according to quartiles, the highest quartile showed a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.338, 95% CI: 0.115, 0.997) than that of the lowest quartile. In different population stratifications, the association of vitamin B1 with epilepsy was different. Vitamin B1 was negatively associated with the odds ratio of epilepsy among the elderly (OR = 0.243), low-income population (OR = 0.337), and current smokers (OR = 0.283). CONCLUSION Epilepsy patients had significantly lower intakes of vitamin B1, which was inversely associated with epilepsy risk. More detailed clinical trials are needed to accurately evaluate nutritional supplements for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mengchang Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Children Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China.
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Thompson ZE, Boyd NK, Khoshnood MM, Santoro JD. Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (THMD5) mimicking acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2868-2872. [PMID: 37589194 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the substrate of Thiamine pyrophosphate kinase (TPK), is an important cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism, specifically as a cofactor of the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) complex. The nervous system is particularly dependent on TPP due to its reliance on glucose metabolism. In this case, a four-year-old girl had a previously unreported pathogenic variant of the gene encoding TPK (TPK1) which presented as Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (THMD5; OMIM 614458). She had been diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and initially presented with fever and agitation following vaccinations. After follow-up with genetic testing, our patient was found to have compound heterozygous pathogenic variants of TPK1. After treatment with biotin and thiamine her clinical status improved, and her ASD features resolved. The presentation of our patient was consistent with previous reports and adds to the evidence that thiamine and biotin are effective treatments of TPK1 related metabolic deficiencies. The improvement of neurobehavioral symptoms in this case was marked, highlighting the importance of early identification and therapeutic intervention in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E Thompson
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zhao D, Liu M, Jiang H, Song T, Xu C, Duan X, Duan R, Xu H, Liu Z, Fang F. Thiamine pyrophosphokinase deficiency: report of two Chinese cases and a literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1173787. [PMID: 37622082 PMCID: PMC10446836 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1173787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK) deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of congenital metabolic dysfunction caused by variants in the TPK1 gene. TPK1 variants can lead to thiamine metabolic pathway obstacles, and its clinical manifestations are highly variable. We describe two cases of TPK deficiency with completely different phenotypes and different therapeutic effects, and 26 cases of previously reported were retrospectively reviewed to improve our understanding of the clinical and genetic features of the disease. Patients with TPK deficiency present with ataxia, dysarthria, dystonia, disturbance of consciousness, seizures, and other nervous system dysfunction. Different gene variant sites may lead to different clinical features and therapeutic effects. Gene analysis is important for the diagnosis of TPK deficiency caused by TPK1 variants, and thiamine supplementation has been the mainstay of treatment for TPK deficiency to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kareem O, Nisar S, Tanvir M, Muzaffer U, Bader GN. Thiamine deficiency in pregnancy and lactation: implications and present perspectives. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1080611. [PMID: 37153911 PMCID: PMC10158844 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1080611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, many physiologic changes occur in order to accommodate fetal growth. These changes require an increase in many of the nutritional needs to prevent long-term consequences for both mother and the offspring. One of the main vitamins that are needed throughout the pregnancy is thiamine (vitamin B1) which is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in many metabolic and physiologic processes in the human body. Thiamine deficiency during pregnancy can cause can have many cardiac, neurologic, and psychological effects on the mother. It can also dispose the fetus to gastrointestinal, pulmonological, cardiac, and neurologic conditions. This paper reviews the recently published literature about thiamine and its physiologic roles, thiamine deficiency in pregnancy, its prevalence, its impact on infants and subsequent consequences in them. This review also highlights the knowledge gaps within these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozaifa Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Ozaifa Kareem, ,
| | - Sobia Nisar
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Masood Tanvir
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, India
| | - G. N. Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- G. N. Bader,
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Li X, Huang Z, Chen Y, Sun X, Yi Z, Xie J, Yu X, Chen H, Zhong J. Case report of two affected siblings in a family with thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5: a rare, but treatable neurodegenerative disease. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:373. [PMID: 36175994 PMCID: PMC9520874 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (THMD5) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder due to thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1(TPK1) deficiency, caused by mutations in TPK1. The core symptoms of the disease is acute or subacute onset encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle hypotonia, and regression of developmental milestones in early infancy, repeatedly triggered by acute infectious illness. However, we report two brothers of THMD5 with compound heterozygous for the mutations c.614-1G > A,c.224 T > A p.(Ile75Asn), but the prognosis is quite different if thiamine suppled. According to our current knowledge, the missense variant c.224 T > A p.(Ile75Asn) was not published previously. Case presentation Here, we describe two affected siblings in a Chinese family, after an uneventful pregnancy to non-consanguineous and healthy parents. The older brother presented with normal development during the first 6 months of life, but developed regression of developmental milestones after, accompanied with muscle hypotonia, and chronic encephalopathy, and died at 1 year and 6 months old. The younger brother presented with acute onset encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle hypotonia, repeatedly triggered by acute infectious illness. He was compound heterozygous for the mutations c.614-1G > A,c.224 T > A p.(Ile75Asn) identified by whole exome sequencing. He was diagnosed of THMD5 when he was 11 month. Oral supplementation of thiamine 100 mg/day, the symptoms gradually disappeared. At the age of 2 years and 4 months, he stoped thiamine, his symptoms returned and were once again relieved by oral supplementation of thiamine 100 mg/day. Conclusions THMD5 is a rare, but treatable neurodegenerative disease, the clinical phenotype ranges from mild to severe. Massive-dose of thiamine supplementation may ameliorate the course of TPK1 deficiency. When similar clinical cases appear, gene detection is particularly important, which is conducive to early diagnosis. Treatment with thiamine while awaiting the outcome of diagnostic tests may be a good choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaolan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhaoshi Yi
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jihua Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiongying Yu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Central Nervous System Metabolism in Autism, Epilepsy and Developmental Delays: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050371. [PMID: 35629876 PMCID: PMC9148155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with metabolic pathway imbalances; however, most metabolic measurements are made peripherally, leaving central metabolic disturbances under-investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid obtained intraoperatively from children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 34), developmental delays (DD, n = 20), and those without known DD/ASD (n = 34) was analyzed using large-scale targeted mass spectrometry. Eighteen also had epilepsy (EPI). Metabolites significantly related to ASD, DD and EPI were identified by linear models and entered into metabolite–metabolite network pathway analysis. Common disrupted pathways were analyzed for each group of interest. Central metabolites most involved in metabolic pathways were L-cysteine, adenine, and dodecanoic acid for ASD; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, L-aspartic acid, and glycine for EPI; and adenosine triphosphate, L-glutamine, ornithine, L-arginine, L-lysine, citrulline, and L-homoserine for DD. Amino acid and energy metabolism pathways were most disrupted in all disorders, but the source of the disruption was different for each disorder. Disruption in vitamin and one-carbon metabolism was associated with DD and EPI, lipid pathway disruption was associated with EPI and redox metabolism disruption was related to ASD. Two microbiome metabolites were also detected in the CSF: shikimic and cis-cis-muconic acid. Overall, this study provides increased insight into unique metabolic disruptions in distinct but overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Sambon M, Pavlova O, Alhama-Riba J, Wins P, Brans A, Bettendorff L. Product inhibition of mammalian thiamine pyrophosphokinase is an important mechanism for maintaining thiamine diphosphate homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130071. [PMID: 34942318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), an indispensable cofactor for oxidative energy metabolism, is synthesized through the reaction thiamine + ATP ⇆ ThDP + AMP, catalyzed by thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1 (TPK1), a cytosolic dimeric enzyme. It was claimed that the equilibrium of the reaction is in favor of the formation of thiamine and ATP, at odds with thermodynamic calculations. Here we show that this discrepancy is due to feedback inhibition by the product ThDP. METHODS We used a purified recombinant mouse TPK1 to study reaction kinetics in the forward (physiological) and for the first time also in the reverse direction. RESULTS Keq values reported previously are strongly underestimated, due to the fact the reaction in the forward direction rapidly slows down and reaches a pseudo-equilibrium as ThDP accumulates. We found that ThDP is a potent non-competitive inhibitor (Ki ≈ 0.4 μM) of the forward reaction. In the reverse direction, a true equilibrium is reached with a Keq of about 2 × 10-5, strongly in favor of ThDP formation. In the reverse direction, we found a very low Km for ThDP (0.05 μM), in agreement with a tight binding of ThDP to the enzyme. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of TPK1 by ThDP explains why intracellular ThDP levels remain low after administration of even very high doses of thiamine. Understanding the consequences of this feedback inhibition is essential for developing reliable methods for measuring TPK activity in tissue extracts and for optimizing the therapeutic use of thiamine and its prodrugs with higher bioavailability under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Sambon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Oleksandra Pavlova
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Judit Alhama-Riba
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Spain
| | - Pierre Wins
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Brans
- Protein Factory, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Aleshin VA, Graf AV, Artiukhov AV, Boyko AI, Ksenofontov AL, Maslova MV, Nogués I, di Salvo ML, Bunik VI. Physiological and Biochemical Markers of the Sex-Specific Sensitivity to Epileptogenic Factors, Delayed Consequences of Seizures and Their Response to Vitamins B1 and B6 in a Rat Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080737. [PMID: 34451834 PMCID: PMC8400147 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbed metabolism of vitamins B1 or B6, which are essential for neurotransmitters homeostasis, may cause seizures. Our study aims at revealing therapeutic potential of vitamins B1 and B6 by estimating the short- and long-term effects of their combined administration with the seizure inductor pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The PTZ dose dependence of a seizure and its parameters according to modified Racine’s scale, along with delayed physiological and biochemical consequences the next day after the seizure are assessed regarding sexual dimorphism in epilepsy. PTZ sensitivity is stronger in the female than the male rats. The next day after a seizure, sex differences in behavior and brain biochemistry arise. The induced sex differences in anxiety and locomotor activity correspond to the disappearance of sex differences in the brain aspartate and alanine, with appearance of those in glutamate and glutamine. PTZ decreases the brain malate dehydrogenase activity and urea in the males and the phenylalanine in the females. The administration of vitamins B1 and B6 24 h before PTZ delays a seizure in female rats only. This desensitization is not observed at short intervals (0.5–2 h) between the administration of the vitamins and PTZ. With the increasing interval, the pyridoxal kinase (PLK) activity in the female brain decreases, suggesting that the PLK downregulation by vitamins contributes to the desensitization. The delayed effects of vitamins and/or PTZ are mostly sex-specific and interacting. Our findings on the sex differences in sensitivity to epileptogenic factors, action of vitamins B1/B6 and associated biochemical events have medical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational, Cognitive and Socio-Humanistic Sciences and Technologies at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Alexandra I. Boyko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Isabel Nogués
- Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Martino L. di Salvo
- Department of Biological Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.A.); (A.I.B.)
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (A.L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Rüsch CT, Wortmann SB, Kovacs-Nagy R, Grehten P, Häberle J, Latal B, Stettner GM. Thiamine Pyrophosphokinase Deficiency due to Mutations in the TPK1 Gene: A Rare, Treatable Neurodegenerative Disorder. Neuropediatrics 2021; 52:126-132. [PMID: 33231275 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TPK deficiency due to TPK1 mutations is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, also known as thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (OMIM no.: 614458). Here, we report a new patient with compound heterozygous TPK1 mutations, of which one has not been described so far. The individual reported here suffered from acute onset encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle hypotonia, and regression of developmental milestones in early infancy, repeatedly triggered by febrile infections. Initiation of high-dose thiamine and magnesium supplementation led to a marked and sustained improvement of alertness, ataxia, and muscle tone within days. Contrary to the described natural history of patients with TPK deficiency, the disease course was favorable under thiamine treatment without deterioration or developmental regression during the follow-up period. TPK deficiency is a severe neurodegenerative disease. This case report demonstrates that this condition is potentially treatable. High-dose thiamine treatment should therefore be initiated immediately after diagnosis or even upon suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T Rüsch
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Paracelcus Medical University (PMU), University Children's Hospital, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reka Kovacs-Nagy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrice Grehten
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Division of Child Department and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Stettner
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Pacei F, Tesone A, Laudi N, Laudi E, Cretti A, Pnini S, Varesco F, Colombo C. The Relevance of Thiamine Evaluation in a Practical Setting. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092810. [PMID: 32933220 PMCID: PMC7551939 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is a crucial cofactor involved in the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism and participates in multiple cellular metabolic processes. Although thiamine can be obtained from various food sources, some common food groups are deficient in thiamine, and it can be denatured by high temperature and pH. Additionally, different drugs can alter thiamine metabolism. In addition, the half-life of thiamine in the body is between 1 and 3 weeks. All these factors could provide an explanation for the relatively short period needed to develop thiamine deficiency and observe the consequent clinical symptoms. Thiamine deficiency could lead to neurological and cardiological problems. These clinical conditions could be severe or even fatal. Marginal deficiency too may promote weaker symptoms that might be overlooked. Patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal or pancreatic surgery could have or develop thiamine deficiency for many different reasons. To achieve the best outcome for these patients, we strongly recommend the execution of both an adequate preoperative nutritional assessment, which includes thiamine evaluation, and a close nutritional follow up to avoid a nutrient deficit in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pacei
- ASST Nord Milano, UOC Neurologia, Ospedale Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonella Tesone
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Nazzareno Laudi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Emanuele Laudi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Anna Cretti
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Shira Pnini
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabio Varesco
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Lombardy Regional Course for General Practitioner, PoliS-Lombardia, Via Taramelli 12/F, 20100 Milano, Italy;
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14
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Zhu B, Wu J, Chen G, Chen L, Yao Y. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Mutation of TPK1 in a Chinese Family with Recurrent Ataxia. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1237-1243. [PMID: 32361878 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TPK deficiency, also known as thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of inborn error of metabolism caused by TPK1 gene mutation. Its clinical manifestation is highly variable, ranging from spontaneous remission to fatal metabolic crisis. Here, we describe two affected siblings in a Chinese family presenting with recurrent episodes of acute ataxia. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant c.382C > T (p.Leu128Phe) in the TPK gene, which is located in the thiamine binding domain and affects a highly conserved amino acid. Besides, a review of the 18 previously reported patients provides a better understanding of the clinical and genetic features of this disorder. TPK deficiency may be an under-diagnosed cause of acute encephalopathy and ataxia. Given the potential benefit of early intervention, TPK deficiency should be considered in patients with episodic encephalopathy or ataxia, especially those associated with lactic acidosis and α-ketoglutaric aciduria. Significant decreased TPP in the blood is a strong hint of the disease. WES (whole exome sequencing) can help to further identify the molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Jinzhun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yonghua Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
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15
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Schubert Baldo M, Vilarinho L. Molecular basis of Leigh syndrome: a current look. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:31. [PMID: 31996241 PMCID: PMC6990539 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh Syndrome (OMIM 256000) is a heterogeneous neurologic disorder due to damage in mitochondrial energy production that usually starts in early childhood. The first description given by Leigh pointed out neurological symptoms in children under 2 years and premature death. Following cases brought some hypothesis to explain the cause due to similarity to other neurological diseases and led to further investigation for metabolic diseases. Biochemical evaluation and specific metabolic profile suggested impairment in energy production (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. As direct approach to involved tissues is not always possible or safe, molecular analysis is a great cost-effective option and, besides biochemical results, is required to confirm the underlying cause of this syndrome face to clinical suspicion. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) advance represented a breakthrough in molecular biology allowing simultaneous gene analysis giving short-time results and increasing the variants underlying this syndrome, counting over 75 monogenic causes related so far. NGS provided confirmation of emerging cases and brought up diagnosis in atypical presentations as late-onset cases, which turned Leigh into a heterogeneous syndrome with variable outcomes. This review highlights clinical presentation in both classic and atypical phenotypes, the investigation pathway throughout confirmation emphasizing the underlying genetic heterogeneity and increasing number of genes assigned to this syndrome as well as available treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schubert Baldo
- Newborn screening, metabolism and genetics unit - human genetics department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Newborn screening, metabolism and genetics unit - human genetics department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Porto, Portugal
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