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Dong J, Shen Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Qin X, Zhu C, Gao Y, Yu Q. Prediction of severe hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis using a nomogram based on CT findings and blood biomarkers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37911. [PMID: 38669422 PMCID: PMC11049775 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). Fatty liver, a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is related to the severity of AP. The present study aimed to construct an accurate predictive model for severe AP (SAP) by combining the fatty liver infiltration on a computerized tomography (CT) scan with a series of blood biomarkers in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-associated AP (HTG-AP). A total of 213 patients diagnosed with HTG-AP were included in the present retrospective study. Clinical information and imageological findings were retrospectively analyzed. The model was constructed from independent risk factors using univariate analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method. Subsequently, the data from the training group of 111 patients with HTG-AP was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The efficacy of the model was verified using an external validation group of 102 patients through the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Independent predictors, including serum calcium, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and liver-to-spleen CT attenuation ratio (L/S ratio), were incorporated into the nomogram model for SAP in HTG-AP. The model achieved a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 88.6% in the training group. Compared with the Ranson model, the established nomogram model exhibited a better discriminative ability in the training group [area under the curve (AUC): 0.957] and external validation group (AUC: 0.930), as well as better calibration and clinical benefits. The present study demonstrates that the constructed nomogram based on CT findings and blood biomarkers is useful for the accurate prediction of SAP in HTG-AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Shen
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhihuai Wang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xihu Qin
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunfu Zhu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Samrit T, Osotprasit S, Chaiwichien A, Suksomboon P, Chansap S, Athipornchai A, Changklungmoa N, Kueakhai P. Cold-Pressed Sacha Inchi Oil: High in Omega-3 and Prevents Fat Accumulation in the Liver. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:220. [PMID: 38399435 PMCID: PMC10892392 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of oil supplementation to inhibit various metabolic syndromes has been recognized. However, there are currently no studies determining the effects of oil supplements on healthy conditions. Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha inchi, is a seed rich in essential unsaturated fatty acids that improves metabolic syndrome diseases, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver. However, the health benefits and effects of Sacha inchi oil (SIO) supplementation remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the chemical effects and properties of Sacha inchi oil. The results of the chemical compound analysis showed that Sacha inchi is an abundant source of ω-3 fatty acids, with a content of 44.73%, and exhibits scavenging activity of 240.53 ± 11.74 and 272.41 ± 6.95 µg Trolox/g, determined via DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, while both olive and lard oils exhibited lower scavenging activities compared with Sacha inchi. Regarding liver histology, rats given Sacha inchi supplements showed lower TG accumulation and fat droplet distribution in the liver than those given lard supplements, with fat areas of approximately 14.19 ± 6.49% and 8.15 ± 2.40%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Sacha inchi oil is a plant source of ω-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and does not induce fatty liver and pathology in the kidney, pancreas, and spleen. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement to improve metabolic syndrome diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tepparit Samrit
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Supawadee Osotprasit
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Athit Chaiwichien
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Phawiya Suksomboon
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Supanan Chansap
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Anan Athipornchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Narin Changklungmoa
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Pornanan Kueakhai
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
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Angelico F, Alcantara-Payawal D, Rani RA, Mustafa N, Thongtang N, Chaiteerakij R, Bunchorntavakul C, Sukonthasarn A. Review and expert opinion on MAFLD, oxidative stress and multifunctional management. Drugs Context 2024; 13:2023-9-3. [PMID: 38264403 PMCID: PMC10803127 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty-liver disease (MAFLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most widespread and emerging chronic liver disease worldwide, with increasing prevalence rates also in the Asia-Pacific region. The disease has a high socio-economic burden as it negatively impacts the finances and quality of life of individuals affected and has a major burden on healthcare systems. The most important pathological event in MAFLD aetiopathogenesis is oxidative stress, which leads to functional and structural abnormalities in the liver as well as being involved in the development of other concomitant cardiometabolic diseases. MAFLD is a rather complex multisystemic clinical condition involving liver damage and a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This complexity requires the cooperation of multiple experts to identify MAFLD at an early stage, treat associated comorbidities, and promptly refer the patient to the hepatologist when needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge about MAFLD and reports the opinion of a group of experts on the increasing prevalence and burden of the disease in the southeast Asia region, the current journey of patients with MAFLD in developing countries, the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis and disease management. This article is part of the Current clinical use of silymarin in the treatment of toxic liver diseases: a case series Special Issue: https://www.drugsincontext.com/special_issues/current-clinical-use-of-silymarin-in-the-treatment-of-toxic-liver-diseases-a-case-series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Alcantara-Payawal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fatima University Medical Center, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rafiz Abdul Rani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine at Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norlaila Mustafa
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, W. Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Nuntakorn Thongtang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lin TY, Zhang YF, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xu J, Liu YL. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease aggravates acute pancreatitis through bacterial translocation and cholesterol metabolic dysregulation in the liver and pancreas in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:504-511. [PMID: 35909061 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis (AP). The underlying mechanism remains unclear. We sought to determine how bacterial translocation and cholesterol metabolism in the liver and pancreas affect the severity of AP in NAFLD mice. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate the NAFLD model, and mice in the control group were provided with a normal diet (ND). After being anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, mice got a retrograde infusion of taurocholic acid sodium into the pancreatic duct to induce AP, and sham operation (SO) was used as control. Serum amylase and Schmidt's pathological score system were used to evaluate AP severity. Bacterial loads, total cholesterol level, and cholesterol metabolic-associated molecules [low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)] were analyzed in the liver and pancreas. RESULTS Compared with the ND-AP group, mice in the HFD-AP group had severer pancreatitis, manifested with higher serum amylase levels and higher AP pathologic scores, especially the inflammation and hemorrhage scores. Compared with the HFD-SO group and ND-AP group, bacterial loads in the liver and pancreas were significantly higher in the HFD-AP group. Mice in the HFD-AP group showed a decreased LDLR expression and an increased ABCA1 expression in the pancreas, although there was no significant difference in pancreas total cholesterol between the HFD-AP group and the ND-AP group. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD aggravates AP via increasing bacterial translocation in the liver and pancreas and affecting pancreas cholesterol metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu-Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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Regnér S, Önnerhag K, Sternby H. Fatty liver disease and pancreatic inflammation-A lethal combination? United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:405-406. [PMID: 37169595 PMCID: PMC10256993 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Regnér
- Surgery Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of Surgery and GastroenterologySkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Kristina Önnerhag
- Department of Surgery and GastroenterologySkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
- Gastroenterology Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Hanna Sternby
- Surgery Research UnitDepartment of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
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Váncsa S, Sipos Z, Váradi A, Nagy R, Ocskay K, Juhász FM, Márta K, Teutsch B, Mikó A, Hegyi PJ, Vincze Á, Izbéki F, Czakó L, Papp M, Hamvas J, Varga M, Török I, Mickevicius A, Erőss B, Párniczky A, Szentesi A, Pár G, Hegyi P. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is associated with acute pancreatitis with more severe course: Post hoc analysis of a prospectively collected international registry. United European Gastroenterol J 2023; 11:371-382. [PMID: 37062947 PMCID: PMC10165320 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a proven risk factor for acute pancreatitis (AP). However, NAFLD has recently been redefined as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this post hoc analysis, we quantified the effect of MAFLD on the outcomes of AP. METHODS We identified our patients from the multicentric, prospective International Acute Pancreatitis Registry of the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Next, we compared AP patients with and without MAFLD and the individual components of MAFLD regarding in-hospital mortality and AP severity based on the revised Atlanta classification. Lastly, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS MAFLD had a high prevalence in AP, 39% (801/2053). MAFLD increased the odds of moderate-to-severe AP (OR = 1.43, CI: 1.09-1.89). However, the odds of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.89, CI: 0.42-1.89) and severe AP (OR = 1.70, CI: 0.97-3.01) were not higher in the MAFLD group. Out of the three diagnostic criteria of MAFLD, the highest odds of severe AP was in the group based on metabolic risk abnormalities (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.39-5.09). In addition, the presence of one, two, and three diagnostic criteria dose-dependently increased the odds of moderate-to-severe AP (OR = 1.23, CI: 0.88-1.70, OR = 1.38, CI: 0.93-2.04, and OR = 3.04, CI: 1.63-5.70, respectively) and severe AP (OR = 1.13, CI: 0.54-2.27, OR = 2.08, CI: 0.97-4.35, and OR = 4.76, CI: 1.50-15.4, respectively). Furthermore, in patients with alcohol abuse and aged ≥60 years, the effect of MAFLD became insignificant. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD is associated with AP severity, which varies based on the components of its diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, MAFLD shows a dose-dependent effect on the outcomes of AP.
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Kiss L, Fűr G, Pisipati S, Rajalingamgari P, Ewald N, Singh V, Rakonczay Z. Mechanisms linking hypertriglyceridemia to acute pancreatitis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13916. [PMID: 36599412 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a metabolic disorder, defined when serum or plasma triglyceride concentration (seTG) is >1.7 mM. HTG can be categorized as mild to very severe groups based on the seTG value. The risk of acute pancreatitis (AP), a serious disease with high mortality and without specific therapy, increases with the degree of HTG. Furthermore, even mild or moderate HTG aggravates AP initiated by other important etiological factors, including alcohol or bile stone. This review briefly summarizes the pathophysiology of HTG, the epidemiology of HTG-induced AP and the clinically observed effects of HTG on the outcomes of AP. Our main focus is to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms linking HTG to AP. HTG is accompanied by an increased serum fatty acid (FA) concentration, and experimental results have demonstrated that these FAs have the most prominent role in causing the consequences of HTG during AP. FAs inhibit mitochondrial complexes in pancreatic acinar cells, induce pathological elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, cytokine release and tissue injury, and reduce the function of pancreatic ducts. Furthermore, high FA concentrations can induce respiratory, kidney, and cardiovascular failure in AP. All these effects may contribute to the observed increased AP severity and frequent organ failure in patients. Importantly, experimental results suggest that the reduction of FA production by lipase inhibitors can open up new therapeutic options of AP. Overall, investigating the pathophysiology of HTG-induced AP or AP in the presence of HTG and determining possible treatments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sailaja Pisipati
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Prasad Rajalingamgari
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nils Ewald
- Institute for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Minden, Minden, Germany.,Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Tarján D, Hegyi P. Acute Pancreatitis Severity Prediction: It Is Time to Use Artificial Intelligence. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010290. [PMID: 36615090 PMCID: PMC9821076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical course of acute pancreatitis (AP) can be variable depending on the severity of the disease, and it is crucial to predict the probability of organ failure to initiate early adequate treatment and management. Therefore, possible high-risk patients should be admitted to a high-dependence unit. For risk assessment, we have three options: (1) There are univariate biochemical markers for predicting severe AP. One of their main characteristics is that the absence or excess of these factors affects the outcome of AP in a dose-dependent manner. Unfortunately, all of these parameters have low accuracy; therefore, they cannot be used in clinical settings. (2) Score systems have been developed to prognosticate severity by using 4-25 factors. They usually require multiple parameters that are not measured on a daily basis, and they often require more than 24 h for completion, resulting in the loss of valuable time. However, these scores can foresee specific organ failure or severity, but they only use dichotomous parameters, resulting in information loss. Therefore, their use in clinical settings is limited. (3) Artificial intelligence can detect the complex nonlinear relationships between multiple biochemical parameters and disease outcomes. We have recently developed the very first easy-to-use tool, EASY-APP, which uses multiple continuous variables that are available at the time of admission. The web-based application does not require all of the parameters for prediction, allowing early and easy use on admission. In the future, prognostic scores should be developed with the help of artificial intelligence to avoid information loss and to provide a more individualized risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Tarján
- Heart and Vascular Center, Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Translational Pancreatology Research Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence for Research Development and Innovation University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-703751031
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Liu W, Li Z, Zhang X, Du J, Liang R, Ji Y, Tang W, Zhang X. CT Characteristics of Acute Pancreatitis with Preexisting Fatty Liver and Its Impact on Pancreatitis Severity and Persistent Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7017-7028. [PMID: 36090708 PMCID: PMC9462438 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s382287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the CT characteristics of acute pancreatitis (AP) associated with preexisting fatty liver (FL) and the impact of preexisting FL on the severity of AP and persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Patients and Methods A total of 189 patients with AP were divided into AP with and without preexisting FL. The CT features, clinical characteristics, severity of AP, and presence of persistent SIRS between the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for predicting SIRS. The diagnostic performances of the risk factors were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Among the 189 patients, 49.7% (94/189) had preexisting FL. On CT, AP patients with preexisting FL were more likely to develop necrosis (23.4% vs 10.5%, p=0.021), local complications (45.7% vs 29.5%, p=0.025) and persistent SIRS (59.6% vs 27.4%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that preexisting FL (OR=2.863, 95% CI: 1.264–6.486, p=0.012), APACHE II≥6 (OR=1.334, 95% CI: 1.117–1.594, p=0.002), and MCTSI ≥4 (OR=1.489, 95% CI: 1.046–2.119, p=0.027) could be independent risk factors for persistent SIRS. The areas under the ROC curve of preexisting FL, APACHE II, and MCISI in diagnosing AP patients with persistent SIRS were 0.664, 0.703, and 0.783, respectively. Conclusion Patients with preexisting FL were more likely to develop necrosis and local complications on CT and present more severe AP and persistent SIRS. Preexisting FL can be an independent risk factor in predicting the presence of persistent SIRS in patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Li
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Ji
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoming Zhang; Wei Tang, Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 South Maoyuan Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13808271001; +86 1369600 2904, Email ;
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Dong X, Pan S, Zhang D, Hong W, Chen T, Zhang B, Huang Z, Chen C. Hyperlipemia pancreatitis onset time affects the association between elevated serum triglyceride levels and disease severity. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:49. [PMID: 35637538 PMCID: PMC9153118 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of serum triglyceride (TG) levels with the severity of hypertriglyceridaemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) remains controversial. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the TG levels from the initial onset and their predictive value in the disease assessment of HTG-AP. Methods Data collected from January 2018 to July 2021 in one institute were assessed retrospectively. HTG-AP was defined as a TG level > 500 mg/dL in the absence of other common aetiologies of AP. The TG levels within 24 hours (24 h), 48 hours (48 h), 3-4 days (3-4 d), and 5-7 days (5-7 d) after symptom onset and their correlations with disease severity in HTG-AP patients were analysed by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Results In the cross-sectional study, 377 HTG-AP patients were included before lipid-lowering intervention: 216 subjects had their first TG levels measured within 24 h after onset, 91 within 48 h, 50 in 3-4 d, and 20 in 5-7 d. TG levels decreased in the 24 h, 48 h and 3-4 d groups (P < 0.001), however, the TG decline in the 5-7 d group had no difference compared with the 3-4 d group. HTG-AP patients with severe or moderately severe disease displayed higher TG levels than those with mild disease in the 24 h and 48 h groups (P < 0.050) but not in the 3-4 d or 5-7 d groups. Furthermore, the TG levels were correlated with the modified computed tomography severity index only in the 24 h and 48 h groups, while an association between serum calcium levels and C-reactive protein levels was only present in the 24 h group. Similarly, the TG levels were related to hospital days and ICU days in the 24 h and/or 48 h groups. In the longitudinal study, 165 patients with complete records of TG levels from 24 h to 5-7 d were enrolled. With supportive care and lipid-lowering treatment after admission, the TG levels declined rapidly (P < 0.001), and the correlations with disease severity weakened or even disappeared from 24 h to 5-7 d. Conclusion TG levels decreased and attenuated the association with disease severity of HTG-AP over the time of onset. The TG levels within the initial 48 h after onset were most useful for the diagnosis and disease assessment of HTG-AP.
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Zhong L, Wu C, Li Y, Zeng Q, Lai L, Chen S, Tang S. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221083508. [PMID: 35620184 PMCID: PMC9127863 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221083508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A large number of systemic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and multiple health outcomes. The aim of this study is to conduct an umbrella review to assess the strength and evidence for the association between NAFLD and health outcomes. Methods: We systematically identified the present meta-analyses of observational studies reporting an association between NAFLD and health outcomes. For each meta-analysis, we assessed the quality with AMSTAR2 and graded the epidemiologic evidence. Results: Fifty-four articles comprising 111 unique meta-analyses were included in this study. Eighty-five unique outcomes showed significant associations ( P ← 0.05), whereas 26 unique outcomes showed insignificant associations, and we cannot assess the epidemiologic evidence. For 85 significant health outcomes, four outcomes (carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), peak A velocity, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients) was graded as high quality of evidence, 23 outcomes were graded as the moderate quality of evidence, and the remaining 58 outcomes were graded as weak quality of evidence. Fourty-seven (87.03%) studies showed critically low methodological quality. Conclusion: In this umbrella review, only four statistically significant health outcomes showed high epidemiologic evidence. NAFLD seems to relate to an increased risk of C-IMT, peak A velocity, left ventricle end-diastolic diameter, and incident CKD in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chutian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiuting Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Leizhen Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shaohui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Zhou S, Jin LR, He C. Effects of imipenem combined with glutamine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with abdominal infection in mainland China: a meta-analysis. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2022; 68:395-399. [PMID: 35442370 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of imipenem combined with glutamine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with abdominal infection in mainland China using meta-analysis. METHODS We searched China National Knowledge Network, Wanfang Medical Network, Chinese Science Citation Database, PubMed, and Embase Databases for publications of imipenem combined with glutamine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis abdominal infection. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to April 10, 2021. Stata software version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis; the combined effect size odds ratio and standardized mean difference values were calculated for the count data and measurement data, respectively; and the heterogeneity test was performed in this study. RESULTS A total of five randomized controlled trials were included. A total of 499 cases were included, with 251 in the observation group and 248 in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that the efficacy of imipenem combined with glutamine in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with abdominal infection was significantly better than that of imipenem alone (odds ratio=0.78, 95%CI 0.71-0.86, p=0.040). CONCLUSION Imipenem combined with glutamine can significantly improve the efficacy in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with abdominal cavity infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Digestive System Department - Wuhu, China
| | - Lai-Run Jin
- Southeast University, School of Public Health - Nanjing, China
| | - Chiyi He
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Digestive System Department - Wuhu, China
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Roussey B, Calame P, Revel L, Zver T, Konan A, Piton G, Koch S, Vuitton L, Delabrousse E. Liver spontaneous hypoattenuation on CT is an imaging biomarker of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Diagn Interv Imaging 2022; 103:401-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang L, Shi J, Du D, Niu N, Liu S, Yang X, Lu P, Shen X, Shi N, Yao L, Zhang R, Hu G, Lu G, Zhu Q, Zeng T, Liu T, Xia Q, Huang W, Xue J. Ketogenesis acts as an endogenous protective programme to restrain inflammatory macrophage activation during acute pancreatitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103959. [PMID: 35339899 PMCID: PMC8960978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immunity and metabolites link to the pathogenesis and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, liver metabolism and its role in immune response and AP progression remain elusive. We investigated the function of liver metabolism in the pathogenesis of AP. Methods Circulating ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) levels were determined in AP clinical cohorts and caerulein-induced AP (CER-AP) mouse models receiving seven (Cer*7) or twelve (Cer*12) injection regimens at hourly intervals. Liver transcriptomics and metabolomics were compared between CER-AP (Cer*7) and CER-AP (Cer*12). Inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO)-ketogenesis, or supplementation of βOHB was performed in mouse models of AP. The effect and mechanism of βOHB were examined in vitro. Findings Elevated circulating βOHB was observed in patients with non-severe AP (SAP) but not SAP. These findings were replicated in CER-AP (Cer*7) and CER-AP (Cer*12), which manifested as limited and hyperactive immune responses, respectively. FAO-ketogenesis was activated in CER-AP (Cer*7), while impaired long-chain FAO and mitochondrial function were observed in the liver of CER-AP (Cer*12). Blockage of FAO-ketogenesis (Cpt1a antagonism or Hmgcs2 knockdown) worsened, while supplementation of βOHB or its precursor 1,3-butanediol alleviated the severity of CER-AP. Mechanistically, βOHB had a discernible effect on pancreatic acinar cell damage, instead, it greatly attenuated the activation of pancreatic and systemic proinflammatory macrophages via class I histone deacetylases. Interpretation Our findings reveal that hepatic ketogenesis is activated as an endogenous protective programme to restrain AP progression, indicating its potential therapeutic value. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Youth Talent Support Programme, and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Dan Du
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China; Advanced Mass Spectrometry Centre, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Centre for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningning Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xuqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Na Shi
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Qingtian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Centre for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China.
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Sbeit W, Sbeit M, Kalisky I, Katz L, Mari A, Khoury T. The Possible Association of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Acute Cholangitis: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010035. [PMID: 35054428 PMCID: PMC8779558 DOI: 10.3390/life12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly encountered. It is associated with several comorbid diseases. However, its association with infectious biliary diseases is still unknown. Aims: We aimed to assess whether NAFLD is a risk factor for the development of acute cholangitis among patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones. Methods: We performed a retrospective study, including all patients with a documented diagnosis of CBD stone that had available data on the presence or absence of NAFLD. Descriptive analysis using univariate and multivariate models was used to assess whether an association existed between NAFLD and acute cholangitis. Results: We included 811 patients. Of them, 161 patients presented with acute cholangitis, vs. 650 patients who presented with symptomatic CBD stone without cholangitis. NAFLD was significantly more common in the cholangitis group compared to the non-cholangitis group (15.5% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.01). In univariate analysis, age (Odds ratio (OR) 1.04, p < 0.0001), male gender (OR 1.47, p = 0.03), hypertension (OR 1.81, p = 0.0008), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.59, p = 0.01), and NAFLD (OR 2.04, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with acute cholangitis. In multivariate analysis, NAFLD kept its association with acute cholangitis irrespective of age (OR 2.15, p = 0.005). Conclusions: NALFD showed a significant association with acute cholangitis among patients with a CBD stone. Clinicians should encourage treatment of NAFLD in general, and especially in the setting of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Sbeit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2221006, Israel; (W.S.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1320943, Israel
| | - Moeen Sbeit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2221006, Israel; (W.S.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1320943, Israel
| | - Itay Kalisky
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (I.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Lior Katz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103401, Israel; (I.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Amir Mari
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy United, The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth 1613101, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2221006, Israel; (W.S.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1320943, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-509870611
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Variations in Gut Microbiome are Associated with Prognosis of Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Acute Pancreatitis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050695. [PMID: 34066441 PMCID: PMC8148198 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTGAP) is linked with increased severity and morbidity. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, pathogenetic association between gut microbiota and HTGAP remains unknown. In this study, we enrolled 30 HTGAP patients and 30 patients with AP that is evoked by other causes. The V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA sequences of the gut microbiota were analyzed. Clinical characteristics, microbial diversity, taxonomic profile, microbiome composition, microbiological phenotype, and functional pathways were compared between the two groups. Our results showed that the HTGAP group had a higher proportion of severe AP (46.7% vs. 20.0%), organ failure (56.7% vs. 30.0%), and a longer hospital stay (18.0 days vs. 6.5 days). HTGAP group also had poorer microbial diversity, higher abundances of Escherichia/Shigella and Enterococcus, but lower abundances of Dorea longicatena, Blautia wexlerae, and Bacteroides ovatus as compared with non-HTGAP group. Correlation analysis revealed that gut bacterial taxonomic and functional changes were linked with local and systemic complications, ICU admission, and mortality. This study revealed that alterations of gut microbiota were associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in HTGAP patients, indicating a potential pathophysiological link between gut microbiota and hypertriglyceridemia related acute pancreatitis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the effect of fish oils on dyslipidemias and associated disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The most important lipid effect of fish oils is reducing plasma triglycerides and the main potential protection against cardiovascular events is very probably mediated also through other mechanisms including anti-inflammatory ones. The best results are available for omega-3 fatty acids, namely, eicosapentaenoic acid. Less evidence is available for the impact of ω-3 fatty acids on liver steatosis/steatohepatitis and acute pancreatitis. In addition, particular fish oils have variable content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with different anti- or pro-oxidative potential, and the suboptimal ratio of these compounds could attenuate or abolish their beneficial properties. Fish products with optimal proportion of fatty acids, particularly high content of eicosapentaenoic acid, could be recommended to patients with dyslipidemias, especially to those at high risk for cardiovascular disease; less evidence is available for liver disease and acute pancreatitis.
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