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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Chi K, Liu J, Li X, Wang H, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Ge Y. Biomarkers of heart failure: advances in omics studies. Mol Omics 2024; 20:169-183. [PMID: 38224222 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by progressive circulatory dysfunction, manifesting clinically as pulmonary and systemic venous congestion, alongside inadequate tissue perfusion. The early identification of HF, particularly at the mild and moderate stages (stages B and C), presents a clinical challenge due to the overlap of signs, symptoms, and natriuretic peptide levels with other cardiorespiratory pathologies. Nonetheless, early detection coupled with timely pharmacological intervention is imperative for enhancing patient outcomes. Advances in high-throughput omics technologies have enabled researchers to analyze patient-derived biofluids and tissues, discovering biomarkers that are sensitive and specific for HF diagnosis. Due to the diversity of HF etiology, it is insufficient to study the diagnostic data of early HF using a single omics technology. This study reviewed the latest progress in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for the identification of HF biomarkers, offering novel insights into the early clinical diagnosis of HF. However, the validity of biomarkers depends on the disease status, intervention time, genetic diversity and comorbidities of the subjects. Moreover, biomarkers lack generalizability in different clinical settings. Hence, it is imperative to conduct multi-center, large-scale and standardized clinical trials to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and utility of HF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chi
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xinghua Li
- Changzhi People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanliang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Qingnan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuan Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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3
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Pang X, Guan Q, Lin X, Chang N. Knockdown of HDAC6 alleviates ventricular remodeling in experimental dilated cardiomyopathy via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promotion of cardiomyocyte autophagy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2365-2379. [PMID: 35764897 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been implicated in cardiac diseases, while the role of HDAC6 in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains obscure. The in silico analyses predicted potential association of HDAC6 with autophagy-related genes and DCM. Thus, we evaluated the functional relevance of HDAC6 in DCM in vivo and in vitro. We developed a rat model in vivo and a cell model in vitro by doxorubicin (DOX) induction to simulate DCM. HDAC6 expression was determined in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. DCM rats exhibited elevated HDAC6 mRNA and protein expression as compared to sham-operated rats. We knocked HDAC6 down and/or overexpressed NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro to characterize their roles in cardiomyocyte autophagy. It was established that shRNA-mediated HDAC6 silencing augmented cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus ameliorating cardiac injury in myocardial tissues of DCM rats. Besides, in DOX-injured cardiomyocytes, HDAC6 silencing also diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell apoptosis but enhanced cell autophagy, whereas ectopic NLRP3 expression negated the effects of HDAC6 silencing. Since HDAC6 knockdown correlates with enhanced cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation through an interplay with NLRP3, it is expected to be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for DCM. 1. HDAC6 was up-regulated in DCM rats. 2. HDAC6 knockdown promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy to relieve cardiac dysfunction. 3. HDAC6 knockdown inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted cardiomyocyte autophagy. 4. Silencing HDAC6 promoted autophagy and repressed apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. 5. This study provides novel therapeutic targets for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigang Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Eto R, Kawano H, Matsuyama-Matsuu M, Matsuda K, Ueki N, Nakashima M, Okano S, Ishijima M, Kawakatsu M, Watanabe J, Yoshimuta T, Ikeda S, Maemura K. Ubiquitin, p62, and Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 in Cardiomyopathy. Circ Rep 2023; 5:323-330. [PMID: 37564875 PMCID: PMC10411995 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-23-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins has been detected in diseased hearts and has been associated with the expression of p62 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), which are related to autophagy. We evaluated differences in ubiquitin accumulation and p62 and LC3 expression in cardiomyopathy using endomyocardial biopsies. Methods and Results: We studied 24 patients (aged 24-70 years; mean age 55 years) diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), or non-cardiomyopathy (NCM) who underwent endomyocardial biopsy. Biopsied samples were evaluated by microscopy for ubiquitin accumulation and expression of p62 and LC3. Ubiquitin accumulation and p62 and LC3 expression were observed in all patients. Ubiquitin accumulation was higher in DCM than in HCM or NCM; p62 expression was higher in DCM than in HCM. There were no significant differences in LC3 expression among the groups. Ubiquitin accumulation was significantly related to serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide concentration and the expression of p62, but not LC3. Conclusions: Ubiquitin accumulation was more prominent in DCM than in HCM and NCM, which may be due to a relative shortage of clearance, including autophagy, compared with production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Eto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Mutsumi Matsuyama-Matsuu
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Katsuya Matsuda
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Nozomi Ueki
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Shinji Okano
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital Nagasaki Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishijima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Miho Kawakatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Jumpei Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshimuta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
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Rocca C, Angelone T. Emerging Molecular Determinants and Protective Strategies in Heart Disease: What's New in the Journal of Clinical Medicine? Outlook to the Future. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4564. [PMID: 37510677 PMCID: PMC10380339 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attacks, stroke, heart failure (HF), and peripheral artery disease, still represent the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors: role in protective reprogramming of cardiac nutrient transport and metabolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:443-462. [PMID: 36609604 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure events by direct action on the failing heart that is independent of changes in renal tubular function. In the failing heart, nutrient transport into cardiomyocytes is increased, but nutrient utilization is impaired, leading to deficient ATP production and the cytosolic accumulation of deleterious glucose and lipid by-products. These by-products trigger downregulation of cytoprotective nutrient-deprivation pathways, thereby promoting cellular stress and undermining cellular survival. SGLT2 inhibitors restore cellular homeostasis through three complementary mechanisms: they might bind directly to nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus sensors to promote their cytoprotective actions; they can increase the synthesis of ATP by promoting mitochondrial health (mediated by increasing autophagic flux) and potentially by alleviating the cytosolic deficiency in ferrous iron; and they might directly inhibit glucose transporter type 1, thereby diminishing the cytosolic accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products and promoting the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The increase in autophagic flux mediated by SGLT2 inhibitors also promotes the clearance of harmful glucose and lipid by-products and the disposal of dysfunctional mitochondria, allowing for mitochondrial renewal through mitochondrial biogenesis. This Review describes the orchestrated interplay between nutrient transport and metabolism and nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus signalling, to explain how SGLT2 inhibitors reverse the profound nutrient, metabolic and cellular abnormalities observed in heart failure, thereby restoring the myocardium to a healthy molecular and cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Lu H, Xie Y, Zhou Z, Hong P, Chen J. Identification of Novel Targets for Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Based on the Ferroptosis and Immune Heterogeneity. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2461-2476. [PMID: 37334346 PMCID: PMC10276607 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s407588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to identify new targets for treatment and diagnosis of DCM. Methods GSE116250 and GSE145154 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Unsupervised consensus clustering of DCM patients was used to confirm the impact of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-related hub genes were identified by WGCNA and single cell sequencing analyses. Finally, we established a DCM mouse model via injection of Doxorubicin to verify the expression level of OTUD1 and colocalization between cell markers and OTUD1 in DCM mouse heart. Results A total of 13 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The DCM patients were divided into two clusters according to the expression of 13 DEGs. The DCM patients in different clusters showed discrepancies in immune infiltration. Four hub genes were further identified by WGCNA analysis. Single cell data analysis revealed that OTUD1 may regulate B cells and DC cells and then participate in immune infiltration discrepancy. The upregulation of OTUD1 and the colocalization of OTUD1 with CD19 (B cell maker) and CD11c (DCs markers) markers were confirmed in DCM mouse hearts. Conclusion Ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment are closely associated with DCM, and OTUD1 may play an important role through B cells and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyou Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijian Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang S, Wei X, Zhang H, Wu Y, Jing J, Huang R, Zhou T, Hu J, Wu Y, Li Y, You Z. Doxorubicin downregulates autophagy to promote apoptosis-induced dilated cardiomyopathy via regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114691. [PMID: 37060659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad-spectrum antineoplastic drug doxorubicin (DOX) has one of the most serious chronic side effects on the heart, dilated cardiomyopathy, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression subsequent to long latency periods remain puzzling. Here, we established a model of DOX-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. In a cardiac cytology exploration, we found that differentially expressed genes in the KEGG signaling pathway enrichment provided a novel complex network of mTOR bridging autophagy and oxidative stress. Validation results showed that DOX caused intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in cardiomyocytes, disrupted mitochondria, led to imbalanced intracellular energy metabolism, and triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis showed a negative correlation with DOX-regulated cardiomyocyte autophagy. To evaluate whether the inhibition of mTOR could upregulate autophagy to protect cardiomyocytes, we used rapamycin to restore autophagy depressed by DOX. Rapamycin increased cardiomyocyte survival by easing the autophagic flux blocked by DOX. In addition, rapamycin reduced oxidative stress, prevented mitochondrial damage, and restored energy metabolic homeostasis in DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. In vivo, we used metformin (Met) which is an AMPK activator to protect cardiac tissue to alleviate DOX-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. In this study, Met significantly attenuated the oxidative stress response of myocardial tissue caused by DOX and activated cardiomyocyte autophagy to maintain cardiomyocyte energy metabolism and reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis by downregulating mTOR activity. Overall, our study revealed the role of autophagy and apoptosis in DOX-induced dilated cardiomyopathy and demonstrated the potential role of regulation of the AMPK/mTOR axis in the treatment of DOX-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Center for Safety Evaluation and Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Wei
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youping Wu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Jing
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueguo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenqiang You
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Ye LF, Weng JY, Wu LD. Integrated genomic analysis defines molecular subgroups in dilated cardiomyopathy and identifies novel biomarkers based on machine learning methods. Front Genet 2023; 14:1050696. [PMID: 36824437 PMCID: PMC9941670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As the most common cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) often leads to progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. This study was designed to investigate the molecular subgroups of DCM. Methods: Three datasets of DCM were downloaded from GEO database (GSE17800, GSE79962 and GSE3585). After log2-transformation and background correction with "limma" package in R software, the three datasets were merged into a metadata cohort. The consensus clustering was conducted by the "Consensus Cluster Plus" package to uncover the molecular subgroups of DCM. Moreover, clinical characteristics of different molecular subgroups were compared in detail. We also adopted Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis based on subgroup-specific signatures of gene expression profiles to further explore the specific gene modules of each molecular subgroup and its biological function. Two machine learning methods of LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm was used to screen out the genetic biomarkers, of which the discriminative ability of molecular subgroups was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Based on the gene expression profiles, heart tissue samples from patients with DCM were clustered into three molecular subgroups. No statistical difference was found in age, body mass index (BMI) and left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDD) among three molecular subgroups. However, the results of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) statistics showed that patients from subgroup 2 had a worse condition than the other group. We found that some of the gene modules (pink, black and grey) in WGCNA analysis were significantly related to cardiac function, and each molecular subgroup had its specific gene modules functions in modulating occurrence and progression of DCM. LASSO regression algorithm and SVM-RFE algorithm was used to further screen out genetic biomarkers of molecular subgroup 2, including TCEAL4, ISG15, RWDD1, ALG5, MRPL20, JTB and LITAF. The results of ROC curves showed that all of the genetic biomarkers had favorable discriminative effectiveness. Conclusion: Patients from different molecular subgroups have their unique gene expression patterns and different clinical characteristics. More personalized treatment under the guidance of gene expression patterns should be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Ye
- Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University,Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li-Da Wu, ; Jia-Yi Weng,
| | - Li-Da Wu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Li-Da Wu, ; Jia-Yi Weng,
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Ambrosini S, Montecucco F, Kolijn D, Pedicino D, Akhmedov A, Mohammed SA, Herwig M, Gorica E, Szabó PL, Weber L, Russo G, Vinci R, Matter CM, Liuzzo G, Brown PJ, Rossi FMV, Camici GG, Sciarretta S, Beltrami AP, Crea F, Podesser B, Lüscher TF, Kiss A, Ruschitzka F, Hamdani N, Costantino S, Paneni F. Methylation of the Hippo effector YAP by the methyltransferase SETD7 drives myocardial ischaemic injury: a translational study. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3374-3385. [PMID: 35709329 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Methylation of non-histone proteins is emerging as a central regulatory mechanism in health and disease. The methyltransferase SETD7 has shown to methylate and alter the function of a variety of proteins in vitro; however, its function in the heart is poorly understood. The present study investigates the role of SETD7 in myocardial ischaemic injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), SETD7 knockout mice (SETD7-/-) undergoing myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, left ventricular (LV) myocardial samples from patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ST-elevation MI (STEMI). We show that SETD7 is activated upon energy deprivation in cultured NRVMs and methylates the Hippo pathway effector YAP, leading to its cytosolic retention and impaired transcription of antioxidant genes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT). Such impairment of antioxidant defence was associated with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), organelle swelling, and apoptosis. Selective pharmacological inhibition of SETD7 by (R)-PFI-2 restored YAP nuclear localization, thus preventing mtROS, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in NRVMs. In mice, genetic deletion of SETD7 attenuated myocardial I/R injury, mtROS, and LV dysfunction by restoring YAP-dependent transcription of MnSOD and CAT. Moreover, in cardiomyocytes isolated from I/R mice and ICM patients, (R)-PFI-2 prevented mtROS accumulation, while improving Ca2+-activated tension. Finally, SETD7 was up-regulated in PBMCs from STEMI patients and negatively correlated with MnSOD and CAT. CONCLUSION We show a methylation-dependent checkpoint regulating oxidative stress during myocardial ischaemia. SETD7 inhibition may represent a valid therapeutic strategy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Detmar Kolijn
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Moscati, 31, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Herwig
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Petra L Szabó
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Lukas Weber
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Giulio Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Moscati, 31, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Vinci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Moscati, 31, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Moscati, 31, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Univerity of Toronto, MaRS South Tower, Suite 700101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, C.so della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina LT, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | - Antonio P Beltrami
- University of Udine, Piazzale Massimiliano Kolbe, 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Toraciche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Moscati, 31, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Podesser
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College and King's College, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research at the Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Alonso-Villa E, Bonet F, Hernandez-Torres F, Campuzano Ó, Sarquella-Brugada G, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Mangas A, Toro R. The Role of MicroRNAs in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: New Insights for an Old Entity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113573. [PMID: 36362356 PMCID: PMC9659086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinical diagnosis characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. In most cases, DCM is progressive, leading to heart failure (HF) and death. This cardiomyopathy has been considered a common and final phenotype of several entities. DCM occurs when cellular pathways fail to maintain the pumping function. The etiology of this disease encompasses several factors, such as ischemia, infection, autoimmunity, drugs or genetic susceptibility. Although the prognosis has improved in the last few years due to red flag clinical follow-up, early familial diagnosis and ongoing optimization of treatment, due to its heterogeneity, there are no targeted therapies available for DCM based on each etiology. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DCM will provide novel therapeutic strategies against this cardiac disease and their different triggers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or, to a lesser extent, degradation. A growing number of studies have demonstrated critical functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including DCM, by regulating mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease. Herein, we summarize the role of miRNAs in inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, exclusively in the context of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alonso-Villa
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Campuzano
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Quezada-Feijoo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ramos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alipio Mangas
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
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12
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Machine learning and bioinformatics to identify 8 autophagy-related biomarkers and construct gene regulatory networks in dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15030. [PMID: 36056063 PMCID: PMC9440113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition of impaired ventricular remodeling and systolic diastole that is often complicated by arrhythmias and heart failure with a poor prognosis. This study attempted to identify autophagy-related genes (ARGs) with diagnostic biomarkers of DCM using machine learning and bioinformatics approaches. Differential analysis of whole gene microarray data of DCM from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was performed using the NetworkAnalyst 3.0 platform. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) matching (|log2FoldChange ≥ 0.8, p value < 0.05|) were obtained in the GSE4172 dataset by merging ARGs from the autophagy gene libraries, HADb and HAMdb, to obtain autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (AR-DEGs) in DCM. The correlation analysis of AR-DEGs and their visualization were performed using R language. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and combined multi-database pathway analysis were served by the Enrichr online enrichment analysis platform. We used machine learning to screen the diagnostic biomarkers of DCM. The transcription factors gene regulatory network was constructed by the JASPAR database of the NetworkAnalyst 3.0 platform. We also used the drug Signatures database (DSigDB) drug database of the Enrichr platform to screen the gene target drugs for DCM. Finally, we used the DisGeNET database to analyze the comorbidities associated with DCM. In the present study, we identified 23 AR-DEGs of DCM. Eight (PLEKHF1, HSPG2, HSF1, TRIM65, DICER1, VDAC1, BAD, TFEB) molecular markers of DCM were obtained by two machine learning algorithms. Transcription factors gene regulatory network was established. Finally, 10 gene-targeted drugs and complications for DCM were identified.
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13
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Liang W, Gustafsson ÅB. Recent Insights into the Role of Autophagy in the Heart. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Malavolta M, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Strizzi S, Cardelli M, Bigossi G, Marcozzi S, Tiano L, Marcheggiani F, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Olivieri F, Crivellari I, Beltrami AP, Serra A, Demaria M, Provinciali M. Simple Detection of Unstained Live Senescent Cells with Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162506. [PMID: 36010584 PMCID: PMC9406876 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging and a promising target for therapeutic approaches. The identification of senescent cells requires multiple biomarkers and complex experimental procedures, resulting in increased variability and reduced sensitivity. Here, we propose a simple and broadly applicable imaging flow cytometry (IFC) method. This method is based on measuring autofluorescence and morphological parameters and on applying recent artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools. We show that the results of this method are superior to those obtained measuring the classical senescence marker, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). We provide evidence that this method has the potential for diagnostic or prognostic applications as it was able to detect senescence in cardiac pericytes isolated from the hearts of patients affected by end-stage heart failure. We additionally demonstrate that it can be used to quantify senescence “in vivo” and can be used to evaluate the effects of senolytic compounds. We conclude that this method can be used as a simple and fast senescence assay independently of the origin of the cells and the procedure to induce senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0718004116
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Strizzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Marcozzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Crivellari
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Serra
- Luminex B.V., Het Zuiderkruis 1, 5215 MV ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
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15
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Xiong Y, Jiang L, Li T. Aberrant branched-chain amino acid catabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:965899. [PMID: 35911554 PMCID: PMC9334649 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.965899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Research has focused on the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. There are three types of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) required for protein homeostasis, energy balance, and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence has implicated BCAAs in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the biological origin, signal transduction pathways and function of BCAAs as well as their significance in cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Li,
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16
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Ferreira JP, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Ferrão D, Saraiva F, Falcão-Pires I, Neves JS, Sharma A, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Leite-Moreira A. Fenofibrate and Heart Failure Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis From ACCORD. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1584-1591. [PMID: 35320363 PMCID: PMC9274224 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high risk for developing heart failure (HF), which is associated with poor prognosis. Fenofibrate may reduce HF events through multiple mechanisms. We sought to study the effect of fenofibrate (vs. placebo) in HF outcomes among patients with T2D receiving simvastatin enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes lipid trial (ACCORD Lipid). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used Cox regression analysis with background glucose-lowering strategy as the stratification variable. The median follow-up was 4.7 years. RESULTS A total of 5,518 patients were included. Median age was 62 years, and 31% were women. Prior HF history was present in 5% of the patients. The composite outcome of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death occurred in 190 (6.9%) patients in the fenofibrate group vs. 228 (8.3%) in the placebo group: HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68-1.00 (P = 0.048). The beneficial effect of fenofibrate to reduce HF hospitalizations or cardiovascular death was present among patients receiving standard glucose-lowering strategy, HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.85, and not among patients receiving intensive glucose-lowering strategy, HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.79-1.33 (Pinteraction = 0.017). A similar pattern was observed for HF hospitalizations alone. The effect of fenofibrate on blood lipids was not influenced by background glucose-lowering therapy in a clinically important manner. Fenofibrate caused more transient worsening estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) events but slowed long-term eGFR decline. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D treated with simvastatin, fenofibrate reduced the composite of HF hospitalizations or cardiovascular mortality, an effect that was seen predominantly in patients with standard background glucose-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques - Plurithématique 14-33, Université de Lorraine, and INSERM U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France.,Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Ferrão
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Saraiva
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- DREAM-CV Lab, Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques - Plurithématique 14-33, Université de Lorraine, and INSERM U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques - Plurithématique 14-33, Université de Lorraine, and INSERM U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Sun X, Duan J, Gong C, Feng Y, Hu J, Gu R, Xu B. Colchicine Ameliorates Dilated Cardiomyopathy Via SIRT2-Mediated Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025266. [PMID: 35766262 PMCID: PMC9333380 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy remains a leading cause of heart failure worldwide. Immune inflammation response is recognized as a significant player in the progression of heart failure; however, immunomodulatory strategies remain a long-term challenge. Colchicine, a potent anti-inflammatory drug, has many benefits in ischemic cardiovascular events, but its role in nonischemic heart failure remains unclear. Methods and Results Doxorubicin administration was used to establish a murine dilated cardiomyopathy model, and colchicine or saline was orally given. At the end point, cardiac function and fibrosis were measured to investigate the effects of colchicine. Inflammatory cytokine levels, neutrophil recruitment, and NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome activation were detected to evaluate the inflammatory response. Furthermore, to examine the downstream target of colchicine, SIRT2 (Sirtuin 2) was pharmacologically inhibited in vitro; thus, changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by immunoblotting. These results showed that murine cardiac function was significantly improved and fibrosis was significantly alleviated after colchicine treatment. Moreover, the infiltration of neutrophils and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the failing myocardium were both decreased by colchicine treatment. Mechanistically, colchicine upregulated the expression of SIRT2, leading to the inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in an NLRP3 deacetylated manner. Conversely, the inhibition of SIRT2 attenuated the suppressive effect of colchicine on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusions This study indicated that colchicine could be a promising therapeutic candidate for dilated cardiomyopathy and other nonischemic heart failure associated with the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Junfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Chenyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yuting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Rong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Biao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
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18
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Mehdizadeh M, Aguilar M, Thorin E, Ferbeyre G, Nattel S. The role of cellular senescence in cardiac disease: basic biology and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:250-264. [PMID: 34667279 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, classically defined as stable cell cycle arrest, is implicated in biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing and ageing. Senescent cells have a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), involving a range of pro-inflammatory factors with important paracrine and autocrine effects on cell and tissue biology. Clinical evidence and experimental studies link cellular senescence, senescent cell accumulation, and the production and release of SASP components with age-related cardiac pathologies such as heart failure, myocardial ischaemia and infarction, and cancer chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. However, the precise role of senescent cells in these conditions is unclear and, in some instances, both detrimental and beneficial effects have been reported. The involvement of cellular senescence in other important entities, such as cardiac arrhythmias and remodelling, is poorly understood. In this Review, we summarize the basic biology of cellular senescence and discuss what is known about the role of cellular senescence and the SASP in heart disease. We then consider the various approaches that are being developed to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells and their consequences. Many of these strategies are applicable in vivo and some are being investigated for non-cardiac indications in clinical trials. We end by considering important knowledge gaps, directions for future research and the potential implications for improving the management of patients with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Mehdizadeh
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Aguilar
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,IHU LIRYC and Fondation Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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19
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Hong JH, Zhang HG. Transcription Factors Involved in the Development and Prognosis of Cardiac Remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828549. [PMID: 35185581 PMCID: PMC8849252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To compensate increasing workload, heart must work harder with structural changes, indicated by increasing size and changing shape, causing cardiac remodeling. However, pathological and unlimited compensated cardiac remodeling will ultimately lead to decompensation and heart failure. In the past decade, numerous studies have explored many signaling pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, but the complete mechanism of cardiac remodeling is still unrecognized, which hinders effective treatment and drug development. As gene transcriptional regulators, transcription factors control multiple cellular activities and play a critical role in cardiac remodeling. This review summarizes the regulation of fetal gene reprogramming, energy metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy in cardiomyocytes and myofibroblast activation of cardiac fibroblasts by transcription factors, with an emphasis on their potential roles in the development and prognosis of cardiac remodeling.
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20
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Schlingmann KP, Jouret F, Shen K, Nigam A, Arjona FJ, Dafinger C, Houillier P, Jones DP, Kleinerüschkamp F, Oh J, Godefroid N, Eltan M, Güran T, Burtey S, Parotte MC, König J, Braun A, Bos C, Ibars Serra M, Rehmann H, Zwartkruis FJ, Renkema KY, Klingel K, Schulze-Bahr E, Schermer B, Bergmann C, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Beck BB, Dahan K, Sabatini D, Liebau MC, Vargas-Poussou R, Knoers NV, Konrad M, de Baaij JH. mTOR-Activating Mutations in RRAGD Are Causative for Kidney Tubulopathy and Cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2885-2899. [PMID: 34607910 PMCID: PMC8806087 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, advances in genetic techniques have resulted in the identification of rare hereditary disorders of renal magnesium and salt handling. Nevertheless, approximately 20% of all patients with tubulopathy lack a genetic diagnosis. METHODS We performed whole-exome and -genome sequencing of a patient cohort with a novel, inherited, salt-losing tubulopathy; hypomagnesemia; and dilated cardiomyopathy. We also conducted subsequent in vitro functional analyses of identified variants of RRAGD, a gene that encodes a small Rag guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase). RESULTS In eight children from unrelated families with a tubulopathy characterized by hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, salt wasting, and nephrocalcinosis, we identified heterozygous missense variants in RRAGD that mostly occurred de novo. Six of these patients also had dilated cardiomyopathy and three underwent heart transplantation. We identified a heterozygous variant in RRAGD that segregated with the phenotype in eight members of a large family with similar kidney manifestations. The GTPase RagD, encoded by RRAGD, plays a role in mediating amino acid signaling to the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). RagD expression along the mammalian nephron included the thick ascending limb and the distal convoluted tubule. The identified RRAGD variants were shown to induce a constitutive activation of mTOR signaling in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a novel disease, which we call autosomal dominant kidney hypomagnesemia (ADKH-RRAGD), that combines an electrolyte-losing tubulopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The condition is caused by variants in the RRAGD gene, which encodes Rag GTPase D; these variants lead to an activation of mTOR signaling, suggesting a critical role of Rag GTPase D for renal electrolyte handling and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P. Schlingmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium,Interdisciplinary Group of Applied Genoproteomics, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kuang Shen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anukrati Nigam
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J. Arjona
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Dafinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Cordeliers Research Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERL8228, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne University, University of Paris, Paris, France,Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France,Reference Center for Hereditary Renal Diseases in Children and Adults (MARHEA), Paris, France
| | - Deborah P. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Felix Kleinerüschkamp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Jun Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Godefroid
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Saint-Luc University Clinics, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Eltan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülay Güran
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Center for Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Parotte
- Division of Nephrology-Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine, CHR Verviers East Belgium, Verviers, Belgium
| | - Jens König
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Alina Braun
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Caro Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Ibars Serra
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fried J.T. Zwartkruis
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Y. Renkema
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Limbach Genetics, Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bodo B. Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne and University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Rare Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karin Dahan
- Center of Human Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium,Division of Nephrology, Saint-Luc University Clinics, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Max C. Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Center for Rare Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosa Vargas-Poussou
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nine V.A.M. Knoers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Konrad
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Jeroen H.F. de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Calderon-Dominguez M, Mangas A, Belmonte T, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Toro R. Fisiopatología de la miocardiopatía dilatada isquémica a través del microRNA-16-5p. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Packer M. Longevity genes, cardiac ageing, and the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy: implications for understanding the effects of current and future treatments for heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3856-3861. [PMID: 32460327 PMCID: PMC7599035 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The two primary molecular regulators of lifespan are sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Each plays a central role in two highly interconnected pathways that modulate the balance between cellular growth and survival. The activation of SIRT1 [along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] and the suppression of mTORC1 (along with its upstream regulator, Akt) act to prolong organismal longevity and retard cardiac ageing. Both activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α and inhibition of mTORC1 shifts the balance of cellular priorities so as to promote cardiomyocyte survival over growth, leading to cardioprotective effects in experimental models. These benefits may be related to direct actions to modulate oxidative stress, organellar function, proinflammatory pathways, and maladaptive hypertrophy. In addition, a primary shared benefit of both SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK activation and Akt/mTORC1 inhibition is the enhancement of autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway, which clears the cytosol of dysfunctional organelles and misfolded proteins that drive the ageing process by increasing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Autophagy underlies the ability of SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK activation and Akt/mTORC1 suppression to extend lifespan, mitigate cardiac ageing, alleviate cellular stress, and ameliorate the development and progression of cardiomyopathy; silencing of autophagy genes abolishes these benefits. Loss of SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK function or hyperactivation of Akt/mTORC1 is a consistent feature of experimental cardiomyopathy, and reversal of these abnormalities mitigates the development of heart failure. Interestingly, most treatments that have been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction have been reported experimentally to exert favourable effects to activate SIRT1/PGC-1α/AMPK and/or suppress Akt/mTORC1, and thereby, to promote autophagic flux. Therefore, the impairment of autophagy resulting from derangements in longevity gene signalling is likely to represent a seminal event in the evolution and progression of cardiomyopathy. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
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23
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van der Klooster ZJ, Sepehrkhouy S, Dooijes D, Te Rijdt WP, Schuiringa FSAM, Lingeman J, van Tintelen JP, Harakalova M, Goldschmeding R, Suurmeijer AJH, Asselbergs FW, Vink A. P62-positive aggregates are homogenously distributed in the myocardium and associated with the type of mutation in genetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3160-3166. [PMID: 33605084 PMCID: PMC7957157 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations in various genes. The accumulation of potentially proteotoxic mutant protein aggregates due to insufficient autophagy is a possible mechanism of disease development. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution in the myocardium of such aggregates in relation to specific pathogenic genetic mutations in cardiomyopathy hearts. Hearts from 32 genetic cardiomyopathy patients, 4 non-genetic cardiomyopathy patients and 5 controls were studied. Microscopic slices from an entire midventricular heart slice were stained for p62 (sequestosome-1, marker for aggregated proteins destined for autophagy). The percentage of cardiomyocytes with p62 accumulation was higher in cardiomyopathy hearts (median 3.3%) than in healthy controls (0.3%; P < .0001). p62 accumulation was highest in the desmin (15.6%) and phospholamban (7.2%) groups. P62 accumulation was homogeneously distributed in the myocardium. Fibrosis was not associated with p62 accumulation in subgroup analysis of phospholamban hearts. In conclusion, accumulation of p62-positive protein aggregates is homogeneously distributed in the myocardium independently of fibrosis distribution and associated with desmin and phospholamban cardiomyopathy. Proteotoxic protein accumulation is a diffuse process in the myocardium while a more localized second hit, such as local strain during exercise, might determine whether this leads to regional myocyte decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Joy van der Klooster
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shahrzad Sepehrkhouy
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter P Te Rijdt
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jolanthe Lingeman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Rolle IG, Crivellari I, Zanello A, Mazzega E, Dalla E, Bulfoni M, Avolio E, Battistella A, Lazzarino M, Cellot A, Cervellin C, Sponga S, Livi U, Finato N, Sinagra G, Aleksova A, Cesselli D, Beltrami AP. Heart failure impairs the mechanotransduction properties of human cardiac pericytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 151:15-30. [PMID: 33159916 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prominent impact that coronary microcirculation disease (CMD) exerts on heart failure symptoms and prognosis, even in the presence of macrovascular atherosclerosis, has been recently acknowledged. Experimental delivery of pericytes in non-revascularized myocardial infarction improves cardiac function by stimulating angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion. Aim of this work is to verify if pericytes (Pc) residing in ischemic failing human hearts display altered mechano-transduction properties and to assess which alterations of the mechano-sensing machinery are associated with the observed impaired response to mechanical cues. RESULTS: Microvascular rarefaction and defects of YAP/TAZ activation characterize failing human hearts. Although both donor (D-) and explanted (E-) heart derived cardiac Pc support angiogenesis, D-Pc exert this effect significantly better than E-Pc. The latter are characterized by reduced focal adhesion density, decreased activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/ Crk-associated substrate (CAS) pathway, low expression of caveolin-1, and defective transduction of extracellular stiffness into cytoskeletal stiffening, together with an impaired response to both fibronectin and lysophosphatidic acid. Importantly, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition restores YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION: Heart failure impairs Pc mechano-transduction properties, but this defect could be reversed pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Zanello
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzega
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela Bulfoni
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Alice Cellot
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Sandro Sponga
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Ugolino Livi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Finato
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy.
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25
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Ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy pathophysiology through microRNA-16-5p. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:740-749. [PMID: 33051165 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The expression levels of microRNA-16-5p (miR-16) are upregulated in ischemic cardiomyopathy and in animal models of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM), inducing myocardial apoptosis. We investigated the role of miR-16 in the adaptive cellular response associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in the apoptotic iDCM environment. METHODS We quantified the miR-16 plasma levels of 168 participants-76 controls, 60 iDCM patients, and 32 familial DCM patients with the pathogenic variant of BAG3-by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and correlated the levels with patient variables. The effects of intracellular miR-16 overexpression were analyzed in a human cardiac cell line. Apoptosis and cell viability were measured, as well as the levels of markers associated with ER stress, cardiac injury, and autophagy. RESULTS Plasma miR-16 levels were upregulated in iDCM patients (P=.039). A multivariate logistic regression model determined the association of miR-16 with iDCM clinical variables (P <.001). In vitro, miR-16 overexpression increased apoptosis (P=.02) and reduced cell viability (P=.008). Furthermore, it induced proapoptotic components of ER stress, based on upregulation of the PERK/CHOP pathway. However, we observed augmentation of autophagic flux (P <.001) without lysosomal blockade by miR-16 as a possible cytoprotective mechanism. CONCLUSIONS MiR-16 is specifically associated with iDCM. In an ischemic setting, miR-16 activates ER stress and promotes inflammation followed by autophagy in human cardiac cells. Thus, autophagy may be an attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to misfolded/aggregated proteins related to ER stress, prior to apoptosis.
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26
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Packer M. Cardioprotective Effects of Sirtuin-1 and Its Downstream Effectors: Potential Role in Mediating the Heart Failure Benefits of SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibitors. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e007197. [PMID: 32894987 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors may be related to their ability to induce a fasting-like paradigm, which triggers the activation of nutrient deprivation pathways to promote cellular homeostasis. The most distinctive metabolic manifestations of this fasting mimicry are enhanced gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, which are not seen with other antihyperglycemic drugs. The principal molecular stimulus to gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis is activation of SIRT1 (sirtuin-1) and its downstream mediators: PGC-1α (proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21). These three nutrient deprivation sensors exert striking cardioprotective effects in a broad range of experimental models. This benefit appears to be related to their actions to alleviate oxidative stress and promote autophagy-a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that disposes of dysfunctional organelles that are major sources of cellular injury. Nutrient deprivation sensors are suppressed in states of perceived energy surplus (ie, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure), but SGLT2 inhibitors activate SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 signaling and promote autophagy. This effect may be related to their action to trigger the perception of a system-wide decrease in environmental nutrients, but SGLT2 inhibitors may also upregulate SIRT1, PGC-1α, and FGF21 by a direct effect on the heart. Interestingly, metformin-induced stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (a nutrient deprivation sensor that does not promote ketogenesis) has not been shown to reduce heart failure events in clinical trials. Therefore, promotion of ketogenic nutrient deprivation signaling by SGLT2 inhibitors may explain their cardioprotective effects, even though SGLT2 is not expressed in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX;and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Dang Z, Avolio E, Thomas AC, Faulkner A, Beltrami AP, Cervellin C, Carrizzo A, Maciag A, Gu Y, Ciaglia E, Finato N, Damato A, Spinetti G, Alenzi A, Paisey SJ, Vecchione C, Puca AA, Madeddu P. Transfer of a human gene variant associated with exceptional longevity improves cardiac function in obese type 2 diabetic mice through induction of the SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling pathway. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1568-1581. [PMID: 32384208 PMCID: PMC8220375 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Homozygosity for a four-missense single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype of the human BPIFB4 gene is enriched in long-living individuals. Delivery of this longevity-associated variant (LAV) improved revascularisation and reduced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in mice through a mechanism involving the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Here, we investigated if delivery of the LAV-BPIFB4 gene may attenuate the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with age-matched lean controls, diabetic db/db mice showed altered echocardiographic indices of diastolic and systolic function and histological evidence of microvascular rarefaction, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis in the myocardium. All these alterations, as well as endothelial dysfunction, were prevented by systemic LAV-BPIFB4 gene therapy using an adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9). In contrast, AAV9 wild-type-BPIFB4 exerted no benefit. Interestingly, LAV-BPIFB4-treated mice showed increased SDF-1 levels in peripheral blood and myocardium and up-regulation of the cardiac myosin heavy chain isoform alpha, a contractile protein that was reduced in diabetic hearts. SDF-1 up-regulation was instrumental to LAV-BPIFB4-induced benefit as both haemodynamic and structural improvements were inhibited by an orally active antagonist of the SDF-1 CXCR4 receptor. CONCLUSIONS In mice with type-2 diabetes, LAV-BPIFB4 gene therapy promotes an advantageous remodelling of the heart, allowing it to better withstand diabetes-induced stress. These results support the viability of transferring healthy characteristics of longevity to attenuate diabetic cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Dang
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Anita C. Thomas
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Ashton Faulkner
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | | | | | - Anna Maciag
- Cardiovascular DepartmentIRCCS MultimedicaMilanItaly
| | - Yue Gu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi (SA)Italy
| | | | - Antonio Damato
- Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Cardiovascular DepartmentIRCCS MultimedicaMilanItaly
| | - Aishah Alenzi
- PETIC, School of MedicineUniversity of CardiffCardiffUK
| | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- Vascular Pathophysiology Unit, IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi (SA)Italy
| | - Annibale A. Puca
- Cardiovascular DepartmentIRCCS MultimedicaMilanItaly
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi (SA)Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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Packer M. Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Evidence That Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Act as Neurohormonal Antagonists When Used for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016270. [PMID: 32791029 PMCID: PMC7660825 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure. Initially, these drugs were believed to have a profile similar to diuretics or hemodynamically active drugs, but they do not rapidly reduce natriuretic peptides or cardiac filling pressures, and they exert little early benefit on symptoms, exercise tolerance, quality of life, or signs of congestion. Clinically, the profile of SGLT2 inhibitors resembles that of neurohormonal antagonists, whose benefits emerge gradually during sustained therapy. In experimental models, SGLT2 inhibitors produce a characteristic pattern of cellular effects, which includes amelioration of oxidative stress, mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuation of proinflammatory pathways, and a reduction in myocardial fibrosis. These cellular effects are similar to those produced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and neprilysin inhibitors. At a molecular level, SGLT2 inhibitors induce transcriptional reprogramming of cardiomyocytes that closely mimics that seen during nutrient deprivation. This shift in signaling activates the housekeeping pathway of autophagy, which clears the cytosol of dangerous cytosolic constituents that are responsible for cellular stress, thereby ameliorating the development of cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, similar changes in cellular signaling and autophagic flux have been seen with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and neprilysin inhibitors. The striking parallelism of these molecular, cellular, and clinical profiles supports the premise that SGLT2 inhibitors should be regarded as neurohormonal antagonists when prescribed for the treatment of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular InstituteBaylor University Medical CenterDallasTX
- Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
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29
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Liu H, Liu X, Zhuang H, Fan H, Zhu D, Xu Y, He P, Liu J, Feng D. Mitochondrial Contact Sites in Inflammation-Induced Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:692. [PMID: 32903766 PMCID: PMC7438832 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion, the ATP-producing center, is both physically and functionally associated with almost all other organelles in the cell. Mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as lipid exchange, protein transport, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and inflammation. Several inflammation-related diseases in the cardiovascular system involve several intracellular events including mitochondrial dysfunction as well as disruption of MAMs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the function of MAMs will be of great significance for us to understand the initiation, progression, and clinical complications of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of MAM regulation and function in CVD-related cells. We discuss the potential roles of MAMs in activating inflammation to influence the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualin Fan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Packer M. Role of Deranged Energy Deprivation Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac and Renal Disease in States of Perceived Nutrient Overabundance. Circulation 2020; 141:2095-2105. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of serious heart failure and adverse renal events, but the mechanisms that underlie this benefit are not understood. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors is distinguished by 2 intriguing features: ketogenesis and erythrocytosis. Both reflect the induction of a fasting-like and hypoxia-like transcriptional paradigm that is capable of restoring and maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. In the face of perceived nutrient and oxygen deprivation, cells activate low-energy sensors, which include sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs; especially HIF-2α); these enzymes and transcription factors are master regulators of hundreds of genes and proteins that maintain cellular homeostasis. The activation of SIRT1 (through its effects to promote gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation) drives ketogenesis, and working in concert with AMPK, it can directly inhibit inflammasome activation and maintain mitochondrial capacity and stability. HIFs act to promote oxygen delivery (by stimulating erythropoietin and erythrocytosis) and decrease oxygen consumption. The activation of SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α enhances autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that removes dangerous constituents, particularly damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes, which are major sources of oxidative stress and triggers of cellular dysfunction and death. SIRT1 and AMPK also act on sodium transport mechanisms to reduce intracellular sodium concentrations. It is interesting that type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney failure are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular glucose and lipid intermediates that are perceived by cells as indicators of energy overabundance. The cells respond by downregulating SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α, thus leading to an impairment of autophagic flux and acceleration of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. SGLT2 inhibitors reverse this maladaptive signaling by triggering a state of fasting and hypoxia mimicry, which includes activation of SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α, enhanced autophagic flux, reduced cellular stress, decreased sodium influx into cells, and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis. This mechanistic framework clarifies the findings of large-scale randomized trials and the close association of ketogenesis and erythrocytosis with the cardioprotective and renoprotective benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Olkowski AA, Wojnarowicz C, Laarveld B. Pathophysiology and pathological remodelling associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in broiler chickens predisposed to heart pump failure. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:428-439. [PMID: 32301624 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1757620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Broiler chickens selected for rapid growth are highly susceptible to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In order to elucidate the pathophysiology of DCM, the present study examines the fundamental features of pathological remodelling associated with DCM in broiler chickens using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy. The morphological features and FTIR spectra of the left ventricular myocardium were compared among broiler chickens affected by DCM with clinical signs of heart pump failure, apparently normal fast-growing broiler chickens showing signs of subclinical DCM (high risk of heart failure), slow-growing broiler chickens (low risk of heart failure) and Leghorn chickens (resistant to heart failure, used here as physiological reference). The findings indicate that DCM and heart pump failure in fast-growing broiler chickens are a result of a complex metabolic syndrome involving multiple catabolic pathways. Our data indicate that a good deal of DCM pathophysiology in chickens selected for rapid growth is associated with conformational changes of cardiac proteins, and pathological changes indicative of accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins in the affected cardiomyocytes. From TEM image analysis it is evident that the affected cardiomyocytes demonstrate significant difficulty in the disposal of damaged proteins and maintenance of proteostasis, which leads to pathological remodelling of the heart and contractile dysfunction. It appears that the underlying causes of accumulation of damaged proteins are associated with dysregulated auto phagosome and proteasome systems, which, in susceptible individuals, create a milieu conducive for the development of DCM and heart failure. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The light and electron microscopy image analyses revealed degenerative changes and protein aggregates in the cardiomyocytes of chickens affected by DCM. The analyses of FTIR spectra of the myocardium revealed that DCM and heart pump failure in broiler chickens are associated with conformational changes of myocardial proteins. The morphological changes in cardiomyocytes and conformational changes in myocardial proteins architecture are integral constituents of pathophysiology of DCM in fast-growing broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Olkowski
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - C Wojnarowicz
- Prairie Diagnostic Services, Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B Laarveld
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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