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Skejić S, Milić Roje B, Matić F, Arapov J, Francé J, Bužančić M, Bakrač A, Straka M, Ninčević Gladan Ž. Phytoplankton Assemblage over a 14-Year Period in the Adriatic Sea: Patterns and Trends. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:493. [PMID: 39056687 PMCID: PMC11273836 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Considering the role of phytoplankton in the functioning and health of marine systems, it is important to characterize its responses to a changing environment. The central Adriatic Sea, as a generally oligotrophic area, is a suitable environment to distinguish between regular fluctuations in phytoplankton and those caused by anthropogenic or climatic influences. This study provides a long-term perspective of phytoplankton assemblage in the central eastern Adriatic Sea, with 14 years of continuous time series data collected at two coastal and two offshore stations. The predominant phytoplankton groups were diatoms and phytoflagellates, but their proportion varied depending on the vicinity of the coast, as evidenced also by the distribution of chlorophyll a. In the coastal environment, the phytoplankton biomass was substantially higher, with a higher proportion of microphytoplankton, while small phytoplankton accounted for the majority of biomass in the offshore area. In addition, a decreasing trend in diatom abundance was observed in the coastal waters, while such trend was not so evident in the offshore area. Using a neural gas algorithm, five clusters were defined based on the contribution of the major groups. The observed increase in diversity, especially in dinoflagellates, which outnumber diatom taxa, could be a possible adaptation of dinoflagellates to the increased natural solar radiation in summer and the increased sea surface temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Skejić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
| | - Blanka Milić Roje
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
| | - Frano Matić
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jasna Arapov
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
| | - Janja Francé
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Mia Bužančić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
| | - Ana Bakrač
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
| | - Maja Straka
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
| | - Živana Ninčević Gladan
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.S.)
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Sandoval-Belmar M, Smith J, Moreno AR, Anderson C, Kudela RM, Sutula M, Kessouri F, Caron DA, Chavez FP, Bianchi D. A cross-regional examination of patterns and environmental drivers of Pseudo-nitzschia harmful algal blooms along the California coast. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102435. [PMID: 37290883 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia species with the ability to produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) are the main cause of harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the U.S. West Coast, with major impacts on ecosystems, fisheries, and human health. While most Pseudo-nitzschia (PN) HAB studies to date have focused on their characteristics at specific sites, few cross-regional comparisons exist, and mechanistic understanding of large-scale HAB drivers remains incomplete. To close these gaps, we compiled a nearly 20-year time series of in situ particulate DA and environmental observations to characterize similarities and differences in PN HAB drivers along the California coast. We focus on three DA hotspots with the greatest data density: Monterey Bay, the Santa Barbara Channel, and the San Pedro Channel. Coastwise, DA outbreaks are strongly correlated with upwelling, chlorophyll-a, and silicic acid limitation relative to other nutrients. Clear differences also exist across the three regions, with contrasting responses to climate regimes across a north to south gradient. In Monterey Bay, PN HAB frequency and intensity increase under relatively nutrient-poor conditions during anomalously low upwelling intensities. In contrast, in the Santa Barbara and San Pedro Channels, PN HABs are favored under cold, nitrogen-rich conditions during more intense upwelling. These emerging patterns provide insights on ecological drivers of PN HABs that are consistent across regions and support the development of predictive capabilities for DA outbreaks along the California coast and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sandoval-Belmar
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, United States of America.
| | - Jayme Smith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-1437, United States of America
| | - Allison R Moreno
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, United States of America
| | - Clarissa Anderson
- Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Raphael M Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Martha Sutula
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-1437, United States of America
| | - Fayçal Kessouri
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, United States of America; Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-1437, United States of America
| | - David A Caron
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, United States of America
| | - Francisco P Chavez
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, United States of America
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Marguš M, Ahel M, Čanković M, Ljubešić Z, Terzić S, Hodak Kobasić V, Ciglenečki I. Phytoplankton pigment dynamics in marine lake fluctuating between stratified and holomictic euxinic conditions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114931. [PMID: 37075558 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomass dynamics in the marine lake are strongly dependent on seasonal variability in vertical stratification, indicating rapid adaptation of phytoplankton to short-term changes in the water column. A small marine lake (Rogoznica Lake, Croatia), which fluctuates between stably stratified and holomictic euxinic conditions, was used as a model to study the phytoplankton responses to environmental perturbations, in particular the anoxic stress, caused by periodic holomixia. The epilimnion showed significant temporal and vertical variability with a chlorophyll a subsurface maximum with the highest biomass near the chemocline. Fucoxanthin-containing biomass (diatoms) dominated in the epilimnion in colder seasons and was first to recover after holomictic euxinic events. The shift towards the smaller groups prevailed during highly stratified water column conditions in warmer seasons. Results for the hypolimnion were more enigmatic, with high concentrations of alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin indicating the presence of a viable small-size mixotrophic community under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Marguš
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijan Ahel
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Milan Čanković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Ljubešić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senka Terzić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedranka Hodak Kobasić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Ciglenečki
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Tomaš AV, Šantić D, Šolić M, Skejić S, Milinković A, Kušan AC, Gašparović B, Šestanović S, Frka S. How do open coastal fire episodes' impact sea surface microlayer neuston communities? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160593. [PMID: 36470385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of vegetation fires. The Mediterranean region is considered particularly prone to fire episodes in summer. It is well known that pyrogenic particles are an important source of external nutrients for the marine environment, especially in oligotrophic areas. In this study, the plankton components of the sea surface layers were integrated to evaluate, for the first time, their dynamics over six months and their response to fire events in a typical coastal area of the Adriatic Sea. Concentrations of nutrients and organic compounds, together with plankton communities were significantly higher in the sea surface microlayer (SML, < 1 mm thick), than in the underlying water from 1 m depth. The piconeuston community and chlorophyll a responded with extreme abundance and concentration to the most intense fire event that enriched the SML with NH4+. Phytoneuston abundance increased with a delay of 2 weeks, while diversity indices decreased slightly after the fire events. The large abundances of the studied piconeuston parameters could be explained by the high availability of organic compounds and the immediate availability of NH4+, while the phytoneuston community responded to an increased NO3- concentration, triggered by the fire events. We confirmed that fast-acting marine heterotrophs are important members of biogeochemical cycles associated with fire events and that, together with phytoplankton, they are unavoidable parameters to detect environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mladen Šolić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - Sanda Skejić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Milinković A, Penezić A, Kušan AC, Gluščić V, Žužul S, Skejić S, Šantić D, Godec R, Pehnec G, Omanović D, Engel A, Frka S. Variabilities of biochemical properties of the sea surface microlayer: Insights to the atmospheric deposition impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156440. [PMID: 35660618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition (AD) of nutrients and its impact on the sea surface requires consideration of interfacial processes within the sea surface microlayer (SML), the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer of major importance for many global biogeochemical and climate-related processes. This study comprised a comprehensive dataset, including dissolved NO3-, NH4+ and PO43- in ambient aerosol particles, wet deposition and sea surface samples collected from February to July 2019 at a central Adriatic coastal site. The aerosol mean concentration of dissolved nitrogen (DIN = NO3- + NH4+) and PO43- were 48.8 ± 82.8 μmol m-3 and 0.8 ± 0.6 μmol m-3, respectively, while their total fluxes (dry + wet) ranged from 24.2 to 212.3 μmol m-2 d-1 (mean 123.2 ± 53.2 μmol m-2 d-1) and from 1.2 to 2.1 μmol m-2 d-1 (mean 1.5 ± 0.3 μmol m-2 d-1), respectively. Intensive local episodes of open biomass burning (BB) significantly increased aerosol DIN concentrations as well as DIN deposition fluxes, particularly altering the molar DIN/PO43- ratio of atmospheric samples. The DIN temporal patterns showed high variability in the SML (range 0.2-24.6 μmol L-1, mean 5.0 ± 7.1 μmol L-1) in contrast to the underlying water samples (range 0.5-4.2 μmol L-1, mean 1.9 ± 1.2 μmol L-1), with significant increases during BB periods. Variability in abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophs in the SML along with concentrations of bulk dissolved and particulate organic carbon as well as dissolved and particulate lipids and carbohydrates, gel particles and surfactants followed DIN enhancements with a two-week delay. This study showed that AD can affect the short-term scale enrichments of organic matter in the SML, especially when accompanied by BB emissions typical of the overall Mediterranean coastal environment. This could have strong implications for global air-sea exchange processes, including those of climate relevant gases, mediated by the SML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abra Penezić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Gluščić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Skejić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ranka Godec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Omanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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