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Fukunaga S, Mukasa M, Nakane T, Nakano D, Tsutsumi T, Chou T, Tanaka H, Hayashi D, Minami S, Ohuchi A, Nagata T, Takaki K, Takaki H, Miyajima I, Nouno R, Araki T, Morita T, Torimura T, Okabe Y, Kawaguchi T. Impact of non-obese metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on risk factors for the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection: A multicenter study. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:201-212. [PMID: 37796562 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic dysfunction is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the impact of the recently proposed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its subtypes on ESCC recurrence after endoscopic treatment. METHODS This multicenter observational cohort study enrolled consecutive patients newly diagnosed with ESCC after endoscopic treatment. Patients were classified into MAFLD or non-MAFLD groups. The MAFLD group was further classified into non-obese and obese MAFLD groups with a body mass index cutoff value of 25 kg/m2 . The impact of MAFLD on the recurrence of ESCC was evaluated using a decision tree algorithm and random forest analysis. RESULTS A total of 147 patients (average age 69 years; male : female, 127:20; observational period, 2.4 years) were enrolled. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates were 2.0%, 21.1%, and 33.7%, respectively. Independent risk factors for the recurrence of ESCC were MAFLD (HR 2.2812; 95% confidence interval 1.0497-4.9571; p = 0.0373), drinking status, and smoking status. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was identified as the second most important classifier for recurrence, followed by drinking status. The cumulative incidence of ESCC recurrence was higher in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group. In a subanalysis, the cumulative incidence of recurrence was significantly higher in the non-obese than in the obese MAFLD group among abstainers/non-drinkers. Directed acyclic graphs revealed that MAFLD directly contributes to ESCC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD was independently and directly associated with ESCC recurrence after endoscopic treatment; a high recurrence rate was observed in patients with non-obese MAFLD. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease may identify patients at high risk for ESCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Fukunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michita Mukasa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Dan Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomonori Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Daiki Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinpei Minami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshinobu Okabe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Wan M, Yang X, He L, Meng H. Elucidating the clonal relationship of esophageal second primary tumors in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:75. [PMID: 38017473 PMCID: PMC10685475 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer ranks as the second most prevalent upper airway malignancy, following Lung cancer. Although some progress has been made in managing laryngeal cancer, the 5-year survival rate is disappointing. The gradual increase in the incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) plays a crucial role in determining survival outcomes during long-term follow-up, and the esophagus was the most common site with a worse prognosis. In clinical practice, the treatment of esophageal second primary tumors (ESPT) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has always been challenging. For patients with synchronous tumors, several treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and potentially curative surgery are necessary but are typically poorly tolerated. Secondary cancer therapy options for metachronous patients are always constrained by index cancer treatment indications. Therefore, understanding the clonal origin of the second primary tumor may be an important issue in the treatment of patients. LSCC cells demonstrate genetic instability because of two distinct aetiologies (human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive) disease. Various etiologies exhibit distinct oncogenic mechanisms, which subsequently impact the tissue microenvironment. The condition of the tissue microenvironment plays a crucial role in determining the destiny and clonal makeup of mutant cells during the initial stages of tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the genetic advances of LSCC, the current research status of SPT, and the influence of key carcinogenesis of HPV-positive and HPV-negative LSCC on clonal evolution of ESPT cells. The objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis underlying the clonal origins of SPT, thereby offering novel perspectives for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Bano A, Vats R, Verma D, Yadav P, Kamboj M, Bhardwaj R. Exploring salivary exosomes as early predictors of oral cancer in susceptible tobacco consumers: noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic applications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15781-15793. [PMID: 37668794 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary exosome analysis provides a noninvasive and comprehensive approach with potential applications in oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The early detection of oral cancer has remained a critical concern in enhancing the quality of life, especially for individuals who consume tobacco and are at greater risk of developing the disease. The current study investigates the potential of salivary exosomes in screening smokers for early signs and transformations of oral cancer. METHODS Morphological characterization of salivary exosomes among three study groups (non-smokers as control, smokers as high-risk tobacco consumers, and Oral cancer) (n = 120) was carried out through dynamic light scattering, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. For molecular characterization, EXOCET and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods were utilized. The expression of the exosomal surface protein CD63 was evaluated using Western blotting. RESULTS Salivary exosomes exhibit noticeable differences in size between control group and tobacco consumers. The differentiation extended beyond exosome size and included variations in concentration and bio-molecular composition, as determined by FTIR screening. Tobacco consumers and oral cancer groups showed significantly larger and more concentrated exosomes compared to the healthy group. CONCLUSION Our study provides strong evidence that the properties of salivary exosomes can serve as reliable noninvasive biomarkers for distinguishing tobacco consumers from non-smokers and oral cancer patients. Our results underscore the potential of exosome-based diagnostics in early oral cancer detection for high-risk individuals. The larger size and higher concentration of exosomes in tobacco consumers indicate early changes in cell secretions associated with the transformation from healthy to abnormal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsareen Bano
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Ravina Vats
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Deepika Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rashmi Bhardwaj
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India.
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Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Barnoya J, Cavalcante T, Aburto TC, Romieu I, Stern MC, Barquera S, Corvalán C, Hallal PC, Canelo-Aybar C, Alvarado-Villacorta R, Espina C, Feliu A, Rivera JA. Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Tobacco and nicotine-related products, secondhand smoke, and alcohol and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 86 Suppl 1:102413. [PMID: 37852726 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco, secondhand smoke (SHS), and alcohol, all carcinogens, are leading preventable cancer risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Since 2000, smoking and SHS exposure have significantly decreased in the region. Yet alcohol consumption remains high. The entry of nicotine-related products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) threatens achievements made in tobacco control and chronic diseases prevention, including cancer. E-cigs use is likely associated with smoking initiation among adolescents who had never smoked and dual use with combustible tobacco products. Therefore, the LAC Code Against Cancer recommends to the public actions they can take to reduce their risk of cancer: 1. Don't smoke or use any type of tobacco. If you do, quitting is possible, with professional help if needed. Don't use e-cigarettes either, as they lead to tobacco use. 2. Make your home a smoke-free place. Respect and promote laws that ensure smoke-free spaces to protect our health. and 3. Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. This helps prevent several types of cancer. The Code recommends to policymakers a package of cost-effective policies based on the MPOWER and SAFER to prevent cancer at the population level. It also recommends that primary care health professionals: 1. Ask all their patients and their families whether they smoke or vape, inform them about the harms of smoking and vaping, and promote tobacco and nicotine related products cessation strategies among users. 2. Inform about the harms of exposure to SHS, especially among children, and promote smoke-free environments, and 3. Prevent alcohol use by their patients and their families, use tools to assess use, intensity, and frequency, and apply brief counseling intervention to support alcohol abstinence in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu
- Tobacco Control and Preventive Department. Center for Population Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62100, Mexico.
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Integra Cancer Institute, Guatemala, 9ª calle 4-52 zona 10, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Tania Cavalcante
- Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, INCA, Brasil.Pr. da Cruz Vermelha, 23 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Tania C Aburto
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 90033 Los Angeles, USA
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberossssamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Alvarado-Villacorta
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberossssamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Ariadna Feliu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, 25 avenue Tony Garnier CS 90627, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Peake JD, Horne KI, Noguchi C, Gilligan JP, Noguchi E. The p53 DNA damage response and Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway protect against acetaldehyde-induced replication stress in esophageal keratinocytes. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2088-2096. [PMID: 37749911 PMCID: PMC10761134 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2261740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol contributes to cellular accumulation of acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of alcohol and a major human carcinogen. Acetaldehyde can form DNA adducts and induce interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are repaired by the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway (FA pathway). Individuals with deficiency in acetaldehyde detoxification or in the FA pathway have an increased risk of squamous-cell carcinomas (SCCs) including those of the esophagus. In a recent report, we described the molecular basis of acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage in esophageal keratinocytes [1]. We demonstrated that, at physiologically relevant concentrations, acetaldehyde induces DNA damage at the DNA replication fork. This resulted in replication stress, leading to activation of the ATR-Chk1-dependent cell cycle checkpoints. We also reported that the p53 DNA damage response is elevated in response to acetaldehyde and that the FA pathway limits acetaldehyde-induced genomic instability. Here, we highlight these findings and present additional results to discuss the role of the FA pathway and p53 DNA damage response in the protection against genomic instability and esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D. Peake
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kalisse I. Horne
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P. Gilligan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ueng KC, Chiang CE, Chao TH, Wu YW, Lee WL, Li YH, Ting KH, Su CH, Lin HJ, Su TC, Liu TJ, Lin TH, Hsu PC, Wang YC, Chen ZC, Jen HL, Lin PL, Ko FY, Yen HW, Chen WJ, Hou CJY. 2023 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndrome. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:4-96. [PMID: 36685161 PMCID: PMC9829849 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202301_39(1).20221103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) covers a wide spectrum from persons who are asymptomatic to those presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden cardiac death. Coronary atherosclerotic disease is a chronic, progressive process that leads to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression within the epicardial coronary arteries. Being a dynamic process, CAD generally presents with a prolonged stable phase, which may then suddenly become unstable and lead to an acute coronary event. Thus, the concept of "stable CAD" may be misleading, as the risk for acute events continues to exist, despite the use of pharmacological therapies and revascularization. Many advances in coronary care have been made, and guidelines from other international societies have been updated. The 2023 guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for CAD introduce a new concept that categorizes the disease entity according to its clinical presentation into acute or chronic coronary syndromes (ACS and CCS, respectively). Previously defined as stable CAD, CCS include a heterogeneous population with or without chest pain, with or without prior ACS, and with or without previous coronary revascularization procedures. As cardiologists, we now face the complexity of CAD, which involves not only the epicardial but also the microcirculatory domains of the coronary circulation and the myocardium. New findings about the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis have changed the clinical landscape. After a nearly 50-year ischemia-centric paradigm of coronary stenosis, growing evidence indicates that coronary atherosclerosis and its features are both diagnostic and therapeutic targets beyond obstructive CAD. Taken together, these factors have shifted the clinicians' focus from the functional evaluation of coronary ischemia to the anatomic burden of disease. Research over the past decades has strengthened the case for prevention and optimal medical therapy as central interventions in patients with CCS. Even though functional capacity has clear prognostic implications, it does not include the evaluation of non-obstructive lesions, plaque burden or additional risk-modifying factors beyond epicardial coronary stenosis-driven ischemia. The recommended first-line diagnostic tests for CCS now include coronary computed tomographic angiography, an increasingly used anatomic imaging modality capable of detecting not only obstructive but also non-obstructive coronary plaques that may be missed with stress testing. This non-invasive anatomical modality improves risk assessment and potentially allows for the appropriate allocation of preventive therapies. Initial invasive strategies cannot improve mortality or the risk of myocardial infarction. Emphasis should be placed on optimizing the control of risk factors through preventive measures, and invasive strategies should be reserved for highly selected patients with refractory symptoms, high ischemic burden, high-risk anatomies, and hemodynamically significant lesions. These guidelines provide current evidence-based diagnosis and treatment recommendations. However, the guidelines are not mandatory, and members of the Task Force fully realize that the treatment of CCS should be individualized to address each patient's circumstances. Ultimately, the decision of healthcare professionals is most important in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Yi-Heng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Ke-Hsin Ting
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yunlin Christian Hospital, Yunlin
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Tsun-Jui Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Po-Chao Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Asia University Hospital, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan
| | - Hsu-Lung Jen
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Feng-You Ko
- Cardiovascular Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan
| | - Charles Jia-Yin Hou
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Tumor Progression, Microenvironments, and Therapeutics. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101599. [PMID: 36295034 PMCID: PMC9605304 DOI: 10.3390/life12101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Risk Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5227771. [PMID: 36065312 PMCID: PMC9440776 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5227771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common second primary neoplasia in patients with a history of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim of this study was to provide further information and novel insights into the risk factors for ESCC in patients with HNSCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 98 HNSCC patients diagnosed from 2007 to 2017, 30 HNSCC patients suffering from ESCC, who had undergone endoscopic examination because of positive imaging examinations or symptoms, and 68 HNSCC patients who had no ESCC occurrence for at least six years post-HNSCC diagnosis. Associated clinicopathological data and lifestyle information of the ESCC group and the without ESCC group were collected, and a case-control study of risk factors was analyzed between the two groups. Results The majority (83.4%) of the cases with HNSCC esophageal cancers were male patients over 50 years. We established that 93.75% (30/32) of the ESCC occurred within six years after HNSCC diagnosis. HNSCC location, stage, and radiotherapy history had no significant association with the development of ESCC. High Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 LI) (>46) patients tended to be 3.1 times (95% CI = 1.3–7.6) more likely to develop ESCC compared to low Ki67 LI (≤45) patients (P < 0.05). Drinkers with alcohol flushing response were at a 3.3 times higher risk to have ESCC (95% CI = 1.0–10.4) than drinkers without flush response (P < 0.05). Conclusions HNSCC patients, especially drinkers with an alcohol flushing response, as well as those with high Ki67 LI of HNSCC tissue, were more likely to develop ESCC.
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Park SH, Lee YS, Sim J, Seo S, Seo W. Alcoholic liver disease: a new insight into the pathogenesis of liver disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:447-459. [PMID: 35761115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to a broad clinical spectrum of liver diseases, from simple steatosis to end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes ingested alcohol and is exquisitely sensitive to alcohol intake. Alcohol metabolism is classified into two pathways: oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolism. Both oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolisms and their metabolites have toxic consequences for multiple organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, intestine, and pancreas. Although many studies have focused on the effects of oxidative alcohol metabolites on liver damage, the importance of non-oxidative alcohol metabolites in cellular damage has also been discovered. Furthermore, extrahepatic alcohol effects are crucial for providing additional information necessary for the progression of alcoholic liver disease. Therefore, studying the effects of alcohol-producing metabolites and interorgan crosstalk between the liver and peripheral organs that express ethanol-metabolizing enzymes will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. This review focuses on alcohol-metabolite-associated hepatotoxicity due to oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolites and the role of interorgan crosstalk in alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Sim
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonkyung Seo
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea.
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