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Lahimer M, Djekkoun N, Tricotteaux-Zarqaoui S, Corona A, Lafosse I, Ali HB, Ajina M, Bach V, Benkhalifa M, Khorsi-Cauet H. Impact of Perinatal Coexposure to Chlorpyrifos and a High-Fat Diet on Kisspeptin and GnRHR Presence and Reproductive Organs. TOXICS 2023; 11:789. [PMID: 37755799 PMCID: PMC10534599 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated the involvement of extrahypothalamic Kisspeptin and GnRHR in reproductive function. In this study, we evaluate if maternal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or a high-fat diet (HFD) has an impact on the expression of Kisspeptin and GnRHR in the reproductive organs of rats' offspring. A total of 16 pregnant rats are divided into four groups: a control group (n = 4), CPF group (4 rats exposed daily to 1/mg/kg/day), HFD group (4 rats randomly fed a 5.25 kcal/g HFD), and coexposed group (4 rats exposed to CPF and HDF). At postnatal development postnatal day (PND) 60, male and female offspring were sacrificed. The reproductive organs (ovary and testis) were removed, and histological and immunohistological analysis and in silico quantification (TissueGnostics software 6.0.1.102, TissueFAXS, HistoQuest) were applied to investigate the impact of different treatments on Kisspeptin and GnRHR expression in reproductive organs. The main outcomes of the study showed a significant decrease in rat offspring's body weight in the CPF group from PND30 and PND60 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Histological analysis showed a significant increase in the atretic follicle and abnormal testis structure with germ cell desquamation in the CPF-exposed group. The immunodetection quantification of protein shows a significant decrease in GnRHR and Kisspeptin in the HFD and CPF exposed groups, respectively, in testis rat offspring. Perinatal exposure to CPF and HFD exposure affect the reproduction function of rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Lahimer
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
- ART and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, University Hospital and School of Medicine, CHU Sud, 80025 Amiens, France
- Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: From Integrated to Molecular “Biology, Medicine and 9 Health” (Code: LR19ES09), Sousse 4002, Tunisia;
| | - Narimane Djekkoun
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Sophian Tricotteaux-Zarqaoui
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Aurélie Corona
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Isabelle Lafosse
- MP3CV—UPJV—UR 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80025 Amiens, France;
| | - Habib Ben Ali
- Laboratory Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Mounir Ajina
- Exercise Physiology and Physiopathology: From Integrated to Molecular “Biology, Medicine and 9 Health” (Code: LR19ES09), Sousse 4002, Tunisia;
- Service of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Véronique Bach
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Moncef Benkhalifa
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
- ART and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, University Hospital and School of Medicine, CHU Sud, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- PERITOX-(UMR-I 01), UPJV/INERIS, UPJV, CURS, Chemin du Thil, 80025 Amiens, France; (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.T.-Z.); (A.C.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
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2
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Kumari U, Sharma RK, Keshari JR, Sinha A. Environmental Exposure: Effect on Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Neonatal Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e38548. [PMID: 37273345 PMCID: PMC10239284 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are important causes that impair global pregnancy outcomes and are, importantly, responsible for maternal morbidity and mortality. However, apart from the direct reasons for maternal deaths, mainly obstetric and neonatal complications, such factors are ignored or given less importance. The recent surge in research on the impact of various environmental factors on pregnancy outcomes suggests the need for immediate attention to such factors and device-specific policies to counter the situation. Moreover, the recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, global warming, and climate change showed a lack of preparedness to counter the impact of such events on maternal survival and safe and successful pregnancy outcomes. In the present review, we have emphasized the specific factors responsible for increased maternal and neonatal deaths and their association with specific environmental factors. Increased attention on maternal healthcare, preparedness to counter sudden environmental challenges and improvement of the conventional requirement for better maternal healthcare access and nutrition at a global level may improve the scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kumari
- Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | | | - J R Keshari
- Biochemistery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Archana Sinha
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
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3
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Holistic Integration of Omics Tools for Precision Nutrition in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194074. [PMID: 36235725 PMCID: PMC9572439 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of multiple omics approaches has emerged as an innovative holistic scope to provide a more comprehensive view of the molecular and physiological events underlying human diseases (including obesity, dyslipidemias, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and inflammation), as well as for elucidating unique and specific metabolic phenotypes. These omics technologies include genomics (polymorphisms and other structural genetic variants), epigenomics (DNA methylation, histone modifications, long non-coding RNA, telomere length), metagenomics (gut microbiota composition, enterotypes), transcriptomics (RNA expression patterns), proteomics (protein quantities), and metabolomics (metabolite profiles), as well as interactions with dietary/nutritional factors. Although more evidence is still necessary, it is expected that the incorporation of integrative omics could be useful not only for risk prediction and early diagnosis but also for guiding tailored dietary treatments and prognosis schemes. Some challenges include ethical and regulatory issues, the lack of robust and reproducible results due to methodological aspects, the high cost of omics methodologies, and high-dimensional data analyses and interpretation. In this review, we provide examples of system biology studies using multi-omics methodologies to unravel novel insights into the mechanisms and pathways connecting the genotype to clinically relevant traits and therapy outcomes for precision nutrition applications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Brink LR, Bender TM, Davies R, Luo H, Miketinas D, Shah N, Loveridge N, Gross G, Fawkes N. Optimizing Maternal Nutrition: The Importance of a Tailored Approach. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac118. [PMID: 36157850 PMCID: PMC9492153 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving nutritional status during pregnancy is a global interest. Frequently, women either fail to meet or exceed nutrient recommendations. Current strategies to improve maternal nutrition focus on a "one-size-fits-all" approach and fail to consider individual factors that affect the mother's overall nutritional status. The objectives of this review were to determine the importance of key nutrients for optimal maternal and fetal health, to explore to what extent current recommendations consider individual factors, and to explore novel strategies to close the gap between current guidelines and real-world challenges through more personalized approaches. This review intercalated different nutritional guidelines and recent scientific publications and research initiatives related to maternal nutrition. Based on that, an overview of current recommendations, challenges related to present approaches, and perspectives for future directions are described. Current guidelines are not optimally supporting adequate nutrient intake and health of expectant mothers and their offspring. Existing recommendations are not consistent and do not sufficiently take into account how interindividual variation leads to differences in nutrient status. Personalized nutrition offers women the opportunity to improve their health by using strategies that are tailored to their unique nutritional needs. Such strategies can include personalized supplementation, holistic lifestyle interventions, digital and application-based technologies, and dietary assessment through blood biomarker and genetic analysis. However, these approaches warrant further investigation and optimization. More personalized approaches have the potential to optimize mothers' and their offspring's health outcomes more appropriately to their nutritional needs before, during, and after pregnancy. Moving away from a generalized "one-size-fits-all" approach can be achieved through a variety of means. Future aims should be to provide supporting evidence to create customized subpopulation-based or individualized recommendations, improve nutrition education, and develop novel approaches to improve adherence to dietary and lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Brink
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Tonya M Bender
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Rosalind Davies
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Slough, UK
| | | | - Derek Miketinas
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neil Shah
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Slough, UK
| | - Nik Loveridge
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Slough, UK
| | - Gabriele Gross
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Neil Fawkes
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Slough, UK
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5
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Verduci E, Di Profio E, Fiore G, Zuccotti G. Integrated Approaches to Combatting Childhood Obesity. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022; 78 Suppl 2:8-19. [PMID: 35679843 DOI: 10.1159/000524962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of childhood obesity has grown sharply in recent decades. Obesity is considered a public health problem which directly affects the health status of children in numerous ways. To combat this trend, integrated approaches are necessary to prevent childhood obesity. Strategies require a comprehensive perspective at individual and parental level alongside the adoption of measures to engage the community and environment. SUMMARY Prevention is addressed as crucial in limiting the pediatric obesity epidemic in the long term. Breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding are recognized as early dietary factors that affect the future risk of obesity development during the first 2 years of life. During childhood and adolescence, dietary patterns, eating habits, portion size, eating frequencies, and family meals are important dietary factors to target for preventive strategies, as well as parenting style which is influenced by parents' education. Physical activity promotion and the reduction of sedentary behavior are also recommended. The adherence of children and families to obesity prevention programs is highly dependent on socioeconomic factors. Moreover, setting food quality standards and public policies to promote healthy lifestyle habits is strongly advocated. The implementation of cost-effective preventive strategies is of high priority and requires an integrated approach by healthcare services. All stakeholders involved should take an active role in supporting and empowering children and families in order to cope with this multifactorial and complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Animal Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Animal Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Metabolic and Nutritional Aspects in Paediatric Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102107. [PMID: 35631248 PMCID: PMC9147015 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males. It is well known that patients with this syndrome have greater mortality and morbidity compared to the general population due to cardiovascular diseases and endocrine metabolism disorders. This augmented risk is due both to hypogonadism and to the syndrome itself. Therefore, correct hormonal replacement therapy and early primary prevention are crucial to these patients. Even though different studies are available on this topic in adult patients, only a few authors have focused on the paediatric population. Thus, in this narrative review, we report the current knowledge of metabolic and nutritional aspects in children with Klinefelter syndrome.
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Zuccarello D, Sorrentino U, Brasson V, Marin L, Piccolo C, Capalbo A, Andrisani A, Cassina M. Epigenetics of pregnancy: looking beyond the DNA code. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:801-816. [PMID: 35301622 PMCID: PMC9050975 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the different mechanisms that influence gene expression without direct modification of the DNA sequence. An ever-increasing amount of evidence suggests that such regulatory processes may play a pivotal role both in the initiation of pregnancy and in the later processes of embryonic and fetal development, thus determining long-term effects even in adult life. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of epigenetics in pregnancy, from its most studied and well-known mechanisms to the new frontiers of epigenetic regulation, such as the role of ncRNAs and the effects of the gestational environment on fetal brain development. Epigenetic mechanisms in pregnancy are a dynamic phenomenon that responds both to maternal-fetal and environmental factors, which can influence and modify the embryo-fetal development during the various gestational phases. Therefore, we also recapitulate the effects of the most notable environmental factors that can affect pregnancy and prenatal development, such as maternal nutrition, stress hormones, microbiome, and teratogens, focusing on their ability to cause epigenetic modifications in the gestational environment and ultimately in the fetus. Despite the promising advancements in the knowledge of epigenetics in pregnancy, more experience and data on this topic are still needed. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation in pregnancy could in fact prove valuable towards a better management of both physiological pregnancies and assisted reproduction treatments, other than allowing to better comprehend the origin of multifactorial pathological conditions such as neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zuccarello
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ugo Sorrentino
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valeria Brasson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Loris Marin
- Gynaecological Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Piccolo
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Andrisani
- Gynaecological Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Grzęda E, Matuszewska J, Ziarniak K, Gertig-Kolasa A, Krzyśko- Pieczka I, Skowrońska B, Sliwowska JH. Animal Foetal Models of Obesity and Diabetes - From Laboratory to Clinical Settings. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785674. [PMID: 35197931 PMCID: PMC8858803 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period, during which a fully formed newborn capable of surviving outside its mother's body is built from a single cell, is critical for human development. It is also the time when the foetus is particularly vulnerable to environmental factors, which may modulate the course of its development. Both epidemiological and animal studies have shown that foetal programming of physiological systems may alter the growth and function of organs and lead to pathology in adulthood. Nutrition is a particularly important environmental factor for the pregnant mother as it affects the condition of offspring. Numerous studies have shown that an unbalanced maternal metabolic status (under- or overnutrition) may cause long-lasting physiological and behavioural alterations, resulting in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Various diets are used in laboratory settings in order to induce maternal obesity and metabolic disorders, and to alter the offspring development. The most popular models are: high-fat, high-sugar, high-fat-high-sugar, and cafeteria diets. Maternal undernutrition models are also used, which results in metabolic problems in offspring. Similarly to animal data, human studies have shown the influence of mothers' diets on the development of children. There is a strong link between the maternal diet and the birth weight, metabolic state, changes in the cardiovascular and central nervous system of the offspring. The mechanisms linking impaired foetal development and adult diseases remain under discussion. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play a major role in prenatal programming. Additionally, sexually dimorphic effects on offspring are observed. Therefore, further research on both sexes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Grzęda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gertig-Kolasa
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Krzyśko- Pieczka
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna H. Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna H. Sliwowska,
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Nutripedia: The Fight against the Fake News in Nutrition during Pregnancy and Early Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092998. [PMID: 34578875 PMCID: PMC8471128 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Early nutrition and lifestyle before and during pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy, and early childhood can affect the risk of developing common non-communicable diseases during adulthood such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. To support positive long-term outcomes, it is essential to debunk fake news and provide evidence-based nutritional recommendations. “Nutripedia-Informati per Crescere” is a new tool delivering information and education on appropriate nutrition of mothers and babies during pregnancy and the first years of life. (2) Methods. Nutripedia provides the readers with evidence-based scientific contents in an easy-to-access fashion through a website, a social media page and a personalized advice app called “Nutripedia Chatbot”. (3) Results. Forty articles were published on Nutripedia website with more than 220,000 total views. Social channel activation via bloggers reached over 9 million parents. 14,698 users downloaded Nutripedia chatbot, through which a total of 1930 questions were directed to experts while over 24,000 responses were provided by the app. (4) Conclusions. The use of different communication tools delivering evidence-based nutritional information such as Nutripedia is increasing and could offer supportive strategies to provide scientific information to large audiences and contribute fighting fake news. Future research could investigate the effectiveness of this important health campaign.
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