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Arrigo F, De Marchi L, Meucci V, Piccione G, Soares AMVM, Faggio C, Freitas R. Mytilus galloprovincialis: A valuable bioindicator species for understanding the effects of diclofenac under warming conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173809. [PMID: 38848913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Drugs are chemical compounds used to treat and improve organic dysfunctions caused by diseases. These include analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, and antineoplastics. They can enter aquatic environments through wastewater streams, where their physico-chemical properties allow metabolites to distribute and accumulate. Current climate change and associated extreme weather events may significantly impact these substances' toxicity and aquatic organisms' sensitivity. Among the chemicals present in aquatic environments is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DIC), which the EU monitors due to its concentration levels. This study investigated the influence of temperature (control at 17 °C vs. 21 °C) on the effects of DIC (0 μg/L vs. 1 μg/L) in the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis. Significant results were observed between 17 and 21 °C. Organisms exposed to the higher temperature showed a decrease in several parameters, including metabolic capacity and detoxification, particularly with prolonged exposure. However, in some parameters, after 21 days, the M. galloprovincialis showed no differences from the control, indicating adaptation to the stress. The results of this study confirm that DIC concentrations in the environment, particularly when combined with increased temperatures, can produce oxidative stress and adversely affect M. galloprovincialis biochemical and physiological performance. This study also validates this species as a bioindicator for assessing environmental contamination with DIC. Beyond its direct impact on aquatic organisms, the presence of pharmaceuticals like DIC in the environment highlights the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health, underscoring the One Health approach to understanding and mitigating environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy; Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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de L Freitas F, Costa AB, de Moraes ASB, Lima ADF, Santos RP, Silva VAD, Pereira NS, Cavalcante RM. Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): Assessment of health and dietary risk in the consumption of Plagioscion squamosissimus in one of the largest rivers in a semi-arid region (Rio São Francisco, Brazil). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142889. [PMID: 39032734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The São Francisco River, significant in semi-arid areas, faces impacts from hydroelectric plants and agricultural pesticides. Despite extensive research on its aquatic life, especially fish reproductive biology, there's a notable lack of studies on toxicity and its human health implications. This gap highlights the need for targeted research in this vital ecological zone. Consequently, this study aimed to scrutinize the concentrations of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), including Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), pyrethroid pesticides (PPs), triazine pesticides (TPs), and Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs) in the water, sediment, and fish (Plagioscion squamosissimus). The findings revealed the presence of all compound classes in sediment, albeit in limited quantities in water. Biotic components exhibited higher concentrations in nerve tissue, followed by the liver and muscle, indicative of a bioaccumulation trend. It is noteworthy that more concerning levels were observed in both water and sediments. In particular, Fenvalerate in water and Prometon in sediments demonstrated the highest Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) values. While for non-carcinogenic effects and Cancer Risk (CR), the parameters were calculated and all classified in the areas of acceptable or insignificant according to chemical safety agencies. However, the compounds under scrutiny demand vigilant attention, given their nearly ubiquitous presence across various matrices and demonstrated bioaccumulative capacity, potentially posing future repercussions for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana B Costa
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Chemical Program, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
| | - Alessandra S B de Moraes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Chemical Program, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
| | - Antonia D F Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil
| | - Viviane A da Silva
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil
| | - Natan S Pereira
- Human Ecology Programa, State University of Bahia, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil; PGQA, Department of Exact and Earth Science, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil; Chemical Program, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil
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3
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Mello LC, Costa AB, de Moraes ASB, Lima ADF, Santos RP, Silva VAD, Abessa DMS, Cavalcante RM. Assessment of cancer and dietary risks in commercially valuable marine organisms in coast of a region of future exploration (Equatorial South Atlantic). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:121991. [PMID: 39094409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The Equatorial South Atlantic region, spanning over 1700 km, is currently undergoing extensive exploitation through various activities such as oil extraction, desalination plants, marine mineral explorations, and wind power for green hydrogen production. This undoubtedly also contributes to the exacerbation of pre-existing chronic environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate the concentrations of 60 substances, categorized as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) from various classes including: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), as well as Pyrethroids (PPs), Triazines (TPs) and Organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in consumable fish, shellfish, and crabs. The bivalve (Mytella charruana), crab (Ucides cordatus), and catfish (Sciades herzbergii) samples were collected in areas of ecological, environmental and economic importance. This data was used to estimate concentrations in the organisms, and to calculate cancer and human health risk. The most prevalent pollutant classes in the organisms were OCPs, followed by TPs and PPs. Shellfish and fish samples had more compounds indicating health risks, when compared to crabs. The substances causing cancer risks varied across organisms and study areas. The heightened cancer risks linked to specific compounds in various species highlight the urgent need to address persistent pollutants to prevent long-term health impacts on both humans and wildlife. Compounds such as PPs, TPs, and OPPs pose significant risks of neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. This study underscores the interconnectedness of environmental and human health in coastal ecosystems, calling for continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies to protect these fragile environments and the communities that rely on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza C Mello
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; UNESP, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, IB-CLP, São Vicente, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana B Costa
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Chemical Program, Chemistry Department -Federal University of Ceará UFC (PPGQ/DQ/UFC), Brazil
| | - Alessandra S B de Moraes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Chemical Program, Chemistry Department -Federal University of Ceará UFC (PPGQ/DQ/UFC), Brazil
| | - Antonia D F Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil
| | - Rafael P Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil
| | - Viviane A da Silva
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; UNESP, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, IB-CLP, São Vicente, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Center of Chromatography Environmental and Petroleum (CECAMP/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program, Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (PPGCMT/LABOMAR/UFC), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil; Chemical Program, Chemistry Department -Federal University of Ceará UFC (PPGQ/DQ/UFC), Brazil.
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Zicarelli G, Faggio C, Blahova J, Riesova B, Hesova R, Doubkova V, Svobodova Z, Lakdawala P. Toxicity of water-soluble polymers polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol for fish and frog embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173154. [PMID: 38735322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Personal Care Products (PCPs) have been one of the most studied chemicals in the last twenty years since they were identified as pseudo-persistent pollutants by the European Union in the early 2000s. The accumulation of PCPs in the aquatic environment and their effects on non-target species make it necessary to find new, less harmful, substances. Polyethylene glycol (PEGs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVAs) are two polymers that have increased their presence in the composition of PCPs in recent years, but little is known about the effect of their accumulation in the environment on non-target species. Through embryotoxicity tests on two common models of aquatic organisms (Danio rerio and Xenopus laevis), this work aims to increase the knowledge of PEGs and PVAs' effects on non-target species. Animals were exposed to the pollutant for 96 h. The main embryotoxicity endpoint (mortality, hatching, malformations, heartbeat rate) was recorded every 24 h. The most significant results were hatching delay in Danio rerio exposed to both chemicals, in malformations (oedema, body malformations, changes in pigmentation and deformations of spine and tail) in D. rerio and X. laevis and significant change in the heartbeat rate (decrease or increase in the rate) in both animals for all chemicals tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zicarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Riesova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Renata Hesova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Doubkova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Lakdawala
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare & Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Uğurlu P, Satar Eİ, Ünlü E. Toxic effects of commercial grade indoxacarb and endosulfan on Gammarus kischineffensis (Schellenberg, 1937) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142387. [PMID: 38801905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of two frequently used commercial insecticides containing endosulfan and indoxacarb on a freshwater amphipod Gammarus kischineffensis. In this context, the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of these pesticides were determined for G. kischineffensis. Then the histopathological effects of these pesticides on the gill tissues of this species were evaluated. At the end of the study, the 96 h LC50 values of commercial-grade endosulfan and indoxacarb for G. kischineffensis were determined as 1.861 μg L-1 and 20.212 mg L-1, respectively. Histopathologically, the most common histopathological alterations in individuals exposed to sublethal concentrations of commercial-grade endosulfan and indoxacarb were pillar cell hypertrophy resulting in atrophy of the hemocoelic space and hemocytic infiltration. Considering these results, it can be said that commercial-grade endosulfan is extremely and indoxacarb is slightly toxic to G. kischineffensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Uğurlu
- Dicle University Science and Technology Application and Research Center, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Elif İpek Satar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Erhan Ünlü
- Department of Biology, Section of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Banaee M, Beitsayah A, Zeidi A, Haghi BN, Piccione G, Faggio C, Multisanti CR, Impellitteri F. Toxicity of cigarette butts (CBs) leachate on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and metabolic profile. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116514. [PMID: 38810286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic effects of different concentrations of cigarette butt leachate (CBL) (0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 µL L-1) on blood biochemistry, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the biochemical profile of the liver and muscle of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) after 21 days. Increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma, and decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in fish exposed to CBL, indicated cytotoxicity. Elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels, coupled with reduced total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in the plasma, indicated impaired liver function in the fish. An increase in creatinine showed kidney damage. Increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities, along with the decrease in liver glutathione (GSH) content and total antioxidant capacity in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to CBL, indicated the occurrence of oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation indicated heightened lipid peroxidation in CBL-exposed fish hepatocytes. Raman spectroscopy revealed altered biochemical profiles in fish liver and muscle post-CBL exposure. The results demonstrated that exposure to CBL led to a decrease in phospholipid levels, collagen destruction, changes in phenylalanine levels, and a decrease in the levels of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in fish liver and muscle tissue. Furthermore, the metabolites and compounds of cigarette butt juice were detectable in the liver and muscle tissue of fishes. In conclusion, this study showed that exposure to CBL can have adverse effects on fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Amal Beitsayah
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Amir Zeidi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
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Besharat M, Islami HR, Soltani M, Mousavi SA. Effects of dietary nanoliposome-coated astaxanthin on haematological parameters, immune responses and the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1461. [PMID: 38648257 PMCID: PMC11034635 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astaxanthin is the most prevalent carotenoid in the marine environment and is widely used as an additive in formulated aquafeeds. OBJECTIVES A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to consider the effect of dietary nanoliposome-coated astaxanthin (NA) on haematological parameters, serum antioxidant activities and immune responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. METHODS A total of 450 healthy fish weighing 31.00 ± 2.09 g were randomly assigned in triplicate (30 fish per replicate) to 5 dietary treatments: 0 (control), 25.00, 50.00, 75.00, and 100.00 mg kg-1 NA. RESULTS Fish fed the diet supplemented with 50.00 mg kg-1 NA exhibited the highest values of red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit of 1.64 ± 0.01 × 106 mm-3, 5.54 ± 0.21 × 103 mm-3, 8.73 ± 0.24 g dL-1 and 46.67% ± 0.88%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). The lowest and highest percentages of lymphocytes (67.67% ± 0.33%) and neutrophils (27.33% ± 1.20%) were also obtained in fish fed 50.00 mg kg-1 NA compared to those fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). Fish receiving diet supplemented with 50.00 mg kg-1 NA revealed the highest serum activity in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme and alternative complement and the lowest level of total cholesterol, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than fish receiving the basal diet (p < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and ACH50 contents significantly increased with increasing dietary NA supplementation to the highest values of 43.17 ± 1.46 and 293.33 ± 2.03 U mL-1, respectively, in fish fed diet supplemented with 50 mg kg-1 NA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of NA in rainbow trout diet at 50 mg kg-1 exhibited a positive effect on haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Administration of such dosage can enhance rainbow trout immune responses against unfavourable or stressful conditions, for example disease outbreaks, hypoxic condition, thermal stress and sudden osmotic fluctuations, which usually happen in an intensive culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Besharat
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Houman Rajabi Islami
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary and Life ScienceMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia
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Moises Marques E Silva G, Lins Oliveira JE, B Silva Farias N, Júnior RFA, Nascimento WS. Effects of the pyriproxyfen and fenthion on the gonadal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus: Perciformes, Cichlidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1193-1201. [PMID: 38263630 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Commercially available insecticides present acute toxicity to the health of fish and other aquatic organisms, which may impair the local aquaculture. This study evaluated the gonadal morphology of freshwater fish exposed to pyriproxyfen and fenthion. Forty-five juvenile male Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were divided into control, pyriproxyfen-exposed (0.01 g/L), and fenthion-exposed (0.001 g/L) groups. They were evaluated in three moments (30, 60, and 90 days). The variables analyzed were the gonadosomatic index (GSI), weight to length ratio, seminiferous tubules morphometry (diameter and height), tissue damage, and immunohistochemical analysis for caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pyriproxyfen and fenthion injured the seminiferous tubule tissue, and the damage progressed according to the exposure time. In addition, the GSI gradually reduced over time in all groups compared with the first moment (30 days), while caspase-3, TNF-α, and VEGF values increased only in the fenthion-exposed group. Therefore, pyriproxyfen and fenthion changed the gonadal morphology of male Oreochromis niloticus, which may affect their reproduction in the wild or captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naisandra B Silva Farias
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raimundo F A Júnior
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Wallace S Nascimento
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Ai N, Han CR, Zhao H, Cheng SY, Ge W. Disruption of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Thrab Leads to Female Infertility in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae037. [PMID: 38527850 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) T4 and T3 are vital for development, growth, and metabolism. Thyroid dysfunction can also cause problems in fertility, suggesting involvement of THs in reproduction. In zebrafish, there exist 2 forms of TH receptor alpha gene (thraa and thrab). Disruption of these genes by CRISPR/Cas9 showed no reproductive irregularities in the thraa mutant; however, inactivation of the thrab gene resulted in female infertility. Although young female mutants (thrabm/m) showed normal ovarian development and folliculogenesis before sexual maturation, they failed to release eggs during oviposition after sexual maturation. This spawning failure was due to oviductal blockage at the genital papilla. The obstruction of the oviduct subsequently caused an accumulation of the eggs in the ovary, resulting in severe ovarian hypertrophy, abdominal distention, and disruption of folliculogenesis. Gene expression analysis showed expression of both TH receptors and estrogen receptors in the genital papilla, suggesting a direct TH action and potential interactions between thyroid and estrogen signaling pathways in controlling genital papilla development and function. In addition to their actions in the reproductive tracts, THs may also have direct effects in the ovary, as suggested by follicle atresia and cessation of folliculogenesis in the heterozygous mutant (thrab+/m), which was normal in all aspects of female reproduction in young and sexually mature fish but exhibited premature ovarian failure in aged females. In summary, this study provides substantial evidence for roles of THs in controlling the development and functions of both reproductive tract and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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10
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Impellitteri F, Riolo K, Multisanti CR, Zicarelli G, Piccione G, Faggio C, Giannetto A. Evaluating quaternium-15 effects on Mytilus galloprovincialis: New insights on physiological and cellular responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170568. [PMID: 38309339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Among personal care products, quaternium-15 is prominently featured as a preservative in items such as shampoos, soaps, shaving products, and cosmetics. The widespread use of these products in people's daily routines contributes to quaternium-15 release into aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the primary aim of the study was to assess the physiological and cellular responses of the digestive gland and gills in Mytilus galloprovincialis to quaternium-15 exposure. Cell viability and the ability of digestive gland cells to regulate their volume were evaluated. Additionally, the expression of the genes involved in oxidative stress response was assessed to further substantiate the compound's harmful effects. Results indicated a significant decrease in both the viability of digestive gland cells and their RVD (regulatory volume decrease) capacity when exposed to a hypotonic solution. Furthermore, impairment of digestive gland cell function was corroborated by the modulation of oxidative stress-related gene expression, including SOD, Cat, as well as Hsp70 and CYP4Y1. Similar gene expression alterations were observed in the gills, reflecting impaired functionality in this vital organ as well. In summary, the outcomes of the study provide conclusive evidence of the toxicity of quaternium-15. This underscores the urgent need to further investigate the toxicological effects of this contaminant on aquatic ecosystems and emphasises the necessity of limiting the use of products containing quaternium-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Impellitteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Kristian Riolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Zicarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Küçükler S, Çelik O, Özdemir S, Aydın Ş, Çomaklı S, Dalkılınç E. Effects of rutin against deltamethrin-induced testicular toxicity in rats: Biochemical, molecular, and pathological studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114562. [PMID: 38432437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Orhan Çelik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Şeyma Aydın
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Elif Dalkılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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12
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Hoseini M, Paknejad H, Sudagar M, Anvarifar H, Shekarabi SPH. Nucleotides supplementation (Nucleoforce fish™) in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) diet: Growth performance, skin mucosal immune response, and resistance to salinity stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109381. [PMID: 38246268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the growth, epidermal mucosal immunity, expression of growth-related genes, cross-protection, and resistance to salinity stress of Caspian roach were scrutinized in response to dietary levels of nucleotides (NT). Accordingly, 1200 fish (0.51 ± 0.01 g) were fed ad libitum with a basal diet (38.88 % crude protein and 10.04 % crude lipid in dry basis) containing incremental levels of NT at 0 (NT-0; control), 0.3 g kg-1 (NT-0.3), 0.6 g kg-1 (NT-0.6), and 1.2 g kg-1 (NT-1.2) for 8 weeks in triplicates. The growth performance was significantly increased in the fish fed with NT-0.6 and NT-1.2 diets compared to the control group (p < 0.05). A significant elevation in the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression was recorded in NT-added groups at 0.6 and 1.2 g kg-1 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, feeding on NT-0.6 and NT-1.2 diets had a remarkable effect on the skin mucus soluble protein and immunoglobulin levels (p < 0.05). After the feeding trial, we examined how salinity stress (15 g/l salinity) lonely and salinity stress under non-lethal thermal shock (+10 °C) affected heat shock protein (HSP70). Then, the mRNA expression of HSP70 gene from the gill was analyzed at 0, 2, 8, and 24 h post-challenge tests. The HSP70 gene expression level was approximately up-regulated more than 2-fold in NT-6 and NT-1.2 treatments compared to the control group under the salinity stress. Altogether, this research represents that the addition of NT at 0.6 and 1.2 g kg-1 in Caspian roach diet can improve overall performance and resistance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hoseini
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sudagar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Anvarifar
- University of Applied Science and Technology, Provincial Unit, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi
- National Research Center of Saltwater Aquatic Animals, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bafq, Iran
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13
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Xiu W, Ding W, Mou S, Li Y, Sultan Y, Ma J, Li X. Adverse effects of fenpropathrin on the intestine of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the mechanism involved. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105799. [PMID: 38458669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin (FEN), a pyrethroid pesticide, is frequently detected in natural water bodies, unavoidable pose adverse effects to aquatic organisms. However, the harmful effects and potential mechanisms of FEN on aquatic species are poorly understood. In this study, common carp were treatment with FEN at 0.45 and 1.35 μg/L for 14 d, and the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of FEN on the intestine of carp were revealed. RNA-seq results showed that FEN exposure cause a wide range of transcriptional alterations in the intestine and the differentially expressed genes were mainly enrichment in the pathways related to immune and metabolism. Specifically, FEN exposure induced pathological damage and altered submicroscopic structure of the intestine, elevated the levels of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin, altered the contents of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), and causing injury to the intestinal barrier. In addition, inflammation-related index TNF-α in the serum and IL-6 in the intestinal tissues were generally increased after FEN exposure. Moreover, FEN exposure promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), upregulated the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the intestines. The apoptosis-related parameter cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were significantly altered, indicating that inflammation reaction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis may be involved in the toxic mechanism of FEN on carp. Moreover, FEN treatment also altered the intestinal flora community significantly, which may affect the intestinal normal physiological function and thus affect the growth of fish. Overall, the present study help to clarify the intestinal reaction mechanisms after FEN treatment, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of FEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Xiu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weikai Ding
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shaoyu Mou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Yousef Sultan
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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14
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Sharma A, Kumari P, Sharma I. Experimental exploration of estrogenic effects of norethindrone and 17α-ethinylestradiol on zebrafish (Danio rerio) gonads. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 275:109782. [PMID: 37884256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic progestins and xenoestrogens found in aquatic habitats are currently gaining attention on global scale. The current study aimed to investigate the time-and dose-dependent effects of synthetic progestin Norethindrone (NET; 100, 500 and 1000 ng/L) and estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 100 ng/L) individually as well as in binary mixture (1000 ng/L NET + 100 ng/L EE2) on reproductive histology and transcriptional expression profile of genes in adult zebrafish. For this, 20 female (3.15 ± 0.18 cm & 0.33 ± 0.06 g) and 20 male zebrafish in each group (2.93 ± 0.13 cm & 0.29 ± 0.04 g) were exposed to drugs dissolved in water for 30 days in 12 L rectangular tanks. We found that both NET and EE2 exposure reduced the gonadosomatic index in females, while only EE2 exposure caused significant reduction in males (p ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, NET delayed oocyte maturation in females and accelerated spermatogenesis in males, while EE2 consistently suppressed sperm maturation throughout the experiment. Further, qRT-PCR results revealed differential expression pattern of the study genes (er-α, er-β1, er-β2, pgr, vegfaa and p53) in male and female zebrafish. Co-exposure indicated potential inconsistencies in steroidal function in mixtures rather than single exposures. Our findings imply that changes in gonadal histology after NET and EE2 exposure may result from unique regulation of steroid hormone receptors. Additionally, significantly reduced p53 levels (p ≤ 0.05) following co-exposure in both sexes may suggest an elevated risk of neoplastic transformations. Further research with mammalian models will help to explore the mechanisms behind differing effects of alone and co-exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. https://twitter.com/@sharma_anu0812
| | - Priti Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India. https://twitter.com/@InduSha28285972
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15
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Banaee M, Badr AA, Multisanti CR, Haghi BN, Faggio C. The toxicity effects of the individual and combined exposure of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tire rubber powder (RP) on Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109759. [PMID: 37778452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is soluble in water and can contaminate water sources when it spills during transportation or leaks from underground storage tanks. Incomplete combustion releases MTBE as exhaust fumes that can be deposited on urban surfaces. Meanwhile, car tires erosion emits of large amounts of rubber dust (RP), easily transported to water bodies. Therefore, this study has the objective of assessing the toxicity of varying concentrations of MTBE (0, 2.5, 5.0 μL L-1) and RP (0, 5.0, 10.0 mg L-1 RP), both individually and in combination, over a period of 28 days on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). MTBE and PR decreased fish growth performance. Blood biochemical analytes indicated that MTBE and RP led to increasing Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Alterations related to glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and creatinine, plasma contents, were also observed. Increased antioxidant biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and malondialdehyde (MDA), was observed. Exposure fish to MTBE and PR changed metabolic profile of muscle tissue. Moreover, results showed that MTBE, its metabolites, and PR could accumulate in the muscle tissue of fish. Results suggest that MTBE and RP can impact fish health, both individually and when combined. The presence of MTBE enhances the toxicity of RP, indicating a synergistic effect. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to understand the impact of toxic compounds on aquatic environments and organisms' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ali Badr
- Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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16
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Zeidi A, Sayadi MH, Rezaei MR, Banaee M, Gholamhosseini A, Pastorino P, Multisanti CR, Faggio C. Single and combined effects of CuSO 4 and polyethylene microplastics on biochemical endpoints and physiological impacts on the narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacusleptodactylus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140478. [PMID: 37865200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics (MPs; <0.02 mm) and CuSO4, alone and in combination, on the freshwater crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus. In this study, the crayfish were exposed to PE-MPs (0.0, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1) and CuSO4·5H2O (0.0, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1) for a period of 28 days. Next, multi-biomarkers, including biochemical, immunological, and oxidative stress indicators were analyzed. Results showed that co-exposure to PE-MPs and CuSO4 resulted in increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT). Triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and albumin content also increased. Although no significant change was observed in lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in crayfish co-exposed to 0.5 mg L-1 MPs and 0.5 mg L-1 CuSO4, their activities were significantly decreased in other experimental groups. Oxidative stress parameters in hepatopancreas indicated increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but decreased catalase (CAT), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and cellular total antioxidant (TAC). Results showed that the sub-chronic toxicity of CuSO4 was confirmed. The study confirmed the toxicity of CuSO4 and found that higher concentrations led to more severe effects. Co-exposure to PE-MPs and CuSO4 primarily compromised the endpoints, showing increased toxicity when both pollutants were present in higher concentrations. The activities of POX, LYZ, ALP, GGT, LDH, and CAT were suppressed by both CuSO4 and MPs. However, a synergistic increase was observed in other measured biomarkers in crayfish co-exposed to CuSO4 and MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zeidi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sayadi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Amin Gholamhosseini
- Division of Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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17
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Rahman ANA, Altohamy DE, Elshopakey GE, Abdelwarith AA, Younis EM, Elseddawy NM, Elgamal A, Bazeed SM, Khamis T, Davies SJ, Ibrahim RE. Potential role of dietary Boswellia serrata resin against mancozeb fungicide-induced immune-antioxidant suppression, histopathological alterations, and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106738. [PMID: 37922777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was established to look into the toxicological consequences of chronic exposure to a fungicide (mancozeb; MAZ) on the immune-antioxidant response, gene expressions, hepato-renal functions, and histological pictures of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Additionally, the effectiveness of Indian frankincense resin extract (IFRE) to mitigate their toxicity was taken into account. Fish (n =240; average body weight: 22.45 ± 2.21 g) were randomized into four groups for eight weeks in six replicates (control, IFRE, MAZ, and IFRE + MAZ), where ten fish were kept per replicate. The control and IFRE groups received basal diets that included 0.0 and 5 g/kg of IFRE without MAZ exposure. The MAZ and IFRE+MAZ groups received the same diets and were exposed to 1/10 of the 96-h of LC50 of MAZ (1.15 mg/L). The outcomes displayed that MAZ exposure resulted in a lower survival rate (56.67 %) and significantly decreased levels of immune-antioxidant variables (antiprotease, complement3, phagocytic activity, lysozyme, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) compared to the control group. The MAZ-exposed fish showed the greatest levels of lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde), alkaline phosphatase, alanine amino-transferase, and stress indicators (cortisol and glucose). Additionally, histopathological alterations, including vacuolation, severe necrosis, degeneration, and mononuclear cell infiltrations in the hepatic, renal, and splenic tissues resulted, besides a reduction in the melanomacrophage center in the spleen. A down-regulation of immune-antioxidant-associated genes [toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-7), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 gamma b (pik3r3b), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-8), glutathione synthetase (GSS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were the consequences of the MAZ exposure. Remarkably, the dietary inclusion of IFRE in MAZ-exposed fish augmented the immune-antioxidant parameters, including their associated genes, decreased stress response, and increased survival rate (85 %) compared with the MAZ-exposed fish. Moreover, dietary IFRE improved hepato-renal function indices by preserving the histological architecture of the hepatic, renal, and splenic tissues. The insights of this study advocate the use of an IFRE-dietary addition to protect Nile tilapia from MAZ toxicity, which provides perspectives for future implementations in enhancing fish health for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf N Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Dalia E Altohamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed M Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M Elseddawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aya Elgamal
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shefaa M Bazeed
- Department of Biochemistry and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Simon J Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91V8Y1, Ireland
| | - Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
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18
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Ramya S, Barathinivas A, Jayakumararaj R, Pothiraj C, Ali D, Piccione G, Multisanti CR, Balaji P, Faggio C. Ecotoxicological insights: Effects of pesticides on ionic metabolism regulation in freshwater catfish, Mystus keletius. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106764. [PMID: 37972502 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Fish maintain their body fluid ionic and osmotic homeostasis using sophisticated iono-/osmoregulation mechanisms through gills ionocytes. Pesticide-induced ionic imbalance in fish has been recognized as a valuable tool to determine its toxic effects. Acute exposure to synthetic and organo-chemical pesticides on the regulation of ionic (Na+, Ca2+, P) metabolism in freshwater catfish Mystus keletius was evaluated. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (mg/l) of selected pesticide for a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results indicated that chemical pesticides - Impala and Ekalux - evoked adverse toxic effects on selected tissues compared to organo-chemical pesticide tested. Statistical analysis of the summative data using two-way ANOVA was significant (p-value<0.001). Variations in the cellular parameters analysed were attributed to the physiological acclimatization of fish to the pesticide exposed. Based on the results it is concluded that organic pesticides may be preferred for rice field application considering safety aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Ramya
- P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Yadava College (Men), Madurai, TN, India
| | - Ayyanar Barathinivas
- P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Yadava College (Men), Madurai, TN, India
| | | | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Paulraj Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, TN, India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
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19
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Kumar A, Jasrotia S, Dutta J, Kyzas GZ. Pyrethroids toxicity in vertebrates and invertebrates and amelioration by bioactive compounds: A review. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105615. [PMID: 37945252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Generations of different synthetic pesticides have been launched over time to maintain balance between production and consumption of the agricultural yield, control various disease programmes, store grains, etc. Pyrethroids, which are supposed to be non-toxic, have been excessively implemented and have contaminated soil and water bodies. Thus, pyrethroids cause severe and dreadful pernicious effects on various life forms residing in soil, air, and water. Various obnoxious effects of pyrethroids have been analyzed in the vertebrate and invertebrate systems of the animal kingdom. Pyrethroids, namely, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Beta-cyfluthrin, Esfenvalerate, Fenvalerate, and Bifenthrin, have set out various types of degenerative and toxic impacts that include oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity involving thymic and splenic toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, foetal toxicity, alterations in serum calcium and phosphate levels, cerebral and bone marrow degeneration, degeneration of the reproductive system, histological alteration, and DNA damage. Bioactive compounds like Diosmin, Curcumin, Rutin, Spirulina platensis, sesame oil, Naringin, Allicin, Piperine, alpha-lipoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, Cyperus rotundus L. tuber extract, herbal syrup from chicory and artichoke leaves, green tea extract, Quercetin, Trans-ferulic acid, Ascorbic acid, Propolis, ethanolic extract of grape pomace, and Melatonin have been reported to sublime the toxic effects of these pesticides. The expanding harmfulness of pesticides is a real and demanding issue that needs to be overcome, and bioactive compounds have been shown to reduce the toxicity in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
| | - Shailja Jasrotia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala GR-654 04, Greece
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20
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Rashidian G, Mohammadi-Aloucheh R, Hosseinzadeh-Otaghvari F, Chupani L, Stejskal V, Samadikhah H, Zamanlui S, Multisanti CR, Faggio C. Long-term exposure to small-sized silica nanoparticles (SiO 2-NPs) induces oxidative stress and impairs reproductive performance in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109715. [PMID: 37595938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) in various industries, including chemical polishing, cosmetics, varnishes, medical, and food products, has increased the risk of their release into aquatic ecosystems. The toxic effects of small-size SiO2-NPs on the reproductive performance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) have yet to be widely studied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic exposure to small-sized (35 ± 6 nm) SiO2-NPs on adult zebrafish through waterborne exposure to concentrations of 5 (SNP5), 10 (SNP10), 15 (SNP15), and 20 (SNP20) μg/L of SiO2-NPs for 28 days. Our results showed that SiO2-NPs significantly impacted several biochemical parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, total protein, albumin, urea levels, and alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activity. Cortisol and glucose levels in the SNP20 group significantly differed from the control group. All the exposed groups, apart from SNP5, experienced a significant increase in their total immunoglobulin levels and lysozyme activity. While there was a considerable increase in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in all exposed groups, the expression of antioxidant genes did not appear to be affected. Furthermore, the expression level of il8 was significantly higher in SNP5 and SNP10 than in other treatments. Exposure to SiO2-NPs caused a decrease in gonad weight, absolute fecundity, and larval survival rate, particularly in the SNP20 group. The present study indicates that SiO2-NPs can harm zebrafish and thus further research is necessary to assess their health and environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Husova třída 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Farnaz Hosseinzadeh-Otaghvari
- Department of Cell and molecular biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Latifeh Chupani
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Husova třída 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Hamidreza Samadikhah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 13185/768, Iran.
| | - Soheila Zamanlui
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, P.O. Box 13185-768, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Cristiana Roberta Multisanti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S Agata, Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 S Agata, Messina, Italy.
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21
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Shiry N, Darvishi P, Gholamhossieni A, Pastorino P, Faggio C. Exploring the combined interplays: Effects of cypermethrin and microplastic exposure on the survival and antioxidant physiology of Astacus leptodactylus. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 259:104257. [PMID: 37922724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste and micro/nanoplastic particles pose a significant global environmental challenge, along with concerns surrounding certain pesticides' impact on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the effects of microplastic particles (MPPs) and cypermethrin (CYP) on crayfish, focusing on biochemical indices, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, hematological changes, and histopathological damage. After determining the LC50-96 h value (4.162 μg/L), crayfish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of CYP (1.00 ppb (20%) and 2.00 ppb (50%)) and fed a diet containing 100 mg/kg MPPs for 60 days. Hemolymph transfusion and histopathological examinations of the hepatopancreas were conducted. The results showed significant alterations in crayfish. Total protein levels decreased, indicating protein breakdown to counteract contaminants, while total cholesterol and triglyceride levels declined, suggesting impaired metabolism. Glucose levels increased in response to chemical stress. The decline in total antioxidant capacity highlighted the impact of prolonged xenobiotic exposure and oxidative stress, while increased CAT, SOD, and MDA activities helped mitigate oxidative stress and maintain cellular homeostasis. The elevated total hemocyte count, particularly in semi-granular cells, suggests their active involvement in the detoxification process. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shiry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Iran Fisheries Organization, Administration of Khuzestan Province, Abadan, Iran
| | - Paria Darvishi
- Iran Fisheries Organization, Administration of Khuzestan Province, Abadan, Iran; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amin Gholamhossieni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna, Torino, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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22
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Zhang Z, Qiu T, Zhou J, Gong X, Yang K, Zhang X, Lan Y, Yang C, Zhou Z, Ji Y. Toxic effects of sirolimus and everolimus on the development and behavior of zebrafish embryos. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115397. [PMID: 37659200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus and everolimus have been widely used in children. These mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have shown excellent efficacy not only in organ transplant patients as immunosuppressive agents but also in patients with some other diseases. However, whether mTOR inhibitors can affect the growth and development of children is of great concern. In this study, using zebrafish models, we discovered that sirolimus and everolimus could slow the development of zebrafish, affecting indicators such as survival, hatching, deformities, body length, and movement. In addition to these basic indicators, sirolimus and everolimus had certain slowing effects on the growth and development of the nervous system, blood vessels, and the immune system. These effects were dose dependent. When the drug concentration reached or exceeded 0.5 μM, the impacts of sirolimus and everolimus were very significant. More interestingly, the impact was transient. Over time, the various manifestations of experimental embryos gradually approached those of control embryos. We also compared the effects of sirolimus and everolimus on zebrafish, and we revealed that there was no significant difference between these drugs in terms of their effects. In summary, the dose of sirolimus and everolimus in children should be strictly controlled, and the drug concentration should be monitored over time. Otherwise, drug overdosing may have a certain impact on the growth and development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuru Lan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congxia Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zilong Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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23
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Shiry N, Derakhshesh N, Alavinia SJ, Pouladi M, Falco F, Faggio C. Anodonta cygnea, a freshwater swan mussel, exposed to diazinon: toxicity thresholds in behaviour and physiology. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1303-1319. [PMID: 36763184 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Swan mussels (Anodonta cygnea) have been suggested as suitable bioindicators for the presence of pollutants in the environment. Application of the physiological and behavioral markers in these sessile species can be beneficial for environmental monitoring. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the behavioral disorders of movement and siphoning associated with the inhibition of tissue Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). For experiments, overally 120 bivalves of Anodonta cygnea (mean total length 80.33 ± 6.7 mm) were transported from the agricultural drains and canals in Sari county (Mazandaran Province, Iran) to our laboratory. First, the LC50-96 h of diazinon was estimated according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 1992) guideline with static water conditions. The sub-lethal toxicity pesticide experiments were conducted on the basis of the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC). The LC50-96 h, LOEC, and MATC values of diazinon were 85.2, 42.1, and 8.5 mg L- 1, respectively. Based on the observations of mussels' movement, the burrowing and displacement decreased with the concentration of toxicant in water. Moreover, the presence of diazinon in water and its exposure to experimental animals significantly reduces their siphoning rate. The RDA showed that the AChE activity had a higher correlation with the siphoning behavior than the movement behavior. The comparison of enzyme activity at different exposure and recovery times showed that there was a significant difference among the groups affected by the consumed pesticide (p = 0.001, between contrasts). The most remarkable morphometric characteristic was the siphon opening that was inversely correlated with the enzymatic activity. Studies in bioethics might benefit from paying attention to these traits that are directly related to the level of toxicity and behavioral adaptations required for animal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shiry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Iran Fisheries Organization, Administration of Khuzestan Province, Abadan, Iran
| | - Negin Derakhshesh
- Iran Fisheries Organization, Administration of Khuzestan Province, Abadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Alavinia
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Pouladi
- Iran Fisheries Organization, Administration of Bushehr Province, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Francesca Falco
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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24
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Banaee M, Sagvand S, Sureda A, Amini M, Haghi BN, Sopjani M, Faggio C. Evaluation of single and combined effects of mancozeb and metalaxyl on the transcriptional and biochemical response of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109597. [PMID: 36889533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb and metalaxyl are fungicidal agents frequently used in combination to control fungi in crops that may affect non-target organisms when entering ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the environmental effects of Mancozeb (MAN) and Metalaxyl (MET), alone and in combination, on zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model. The oxidative stress biomarkers and the transcription of genes involved in detoxification in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed after co-exposure to MAN (0, 5.5, and 11 μg L-1) and MET (0, 6.5, and 13 mg L-1) for 21 days. Exposure to MAN and MET induced a significant increase in the expression of genes related to detoxification mechanisms (Ces2, Cyp1a, and Mt2). Although Mt1 gene expression increased in fish exposed to 11 μg L-1 of MAN combined with 13 mg L-1 of MET, Mt1 expression was down-regulated significantly in other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The combined exposure to both fungicides showed synergistic effects in the expression levels that are manifested mainly at the highest concentration. Although a significant (p < 0.05) increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases (AST and ALT), catalase activities, the total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to MAN and MET alone and in combination was detected, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and hepatic glycogen content decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, these results emphasize that combined exposure to MET and MAN can synergistically affect the transcription of genes involved in detoxification (except Mt1 and Mt2) and biochemical indicators in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Shiva Sagvand
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mentor Sopjani
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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25
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Gayen T, Tripathi A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Ecotoxicological impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of aspirin in the liver of Labeo rohita: Biochemical and histopathological investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138921. [PMID: 37178937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is one of the emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment and thus it could impart toxicity to non-target organisms including fish. The present study aims to investigate the biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver of the fish, Labeo rohita exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of aspirin (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The biochemical investigation revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase; and reduced glutathione content in a concentration and duration dependent manner. Further, the decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase was in a dose dependent manner. The activity of glutathione-s-transferase, however, increased significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The lipid peroxidation and total nitrate content showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in a dose and duration dependent manner. The metabolic enzymes such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in all three exposure concentrations and durations. The histopathological alterations in the liver such as vacuolization, hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, nuclear degenerative changes, and bile stagnosis increased in a dose and duration dependent manner. Hence, the present study concludes aspirin has a toxic impact on fish, which is evidenced by its profound effect on biochemical parameters and histopathological analysis. These can be employed as potential indicators of pharmaceutical toxicity in the field of environmental biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Gayen
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Anchal Tripathi
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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26
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Ünal E, Sulukan E, Şenol O, Baran A, Nadaroğlu H, Kankaynar M, Kızıltan T, Ceyhun SB. Antioxidant/protective effects of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) water extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress/toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109584. [PMID: 36822298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In our study, the antioxidant capacity of carob pods water extract (CPWE) against deltamethrin (DM)-induced oxidative stress, a widely used pesticide around the world, was investigated in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the obtained extract was evaluated with different methods using trolox, BHA and BHT standard antioxidants. For in vivo experiments, 4hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to 10 ppb and 25 ppb DM for 120 h and the larvae were treated with 1-10 and 100 ppm CPWE for 4 h at 72th hours. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that the exposure of zebrafish to DM during the developmental period causes important body malformations, decrease in survival rate, reduction in eye size, shortening in body length and decrease in locomotor activity in the dark period. In addition, according to the results of whole-mount staining, it was determined that DM caused a significant increase in the amount of free oxygen radicals and apoptotic cells. It was also confirmed by metabolome analysis that CPWE application for 4 h reduced DM-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. As a result, it can be said that CPWE has an important antioxidant capacity in eliminating DM-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ünal
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alper Baran
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Nadaroğlu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kankaynar
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kızıltan
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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27
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Effects of Single and Combined Ciprofloxacin and Lead Treatments on Zebrafish Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Elements Content. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054952. [PMID: 36902383 PMCID: PMC10003324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the toxic effects of antibiotics and heavy metals have been extensively studied in the last decades, their combined adverse impact on aquatic organisms is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the acute effects of a ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and lead (Pb) mixture on the 3D swimming behavior, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation level (MDA-malondialdehyde), activity of some oxidative stress markers (SOD-superoxide dismutase and GPx-glutathione peroxidase), and the essential elements content (Cu-copper, Zn-zinc, Fe-iron, Ca-calcium, Mg-magnesium, Na-sodium and K-potassium) in the body of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cipro, Pb, and a mixture for 96 h. The results revealed that acute exposure to Pb alone and in mixture with Cipro impaired zebrafish exploratory behavior by decreasing swimming activity and elevating freezing duration. Moreover, significant deficiencies of Ca, K, Mg, and Na contents, as well as an excess of Zn level, were observed in fish tissues after exposure to the binary mixture. Likewise, the combined treatment with Pb and Cipro inhibited the activity of AChE and increased the GPx activity and MDA level. The mixture produced more damage in all studied endpoints, while Cipro had no significant effect. The findings highlight that the simultaneous presence of antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment can pose a threat to the health of living organisms.
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28
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Raposo-Garcia S, Costas C, Louzao MC, Vale C, Botana LM. Synergistic effect of environmental food pollutants: Pesticides and marine biotoxins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160111. [PMID: 36370778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging marine biotoxins such as ciguatoxins and pyrethroid compounds, widely used in agriculture, are independently treated as environmental toxicants. Their maximum residue levels in food components are set without considering their possible synergistic effects as consequence of their interaction with the same cellular target. There is an absolute lack of data on the possible combined cellular effects that biological and chemical pollutants, may have. Nowadays, an increasing presence of ciguatoxins in European Coasts has been reported and these toxins can affect human health. Similarly, the increasing use of phytosanitary products for control of food plagues has raised exponentially during the last decades due to climate change. The lack of data and regulation evaluating the combined effect of environmental pollutants with the same molecular target led us to analyse their in vitro effects. In this work, the effects of ciguatoxins and pyrethroids in human sodium channels were investigated. The results presented in this study indicate that both types of compounds have a profound synergistic effect in voltage-dependent sodium channels. These food pollutants act by decreasing the maximum peak inward sodium currents and hyperpolarizing the sodium channels activation, effects that are boosted by the simultaneous presence of both compounds. A fact that highlights the need to re-evaluate their limits in feedstock as well as their potential in vivo toxicity considering that they act on the same cellular target. Moreover, this work sets the cellular basis to further apply this type of studies to other water and food pollutants that may act synergistically and thus implement the corresponding regulatory limits taking into account its presence in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Raposo-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Muthukumaravel K, Kanagavalli V, Pradhoshini KP, Vasanthi N, Santhanabharathi B, Alam L, Musthafa MS, Faggio C. Potential biomarker of phenol toxicity in freshwater fish C. mrigala: Serum cortisol, enzyme acetylcholine esterase and survival organ gill. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109492. [PMID: 36283648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this modern industrialized era of large-scale production of agrochemicals, various emerging contaminants form the main components of waste water and sludge in most of the developing countries of the world. In this concern, phenol- an inevitable and alarming chemical pollutant in aquatic ecosystem, gains a speedy access into the water bodies as an industrial by-product. Though the detrimental effects of phenol have been studied in various aspects of aquatic life, current study is an initiative to unravel the toxic effects of phenol at molecular level in Cirrhinus mrigala. Plasma cortisol level and acetylcholine esterase activity in fish was estimated by Chemiluminescent immunoassay technique and Ellman assay respectively. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to unravel the gill histopathological alterations in exposed fish. It was observed that phenol (22.32 mg/l) inhibits 50 % of acetylcholine esterase activity in brain thereby affecting the locomotion of the targeted carp. Cortisol elevated during the 7th day in exposed fish, but declined progressively on the forthcoming 21st and 28th days. Manifestations in gill encompass curling, fusion, aberrations, sloughing of gill epithelium, wider inter filamentary space and mucus coating in the primary gill filament. It concludes that the discernable deviations produced in both biochemical parameters and key organ gill can be used as a biomarker and bio-indicator respectively for assessing the existence of emerging toxicants in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannayiram Muthukumaravel
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Adirampattinam, Tamil Nadu 614 701, India
| | | | - Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 014, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Natarajan Vasanthi
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Adirampattinam, Tamil Nadu 614 701, India
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 014, India
| | - Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 014, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166 S.Agata-Messina, Italy.
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Santos KPED, Ferreira Silva I, Mano-Sousa BJ, Duarte-Almeida JM, Castro WVD, Azambuja Ribeiro RIMD, Santos HB, Thomé RG. Abamectin promotes behavior changes and liver injury in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136941. [PMID: 36272627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides is a worldwide concern due to the environment contamination since it can cause deleterious effects to non-target organisms including the fishes. The effects of abamectin, a pesticide from the avermectin family, were evaluated in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to a commercial formula commonly used in Brazil. The animals were submitted to acute (96 h) and to a short-term chronic exposure (15 days) of distinct concentrations of abamectin. LC50 was determined and a histological study followed by an immunohistochemistry analysis for P-gp and HSP70 identification were performed on livers of the animals submitted to the acute and chronic treatment, respectively. Moreover, behavior patterns were observed daily in both trials. A LC50 value of 105.68 μg/L was determined. The histological analysis revealed a morphological alteration of the hepatocytes, glycogen accumulation, degeneration, and disorganization of the cytoplasm, and a pyknotic, irregular, and laterally located nuclei. The immunohistochemistry for HSP70 and P-gp showed strong staining in the hepatocytes of the control groups and progressive decrease as the concentration of abamectin increased. Changes were observed in body posture, movement around the aquarium, opercular activity, body color and search for food in the groups treated with abamectin. The results presented suggest that abamectin can affect the behavioral pattern of the animals, promote morphological changes, and decrease the expression of HSP70 and P-gp in zebrafish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiza Priscila Enes Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabella Ferreira Silva
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Brayan Jonas Mano-Sousa
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Maurício Duarte-Almeida
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório Central Analítica, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ribeiro YM, Moreira DP, Weber AA, Sales CF, Melo RMC, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E, Paschoalini AL. Adverse effects of herbicides in freshwater Neotropical fish: A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106293. [PMID: 36148734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although herbicides have been developed to act on the physiological processes of plants, they are responsible for causing deleterious effects on animals. These chemical compounds are widely used throughout the world, but especially in countries that export agricultural products such as Central and South America, their use has increased in recent years. Aquatic environments are natural reservoirs of herbicides, which after being applied on crops, run off through the soil reaching rivers, lakes, and oceans. Fish are among the many organisms affected by the contamination of aquatic environments caused by herbicides. These animals play an important ecological role and are a major source of food for humans. However, few studies address the effects of herbicides on fish in this region. Thus, in the present review we discuss the morphophysiological and molecular consequences of herbicide exposure in Neotropical fish systems as well as how the environmental and land use characteristics in this region can influence the toxicity of these pollutants. A toxicity pathway framework was developed summarizing the mechanisms by which herbicides act and endpoints that need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Ferreira Sales
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Fortuna M, Soares SM, Pompermaier A, Freddo N, Nardi J, Mozzato MT, Varela ACC, Costa VC, Siqueira L, Menegasso AS, da Costa Maffi V, Barcellos LJG. Exposure to levonorgestrel-based birth control pill in early life and its persistent effects in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104006. [PMID: 36328330 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of progestins has increased considerably in recent decades, as has their disposal into the environment. These substances can negatively affect the reproduction, physiology, and behavior of non-target organisms, such as fish. We aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of levonorgestrel-control birth based (1.3, 13.3, 133, and 1330 ng/L) on the development and behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in terms of mortality, hatching, spontaneous movement, and larval and adult behavioral tests. Exposure caused anxiogenic-like behavior in larvae, which persisted in adults, as demonstrated by the light-dark test. In contrast, it caused anxiolytic-like behavior in the novel tank test. There was a high mortality rate at all tested concentrations and increases in the hormone cortisol at 13.3 ng/L that affected the sex ratio. These changes may lead to an ecological imbalance, emphasizing the risk of early exposure to progestins in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Fortuna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suelen Mendonça Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natália Freddo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nardi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mateus Timbola Mozzato
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda Carolina Cole Varela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitória Cadore Costa
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aloma Santin Menegasso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victoria da Costa Maffi
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Porretti M, Arrigo F, Di Bella G, Faggio C. Impact of pharmaceutical products on zebrafish: An effective tool to assess aquatic pollution. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109439. [PMID: 35961532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Overuse of pharmaceuticals products (PPs) and sometimes ineffective wastewater purification systems have led to the accumulation of these residues in aquatic systems. Raising concerns about the likely harmful effects of these substances both to ecosystems and to human health. Animals as model organisms are nowadays increasingly used to track the health of environmental system around the world. They can be used to understand biological processes, to obtain information on the health status of the environment, and to better understand the effects of xenobiotics on organisms. Among model organisms, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the best models for studying evolution biology, cancer, toxicology, drug discovery, and genetics. This fish is a multipurpose model organism, due to its easy of maintenance and keeping and the transparency of the embryo during the early stages of development. In this paper, the toxicological effects of typical PPs, and their effects on zebrafish are reviewed. Many PPs have been found to be toxic or even fatal to zebrafish. Showing how these pharmaceuticals compound can affect zebrafish from the larval stage and even in the adult stage. Zebrafish is thus a model for how we can better understand how medications affect not only individual fish but the entire aquatic ecosystem, bringing about perturbations in their behaviour and putting their survival at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Porretti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Mukherjee D, Saha S, Chukwuka AV, Ghosh B, Dhara K, Saha NC, Pal P, Faggio C. Antioxidant enzyme activity and pathophysiological responses in the freshwater walking catfish, Clarias batrachus Linn under sub-chronic and chronic exposures to the neonicotinoid, Thiamethoxam®. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155716. [PMID: 35526629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophilic nature and resultant persistence of neonicotinoids in aquatic systems increase the exposure duration for non-target organisms. The sublethal toxicity of the neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam® spanning sub-chronic and chronic durations was investigated in Clarias batrachus, a non-target freshwater fish species. 96 h LC50 value of Thiamethoxam® on Clarias batrachus was 138.60 mg L-1. Pre-determined exposure concentrations of Thiamethoxam® (6.93 and 13.86 mg L-1) were used and effects were assessed at days 15, 30, and 45 exposure intervals. Biomarker effects were evaluated using antioxidant enzyme responses (CAT, SOD) neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity), haematological and serum biochemistry changes (including haemoglobin content, total erythrocyte count, and serum albumin total leukocyte count, total serum protein, serum globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, phospholipid, and total serum glucose), histopathological alterations (gill and liver). Thiamethoxam®-exposed fish showed a marked reduction in haemoglobin content, total erythrocyte count, and serum albumin levels compared to control fish. Similarly, gill and liver antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD) and neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase) also showed altered responses between sub-chronic exposure on day-15 and chronic responses on day-45. Histopathological observations in gill tissue revealed alterations ranging from vacuolation, hypertrophy, disruption of primary lamellar architecture, haemorrhage, the fusion of secondary lamella, and sloughing of outer epithelia. For liver tissue of exposed fish histopathological observations included increased sinusoidal spaces (ISS), necrosis of hepatocytes (NOH), nuclear degeneration (ND), disruption of architecture (DOA), macrophage infiltration of the central vein, vacuolation (V), hypertrophied hepatocytes, and haemorrhages. The gradients of toxic responses across exposure concentrations and depictions of impaired fish health with increasing thiamethoxam® exposure duration portend lowered physiological capacity for survival in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dip Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, S.B.S. Government College, Hili, Dakshin Dinajpur, 733126 West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, South 24 Parganas, 743 611 West Bengal, India
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | - Biswatosh Ghosh
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata 700 064, West Bengal, India
| | - Kishore Dhara
- Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Nadia 741 251, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, 713 104 West Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura 799 210, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticides on Hematological Parameters and Oxidative Enzymes in Freshwater Catfish, Mystus keletius. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematological parameters and changes in stress-induced functionalities of cellular enzymes have been recognized as valuable tools for monitoring fish health and determining the toxic effects of pesticides. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of selected pesticides viz., Ekalux (EC-25%), Impala (EC-55%), and Neemstar (EC-15%) on freshwater catfish Mystus keletius. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (mg/L) of the selected pesticide for a period of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Hematological parameters viz., total erythrocyte (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) packed cell volume values decreased with an increase in exposure time to pesticides, whereas the values for parameters viz., leucocytes (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly. A decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin values coupled with decreased and deformed erythrocytes as signs of anemia were also observed. The effect of pesticides on RBC content was 1.43 (million/mm3) on day 7 and reduced to 1.18 (million/mm3) on days 14 and 21. A similar trend was found for Impala on RBC, which had an initial value of 1.36 (million/mm3) on day 7 and reached a value of 1.10 (million/mm3) on day 28. In contrast, the value of Neemstar decreased from 1.59 (million/mm3) on day 7 in control to 1.02 (million/mm3) on day 28. Data indicates that the order of toxic effect of pesticides recorded a maximum for Impala followed by Ekalux and Neemstar in the selected fish model. Likewise, the overall pattern of pesticidal activity on cellular enzymes (GDH, MDH, and SDH) recorded a maximum toxic effect for Impala followed by Ekalux and Neemstar. Results indicate that Chlorpyrifos pesticide-Impala evoked maximum toxic effect on selected tissues compared to the other two pesticides tested. Statistical analysis of the summative data using two way ANOVA was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). The differences in the hematological parameters analyzed are attributed to the physiological acclimatization of the fish to the local conditions, which influences the energy metabolism and consequently determines the health status of the fish. Overall, Impala exhibited the highest pesticidal activity on cellular enzyme, followed by Ekalux and Neemstar. Results suggest that natural pesticides may be preferable for rice field application in terms of environmental safety.
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Chouchene L, Kessabi K, Gueguen MM, Kah O, Pakdel F, Messaoudi I. Interference with zinc homeostasis and oxidative stress induction as probable mechanisms for cadmium-induced embryo-toxicity in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39578-39592. [PMID: 35106724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to provide new insights into the mechanisms that may be responsible for cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae as well as the role of the trace element zinc (Zn) in reversing Cd harmful effects. For this purpose, zebrafish eggs were exposed to Cd or/and Zn for 96 h. The effects on morphological aspect; mortality rate; Cd, Zn, and metallothionein (MT) levels; oxidative stress biomarkers; as well as molecular expression of some genes involved in Zn metabolism (Zn-MT, ZIP10, and ZnT1) and in antioxidant defense system (Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GPx) were examined. Our results showed that Cd toxicity was exerted, initially, by an interference with Zn metabolism. Thus, Cd was able to modify the expression of the corresponding genes so as to ensure its intracellular accumulation at the expense of Zn, causing its depletion. An oxidative stress was then generated, representing the second mode of Cd action which resulted in developmental anomalies and subsequently mortality. Interestingly, significant corrections have been noted following Zn supplementation based, essentially, on its ability to interact with the toxic metal. The increases of Zn bioavailability, the improvement of the oxidative status, as well as changes in Zn transporter expression profile are part of the protection mechanisms. The decrease of Cd-induced MTs after Zn supplement, both at the protein and the mRNA level, suggests that the protection provided by Zn is ensured through mechanisms not involving MT expression but which rather depend on the oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chouchene
- Génétique, Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad BP74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Kaouthar Kessabi
- Génétique, Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad BP74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail), Université de Rennes, UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail), Université de Rennes, UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail), Université de Rennes, UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Génétique, Biodiversité Et Valorisation Des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Rue Taher Haddad BP74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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Effects of Diazinon on the Survival, Blood Parameters, Gills, and Liver of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844; Teleostei: Cyprinidae). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a widely used pesticide that can affect the vital organs of non-target aquatic animals—mainly fish. This study evaluated the acute toxicity (LC50) of six DZN concentrations (0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg·L−1) and, based on its evaluation after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, two sublethal concentrations for chronic toxicity testing (0.01 and 0.05 mg·L−1) for 21 days of exposure to DZN on grass carp fingerlings (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844). The median lethal concentrations of DZN at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 1.83, 1.57, 1.35, and 1.12 mg·L−1, respectively. Next, histological observations after 96 h LC50 showed oedema of the primary lamellae of the gills at low pesticide concentrations (0.5 to 1 mg·L−1) and extensive necrosis of primary lamellae of the gills at higher concentrations (1.5 to 3 mg·L−1). Moreover, cytoplasmic vacuolation and extensive necrosis were observed in liver tissue. Increased skin mucus, unbalanced swimming on the water surface, and increased gill opercula movements were noted during chronic exposure. Haematological parameters such as haematocrit, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume were significantly reduced after 21 days of exposure to 0.05 mg·L−1 of DNZ (p < 0.05). The present study shows that DZN has various toxic effects on grass carp, which may pose a potential risk for other fish species.
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Dar OI, Aslam R, Sharma S, Jia AQ, Kaur A, Faggio C. Biomolecular alterations in the early life stages of four food fish following acute exposure of Triclosan. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103820. [PMID: 35123018 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of acute concentrations of triclosan (TCS; 96 h exposure and 10d post exposure) on the free amino acid, primary (SDS-PAGE) and secondary (FT-IR) structure of proteins in the embryos/larvae of Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. A concentration dependent increase in free amino acids, upregulation of polypeptides (100 and 70 kDa in C. carpio, C. idella and L. rohita, 55, 45, 36 kda in C. idella and L. rohita and 22 kDa in all the fish) and a decline in percent area of all the selected peaks of the FT-IR spectra was observed after exposure and recovery period. The decline in percent area was greatest for L. rohita at peak 1080 - 1088 cm-1 (-75.99%) after exposure and at peak 2854 - 2855 cm-1 (-53.59%) after recovery. Curve fitting analysis revealed a decrease in α-helices and increase in β-sheets in all fish after exposure and recovery period. The results suggest that TCS elicits alterations in biomolecules of fish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India.
| | - Raouf Aslam
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina, Italy.
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Arab-Bafrani Z, Zabihi E, Hoseini SM, Sepehri H, Khalili M. Silver nanoparticles modify hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and block cortisol response to an acute stress in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:201-209. [PMID: 35343814 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221086128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at assessing the effects of exposure to silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and a subsequent acute stress on the expression of various genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in zebrafish, Danio rerio. The fish were exposed to 0 (Control), 0.1 (LC), 0.4 (MC), and 1.2 (HC) mg Ag/L (as AgNP) over a 2-week period, followed by an acute air exposure stress. The whole body cortisol and the expression of selected genes in the fish brain and kidney were analyzed, before and after the acute stress. The results showed that AgNP increased basal cortisol levels and the expression of corticotropin releasing factor, prohormone convertase 1, pro-opiomelanocortin, and melanocortin 2 receptor; however, it suppressed/inhibited whole body cortisol, brain corticotropin releasing factor responses, pro-opiomelanocortin, and the kidney melanocortin 2 receptor responses to the acute stress. AgNP down-regulated the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, but it intensified the gene expression in response to the acute stress. Before the acute stress, LC treatment exhibited an up-regulation in Cytochrome P450-11A-1 expression, but MC and HC treatments induced down-regulation. After the acute stress, the AgNP-exposed fish exhibited decreased Cytochrome P450-11A-1 expressions, compared with the Control. Exposure to AgNP significantly increased Cytochrome P450-11B expression. However, after the acute stress, LC treatment exhibited an up-regulation, but MC and HC treatments exhibited down-regulation in the Cytochrome P450-11B gene expression. In conclusion, AgNP suppressed cortisol response to stress, which appears to be a consequence of alterations in the HPI axis at the transcriptomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab-Bafrani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, 125691Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 125691Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Erfan Zabihi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, 125691Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, 163003Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sepehri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 125691Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khalili
- Stem Cell Research Center, 125691Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, 125691Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Yan J, Zhao Z, Xia M, Chen S, Wan X, He A, Daniel Sheng G, Wang X, Qian Q, Wang H. Induction of lipid metabolism dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation response by tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate in larval/adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107081. [PMID: 35021149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important organophosphate flame retardant, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) is ubiquitous in the environment leading to inevitable human exposure. However, there is a paucity of information regarding its acute/chronic effects on obesity, lipid homeostasis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, especially regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms in humans. Herein, we investigated the effects of TCPP exposure (5-25 mg/L) on lipid homeostasis in larval and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). TCPP exposure caused remarkable lipid-metabolism dysfunction, which was reflected in obesity and excessive lipid accumulation in zebrafish liver. Mechanistically, TCPP induced the over-expression of adipogenesis genes and suppressed the expression of fatty-acid β-oxidation genes. Consequently, excess lipid synthesis and deficient expenditure triggered oxidative damage and an inflammation response by disrupting the antioxidant system and over-expressing proinflammatory cytokine. Based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, we found that TCPP exposure led to enrichment of several pathways involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, as well as several genes related to pathways of cancer. Notably, increasing expressions of Ki-67 and 53BP1 proteins, which are reliable biomarkers for recognition and risk prediction of cellular proliferation in cancer cells, were observed in liver tissues of adult zebrafish. These results imply that chronic TCPP exposure triggers a potential risk of hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC) progression. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into our mechanistic understanding for the health effects of organophosphorus flame retardants on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zijia Zhao
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Min Xia
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiancheng Wan
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Anfei He
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guangyao Daniel Sheng
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Dhara K, Chukwuka AV, Saha S, Saha NC, Faggio C. Effects of short-term selenium exposure on respiratory activity and proximate body composition of early-life stages of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103805. [PMID: 34974167 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal exposure impairs respiration, increases metabolic demand, and reduces energy storage/fitness in aquatic species. Respiratory impairment and energy storage was examined in acute selenium-exposed Indian major carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala fry and were correlated with exposure concentrations. Toxicity effects were determined in a renewal bioassay using 96 h lethal selenium concentrations. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was also used to derive predicted no-effect concentrations, toxicity exposure ratios, for selenium exposures to early-life fish stages. Mortality was proportional with increasing concentrations. Oxygen consumption and lipid content compared to moisture and ash and of all protein content in tissues of C. catla and C. mrigala indicates that lowered oxygen consumption is directly predictive of lowered lipid content and selenium-induced hypoxia impacts the energy/nutritional status of the early-life stage of carp. This cross-taxa comparison will have major implications for advancing impact assessment and allow better targeting of species for conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Dhara
- Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Govt. of West Bengal, Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, Pathankhali, South 24 Parganas 743611, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Wolmarans NJ, Bervoets L, Meire P, Wepener V. Sub-lethal exposure to malaria vector control pesticides causes alterations in liver metabolomics and behaviour of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109173. [PMID: 34492387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we explore the sub-lethal effects of two malaria vector control pesticides, deltamethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), on Xenopus laevis by incorporating different levels of biological organisation. Pesticide accumulation in frog tissue was measured alongside liver metabolomics and individual swimming behaviour to assess whether changes presented at these different levels, and if such changes could be linked between levels. Results showed evidence of concentration dependent accumulation of DDT and its metabolites, but no measurable accumulation of deltamethrin in adult X. laevis after 96 h of exposure. Both DDT and deltamethrin were shown to cause alterations in the liver metabolome of X. laevis. We also showed that some of these changes can be enhanced in exposure to a mixture of these two pesticides. Initial behavioural responses recorded directly after exposure were seen in the form of decreased activity, less alterations between mobility states, and less time spent at the water surface. This response persisted after 96 h of exposure to a mixture of the two pesticides. This study shows that sub-lethal exposure to pesticides can alter the biochemical homeostasis of frogs with the potential to cascade onto behavioural and ecological levels in mixture exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Wolmarans
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Laboratory of Systemic, Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Meire
- Ecosystem Management Research Group (Ecobe), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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43
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Hamidi S, Banaee M, Pourkhabbaz HR, Sureda A, Khodadoust S, Pourkhabbaz AR. Effect of petroleum wastewater treated with gravity separation and magnetite nanoparticles adsorption methods on the blood biochemical response of mrigal fish (Cirrhinus cirrhosus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3718-3732. [PMID: 34389959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Drainage of treated wastewater to surface water is a severe threat to the health of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 0.5 and 1% water-soluble fractions of crude oil (WSFO), WSFO treated with magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (TWSFO-Fe3O4) and with the gravity separation method (TWSFO-GSM) on Cirrhinus cirrhosis for 21 days. The rate of erythrocyte hemolysis in fish exposed to untreated 0.5 and 1% WSFO were significantly high. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased in the groups exposed to TWSFO-GSM compared to the control group, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced. No significant differences in LDH, ALT, ALP, and GGT activities were observed in the fish treated with TWSFO-Fe3O4. The aspartate aminotransferase activity was significantly increased after exposure to TWSFO-Fe3O4 (1%) and TWSFO-GSM. The levels of triglyceride were decreased, whereas glucose, cholesterol, and cholinesterase activity increased in fish after both treatments. The total protein and albumin contents significantly decreased in fish under exposure to both doses of TWSFO-Fe3O4 and TWSFO-GSM. The globulin level decreased in fish exposed to TWSFO-Fe3O4 (1%) and TWSFO-GSM. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, and total antioxidant levels were significantly reduced in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to TWSFO-Fe3O4, TWSFO-GSM, and WSFO, while superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content were increased. This study showed that despite removing oil drips from the WSFO, the xenobiotics present in the effluent treated by gravitational or nano-magnetite methods caused changes in biochemical parameters and induced oxidative stress. Therefore, it is recommended to prevent the discharge of treated effluent from the oil and petrochemical industries to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Hamidi
- Environmental Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Pourkhabbaz
- Environmental Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Saeid Khodadoust
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Pourkhabbaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Li S, Zhang Y, Xue H, Zhang Q, Chen N, Wan J, Sun L, Chen Q, Zong Y, Zhuang F, Gu P, Zhang A, Cui F, Tu Y. Integrative effects based on behavior, physiology and gene expression of tritiated water on zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112770. [PMID: 34536793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tritium is a water-soluble hydrogen isotope that releases beta rays during decay. In nature, tritium primarily exists as tritiated water (HTO), and its main source is nuclear power/processing plants. In recent decades, with the development of nuclear power industry, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of tritium on organisms. In this study, fertilized zebrafish embryos are treated with different HTO concentrations (3.7 × 103 Bq/ml, 3.7 × 104 Bq/ml, 3.7 × 105 Bq/ml). After treatment with HTO, the zebrafish embryos developed without evident morphological changes. Nevertheless, the heart rate increased and locomotor activity decreased significantly. In addition, RNA-sequencing shows that HTO can affect gene expressions. The differentially expressed genes are enriched through many physiological processes and intracellular signaling pathways, including cardiac, cardiovascular, and nervous system development and the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Moreover, the concentrations of thyroid hormones in the zebrafish decrease and the expression of thyroid hormone-related genes is disordered after HTO treatment. Our results suggest that exposure to HTO may affect the physiology and behaviors of zebrafish through physiological processes and intracellular signaling pathways and provide a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment of tritium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Ying Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fenghui Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Vitamin C Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Behavioral Impairments Induced by Deltamethrin and Lead Toxicity in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312714. [PMID: 34884514 PMCID: PMC8657856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination from toxic metals and pesticides is an issue of great concern due to their harmful effects to human health and the ecosystems. In this framework, we assessed the adverse effects when aquatic organisms are exposed to toxicants such as deltamethrin (DM) and lead (Pb), alone or in combination, using zebrafish as a model. Moreover, we likewise evaluated the possible protective effect of vitamin C (VC) supplementation against the combined acute toxic effects of the two toxicants. Juvenile zebrafish were exposed to DM (2 μg L-1) and Pb (60 μg L-1) alone and in combination with VC (100 μg L-1) and responses were assessed by quantifying acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation (MDA), some antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and GPx), three-dimension locomotion responses and changes of elements concentrations in the zebrafish body. Our results show that VC has mitigative effects against behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by a mixture of contaminants, demonstrating that it can be used as an effective antioxidant. Moreover, the observations in the study demonstrate zebrafish as a promising in vivo model for assessing the neuroprotective actions of bioactive compounds.
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Archunan S, Athisuyambulingam M, Pradhoshini KP, Yelappu N, Viswambaran G, Kannayiram M, Priyadharshini M, Musthafa MS, Faggio C. Cytopathological and ultrastructural changes in the male reproductive organs of freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun) exposed to nurocombi. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1355-1362. [PMID: 34820937 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of pollutants in the aquatic system has a high impact on the reproductive physiology of crustaceans. The objective of the present study was to assess the possible histopathological effects of combined chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin (nurocombi) exposure on reproductive tissue in male freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii using light and electron microscopy. The testis of experimental crabs showed disorganization of testicular lobules, increased inters cellular space, necrosis, and cellular damage in both germinal cells and Sertoli cells. The treated vas deferens exhibited epithelial degeneration, misshaped spermatophores, decline in the number of spermatophores, and dehiscence of spermatophore wall. These clinical manifestations expressed in crabs following the exposure of nurocombi significantly reduce the testicular activity and substantially inhibits the seminal secretions, which ultimately lead to impairment of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmuganathan Archunan
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Bharathidasan University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), PG & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Narayanaswamy Yelappu
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Bharathidasan University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ganapiriya Viswambaran
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Bharathidasan University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Muthukumaravel Kannayiram
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Khadir Mohideen College, Bharathidasan University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), PG & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), PG & Research Department of Zoology, The New College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina-Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, Messina, Italy
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Sharma R, Jindal R, Faggio C. Impact of cypermethrin in nephrocytes of freshwater fish Catla catla. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103739. [PMID: 34506907 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The kidney of Catla catla, chronically exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.24 μg/L and 0.41 μg/L) of cypermethrin revealed a significant elevation in the activity of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) after 15 days, followed by a decline of up to 45 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) remained elevated throughout the exposure duration. Histology presented proliferated haematopoietic tissue, tubular and glomerular degeneration. The maximum increase in the mean degree of tissue change (DTC) was observed on the 45th day of treatment. Ultra-structure study depicted cytoplasmic vacuolation, fragmented RER, the proliferation of lysosomes, mitochondrial degeneration, and degenerative changes in the epithelial lining of renal tubules. Principal component analysis (PCA) of various biomarkers generated two components PCI (SOD, GST, GSH, LPO and DTC) and PCII (CAT). These findings suggest that long term exposure to cypermethrin can lead to various pathological alterations in the fish kidney which in turn might interfere with normal renal excretory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sharma
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Migliaccio V, Di Gregorio I, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Faggio C, Lionetti L. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) as endocrine disruptors in human and wildlife: A possible implication of mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103684. [PMID: 34052433 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) and its main metabolite 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) act as endocrine disruptors in humans and wildlife. Immunomodulatory functions have also been attributed to both xenobiotics. DDT was banned in the 1970s due to its toxicity, but it is still produced and used for indoor residual spraying with disease vector control purposes. Due to their persistence and lipophilic properties, DDT and DDE can bioaccumulate through the food chain, being stored in organisms' adipose depots. Their endocrine disruptor function is mediated by agonist or antagonist interaction with nuclear receptors. Present review aimed to provide an overview of how DDT and DDE exposure impacts reproductive and immune systems with estrogen-disrupting action in humans and wildlife. Studies showing DDT and DDE impact on mitochondrial function and apoptosis pathway will also be reviewed, suggesting the hypothesis of direct action on mitochondrial steroid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marilena Lepretti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Defo MA, Mercier L, Beauvais C, Brua RB, Tétreault G, Fontaine A, Couture P, Verreault J, Houde M. Time-dependent biological responses of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed in situ to a major urban effluent. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112483. [PMID: 34237640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are significant sources of organic and inorganic pollutants to aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have shown that the health of aquatic organisms can be adversely impacted following exposure to these complex chemical mixtures. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of in situ exposure in the St. Lawrence River (QC, Canada) of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to a major WWTP effluent. Perch were caged at a reference site in the St. Lawrence River and downstream of a WWTP effluent-influenced site for one, three, and six weeks. Fish kept in controlled laboratory setting were also examined at the beginning of the experiment to evaluate the potential effect of caging on fish. Liver metabolites and gill oxidative stress biomarkers as well as body condition of perch were investigated at four time points (zero, one, three, and six weeks). Nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes as well as tissue concentrations of halogenated flame retardants and trace metals were also analyzed. Results indicated that body condition of perch caged in the effluent increased after three and six weeks of exposure compared to that of reference fish. Perch caged at the WWTP effluent-influenced site also had higher muscle δ13C and slightly depleted muscle δ15N after three and six weeks of exposure, suggesting differences in sewage-derived nutrient assimilation between sites. Concentrations of Σ34 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) were 2-fold greater in perch exposed downstream of the WWTP compared to those caged at the reference site. Metal concentrations in kidney of perch after three weeks of exposure were significantly lower at the effluent-influenced site. Kidney concentrations of Cd, Cu, Se, As, Zn and Fe were, however, higher after six weeks of exposure, supporting that metal accumulation is time- and element-specific. The metabolomes of perch from the effluent-influenced and reference sites were similar, but were distinct from the laboratory control fish, suggesting a caging effect on fish. Seven liver metabolites (glucose, malate, fumarate, glutamate, creatinine, histamine, and oxypurinol) were significantly more abundant in perch from cages than in the laboratory control perch. The combination of metabolomics and physiological variables provides a powerful tool to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of action of complex environmental pollutant mixtures in wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel A Defo
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill St, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada.
| | - Laurie Mercier
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill St, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Conrad Beauvais
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill St, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Robert B Brua
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Gerald Tétreault
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Anthony Fontaine
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill St, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
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Sharma R, Jindal R, Faggio C. Cassia fistula ameliorates chronic toxicity of cypermethrin in Catla catla. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109113. [PMID: 34153505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects of Cassia fistula, in Catla catla exposed to synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin were evaluated. Fish, after chronic exposure to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentration 0.41 μg/l of the pesticide were assessed for antioxidant activity, histopathological and ultrastructural alterations. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of antioxidants such as CAT, SOD, GST, GSH was registered, whereas LPO level got elevated. Histological damage depicted necrosis, epithelial hypertrophy, hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae and changes in gill vasculature. Histopathological alteration index was employed for the semi quantitative evaluation of the degree of tissue change (DTC). Transmission electron microscopy displayed swollen and distorted mitochondria, damaged chloride cells and necrosis. Dietary supplementation of Cassia fistula bark extract significantly (p < 0.05) improved the antioxidant activity, reduced lipid peroxidation and prevented histopathological alterations. The findings suggest that sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin is toxic to fish. The study also draws attention towards potential of plant derived antioxidants in mitigating pesticide induced toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Sharma
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
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