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Luo X, Jiang JH, Liu SL, Gao JY, Zhou LW. Metabolomics analysis of rice fermented by medicinal fungi providing insights into the preparation of functional food. Food Chem 2024; 459:140372. [PMID: 38986207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice, a primary staple food, may be improved in value via fermentation. Here, ten medicinal basidiomycetous fungi were separately applied for rice fermentation. After preliminary screening, Ganoderma boninense, Phylloporia pulla, Sanghuangporus sanghuang and Sanghuangporus weigelae were selected for further LC-MS based determination of the changes in metabolic profile after their fermentation with rice, and a total of 261, 296, 312, and 355 differential compounds were identified, respectively. Most of these compounds were up-regulated and involved in the metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Sanghuangporus weigelae endowed the rice with the highest nutritional and bioactive values. The metabolic network of the identified differential compounds in rice fermented by S. weigelae illustrated their close relationships. In summary, this study provides insights into the preparation and application of potential functional food via the fermentation of rice with medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Hang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shi-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Wang X, Wei J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yuan X, Wang D, Niu J, Yang Y, Zhou J. Comparative genomic analysis of Sanghuangporus sanghuang with other Hymenochaetaceae species. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:87-100. [PMID: 38099978 PMCID: PMC10920484 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a medicinal macrofungus with antioxidant and antitumor activities, and it is enriched with secondary metabolites such as polysaccharides, terpenes, polyphenols, and styrylpyrone compounds. To explore the putative core genes and gene clusters involved in sanghuang biosynthesis, we sequenced and assembled a 40.5-Mb genome of S. sanghuang (SH1 strain). Using antiSMASH, local BLAST, and NCBI comparison, 12 terpene synthases (TPSs), 1 non-ribosomal peptide synthase, and five polyketide synthases (PKSs) were identified in SH1. Combining the transcriptome analysis with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of flight analysis, we determined that ShPKS1, one phenylalanine aminolyase (ShPAL), and one P450 monooxygenase (ShC4H1) were associated with hispidin biosynthesis. Structural domain comparison indicated that ShPKS2 and ShPKS3 are involved in the biosynthesis of orsellinic acid and 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, respectively. Furthermore, comparative genomic analysis of SH1 with 14 other fungi from the Hymenochaetaceae family showed variation in the number of TPSs among different genomes, with Coniferiporia weirii exhibiting only 9 TPSs and Inonotus obliquus having 20. The number of TPSs also differed among the genomes of three strains of S. sanghuang, namely Kangneng (16), MS2 (9), and SH1 (12). The type and number of PKSs also varied among species and even strains, ranging from two PKSs in Pyrrhoderma noxium to five PKSs in S. sanghuang SH1. Among the three strains of S. sanghuang, both the structural domains and the number of PKSs in strains MS2 and SH1 were consistent, whereas strain Kangneng exhibited only four PKSs and lacked the PKS with the structural domain KS-AT-DH-KR-ACP. Additionally, Sanghuangporus species exhibited more similar PKSs to Inonotus, with higher gene similarity around five PKSs, while showing differences from those of other fungi in the same family, including Phellinus lamaoensis. This result supports the independent taxonomic significance of the genus Sanghuangporus to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong New City, Kunming, 650500, China
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jiansheng Wei
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
- Haba Snow Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau, Diqing, 674402, China
| | - Zhenwen Liu
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yuan
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Junmei Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong New City, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong New City, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Jin C, Ma JX, Wang H, Tang LX, Ye YF, Li X, Si J. First genome assembly and annotation of Sanghuangporus weigelae uncovers its medicinal functions, metabolic pathways, and evolution. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1325418. [PMID: 38264724 PMCID: PMC10803629 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1325418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporus, also known as "Sanghuang" in China, is a well-known genus of traditional Chinese medicinal macrofungi. To make more effective use of Sanghuangporus resources, we completed the first genome assembly and annotation of a monokaryon strain of S. weigelae in the present study. A 33.96-Mb genome sequence was assembled as 13 contigs, leading to prediction of 9377 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity analyses indicated that the S. weigelae genome is closely related to those of other Sanghuangporus species in evolutionary tree, which clustered in one clade. Collinearity analysis revealed a high level of collinearity of S. weigelae with S. baumii, S. vaninii, and S. sanghuang. Biosynthesis pathways potentially involved in medicinal properties, including terpenoid and polysaccharide synthesis, were identified in S. weigelae, while polysaccharides were identified as the main medicinal metabolites in S. weigelae, with flavonoids more important in Sanghuangporus than other medicinal mushroom groups. Genes encoding 332 carbohydrate-active enzymes were identified in the S. weigelae genome, including major glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases predicted, revealing the robust lignocellulose degradation capacity of S. weigelae. Further, 130 genes, clustered in seven classes were annotated to encode cytochromes P450 in the S. weigelae genome. Overall, our results reveal the remarkably medicinal capacity of S. weigelae and provide new insights that will inform the study of evolution and medicinal application of S. weigelae. The data are a reference resource for the formulation of scientific and rational ecological protection policies for Sanghuangporus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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