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Győrffy B. Integrated analysis of public datasets for the discovery and validation of survival-associated genes in solid tumors. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100625. [PMID: 38706955 PMCID: PMC11066458 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes with prognostic significance that can act as biomarkers in solid tumors can help stratify patients and uncover novel therapy targets. Here, our goal was to expand our previous ranking analysis of survival-associated genes in various solid tumors to include colon cancer specimens with available transcriptomic and clinical data. A Gene Expression Omnibus search was performed to identify available datasets with clinical data and raw gene expression measurements. A combined database was set up and integrated into our Kaplan-Meier plotter, making it possible to identify genes with expression changes linked to altered survival. As a demonstration of the utility of the platform, the most powerful genes linked to overall survival in colon cancer were identified using uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The combined colon cancer database includes 2,137 tumor samples from 17 independent cohorts. The most significant genes associated with relapse-free survival with a false discovery rate below 1% in colon cancer carcinoma were RBPMS (hazard rate [HR] = 2.52), TIMP1 (HR = 2.44), and COL4A2 (HR = 2.36). The three strongest genes associated with shorter survival in stage II colon cancer include CSF1R (HR = 2.86), FLNA (HR = 2.88), and TPBG (HR = 2.65). In summary, a new integrated database for colon cancer is presented. A colon cancer analysis subsystem was integrated into our Kaplan-Meier plotter that can be used to mine the entire database (https://www.kmplot.com). The portal has the potential to be employed for the identification and prioritization of promising biomarkers and therapeutic target candidates in multiple solid tumors including, among others, breast, lung, ovarian, gastric, pancreatic, and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Caldas ÁMC, Nunes WA, Taboada R, Cesca MG, Germano JN, Riechelmann RP. Loss of CDX2 and high COX2 ( PTGS2) expression in metastatic colorectal cancer. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1666. [PMID: 38439814 PMCID: PMC10911677 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lack of expression of the tumour suppressor gene caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) associates with poor outcomes in early stage colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet its prognostic value in the context of other prognostic biomarkers in metastatic CRC (mCRC) is unknown. Overexpressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) has been reported in advanced CRC. However, CDX2 and COX2 relationship in mCRC remains undetermined. We aimed to assess their expression in mCRC tumours from a clinically characterised cohort and their influence on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in first line. Among 720 consecutive mCRC patients, 346 had tumour samples appropriate for tissue microarray assembly and immunohistochemistry analyses. Clinical and survival data were retrospectively assessed. Loss of CDX2 expression was detected in 27 (7.8%) samples, enriched in poorly differentiated tumours (20%; p < 0.01) and in those with the BRAF p.V600E variant (40%; p < 0.01). Most tumours (93.4%) expressed COX2. COX2-negative samples were enriched in poorly differentiated mCRC. In unadjusted analyses, median OS (p < 0.001) and median PFS (p < 0.05) were inferior for patients with CDX2-negative versus CDX2-positive tumours. In conclusion, loss of CDX2 was significantly associated with poorly differentiated mCRC and BRAF p.V600E allele and a prognostic marker of worse OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro M C Caldas
- Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Warley A Nunes
- Department of Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Taboada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelle G Cesca
- Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Janaína N Germano
- Statistic Group at the International Research Center (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel P Riechelmann
- Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
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3
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Bagheri R, Ghorbian M, Ghorbian S. Tumor circulating biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 38:100787. [PMID: 38194840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
CRC is a major global health concern and is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths each year. The successful treatment of CRC becomes more difficult when it goes undetected until it has advanced to a later stage. Diagnostic biomarkers can play a critical role in the early detection of CRC, which leads to improved patient outcomes and increased survival rates. It is important to develop reliable biomarkers for the early detection of CRC to enable timely diagnosis and treatment. To date, CRC detection methods such as endoscopy, blood, and stool tests are imperfect and often only identify cases in the later stages of the disease. To overcome these limitations, researchers are turning to molecular biomarkers as a promising avenue for improving CRC detection. Diagnostic information can be provided more reliably through a noninvasive approach using biomarkers such as mRNA, circulating cell-free DNA, micro-RNA, long non-coding RNA, and proteins. These biomarkers can be found in blood, tissue, feces, and volatile organic compounds. The identification of molecular biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC that are safe, cost-effective, and easily measurable remains a significant challenge for researchers. In this article, we will explore the latest advancements in blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for CRC and their potential impact on improving patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Bagheri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghorbian
- Department of Computer Engineering, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
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4
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Mohseni N, Ghaniee Zarich M, Afshar S, Hosseini M. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with Genetic Algorithm-Based Gene Selection. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:937-950. [PMID: 36534304 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional treatment for patients with locally advanced colorectal tumors is preoperative chemo-radiotherapy (PCRT) preceding surgery. This treatment strategy has some long-term side effects, and some patients do not respond to it. Therefore, an evaluation of biomarkers that may help predict patients' response to PCRT is essential. METHODS We took advantage of genetic algorithm to search the space of possible combinations of features to choose subsets of genes that would yield convenient performance in differentiating PCRT responders from non-responders using a logistic regression model as our classifier. RESULTS We developed two gene signatures; first, to achieve the maximum prediction accuracy, the algorithm yielded 39 genes, and then, aiming to reduce the feature numbers as much as possible (while maintaining acceptable performance), a 5-gene signature was chosen. The performance of the two gene signatures was (accuracy = 0.97 and 0.81, sensitivity = 0.96 and 0.83, and specificity = 86 and 0.77) using a logistic regression classifier. Through analyzing bias and variance decomposition of the model error, we further investigated the involved genes by discovering and validating another 28-gene signature which possibly points towards two different sub-systems involved in the response of the patients to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Using genetic algorithm as our gene selection method, we have identified two groups of genes that can differentiate PCRT responders from non-responders in patients of the studied dataset with considerable performance. IMPACT After passing standard requirements, our gene signatures may be applicable as a robust and effective PCRT response prediction tool for colorectal cancer patients in clinical settings and may also help future studies aiming to further investigate involved pathways gain a clearer picture for the course of their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mohseni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Skåne, Sweden
| | | | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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5
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Liao L, Gao Y, Su J, Feng Y. By characterizing metabolic and immune microenvironment reveal potential prognostic markers in the development of colorectal cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:822835. [PMID: 35992347 PMCID: PMC9390973 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.822835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world and survival rates vary significantly between early and advanced stage patients. Therefore, the identification of the pathogenesis in the development of COAD and prognostic markers is urgently demanded. Herein, we collected RNA-seq and somatic mutation data of COAD for statistical analysis. Clinical stage-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and tumor development-dependent DEGs were identified. By characterizing the metabolic and immune features of COAD between stages, we found that the energy supply and inflammatory response of advanced tumors were suppressed. Next, the ETS1, AR, GATA1, GATA2, SREBF1, FOXP3, STAT4, and NFKB1 were identified to drive the metabolic and immune-related pathways in the development of COAD. The three potential prognostic markers (HOXC8, IRF7, and CXCL13) were identified based on Cox regression analysis. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis revealed that the resting CD4+ T cell was significantly related to the overall survival (OS) of COAD patients. Collectively, the specific metabolic and immune characteristics of advanced patients and the identified prognostic biomarkers will contribute to the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Su
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Feng
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Feng,
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Qiu C, Shi W, Wu H, Zou S, Li J, Wang D, Liu G, Song Z, Xu X, Hu J, Geng H. Identification of Molecular Subtypes and a Prognostic Signature Based on Inflammation-Related Genes in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 12:769685. [PMID: 35003085 PMCID: PMC8733947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both tumour-infiltrating immune cells and inflammation-related genes that can mediate immune infiltration contribute to the initiation and prognosis of patients with colon cancer. In this study, we developed a method to predict the survival outcomes among colon cancer patients and direct immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We obtained patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and captured inflammation-related genes from the GeneCards database. The package “ConsensusClusterPlus” was used to generate molecular subtypes based on inflammation-related genes obtained by differential expression analysis and univariate Cox analysis. A prognostic signature including four genes (PLCG2, TIMP1, BDNF and IL13) was also constructed and was an independent prognostic factor. Cluster 2 and higher risk scores meant worse overall survival and higher expression of human leukocyte antigen and immune checkpoints. Immune cell infiltration calculated by the estimate, CIBERSORT, TIMER, ssGSEA algorithms, tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), and tumour stemness indices (TSIs) were also compared on the basis of inflammation-related molecular subtypes and the risk signature. In addition, analyses of stratification, somatic mutation, nomogram construction, chemotherapeutic response prediction and small-molecule drug prediction were performed based on the risk signature. We finally used qRT–PCR to detect the expression levels of four genes in colon cancer cell lines and obtained results consistent with the prediction. Our findings demonstrated a four-gene prognostic signature that could be useful for prognostication in colon cancer patients and designing personalized treatments, which could provide new versions of personalized management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Shi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenshan Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhenbiao Song
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Xintao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
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7
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Imyanitov E, Kuligina E. Molecular testing for colorectal cancer: Clinical applications. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1288-1301. [PMID: 34721767 PMCID: PMC8529925 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic analysis is an integral part of colorectal cancer (CRC) management. The choice of systemic therapy for CRC is largely based on the results of tumor molecular testing. Evaluation of the KRAS and NRAS gene status is mandatory for consideration of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. Tumors with the BRAF V600E substitution are characterized by aggressive behaviour, may require intensified cytotoxic regimens and benefit from combined BRAF and EGFR inhibition. The inactivation of DNA mismatch repair (MMR), or MUTYH gene, or DNA polymerase epsilon results in excessive tumor mutational burden; these CRCs are highly antigenic and therefore sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some CRCs are characterized by overexpression of the HER2 oncogene and respond to the appropriate targeted therapy. There are CRCs with clinical signs of hereditary predisposition to this disease, which require germline genetic testing. Liquid biopsy is an emerging technology that has the potential to assist CRC screening, control the efficacy of surgical intervention and guide disease monitoring. The landscape of CRC molecular diagnosis is currently undergoing profound changes due to the increasing use of next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 191015, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
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8
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Abstract
The mutational landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) does not enable predictions to be made about the survival of patients or their response to therapy. Instead, studying the polarization and activation profiles of immune cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment has been shown to be more informative, thus making CRC a prototypical example of the importance of an inflammatory microenvironment for tumorigenesis. Here, we review our current understanding of how colon cancer cells interact with their microenvironment, comprised of immune cells, stromal cells and the intestinal microbiome, to suppress or escape immune responses and how inflammatory processes shape the immune pathogenesis of CRC.
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9
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Ni X, Feng Y, Fu X. Role of salt‑inducible kinase 2 in the malignant behavior and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:822. [PMID: 34558647 PMCID: PMC8485122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Currently, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the conventional approaches used to treat CRC. However, these therapy strategies cause several side effects. The present study aimed to develop an alternative and more effective treatment approach for patients with CRC. It has been reported that salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) acts as an oncogene. Therefore, in the present study, the expression levels of SIK2 were determined in CRC cells using western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, SIK2 was knocked down in CRC cells to evaluate its role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis using Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, Transwell assays and glycolysis cell-based assay kit, respectively. Additionally, the target genes of SIK2 were identified using bioinformatics analysis, while SIK2 overexpression experiments were carried out to determine whether SIK2 could regulate CRC cell malignant behavior and glycolysis. The results revealed that SIK2 was upregulated in CRC cells. Furthermore, SIK2 knockdown attenuated CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that SIK2 could interact with tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28), while TRIM28 overexpression could reverse the effects of SIK2 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis. This finding indicated that the aforementioned effects of SIK2 were mediated by regulating TRIM28. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that SIK2 may be involved in CRC carcinogenesis and glycolysis by regulating TRIM28 expression. These findings could provide a novel approach to targeted therapy and clinical diagnosis of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yancheng Dafeng People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224100, P.R. China
| | - Yongjiang Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yancheng Dafeng People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570105, P.R. China
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Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Candido S, Bonavida B, Libra M. YY1 Silencing Induces 5-Fluorouracil-Resistance and BCL2L15 Downregulation in Colorectal Cancer Cells: Diagnostic and Prognostic Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8481. [PMID: 34445183 PMCID: PMC8395225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel predictive markers. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor playing a dual role in cancer. The present study aimed to investigate whether YY1 expression levels influence CRC cell response to therapy and to identify the transcriptional targets involved. The diagnostic and prognostic values of YY1 and the identified factor(s) in CRC patients were also explored. Silencing of YY1 increased the resistance to 5-Fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity in two out of four CRC cells with different genotypes. BCL2L15/Bfk pro-apoptotic factor was found selectively expressed in the responder CRC cells and downregulated upon YY1 knockdown. CRC dataset analyses corroborated a tumor-suppressive role for both YY1 and BCL2L15 whose expressions were inversely correlated with aggressiveness. CRC single-cell sequencing dataset analyses demonstrated higher co-expression levels of both YY1 and BCL2L15 within defined tumor cell clusters. Finally, elevated levels of YY1 and BCL2L15 in CRC patients were associated with larger relapse-free survival. Given their observed anti-cancer role, we propose YY1 and BCL2L15 as candidate diagnostic and prognostic CRC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.)
- Research Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.)
- Research Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Beklen H, Yildirim E, Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Systems-level biomarkers identification and drug repositioning in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Beklen H, Yildirim E, Kori M, Turanli B, Arga KY. Systems-level biomarkers identification and drug repositioning in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:638-661. [PMID: 34322194 PMCID: PMC8299930 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i7.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed fatal cancer in both women and men worldwide. CRC ranked second in mortality and third in incidence in 2020. It is difficult to diagnose CRC at an early stage as there are no clinical symptoms. Despite advances in molecular biology, only a limited number of biomarkers have been translated into routine clinical practice to predict risk, prognosis and response to treatment. In the last decades, systems biology approaches at the omics level have gained importance. Over the years, several biomarkers for CRC have been discovered in terms of disease diagnosis and prognosis. On the other hand, a few drugs are being developed and used in clinics for the treatment of CRC. However, the development of new drugs is very costly and time-consuming as the research and development takes about 10 years and more than $1 billion. Therefore, drug repositioning (DR) could save time and money by establishing new indications for existing drugs. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC from the systems biology perspective and insights into DR approaches for the prevention or treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Beklen
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Esra Yildirim
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Beste Turanli
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
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Piat M, Wainwright M, Sofouli E, Vachon B, Deslauriers T, Préfontaine C, Frati F. Factors influencing the implementation of mental health recovery into services: a systematic mixed studies review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:134. [PMID: 33952336 PMCID: PMC8101029 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Countries around the world have committed in policy to transforming their mental health services towards a recovery orientation. How has mental health recovery been implemented into services for adults, and what factors influence the implementation of recovery-oriented services? METHODS This systematic mixed studies review followed a convergent qualitative synthesis design and used the best-fit framework synthesis method. Librarians ran searches in Ovid- MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Ovid-PsycInfo, EBSCO-CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion or exclusion using DistillerSR. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods peer-reviewed studies published since 1998 were included if they reported a new effort to transform adult mental health services towards a recovery orientation, and reported findings related to implementation experience, process, or factors. Data was extracted in NVivo12 to the 38 constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The synthesis included a within-case and a cross-case thematic analysis of data coded to each CFIR construct. Cases were types of recovery-oriented innovations. RESULTS Seventy studies met our inclusion criteria. These were grouped into seven types of recovery-oriented innovations (cases) for within-case and cross-case synthesis. Themes illustrating common implementation factors across innovations are presented by CFIR domain: Intervention Characteristics (flexibility, relationship building, lived experience); Inner Setting (traditional biomedical vs. recovery-oriented approach, the importance of organizational and policy commitment to recovery-transformation, staff turnover, lack of resources to support personal recovery goals, information gaps about new roles and procedures, interpersonal relationships), Characteristics of Individuals (variability in knowledge about recovery, characteristics of recovery-oriented service providers); Process (the importance of planning, early and continuous engagement with stakeholders). Very little data from included studies was extracted to the outer setting domain, and therefore, we present only some initial observations and note that further research on outer setting implementation factors is needed. CONCLUSION The CFIR required some adaptation for use as an implementation framework in this review. The common implementation factors presented are an important starting point for stakeholders to consider when implementing recovery-oriented services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Piat
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875, boul. LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada. .,McGill University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Megan Wainwright
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875, boul. LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, Canada
| | - Eleni Sofouli
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875, boul. LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Vachon
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Tania Deslauriers
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, 7077 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Cassandra Préfontaine
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Francesca Frati
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, 809, Sherbrooke W, Montreal, Québec, H3A 0C9, Canada
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14
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Hu F, Li M, Mo L, Xiao Y, Wang X, Xie B. SOX-17 is involved in invasion and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through regulating miR-302b-3p expression. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1296-1305. [PMID: 33739578 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently still very poor, which suggests that the biological mechanisms of CRC oncogenesis are not fully understood. This study was conducted to explore the regulatory effect of SOX-17 on the expression of microRNA (miR)-302b-3p, and the involvement of SOX-17 in the invasion and apoptosis of CRC cells. The expression of SOX-17 and miR-302a,b,c,d-3p in colorectal cancer and normal colon epithelial cell lines was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and/or western blot. The regulatory effects of SOX-17 on miR-302b-3p gene in HT29 and LoVo cells were tested using the ChiP assay. The biological activities of SOX-17 and miR-302b-3p were evaluated by invasion and apoptosis assay. Results showed that transfection of SOX-17 small interfering RNA (siSOX-17) significantly increased, whereas transfection of SOX-17 overexpression vector (oeSOX-17) significantly decreased, miR-302b expression in HT29 and LoVo cells. Cotransfection of oeSOX-17 and miR-302b-3p inhibitor (INmiR-302b) significantly blocked the effects of SOX-17 in HT29 and LoVo cells. ChIP experiments showed that SOX-17 bonded to the miR-302b-3p promoter in HT29 and LoVo cells. Transfection of oeSOX-17 and miR-302b-3p mimics (MImiR-302b) significantly decreased, whereas transfection of siSOX-17 and INmiR-302b significantly increased, the invasion of HT29 and LoVo cells. In contrast, transfection of oeSOX-17 and MImiR-302b significantly increased, while transfection of siSOX-17 and INmiR-302b significantly decreased, apoptosis in HT29 and LoVo cells. Cotransfection of oeSOX-17 and INmiR-302b significantly blocked the effects of oeSOX-17 on cell invasion and apoptosis in HT29 and LoVo cells. These results suggested that SOX-17 can bind to the promoter of miR-302b-3p gene to regulate its expression, while both SOX-17 and miR-302b regulate the invasion and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- Department One of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department One of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Mo
- Department One of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You Xiao
- Department One of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department One of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Xie
- Department One of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Predictors of outcome in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: the final results of a prospective phase II study of bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine as first-line treatment. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:518-522. [PMID: 31922963 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, we demonstrated that bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine as first-line treatment is effective in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We present the final results of the study with data on tumor molecular biology, sidedness and postprogression therapy. Forty patients with mCRC aged ≥70 years, initially treated with bevacizumab and capecitabine, were followed from the start of the treatment of metastatic disease to death. Tumor tissue samples were retrospectively analyzed for RAS, BRAF and microsatellite status. After a median follow-up time of 20.5 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.8 and 20.5 months, respectively and the objective response rate (ORR) was 65%. Twelve patients had mutation in RAS and four patients in BRAF gene, which coexisted with MSI in two cases. Patients with the right-sided tumor had apparently, but not statistically significantly lower PFS (8.6 vs. 13 months, P = 0.14) and statistically significantly lower OS (13 vs. 23.1 months, P = 0.046). Twelve patients with one or more postprogression therapy lines had significantly better ORR (12/12 = 100% vs. 14/28 = 50%, P = 0.003), median PFS (17.2 vs. 8.5 months, P < 0.001) and median OS (42 vs. 13 months, P < 0.001) than patients who received just first-line study treatment. Elderly patients with mCRC responded favorably to bevacizumab and capecitabine, especially the subgroup with the left-sided primary tumor. In the further subset of this group, characterized by RAS/BRAF wild-type and MSS tumors, the application of postprogression therapies was feasible and resulted in significant prolongation of survival.
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16
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Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2407-2428. [PMID: 33666711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with one of the highest rates of mortality among cancers worldwide. The early detection and management of CRC is imperative. Biomarkers play an important role in CRC screening tests, CRC treatment, and prognosis and clinical management; thus rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers is helpful for early detection of CRC. In recent years, electrochemical biosensors for detecting CRC biomarkers have been widely investigated. In this review, different electrochemical detection methods for CRC biomarkers including immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors are summarized. Further, representative examples are provided that demonstrate the advantages of electrochemical sensors modified by various nanomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects of biomarkers and electrochemical sensors in detection are also discussed. Graphical abstract.
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17
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Biomarker alterations associated with distinct patterns of metastatic spread in colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:695-705. [PMID: 33300106 PMCID: PMC7990752 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic spread is the most important life-threatening feature of colorectal cancer and is supposed to be mainly driven by alterations in different carcinogenic pathways. The present study compared mutation and expression profiles of distinctive biomarkers in colorectal cancer patients with different clinical metastatic patterns. As for a case-control study, patients were matched according to T category, grading and primary tumour site. Overall, 246 patients with either exclusive lung metastasis (N = 82), exclusive liver metastasis (N = 82) or non-metastatic colorectal cancer (N = 82) were identified. Paraffin-embedded specimens were examined for mutations in the RAS and RAF genes and for the expression of β-catenin and CD133. Clinical endpoints were presence or absence of distant metastasis, formation of metastasis in lungs versus the liver and survival. MAPK pathway mutations in either the KRAS, NRAS or BRAF gene were associated with the development of lung metastasis (63.4%) compared to the control group (47.6%; p = 0.04). MAPK pathway alterations plus high β-catenin expression were associated with metastasis to the lungs but not to the liver (28.0% vs. 13.4%; p = 0.02). High CD133 expression correlated with the development of liver metastasis compared to the control group (30.5% vs. 14.6%; p = 0.02). This data indicates that different patterns of distant spread are associated with specific biomarker alterations and may represent different molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. However, underlying mechanisms of metastasis formation in different anatomic sites remains unclear. Since knowledge of the anticipated site of distant spread would substantially impact clinical management, further research is needed to identify solid biomarkers for different metastatic patterns.
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18
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Berkovic MC, Cigrovski V, Bilic-Curcic I, Mrzljak A. What is the gut feeling telling us about physical activity in colorectal carcinogenesis? World J Clin Cases 2020. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i23.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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19
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Berkovic MC, Cigrovski V, Bilic-Curcic I, Mrzljak A. What is the gut feeling telling us about physical activity in colorectal carcinogenesis? World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:5844-5851. [PMID: 33344583 PMCID: PMC7723696 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i23.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, more efforts are focused on the prevention and treatment of malignant diseases, given the increase in all cancers incidence A lifestyle change, including healthy eating habits and regular physical activity, has significantly impacted colorectal cancer prevention. The effect of dose-dependent physical activity on mortality and recurrence rates of colorectal carcinoma has been unequivocally demonstrated in observational studies. However, clear recommendations are not available on the frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise in patients with colorectal cancer due to the lack of evidence in randomized clinical trials. Regarding pathophysiological mechanisms, the most plausible explanation appears to be the influence of physical activity on reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance with a consequent positive effect on insulin growth factor 1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Cigrovski Berkovic
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Ines Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, J J Strossmayer University Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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20
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Kim HY, Um SH, Sung Y, Shim MK, Yang S, Park J, Kim ES, Kim K, Kwon IC, Ryu JH. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-based activatable probe for predicting therapeutic outcome of an EGF-based doxorubicin prodrug. J Control Release 2020; 328:222-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Ogunwobi OO, Mahmood F, Akingboye A. Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Current Research and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5311. [PMID: 32726923 PMCID: PMC7432436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide, despite progress made in detection and management through surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Novel therapeutic agents have improved survival in both the adjuvant and advanced disease settings, albeit with an increased risk of toxicity and cost. However, metastatic disease continues to have a poor long-term prognosis and significant challenges remain due to late stage diagnosis and treatment failure. Biomarkers are a key tool in early detection, prognostication, survival, and predicting treatment response. The past three decades have seen advances in genomics and molecular pathology of cancer biomarkers, allowing for greater individualization of therapy with a positive impact on survival outcomes. Clinically useful predictive biomarkers aid clinical decision making, such as the presence of KRAS gene mutations predicting benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibiting antibodies. However, few biomarkers have been translated into clinical practice highlighting the need for further investigation. We review a range of protein, DNA and RNA-based biomarkers under investigation for diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic properties for CRC. In particular, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), have been investigated as biomarkers in a range of cancers including colorectal cancer. Specifically, we evaluate the potential role of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), an oncogene, as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarker in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fahad Mahmood
- The Dudley Group Hospitals, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, West Midlands DY1 2HQ, UK;
| | - Akinfemi Akingboye
- The Dudley Group Hospitals, Russells Hall Hospital, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, West Midlands DY1 2HQ, UK;
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22
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Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) in metastatic colorectal cancer - personalized medicine decision. Radiol Oncol 2020; 54:272-277. [PMID: 32463385 PMCID: PMC7409603 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world. Metastatic disease is still incurable in most of these patients, but the survival rate has improved by treatment with novel systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapy in combination with surgery. New knowledge of its complex heterogeneity in terms of genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics and microenvironment, including prognostic and clinical characteristics, led to its classification into various molecular subtypes of metastatic CRC, called consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). The CMS classification thus enables the medical oncologists to adjust the treatment from case to case. They can determine which type of systemic chemotherapy or targeted therapy is best suited to a specific patient, what dosages are needed and in what order. Conclusions CMS in metastatic CRC are the new tool to include the knowledge of molecular factors, tumour stroma and signalling pathways for personalized, patient-orientated systemic treatment in precision medicine.
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23
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Pham TD, Fan C, Pfeifer D, Zhang H, Sun XF. Image-Based Network Analysis of DNp73 Expression by Immunohistochemistry in Rectal Cancer Patients. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1551. [PMID: 31969833 PMCID: PMC6960186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rectal cancer is a disease characterized with tumor heterogeneity. The combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy can reduce the risk of local recurrence. However, there is a significant difference in the response to radiotherapy among rectal cancer patients even they have the same tumor stage. Despite rapid advances in knowledge of cellular functions affecting radiosensitivity, there is still a lack of predictive factors for local recurrence and normal tissue damage. The tumor protein DNp73 is thought as a biomarker in colorectal cancer, but its clinical significance is still not sufficiently investigated, mainly due to the limitation of human-based pathology analysis. In this study, we investigated the predictive value of DNp73 in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma using image-based network analysis. Methods: The fuzzy weighted recurrence network of time series was extended to handle multi-channel image data, and applied to the analysis of immunohistochemistry images of DNp73 expression obtained from a cohort of 25 rectal cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy before surgery. Two mathematical weighted network properties, which are the clustering coefficient and characteristic path length, were computed for the image-based networks of the primary tumor (obtained after operation) and biopsy (obtained before operation) of each cancer patient. Results: The ratios of two weighted recurrence network properties of the primary tumors to biopsies reveal the correlation of DNp73 expression and long survival time, and discover the non-effective radiotherapy to a cohort of rectal cancer patients who had short survival time. Conclusion: Our work contributes to the elucidation of the predictive value of DNp73 expression in rectal cancer patients who were given preoperative radiotherapy. Mathematical properties of fuzzy weighted recurrence networks of immunohistochemistry images are not only able to show the predictive factor of DNp73 expression in the patients, but also reveal the identification of non-effective application of radiotherapy to those who had poor overall survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan D Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,The Center for Artificial Intelligence, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniella Pfeifer
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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24
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Lee HW, Son E, Lee K, Lee Y, Kim Y, Lee JC, Lim Y, Hur M, Kim D, Nam DH. Promising Therapeutic Efficacy of GC1118, an Anti-EGFR Antibody, against KRAS Mutation-Driven Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235894. [PMID: 31771279 PMCID: PMC6928876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab and panitumumab, are used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, this treatment is only effective for a small subset of mCRC patients positive for the wild-type KRAS GTPase. GC1118 is a novel, fully humanized anti-EGFR IgG1 antibody that displays potent inhibitory effects on high-affinity EGFR ligand-induced signaling and enhanced antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. In this study, using 51 CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), we showed that KRAS mutants expressed remarkably elevated autocrine levels of high-affinity EGFR ligands compared with wild-type KRAS. In three KRAS-mutant CRCPDXs, GC1118 was more effective than cetuximab, whereas the two agents demonstrated comparable efficacy against three wild-type KRAS PDXs. Persistent phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling was thought to underlie resistance to GC1118. In support of these findings, a preliminary improved anti-cancer response was observed in a CRC PDX harboring mutated KRAS with intrinsically high AKT activity using GC1118 combined with the dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AKT inhibitor BEZ-235, without observed toxicity. Taken together, the superior antitumor efficacy of GC1118 alone or in combination with PI3K/mTOR/AKT inhibitors shows great therapeutic potential for the treatment of KRAS-mutant mCRC with elevated ratios of high- to low-affinity EGFR ligands and PI3K-AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, Korea;
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16149, Korea
| | - Eunju Son
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.S.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kyoungmin Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.S.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yeri Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.S.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.S.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Translational Research 1 Team, MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin 16924, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Yangmi Lim
- Translational Research 1 Team, MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin 16924, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Minkyu Hur
- Translational Research 1 Team, MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Yongin 16924, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Donggeon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.S.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (D.-H.N.); Tel.: +82-02-2148-7723 (D.K.); +82-02-3410-3497 (D.-H.N.)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (E.S.); (K.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06531, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (D.-H.N.); Tel.: +82-02-2148-7723 (D.K.); +82-02-3410-3497 (D.-H.N.)
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25
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Labriet A, Lévesque É, De Mattia E, Cecchin E, Jonker D, Couture F, Simonyan D, Buonadonna A, D'Andrea M, Villeneuve L, Toffoli G, Guillemette C. Combination of germline variations associated with survival of folinic acid, fluorouracil and irinotecan-treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1179-1187. [PMID: 31698983 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Germline variants could modify survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC). Patients & methods: The association of 285 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 11 candidate genes and overall survival (OS) was tested in two cohorts totalizing 417 FOLFIRI-treated mCRC. Gene expression was investigated in vitro and in public datasets. Results: In the combined cohort, CES1 rs9921399T>C was associated with prolonged OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.40) whereas ABCC1 rs17501011G>A (HR = 2.08) and UGT1 rs1113193G>A (HR = 2.12) were associated with shorter OS (p ≤ 0.005). A combined effect of these polymorphisms was observed with HR of 1.98-2.97 (p < 0.05). The ABCC1 rs17501011A variant reduced reporter-gene activity (p < 0.05) whereas ABCC1 tumor expression was associated with shorter survival (p ≤ 0.013). Conclusion: We identified a combination of genetic determinants that could predict mCRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Labriet
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Lévesque
- CHU de Québec Research Center & Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico' - National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico' - National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Derek Jonker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Félix Couture
- CHU de Québec Research Center & Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Clinical & Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico'- National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Mario D'Andrea
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'San Filippo Neri Hospital', Via Giovanni Martinotti, 20, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico' - National Cancer Institute, via Franco Gallini n. 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec) Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Jahanafrooz Z, Mosafer J, Akbari M, Hashemzaei M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. Colon cancer therapy by focusing on colon cancer stem cells and their tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4153-4166. [PMID: 31647128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many advances and optimization in colon cancer treatment, tumor recurrence and metastases make the development of new therapies necessary. Colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) are considered as the main triggering factor of cancer progression, recurrence, and metastasis. CCSCs as a result of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations and also complex interconnection with the tumor microenvironment (TME) can evolve and convert to full malignant cells. Mounting evidence suggests that in cancer therapy both CCSCs and non-CCSCs in TME have to be regarded to break through the limitation of current therapies. In this regard, stem cell capabilities of some non-CCSCs may arise inside the TME condition. Therefore, a deep knowledge of regulatory mechanisms, heterogeneity, specific markers, and signaling pathways of CCSCs and their interconnection with TME components is needed to improve the treatment of colorectal cancer and the patient's life quality. In this review, we address current different targeted therapeutic options that target cell surface markers and signaling pathways of CCSCs and other components of TME. Current challenges and future perspectives of colon cancer personalized therapy are also provided here. Taken together, based on the deep understanding of biology of CCSCs and using three-dimensional culture technologies, it can be possible to reach successful colon cancer eradication and improvise combination targeted therapies against CCSCs and TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jahanafrooz
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaffar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Leichsenring J, Horak P, Kreutzfeldt S, Heining C, Christopoulos P, Volckmar A, Neumann O, Kirchner M, Ploeger C, Budczies J, Heilig CE, Hutter B, Fröhlich M, Uhrig S, Kazdal D, Allgäuer M, Harms A, Rempel E, Lehmann U, Thomas M, Pfarr N, Azoitei N, Bonzheim I, Marienfeld R, Möller P, Werner M, Fend F, Boerries M, Bubnoff N, Lassmann S, Longerich T, Bitzer M, Seufferlein T, Malek N, Weichert W, Schirmacher P, Penzel R, Endris V, Brors B, Klauschen F, Glimm H, Fröhling S, Stenzinger A. Variant classification in precision oncology. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2996-3010. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Leichsenring
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christoph Heining
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Lung Cancer Research Heidelberg (TLCR‐H)German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - Anna‐Lena Volckmar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olaf Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carolin Ploeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sebastian Uhrig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of BiosciencesHeidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alexander Harms
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Eugen Rempel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School Hanover Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Thoraxklinik Heidelberg Germany
- Translational Lung Cancer Research Heidelberg (TLCR‐H)German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Clinic of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Breisgau Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell ResearchUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- MIRACUM Consortium of the Medical Informatics Initiative Freiburg Germany
| | - Nikolas Bubnoff
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Department of Hematology and OncologyMedical Center, University of Schleswig‐Holstein Lübeck Germany
| | - Silke Lassmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Breisgau Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Heidelberg‐Göttingen‐Hannover Medizininformatik (HiGHmed) Konsortium Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Nisar Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Hanno Glimm
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
- DKFZ‐Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (HIPO) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- DKFZ‐Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (HIPO) Heidelberg Germany
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Kasi PM, Koep T, Schnettler E, Shahjehan F, Kamatham V, Baldeo C, Hughes CL. Feasibility of Integrating Panel-Based Pharmacogenomics Testing for Chemotherapy and Supportive Care in Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819873924. [PMID: 31533552 PMCID: PMC6753511 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819873924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacogenomics is about selecting the "right drug in the right amount for the right patient." In metastatic colorectal cancer, germline pharmacogenomics testing presents a unique opportunity to improve outcomes, since the genes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase metabolizing the chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan are already well known. In a retrospective analysis of the landmark TRIBE clinical trial [(TRIBE - TRIplet plus BEvacizumab multicenter, phase III trial by the Italian Cooperative GONO (Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest) group (NCT00719797)], the proportion of patients with serious adverse events was higher in those with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase/UDP-glucuronosyltransferase aberrations and was dose dependent. We aimed to report on the feasibility and the results of incorporating pharmacogenomics testing into clinical practice. METHODS As a quality improvement initiative and a center of individualized medicine grant, we integrated the use of OneOme RightMed comprehensive test, which reports on 27 genes related to pharmacogenomics and over 300 medications of interest. We limited initial testing to patients with colorectal cancer. Pharmacists provided dosage recommendations based on test results in real-time. RESULTS At our cancer center, 155 patients underwent pharmacogenomics testing from November 2017 to January 2019. Results were available within 3 to 5 days of testing for most patients and were integrated into treatment decision-making. Of 155 sampled participants, a total of 89 (57.4%) participants had an UGT1A1 variant genotype, NM_000463.2: c.-53_-52[8] *1/*28, n = 74 (47.7%); *28/*28, n = 15 (9.7%). Additionally, 4 (2.6%) participants were heterozygous for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Two (1.3%) individuals were heterozygous for both UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genes. All (100%) the patients had at least 1 actionable aberration related to supportive care medications (CYP-family) of all the possible medications listed on their pharmacogenomics report. CONCLUSION Preemptive comprehensive pharmacogenomics testing can be integrated into clinical practice in real-time for patients with cancer given faster turnaround and low cost. Pharmacist-driven, patient-specific medication management consults add further value given the number of genes/drugs. This sets the stage for a prospective randomized clinical trial to demonstrate the amount of benefit this can result in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Bone Marrow
Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,
USA
- Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Division of Hematology,
Oncology and Blood & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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