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Iqbal O, Syed RN, Rajput NA, Wang Y, Lodhi AM, Khan R, Jibril SM, Atiq M, Li C. Antagonistic activity of two Bacillus strains against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici ( FOC-1) causing Fusarium wilt and growth promotion activity of chili plant. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1388439. [PMID: 38860216 PMCID: PMC11163047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1388439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici (Foc) poses a significant position in agriculture that has a negative impact on chili plant in terms of growth, fruit quality, and yield. Biological control is one of the promising strategies to control this pathogen in crops. Chili is considered as one of the most important crops in the Hyderabad region that is affected by Fusarium wilt disease. The pathogen was isolated from the infected samples in the region and was confirmed by morphological characteristics and PCR with a band of 488 bp. The bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy plant and also confirmed by PCR with a band of 1,542 bp.The molecular characterization of the fungal and bacterial strain has shown 99.9% homology with the retrieved sequences of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici and Bacillus subtilis from NCBI. The 1-month-old Ghotki chili plants were inoculated with 1×105 cfu spore/ml-1 suspension and confirmed that the FOC-1 is responsible for chili Fusarium wilt disease. Subsequently, among the 33 screened Bacillus strains, only 11 showed antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum. Out of these, only two strains (AM13 and AM21) have shown maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogen by reducing the infection and promoting growth parameters of chili plants under both in vitro and greenhouse conditions. The study suggested that biological control is the most promising control strategy for the management of Fusarium wilt of chili in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rehana Naz Syed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmed Rajput
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Abdul Mubeen Lodhi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sauban Musa Jibril
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Huang N, Jin X, Wen JT, Zhang YF, Yang X, Wei GY, Wang YK, Qin M. Biocontrol and Growth Promotion Potential of Bacillus subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 against Rhizoctonia solani that Causes Tobacco Target Spot Disease. Pol J Microbiol 2024; 73:29-38. [PMID: 38437465 PMCID: PMC10911660 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2024-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases form perforated disease spots in tobacco plants, resulting in a decline in tobacco yield and quality. The present study investigated the antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 against Rhizoctonia solani, its ability to promote the growth of tobacco seedlings, and the expression of disease resistance-related genes for efficient and eco-friendly plant disease control. Our results showed that CTXW 7-6-2 had the most vigorous growth after being cultured for 96 h, and its rate of inhibition of R. solani growth in vitro was 94.02%. The volatile compounds produced by CTXW 7-6-2 inhibited the growth of R. solani significantly (by 96.62%). The fungal growthinhibition rate of the B. subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 broth obtained after high-temperature and no-high-temperature sterile fermentation was low, at 50.88% and 54.63%, respectively. The lipopeptides extracted from the B. subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 fermentation broth showed a 74.88% fungal growth inhibition rate at a concentration of 100 mg/l. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed some organelle structural abnormalities, collapse, shrinkage, blurring, and dissolution in the R. solani mycelia. In addition, CTXW 7-6-2 increased tobacco seedling growth and improved leaf and root weight compared to the control. After CTXW 7-6-2 inoculation, tobacco leaves showed the upregulation of the PDF1.2, PPO, and PAL genes, which are closely related to target spot disease resistance. In conclusion, B. subtilis CTXW 7-6-2 may be an efficient biological control agent in tobacco agriculture and enhance plant growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin-Tao Wen
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhang
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Yu Wei
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Kun Wang
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
| | - Min Qin
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Company Guiyang City Company, Guiyang, China
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Fan Y, He X, Dai J, Yang N, Jiang Q, Xu Z, Tang X, Yu Y, Xiao M. Induced Resistance Mechanism of Bacillus velezensis S3-1 Against Pepper Wilt. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:367. [PMID: 37819393 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pepper wilt has emerged as a pivotal constraint on pepper yield augmentation. Bacillus velezensis S3-1, with a wide array of hosts, can be used as both a biocontrol agent and biofertilizer. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underpinning its employment in combating pepper wilt remain cloaked in ambiguity. In our study, we found that B. velezensis S3-1 could significantly inhibit Fusarium sp. F1T that caused pepper wilt. S3-1 could effectively inhibit both the growth and germination of F1T conidia, leading to a reduction in the spore germination percentage from 83.2 to 37.1% in vitro experiments. Additionally, leaf detachment experiments revealed that the volatile compounds produced by S3-1 could inhibit the spread of pepper leaf spot area. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pepper treated with S3-1, along with a significant increase in the content of soluble protein, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in pepper. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of the defense genes CaPR 1 and CaPIN II in pepper after treatment with S3-1 was significantly upregulated, suggesting that S3-1 had the potential to induce systemic resistance in pepper, thereby enhancing its disease resistance. Hence, our findings suggest that S3-1 can be a promising biocontrol agent for managing pepper wilt in modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie He
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, People's Republic of China.
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Khuong NQ, Nhien DB, Thu LTM, Trong ND, Hiep PC, Thuan VM, Quang LT, Thuc LV, Xuan DT. Using Trichoderma asperellum to Antagonize Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem-End Rot Disease on Pomelo ( Citrus maxima). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:981. [PMID: 37888237 PMCID: PMC10607552 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem-end rot disease has been causing damage to the production of pomelos in Vietnam. The cur-rent study aimed to (i) isolate fungal pathogens causing pomelo stem-end rot disease (PSERD) and (ii) discover Trichoderma spp. that had an antagonistic ability against pathogens under in vitro conditions. Fungi causing PSERD were isolated from pomelo fruits with symptoms of stem-end rot disease and collected from pomelo farms in Ben Tre province, Vietnam. Moreover, 50 fungal strains of Trichoderma spp. also originated from soils of these pomelo farms in Ben Tre province and were dual-tested with the fungal pathogen on the PDA medium. The results demonstrated that 11 pathogenic fungi causing PSERD were isolated from the fruit and showed mycelial growth of roughly 5.33-8.77 cm diameter at 72 h after inoculation. The two fungi that exhibited the fast-est growth, namely, S-P06 and S-P07, were selected. ITS sequencing of the S-P06 and S-P07 fungi resulted in Lasiodiplodia theobromae. All the 50 Trichoderma spp. strains were allowed to antago-nize against the S-P06 and S-P07 strains under in vitro conditions. The greatest antagonistic effi-ciency was found in Trichoderma spp. T-SP19 at 85.4-86.2% and T-SP32 at 84.7-85.4%. The two antagonists were identified as Trichoderma asperellum T-SP19 and T-SP32. The selected strains of Trichoderma asperellum were potent as a biological control for fruit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Khuong
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Dinh Bich Nhien
- Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam;
| | - Le Thi My Thu
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Nguyen Duc Trong
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Phan Chan Hiep
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Vo Minh Thuan
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Le Thanh Quang
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Le Vinh Thuc
- Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam; (N.Q.K.); (L.T.M.T.); (N.D.T.); (P.C.H.); (V.M.T.); (L.T.Q.); (L.V.T.)
| | - Do Thi Xuan
- Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94115, Vietnam;
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Sun Y, Mfarrej MFB, Song X, Ma J, Min B, Chen F. New insights in to the ameliorative effects of zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles to arsenic stressed spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 199:107715. [PMID: 37104975 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is capturing great interest worldwide due to their stirring applications in various fields and also individual application of iron oxide nanoparticle (FeO-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) have been studied in many literatures. However, the combined application of FeO and ZnO-NPs is a novel approach and studied in only few studies. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress and response of antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and nonenzymatic), sugars, nutritional status of the plant, organic acid exudation pattern As accumulation from the different parts of the plants in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under the different As concentrations i.e., 0 (no As), 60 and 120 μM] which were primed with combined application of two levels of FeO-NPs (10 and 20 mg L-1) and ZnO-NPs (20 and 40 mg L-1). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of S. oleracea. The negative impact of As toxicity can overcome the combined application of ZnO-NPs and FeO-NPs, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in S. oleracea by decreasing the As contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of ZnO-NPs and FeO-NPs can ameliorate As toxicity in S. oleracea, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under As stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaojun Song
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bolin Min
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
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Abdel-Rahman TFM, Abdel-Megeed A, Salem MZM. Characterization and control of Rhizoctonia solani affecting lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. Mast.) using some bioagents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6691. [PMID: 37095150 PMCID: PMC10126101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In a survey conducted during the period of March-May 2019 in nurseries, warehouses, and shops at three governorates (Alexandria, El-Behera, and Giza governorates, Egypt), symptoms of root rot, basal stem rot, and wilt disease complex were observed in the lucky bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana hort. ex. Mast.). The highest disease infection percentage was found in lucky bamboo collected from Alexandria City (47.67%), while the highest disease severity was in lucky bamboo collected from El-Behera Governorate (35.19%). Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternate were isolated and identified in the infected lucky bamboo samples. R. solani isolates were the most dominant among the recovered fungal species with a percentage of 80.89% of the total isolates (246). Pathogenicity tests showed that R. solani was the most pathogen with 100% disease infection and 76.67% disease severity. Molecular identification characterized R. solani isolate as R. solani AUMC 15120, MZ723906. Meanwhile, four biological control agents (bioagents) were isolated from the healthy lucky bamboo samples and identified based on cultural, morphological, microscopic characteristics, and the molecular phylogenetic analysis as Clonostachys rosea AUMC 15121, OL461708; Bacillus circulans TAG1, MW441316; B. siamensis TAP1, MW441318 and Ochrobactrum anthropi TAM1, MW441317. The four bioagents showed potential inhibition of R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo on lucky bamboo plants in vase treatments compared to the untreated inoculated control as well as certain fungicides and biocides used (Moncut, Rizolex-T, Topsin-M, Bio-Zeid, and Bio-Arc). The bioagent O. anthropi showed the highest inhibition growth (85.11%) of the in vitro R. solani colony, which was not significantly different from the biocide Bio-Arc (83.78%). However, C. rosea, B. siamensis and B. circulans showed inhibition values of 65.33, 64.44, and 60.44%, respectively. On the other hand, the biocide Bio-Zeid showed less inhibitory effect (43.11%), while the lowest growth inhibition was recorded by Rizolex-T (34.22%) and Topsin-M (28.67%). Furthermore, the in vivo experiment supported the in vitro results for the most effective treatments, where all the treatments significantly decreased the percentage of infection and disease severity compared to the inoculated untreated control. Additionally, the bioagent O. anthropi showed the highest effect, i.e., the lowest disease incidence and disease severity being 13.33% and 10%, compared to 100% and 75%, respectively, in the untreated inoculated control. This was not significantly different from the fungicide Moncut (13.33% and 21%) and from the bioagent C. rosea (20% and 15%) treatments for both parameters, respectively. In conclusion, the bioagents O. anthropi MW441317 at 1 × 108 CFU/ml as well as C. rosea AUMC15121 at 1 × 107/ml proved to be efficient to control R. solani causing root rot, and basal stem rot on lucky bamboo, compared to fungicide Moncut and can be used for disease management without the negative impact of the chemical control. Furthermore, this is the first report of the isolation and identification of Rhizoctonia solani, a pathogenic fungus, and four biocontrol agents (Bacillus circulans, B. siamensis, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Clonostachys rosea) associated with the healthy lucky bamboo plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed F M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
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Soliman SA, Abdelhameed RE, Metwally RA. In vivo and In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of the PGPR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 (MZ945930) against Alternaria alternata with growth promotion influences on Capsicum annuum L. plants. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:70. [PMID: 37055827 PMCID: PMC10103514 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata that threatens pepper production and causes major economic harm is responsible for the leaf spot/blight disease. Chemical fungicides have been widely employed; unfortunately, fungicidal resistance is a current concern. Therefore, finding new environmentally friendly biocontrol agents is a future challenge. One of these friendly solutions is the use of bacterial endophytes that have been identified as a source of bioactive compounds. The current study investigates the in vivo and in vitro fungicidal potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 (MZ945930) against pathogenic A. alternata. In vitro, the results revealed that RaSh1 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against A. alternata. In addition to this, we inoculated pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 and infected them with A. alternata. As a result of A. alternata infection, which generated the highest leaf spot disease incidence (DI), the plant's growth indices and physio-biochemical characteristics significantly decreased, according to our findings. Our results also showed the abnormal and deformed cell structure using light and electron microscopy of A. alternata-infected leaves compared with other treatments. However, DI was greatly reduced with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 application (40%) compared to pepper plants infected with A. alternata (80%), and this led to the largest increases in all identified physio-biochemical parameters, including the activity of the defense-related enzymes. Moreover, inoculation of pepper plants with B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 decreased electrolyte leakage by 19.53% and MDA content by 38.60% as compared to A. alternata infected ones. Our results show that the endophyte B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 has excellent potential as a biocontrol agent and positively affects pepper plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Metwally
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Behiry S, Soliman SA, Massoud MA, Abdelbary M, Kordy AM, Abdelkhalek A, Heflish A. Trichoderma pubescens Elicit Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato Challenged by Rhizoctonia solani. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020167. [PMID: 36836282 PMCID: PMC9961125 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani causes severe diseases in many plant species, particularly root rot in tomato plants. For the first time, Trichoderma pubescens effectively controls R. solani in vitro and in vivo. R. solani strain R11 was identified using the ITS region (OP456527); meanwhile, T. pubescens strain Tp21 was characterized by the ITS region (OP456528) and two genes (tef-1 and rpb2). The antagonistic dual culture method revealed that T. pubescens had a high activity of 76.93% in vitro. A substantial increase in root length, plant height, shoot fresh and dry, and root fresh and dry weight was indicated after applying T. pubescens to tomato plants in vivo. Additionally, it significantly increased the chlorophyll content and total phenolic compounds. The treatment with T. pubescens exhibited a low disease index (DI, 16.00%) without significant differences with Uniform® fungicide at a concentration of 1 ppm (14.67%), while the R. solani-infected plants showed a DI of 78.67%. At 15 days after inoculation, promising increases in the relative expression levels of three defense-related genes (PAL, CHS, and HQT) were observed in all T. pubescens treated plants compared with the non-treated plants. Plants treated with T. pubescens alone showed the highest expression value, with relative transcriptional levels of PAL, CHS, and HQT that were 2.72-, 4.44-, and 3.72-fold higher in comparison with control plants, respectively. The two treatments of T. pubescens exhibited increasing antioxidant enzyme production (POX, SOD, PPO, and CAT), while high MDA and H2O2 levels were observed in the infected plants. The HPLC results of the leaf extract showed a fluctuation in polyphenolic compound content. T. pubescens application alone or for treating plant pathogen infection showed elevated phenolic acids such as chlorogenic and coumaric acids. Therefore, the ability of T. pubescens to inhibit the growth of R. solani, enhance the development of tomato plants, and induce systemic resistance supports the application of T. pubescens as a potential bioagent for managing root rot disease and productivity increase of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Seham A. Soliman
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Massoud
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Moawad Abdelbary
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Kordy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Heflish
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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Sun Y, Ma L, Ma J, Li B, Zhu Y, Chen F. Combined application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and iron oxide nanoparticles ameliorates the toxic effects of arsenic in Ajwain ( Trachyspermum ammi L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1098755. [PMID: 36643291 PMCID: PMC9832315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1098755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as arsenic (As)] is becoming a serious global problem because of the rapid development of the social economy. Although plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and nanoparticles (NPs) are the major protectants to alleviate metal toxicity, the study of these chemicals in combination to ameliorate the toxic effects of As is limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of different levels of Providencia vermicola (5 ppm and 10 ppm) and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) (50 mg/l-1 and 100 mg/l-1) on plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress and response of antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), and their specific gene expression, sugars, nutritional status of the plant, organic acid exudation pattern As accumulation from the different parts of the plants, and electron microscopy under the soil, which was spiked with different levels of As [0 μM (i.e., no As), 50 μM, and 100 μM] in Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seedlings. Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants, and destroyed the ultra-structure of membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (p< 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of T. ammi seedlings. The negative impact of As toxicity can overcome the application of PGPB (P. vermicola) and FeO-NPs, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in T. ammi seedlings by decreasing the As contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Our results also showed that the FeO-NPs were more sever and showed better results when we compared with PGPB (P. vermicola) under the same treatment of As in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of P. vermicola and FeO-NPs can ameliorate As toxicity in T. ammi seedlings, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Boakye TA, Li H, Osei R, Boamah S, Min Z, Ni C, Wu J, Shi M, Qiao W. Antagonistic Effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TL6 and TL13) on Fusarium solani and Fusarium avenaceum Causing Root Rot on Snow Pea Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1148. [PMID: 36354916 PMCID: PMC9693188 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow pea root rot in China is caused by Fusarium solani (FSH) and Fusarium avenaceum (FAH), which affect snow pea production. The chemical control methods used against FSH and FAH are toxic to the environment and resistance may be developed in persistence applications. Therefore, an alternative approach is needed to control these pathogens. This study focuses on Trichoderma longibrachiatum strains (TL6 and TL13), mycoparasitic mechanisms of FSH and FAH, as well as growth-promoting potentials on snow pea seedlings under FSH and FAH stress at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The average inhibitory rates of TL6 against FSH and FAH were 54.58% and 69.16%, respectively, on day 7. Similarly, TL13 average inhibitory rates against FSH and FAH were 59.06% and 71.27%, respectively, on day 7. The combined TL13 and TL6 with FSH and FAH reduced disease severity by 86.6, 81.6, 57.60, and 60.90%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. The snow pea plants inoculated with FSH and FAH without TL6 and TL13 increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in the leaves by 64.8, 66.0, 64.4 and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the combined FSH and FAH with TL6 and TL13 decreased the MDA and H2O2 content by 75.6, 76.8, 70.0, and 76.4%, respectively, in comparison to the controls. In addition, the combined TL6 + FSH and TL6 + FAH increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) by 60.5, 64.7, and 60.3%, respectively, and 60.0, 64.9, and 56.6%, respectively, compared to the controls. Again, compared to the controls, the combined TL13 + FSH and TL13 + FAH increased the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT by 69.7, 68.6, and 65.6%, respectively, and 70.10, 69.5, and 65.8%, respectively. Our results suggest that the pretreatment of snow pea seeds with TL6 and TL13 increases snow pea seedling growth, controls FSH and FAH root rot, increases antioxidant enzyme activity, and activates plant defense mechanisms. The TL13 strain had the greatest performance in terms of pathogen inhibition and snow pea growth promotion compared to the TL6 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Afriyie Boakye
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Richard Osei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Solomon Boamah
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhang Min
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jin Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wanqiang Qiao
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Behiry SI, Al-Askar AA, Soliman SA, Alotibi FO, Basile A, Abdelkhalek A, Elsharkawy MM, Salem MZM, Hafez EE, Heflish AA. Plantago lagopus extract as a green fungicide induces systemic resistance against Rhizoctonia root rot disease in tomato plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:966929. [PMID: 36003819 PMCID: PMC9393307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.966929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of chemical control agents and fungicides typically leads to numerous risks to human health and the environment. Using plant extracts as natural substances represents a dual key for the environment and sustainable food production, as it reduces the input of synthetic pesticides into the environment and/or controls plant pathogens. For the first time, a Plantago lagopus ethanolic extract has been characterized and evaluated for its protective and curative effects against Rhizoctonia solani in tomato plants. The results showed that P. lagopus extract (10 μg/ml) completely inhibited R. solani mycelial growth in vitro. At 20 days of post fungal inoculation, the results demonstrated that using P. lagopus extract (100 μg/ml) in vivo enhanced tomato plant growth by significantly increasing shoot and root parameters in protective and curative treatments. Furthermore, the protective and curative treatments significantly reduced the disease index by 18.66 and 38.66%, respectively. Induction of systemic resistance with upregulation of PR-1 and PR-2 and a significant increase in the transcriptional levels of PR-3 and CHS in all P. lagopus extract-treated tomato plants were reported compared to untreated plants. HPLC analysis showed that the most common polyphenolic components detected in P. lagopus extract were rutin (74206.3 mg/kg), naringenin (2388.74 mg/kg), quercetin (1249.13 mg/kg), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1035.87 mg/kg). In addition, the ellagic acid (798.47 mg/kg), vanillic acid (752.55 mg/kg), catechol (648.89 mg/kg), cinnamic acid (332.51 mg/kg), ferulic acid (296.32 mg/kg), benzoic acid (295.95 mg/kg), and chlorogenic acid (116.63 mg/kg) were also reported. Our study is the first to show that P. lagopus extract can help plants fight off R. solani fungal infection. Furthermore, the findings imply that using the P. lagopus extract as a natural biocontrol agent could be a sustainable strategy to manage plant fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said I. Behiry
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham A. Soliman
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatimah O. Alotibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. M. Salem
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Heflish
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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