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Wang Q, Zhou F, Qiu T, Liu Y, Luo W, Wang Z, Li H, Xiao E, Wei Q, Wu Y. Scalable fabrication of porous membrane incorporating human extracellular matrix-like collagen for guided bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39373469 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an extensively used technique for the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects and bone mass deficiency in clinical practice. However, to date, studies on membranes for GBR have not achieved the combination of suitable properties and cost-effective membrane production. Herein, we developed a polycaprolactone/human extracellular matrix-like collagen (PCL/hCol) membrane with an asymmetric porous structure via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, which is a highly efficient procedure with simple operation, scalable fabrication and low cost. This membrane possessed a porous rough surface, which is conducive to cell attachment and proliferation for guiding osteogenesis, together with a relatively smooth surface with micropores, which allows the passage of nutrients and is unfavorable for the adhesion of cells, thus preventing fibroblast invasion and overall meeting the demands for GBR. Besides, we evaluated the characteristics and biological properties of the membrane and compared them with those of commercially available membranes. Results showed that the PCL/hCol membrane exhibited excellent mechanical properties, degradation characteristics, barrier function, biocompatibility and osteoinductive potential. Furthermore, our in vivo study demonstrated the promotive effect of the PCL/hCol membrane on bone formation in rat calvarial defects. Taken together, our NIPS-prepared PCL/hCol membrane with promising properties and production advantages offers a new perspective for its development and potential use in GBR application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiecheng Qiu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yiling Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - E Xiao
- Hunan Maybio Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Hunan Maybio Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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García G, Moreno-Serna V, Saavedra M, Cordoba A, Canales D, Alfaro A, Guzmán-Soria A, Orihuela P, Zapata S, Grande-Tovar CD, Valencia-Llano CH, Zapata PA. Electrospun scaffolds based on a PCL/starch blend reinforced with CaO nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132891. [PMID: 38848852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun nanocomposite scaffolds with improved bioactive and biological properties were fabricated from a blend of polycaprolactone (PCL) and starch, and then combined with 5 wt% of calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles sourced from eggshells. SEM analyses showed scaffolds with fibrillar morphology and a three-dimensional structure. The hydrophilicity of scaffolds was improved with starch and CaO nanoparticles, which was evidenced by enhanced water absorption (3500 %) for 7 days. In addition, PCL/Starch/CaO scaffolds exhibited major degradation, with a mass loss of approximately 60 % compared to PCL/Starch and PCL/CaO. The PCL/Starch/CaO scaffolds decreased in crystallinity as intermolecular interactions between the nanoparticles retarded the mobility of the polymeric chains, leading to a significant increase in Young's modulus (ca. 60 %) and a decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break, compared to neat PCL. SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XRD analyses indicated that PCL/Starch/CaO scaffolds presented a higher biomineralization capacity due to the ability to form hydroxyapatite (HA) in their surface after 28 days. The PCL/Starch/CaO scaffolds showed attractive biological performance, allowing cell adhesion and viability of M3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells. In vivo analysis using a subdermal dorsal model in Wistar rats showed superior biocompatibility and improved resorption process compared to a pure PCL matrix. This biological analysis suggested that the PCL/Starch/CaO electrospun mats are suitable scaffolds for guiding the regeneration of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile
| | - Viviana Moreno-Serna
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Marcela Saavedra
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile
| | - Alexander Cordoba
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile
| | - Daniel Canales
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Aline Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Guzmán-Soria
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile; Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Orihuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Zapata
- Universidad EIA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación, Grupo GIICA, Envigado, Colombia
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación en Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 # 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | | | - Paula A Zapata
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Grupo Polímeros, Chile
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3
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Yang H, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Li C, Lai JHC, Zhang Q, Chan KWY, Wang H, Zhao X, Yang Z, Xu C. Enhanced angiogenesis in porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds fortified with methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel after subcutaneous transplantation. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2024; 5:59-68. [PMID: 39220667 PMCID: PMC11362355 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A composite scaffold composed of a porous scaffold and hydrogel filling can facilitate engraftment, survival, and retention in cell transplantation processes. This study presents a composite scaffold made of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) hydrogel and describes the corresponding physical properties (surface area, porosity, and mechanical strength) and host response (angiogenesis and fibrosis) after subcutaneous transplantation. Specifically, we synthesise MeHA with different degrees of substitution and fabricate a PCL scaffold with different porosities. Subsequently, we construct a series of PCL/MeHA composite scaffolds by combining these hydrogels and scaffolds. In experiments with mice, the scaffold composed of 3% PCL and 10-100 kDa, degree of substitution 70% MeHA results in the least fibrosis and a higher degree of angiogenesis. This study highlights the potential of PCL/MeHA composite scaffolds for subcutaneous cell transplantation, given their desirable physical properties and host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuyue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chaochang Li
- Center for Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Engineering, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joseph Ho Chi Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qizheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kannie WY Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center for Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Engineering, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Center for Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and Engineering, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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4
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Del-Mazo-Barbara L, Johansson L, Tampieri F, Ginebra MP. Toughening 3D printed biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Polycaprolactone-based self-hardening inks. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:506-524. [PMID: 38360290 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The application of 3D printing to calcium phosphates has opened unprecedented possibilities for the fabrication of personalized bone grafts. However, their biocompatibility and bioactivity are counterbalanced by their high brittleness. In this work we aim at overcoming this problem by developing a self-hardening ink containing reactive ceramic particles in a polycaprolactone solution instead of the traditional approach that use hydrogels as binders. The presence of polycaprolactone preserved the printability of the ink and was compatible with the hydrolysis-based hardening process, despite the absence of water in the ink and its hydrophobicity. The microstructure evolved from a continuous polymeric phase with loose ceramic particles to a continuous network of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals intertwined with the polymer, in a configuration radically different from the polymer/ceramic composites obtained by fused deposition modelling. This resulted in the evolution from a ductile behavior, dominated by the polymer, to a stiffer behavior as the ceramic phase reacted. The polycaprolactone binder provides two highly relevant benefits compared to hydrogel-based inks. First, the handleability and elasticity of the as-printed scaffolds, together with the proven possibility of eliminating the solvent, opens the door to implanting the scaffolds freshly printed once lyophilized, while in a ductile state, and the hardening process to take place inside the body, as in the case of calcium phosphate cements. Second, even with a hydroxyapatite content of more than 92 wt.%, the flexural strength and toughness of the scaffolds after hardening are twice and five times those of the all-ceramic scaffolds obtained with the hydrogel-based inks, respectively. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Overcoming the brittleness of ceramic scaffolds would extend the applicability of synthetic bone grafts to high load-bearing situations. In this work we developed a 3D printing ink by replacing the conventional hydrogel binder with a water-free polycaprolactone solution. The presence of polycaprolactone not only enhanced significantly the strength and toughness of the scaffolds while keeping the proportion of bioactive ceramic phase larger than 90 wt.%, but it also conferred flexibility and manipulability to the as-printed scaffolds. Since they are able to harden upon contact with water under physiological conditions, this opens up the possibility of implanting them immediately after printing, while they are still in a ductile state, with clear advantages for fixation and press-fit in the bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Del-Mazo-Barbara
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linh Johansson
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Aydin M, Sahin M, Dogan Z, Kiziltas G. Microstructural Characterization of PCL-HA Bone Scaffolds Based on Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47595-47605. [PMID: 38144070 PMCID: PMC10734037 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials containing pores play a crucial role in the field of bone tissue engineering. The nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique, commonly used for manufacturing membranes, has proven to be an effective method for fabricating composite scaffolds with tunable porosity. To explore this potential, we produced 10% (w/v) poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-nanohydroxyapatite (HA) composite porous film scaffolds with varying HA contents (0/10/15/20 wt %) and two thicknesses (corresponding to 1 and 2 mL of solution resulting in 800-900 and 1600-1800 μm thickness, respectively) using the NIPS method. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of how the internal microstructure and surface characteristics of these scaffolds varied based on their composition and thickness. In particular, for each scaffold, we analyzed overall porosity, pore size distribution, pore shape, and degree of anisotropy as well as mechanical behaviors. Micro-CT and SEM analyses revealed that PCL-HA scaffolds with various HA contents possessed micro (<100 μm) scale porosity due to the NIPS method. Greater thicknesses typically resulted in larger average pore sizes and greater overall porosity. However, unlike in thinner scaffolds, greater/higher HA content did not exhibit a direct correlation with a greater pore size for thicker scaffolds. In thinner scaffolds, adding HA above an effective threshold content of 15 wt % and beyond did lead to a greater pore size. The higher pore anisotropy was in line with the higher HA content for both groups. SEM images demonstrated that both groups showed highly uniformly distributed internal microporous morphology regardless of HA content and thickness. The results suggest that NIPS-based scaffolds hold promise for bone tissue engineering but that the optimal HA content and thickness should be carefully considered based on desired porosity and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet
Serhat Aydin
- Department
of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center
for Translational Oral Research (TOR), Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Mervenaz Sahin
- Department
of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Dogan
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering
and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gullu Kiziltas
- Department
of Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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6
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Stafin K, Śliwa P, Piątkowski M. Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16180. [PMID: 38003368 PMCID: PMC10671727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone is a unique type of bone, and the goal of bone tissue engineering (BTE) is to develop methods to facilitate its regeneration. Currently, an emerging trend involves the fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to enhance an osteoconductive architecture. These scaffolds are further modified with hydroxyapatite (HA), type I collagen (CGI), or chitosan (CS) to impart high osteoinductive potential. In conjunction with cell therapy, these scaffolds may serve as an appealing alternative to bone autografts. This review discusses research gaps in the designing of 3D-printed PCL-based scaffolds from a biomimetic perspective. The article begins with a systematic analysis of biological mineralisation (biomineralisation) and ossification to optimise the scaffold's structural, mechanical, degradation, and surface properties. This scaffold-designing strategy lays the groundwork for developing a research pathway that spans fundamental principles such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fabrication techniques. Ultimately, this paves the way for systematic in vitro and in vivo studies, leading to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stafin
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Śliwa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Marek Piątkowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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7
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Solechan S, Suprihanto A, Widyanto SA, Triyono J, Fitriyana DF, Siregar JP, Cionita T. Characterization of PLA/PCL/Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA) Biocomposites Prepared via Cold Isostatic Pressing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030559. [PMID: 36771860 PMCID: PMC9919168 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite has the closest chemical composition to human bone. Despite this, the use of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to produce biocomposite scaffolds from a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) using cold isostatic pressing has not been studied intensively. In this study, biocomposites were created employing nHA as an osteoconductive filler and a polymeric blend of PLA and PCL as a polymer matrix for prospective usage in the medical field. Cold isostatic pressing and subsequent sintering were used to create composites with different nHA concentrations that ranged from 0 to 30 weight percent. Using physical and mechanical characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and density, porosity, tensile, and flexural standard tests, it was determined how the nHA concentrations affected the biocomposite's general properties. In this study, the presence of PLA, PCL, and nHA was well identified using FTIR, XRD, and SEM methods. The biocomposites with high nHA content showed intense bands for symmetric stretching and the asymmetric bending vibration of PO43-. The incorporation of nHA into the polymeric blend matrix resulted in a rather irregular structure and the crystallization became more difficult. The addition of nHA improved the density and tensile and flexural strength of the PLA/PCL matrix (0% nHA). However, with increasing nHA content, the PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites became more porous. In addition, the density, flexural strength, and tensile strength of the PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites decreased with increasing nHA concentration. The PLA/PCL/nHA biocomposites with 10% nHA had the highest mechanical properties with a density of 1.39 g/cm3, a porosity of 1.93%, a flexural strength of 55.35 MPa, and a tensile strength of 30.68 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solechan Solechan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Kampus Kasipah, Semarang 50254, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Agus Suprihanto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Susilo Adi Widyanto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Joko Triyono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
| | - Deni Fajar Fitriyana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Januar Parlaungan Siregar
- Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia
| | - Tezara Cionita
- Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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8
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Singh N, Batra U, Kumar K, Ahuja N, Mahapatro A. Progress in bioactive surface coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys: A critical review towards clinical translation. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:717-757. [PMID: 35633903 PMCID: PMC9117289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mg and its alloys evince strong candidature for biodegradable bone implants, cardiovascular stents, and wound closing devices. However, their rapid degradation rate causes premature implant failure, constraining clinical applications. Bio-functional surface coatings have emerged as the most competent strategy to fulfill the diverse clinical requirements, besides yielding effective corrosion resistance. This article reviews the progress of biodegradable and advanced surface coatings on Mg alloys investigated in recent years, aiming to build up a comprehensive knowledge framework of coating techniques, processing parameters, performance measures in terms of corrosion resistance, adhesion strength, and biocompatibility. Recently developed conversion and deposition type surface coatings are thoroughly discussed by reporting their essential therapeutic responses like osteogenesis, angiogenesis, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, anti-bacterial, and controlled drug release towards in-vitro and in-vivo study models. The challenges associated with metallic, ceramic and polymeric coatings along with merits and demerits of various coatings have been illustrated. The use of multilayered hybrid coating comprising a unique combination of organic and inorganic components has been emphasized with future perspectives to obtain diverse bio-functionalities in a facile single coating system for orthopedic implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Singh
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Uma Batra
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Neeraj Ahuja
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil Mahapatro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, 67260, United States
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9
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Cao Y, Sun L, Liu Z, Shen Z, Jia W, Hou P, Sang S. 3D printed-electrospun PCL/hydroxyapatite/MWCNTs scaffolds for the repair of subchondral bone. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac104. [PMID: 36683741 PMCID: PMC9847519 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defect caused by trauma or osteoarthritis exhibits a major challenge in clinical treatment with limited symptomatic effects at present. The regeneration and remodeling of subchondral bone play a positive effect on cartilage regeneration and further promotes the repair of osteochondral defects. Making use of the strengths of each preparation method, the combination of 3D printing and electrospinning is a promising method for designing and constructing multi-scale scaffolds that mimic the complexity and hierarchical structure of subchondral bone at the microscale and nanoscale, respectively. In this study, the 3D printed-electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/nano-hydroxyapatites/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PCL/nHA/MWCNTs) scaffolds were successfully constructed by the combination of electrospinning and layer-by-layer 3D printing. The resulting dual-scale scaffold consisted of a dense layer of disordered nanospun fibers and a porous microscale 3D scaffold layer to support and promote the ingrowth of subchondral bone. Herein, the biomimetic PCL/nHA/MWCNTs scaffolds enhanced cell seeding efficiency and allowed for higher cell-cell interactions that supported the adhesion, proliferation, activity, morphology and subsequently improved the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Together, this study elucidates that the construction of 3D printed-electrospun PCL/nHA/MWCNTs scaffolds provides an alternative strategy for the regeneration of subchondral bone and lays a foundation for subsequent in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wendan Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Peiyi Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China,Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
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10
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Vásquez‐López C, Castillo‐Ortega MM, Chan‐Chan LH, Lagarda‐Díaz I, Giraldo‐Betancur AL, Rodríguez‐Félix DE, Encinas‐Encinas JC, Martínez‐Barbosa ME, Cadenas‐Pliego G, Cauich‐Rodríguez JV, Herrera‐Franco PJ. Polyurethane electrospun membranes with
hydroxyapatite‐vancomycin
for potential application in bone tissue engineering and drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vásquez‐López
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales Universidad de Sonora Rosales and Blvrd. Luis Encinas Hermosillo Mexico
| | - Maria Monica Castillo‐Ortega
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales Universidad de Sonora Rosales and Blvrd. Luis Encinas Hermosillo Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Dora Evelia Rodríguez‐Félix
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales Universidad de Sonora Rosales and Blvrd. Luis Encinas Hermosillo Mexico
| | - Jose Carmelo Encinas‐Encinas
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales Universidad de Sonora Rosales and Blvrd. Luis Encinas Hermosillo Mexico
| | - Maria Elisa Martínez‐Barbosa
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales Universidad de Sonora Rosales and Blvrd. Luis Encinas Hermosillo Mexico
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11
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Kodali D, Hembrick-Holloman V, Gunturu DR, Samuel T, Jeelani S, Rangari VK. Influence of Fish Scale-Based Hydroxyapatite on Forcespun Polycaprolactone Fiber Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8323-8335. [PMID: 35309494 PMCID: PMC8928498 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine waste byproducts, especially fish scales, have proved to be one of the most prominent sources for developing sustainable materials for various applications including biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), being one of such biomaterials that can be synthesized from the massive fish-based waste, has received plentitude of attention due to its excellent ability to promote cell growth and proliferation. However, understanding the influence of HAp on polymer matrices that are tailored for biomedical applications is still a challenge. This study is intended to develop a sophisticated yet inexpensive method to obtain nonwoven polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds and analyze the influence of calcium-deficient nanoporous hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) on the thermal, mechanical, and biological properties of these scaffolds. The n-HAp is synthesized using two different types of fish scales, carpa (CA) and pink perch (PP), by calcination followed by nanomilling. The synthesized n-HAp powder is characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PCL fibrous scaffolds were developed using a novel forcespinning technique with n-HAp as the filler. The morphology of the scaffolds was characterized using SEM and Raman spectroscopy. SEM and TEM results have confirmed the size reduction of the HAp powder after nanomilling. Thermal properties were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The major degradation temperature has increased by 3° and was observed to be 398° for 1 wt % filler loading for both carpa and pink perch-derived n-HAp. The increase in filler content has increased the residue left after decomposition and is 4% for 5 wt % filler loading. The crystallinity percent has increased by 7% compared to neat fibers for 1 wt % filler loading. Mechanical properties were tested using tensile tests. The tensile test strength has shown 32% improvement for 1 wt % compared to neat fibers. Cell viability tests were performed using hFOB cells which have shown significant cell growth for a high filler loading of 5 wt %. The results suggest that both CA-n-HAP and PP-n-Hap-incorporated fibrous scaffolds can be used potentially for biomedical applications after careful investigation of the scaffold behavior with longer incubation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kodali
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, Tuskegee
University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Vincent Hembrick-Holloman
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, Tuskegee
University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Dilip Reddy Gunturu
- College
of Veterinary Medicine Nursing and Allied Health, Pathobiology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- College
of Veterinary Medicine Nursing and Allied Health, Pathobiology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Shaik Jeelani
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, Tuskegee
University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Vijaya K. Rangari
- Department
of Materials Science Engineering, Tuskegee
University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
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12
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Rezania N, Asadi-Eydivand M, Abolfathi N, Bonakdar S, Mehrjoo M, Solati-Hashjin M. Three-dimensional printing of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite bone tissue engineering scaffolds mechanical properties and biological behavior. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:31. [PMID: 35267105 PMCID: PMC8913482 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlled pore size and desirable internal architecture of bone scaffolds play a significant role in bone regeneration efficiency. In addition to choosing appropriate materials, the manufacturing method is another significant factor in fabricating the ideal scaffold. In this study, scaffolds were designed and fabricated by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and composites films with various percentages of hydroxyapatite (HA) (up to 20%wt) were used to fabricate filaments. The influence of (HA) addition on the mechanical properties of filaments and scaffolds was investigated. in vitro biological evaluation was examined as well as the apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF). The addition of HA particles increased the compressive strength and Young's modulus of filaments and consequently the scaffolds. Compared to PCL, Young's modulus of PCL/HA20% filament and three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffold has increased by 30% and 50%, respectively. Also, Young's modulus for all scaffolds was in the range of 30-70 MPa, which is appropriate to use in spongy bone. Besides, the MTT assay was utilized to evaluate cell viability on the scaffolds. All the samples had qualified cytocompatibility, and it would be anticipated that addition of HA particles raise the biocompatibility in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) evaluation shows that the addition of HA caused higher ALP activity in the PCL/HA scaffolds than PCL. Furthermore, calcium deposition in the PCL/HA specimens is higher than control. In conclusion, the addition of HA particles into the PCL matrix, as well as utilizing an inexpensive commercial FFF device, lead to the fabrication of scaffolds with proper mechanical and biological properties for bone tissue engineering applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghme Rezania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Asadi-Eydivand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- ZistnegarAmirkabirLtd, Hafez Ave, Tehran, 1591639802, Iran.
| | - Nabiollah Abolfathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- Iran National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mehrjoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Iran National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- ZistnegarAmirkabirLtd, Hafez Ave, Tehran, 1591639802, Iran
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13
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Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue bioengineering cartilages. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Supercritical Foaming and Impregnation of Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Composites with Carvacrol. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) scaffolds were produced by foaming in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 20 MPa, as well as in one-step foaming and impregnation process using carvacrol as an antibacterial agent with proven activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The experimental design was developed to study the influence of temperature (40 °C and 50 °C), HA content (10 and 20 wt.%), and depressurization rate (one and two-step decompression) on the foams’ morphology, porosity, pore size distribution, and carvacrol impregnation yield. The characterization of the foams was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SEM-FIB), Gay-Lussac density bottle measurements, and Fourier–transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The obtained results demonstrate that processing PCL and PCL-HA scaffolds by means of scCO2 foaming enables preparing foams with porosity in the range of 65.55–74.39% and 61.98–67.13%, at 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The presence of carvacrol led to a lower porosity. At 40 °C and one-step decompression at a slow rate, the porosity of impregnated scaffolds was higher than at 50 °C and two- step fast decompression. However, a narrower pore size distribution was obtained at the last processing conditions. PCL scaffolds with HA resulted in higher carvacrol impregnation yields than neat PCL foams. The highest carvacrol loading (10.57%) was observed in the scaffold with 10 wt.% HA obtained at 50 °C.
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15
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Wang F, Tankus EB, Santarella F, Rohr N, Sharma N, Märtin S, Michalscheck M, Maintz M, Cao S, Thieringer FM. Fabrication and Characterization of PCL/HA Filament as a 3D Printing Material Using Thermal Extrusion Technology for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040669. [PMID: 35215595 PMCID: PMC8879030 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common three-dimensional (3D) printing method is material extrusion, where a pre-made filament is deposited layer-by-layer. In recent years, low-cost polycaprolactone (PCL) material has increasingly been used in 3D printing, exhibiting a sufficiently high quality for consideration in cranio-maxillofacial reconstructions. To increase osteoconductivity, prefabricated filaments for bone repair based on PCL can be supplemented with hydroxyapatite (HA). However, few reports on PCL/HA composite filaments for material extrusion applications have been documented. In this study, solvent-free fabrication for PCL/HA composite filaments (HA 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% weight/weight PCL) was addressed, and parameters for scaffold fabrication in a desktop 3D printer were confirmed. Filaments and scaffold fabrication temperatures rose with increased HA content. The pore size and porosity of the six groups’ scaffolds were similar to each other, and all had highly interconnected structures. Six groups’ scaffolds were evaluated by measuring the compressive strength, elastic modulus, water contact angle, and morphology. A higher amount of HA increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity compared to PCL scaffolds. The increase in HA content improved the compressive strength and elastic modulus. The obtained data provide the basis for the biological evaluation and future clinical applications of PCL/HA material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengze Wang
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Esma Bahar Tankus
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santarella
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Rohr
- Biomaterials and Technology, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Neha Sharma
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Clinic of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Märtin
- Biomaterials and Technology, Department of Research, University Center of Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Mirja Michalscheck
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Clinic of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Maintz
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Shuaishuai Cao
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (F.M.T.)
| | - Florian M. Thieringer
- MIRACLE Smart Implants Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (F.W.); (E.B.T.); (F.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Clinic of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (F.M.T.)
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16
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Same S, Kadkhoda J, Navidi G, Abedi F, Aghazadeh M, Milani M, Akbarzadeh A, Davaran S. The fabrication of halloysite nanotube-based multicomponent hydrogel scaffolds for bone healing. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221111875. [PMID: 35906767 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering, as an alternative for common available therapeutic approaches, has been developed to focus on reconstructing of the missing tissues and restoring their functionality. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite scaffolds of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCEC/Gel) were prepared by freeze-drying method. Biocompatible nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) powders were added to the polymer matrix aiming to combine the osteogenic activity of nHA or Fe3O4 with high mechanical strength of HNT. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods was utilized to characterize the nanotube morphology of HNT as well as nanoparticles of Fe3O4 and nHA. Prepared scaffolds were characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and SEM methods. In addition, the physical behavior of scaffolds was evaluated to explore the influence of HNT on the physicochemical properties of composites. Cell viability and attachment were investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and SEM on human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-DPSCs) in-vitro. Cell proliferation was observed without any cytotoxicity effect on h-DPSCs for all examined scaffolds. Alizarin red (ARS) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining were carried out to determine the osteoconductivity of scaffolds. The data demonstrated that all PCEC/Gel/HNT hydrogel scaffolds supported osteoblast differentiation of hDPSCs with moderate effects on cell proliferation. Moreover, PCEC/Gel/HNT/nHA with proper mechanical strength showed better biological activity compared to PCEC/Gel/HNT/Fe3O4 and PCEC/Gel/HNT scaffolds. Therefore, this study suggested that with proper fillers content, PCEC/Gel/HNT nanocomposite hydrogels alone or in a complex with nHA, Fe3O4 could be a suitable candidate for hard tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Same
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Kadkhoda
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golnaz Navidi
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abedi
- Clinical Research Development, Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Aghazadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Daghrery A, Ferreira JA, de Souza Araújo IJ, Clarkson BH, Eckert GJ, Bhaduri SB, Malda J, Bottino MC. A Highly Ordered, Nanostructured Fluorinated CaP-Coated Melt Electrowritten Scaffold for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101152. [PMID: 34342173 PMCID: PMC8568633 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory, bacteria-triggered disorder affecting nearly half of American adults. Although some level of tissue regeneration is realized, its low success in complex cases demands superior strategies to amplify regenerative capacity. Herein, highly ordered scaffolds are engineered via Melt ElectroWriting (MEW), and the effects of strand spacing, as well as the presence of a nanostructured fluorinated calcium phosphate (F/CaP) coating on the adhesion/proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human-derived periodontal ligament stem cells, are investigated. Upon initial cell-scaffold interaction screening aimed at defining the most suitable design, MEW poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with 500 µm strand spacing are chosen. Following an alkali treatment, scaffolds are immersed in a pre-established solution to allow for coating formation. The presence of a nanostructured F/CaP coating leads to a marked upregulation of osteogenic genes and attenuated bacterial growth. In vivo findings confirm that the F/CaP-coated scaffolds are biocompatible and lead to periodontal regeneration when implanted in a rat mandibular periodontal fenestration defect model. In aggregate, it is considered that this work can contribute to the development of personalized scaffolds capable of enabling tissue-specific differentiation of progenitor cells, and thus guide simultaneous and coordinated regeneration of soft and hard periodontal tissues, while providing antimicrobial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica A Ferreira
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian H Clarkson
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sarit B Bhaduri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- EEC Division, Directorate of Engineering, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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18
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Moghaddaszadeh A, Seddiqi H, Najmoddin N, Abbasi Ravasjani S, Klein-Nulend J. Biomimetic 3D-printed PCL scaffold containing a high concentration carbonated-nanohydroxyapatite with immobilized-collagen for bone tissue engineering: enhanced bioactivity and physicomechanical characteristics. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34670200 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A challenging approach of three-dimensional (3D)-biomimetic scaffold design for bone tissue engineering is to improve scaffold bioactivity and mechanical properties. We aimed to design and fabricate 3D-polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposite scaffold containing a high concentration homogeneously distributed carbonated-nanohydroxyapatite (C-nHA)-particles in combination with immobilized-collagen to mimic real bone properties. PCL-scaffolds without/with C-nHA at 30%, 45%, and 60% (wt/wt) were 3D-printed. PCL/C-nHA60%-scaffolds were surface-modified by NaOH-treatment and collagen-immobilization. Physicomechanical and biological properties were investigated experimentally and by finite-element (FE) modeling. Scaffold surface-roughness enhanced by increasing C-nHA (1.7 - 6.1-fold), but decreased by surface-modification (0.6-fold). The contact angle decreased by increasing C-nHA (0.9 - 0.7-fold), and by surface-modification (0.5-fold). The zeta potential decreased by increasing C-nHA (3.2-9.9-fold). Average elastic modulus, compressive strength, and reaction force enhanced by increasing C-nHA and by surface-modification. FE modeling revealed that von Mises stress distribution became less homogeneous by increasing C-nHA, and by surface-modification. Maximal von Mises stress for 2% compression strain in all scaffolds did not exceed yield stress for bulk-material. 3D-printed PCL/C-nHA60% with surface-modification enhanced pre-osteoblast spreading, proliferation, collagen deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization. In conclusion, a novel biomimetic 3D-printed PCL-scaffold containing a high concentration C-nHA with surface-modification was successfully fabricated. It exhibited superior physicomechanical and biological properties, making it a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghaddaszadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Seddiqi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, The Netherlands
| | - Najmeh Najmoddin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, The Netherlands
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19
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Comini S, Sparti R, Coppola B, Mohammadi M, Scutera S, Menotti F, Banche G, Cuffini AM, Palmero P, Allizond V. Novel Silver-Functionalized Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds Designed to Counteract Post-Surgical Infections in Orthopedic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10176. [PMID: 34576339 PMCID: PMC8471985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed and developed novel poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based biomaterials, for use as bone scaffolds, through modification with both biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), to impart bioactive/bioresorbable properties, and with silver nitrate, to provide antibacterial protection against Staphylococcus aureus, a microorganism involved in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the samples were characterized by square-shaped macropores, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of PCL and BCP phases, while inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) established the release of Ag+ in the medium (~0.15-0.8 wt% of initial Ag content). Adhesion assays revealed a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in both adherent and planktonic staphylococci on the Ag-functionalized biomaterials, and the presence of an inhibition halo confirmed Ag release from enriched samples. To assess the potential outcome in promoting bone integration, preliminary tests on sarcoma osteogenic-2 (Saos-2) cells indicated PCL and BCP/PCL biocompatibility, but a reduction in viability was observed for Ag-added biomaterials. Due to their combined biodegrading and antimicrobial properties, the silver-enriched BCP/PCL-based scaffolds showed good potential for engineering of bone tissue and for reducing PJIs as a microbial anti-adhesive tool used in the delivery of targeted antimicrobial molecules, even if the amount of silver needs to be tuned to improve osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Comini
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Rosaria Sparti
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Bartolomeo Coppola
- INSTM R.U. Lince Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- INSTM R.U. Lince Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Sara Scutera
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Menotti
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Giuliana Banche
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Cuffini
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Paola Palmero
- INSTM R.U. Lince Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (B.C.); (M.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Valeria Allizond
- Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.); (A.M.C.); (V.A.)
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Juan PK, Fan FY, Lin WC, Liao PB, Huang CF, Shen YK, Ruslin M, Lee CH. Bioactivity and Bone Cell Formation with Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Bioceramic 3D Porous Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2718. [PMID: 34451257 PMCID: PMC8401466 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applied poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), a biomedical ceramic powder as an additive (nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) or β-tricalcium diphosphate (β-TCP)), and sodium chloride (NaCl) and ammonium bicarbonate ((NH4)HCO3) as porogens; these stuffs were used as scaffold materials. An improved solvent-casting/particulate-leaching method was utilized to fabricate 3D porous scaffolds. In this study we examined the physical properties (elastic modulus, porosity, and contact angle) and degradation properties (weight loss and pH value) of the 3D porous scaffolds. Both nHA and β-TCP improved the mechanical properties (elastic modulus) of the 3D porous scaffolds. The elastic modulus (0.15~1.865 GPa) of the various composite scaffolds matched that of human cancellous bone (0.1~4.5 GPa). Osteoblast-like (MG63) cells were cultured, a microculture tetrazolium test (MTT) was conducted and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the 3D porous scaffolds was determined. Experimental results indicated that both nHA and β-TCP powder improved the hydrophilic properties of the scaffolds. The degradation rate of the scaffolds was accelerated by adding nHA or β-TCP. The MTT and ALP activity tests indicated that the scaffolds with a high ratio of nHA or β-TCP had excellent properties of in vitro biocompatibility (cell attachment and proliferation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Juan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-K.J.); (P.-B.L.)
| | - Fang-Yu Fan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Pei-Bang Liao
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-K.J.); (P.-B.L.)
| | - Chiung-Fang Huang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
- Division of Family and Operative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kang Shen
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (F.-Y.F.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Muhammad Ruslin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Chen-Han Lee
- Taiwan Society of Blood Biomaterials, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Murugan S, Parcha SR. Fabrication techniques involved in developing the composite scaffolds PCL/HA nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:93. [PMID: 34379204 PMCID: PMC8357662 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fine-tuned combination of scaffolds, biomolecules, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is used in tissue engineering to restore the function of injured bone tissue and overcome the complications associated with its regeneration. For two decades, biomaterials have attracted much interest in mimicking the native extracellular matrix of bone tissue. To this aim, several approaches based on biomaterials combined with MSCs have been amply investigated. Recently, hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have been incorporated with polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix as a suitable substitute for bone tissue engineering applications. This review article aims at providing a brief overview on PCL/HA composite scaffold fabrication techniques such as sol-gel, rapid prototyping, electro-spinning, particulate leaching, thermally induced phase separation, and freeze-drying, as suitable approaches for tailoring morphological, mechanical, and biodegradability properties of the scaffolds for bone tissues. Among these methods, the 3D plotting method shows improvements in pore architecture (pore size of ≥600 µm and porosity of 92%), mechanical properties (higher than 18.38 MPa), biodegradability, and good bioactivity in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Murugan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Parcha
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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Shape fidelity and sterility assessment of 3D printed polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite scaffolds. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite are widely used in tissue engineering (TE). They are fit to being processed with three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to create scaffolds with verifiable porosity. The current challenge is to guarantee the reliability and reproducibility of 3D printed scaffolds and to create sterile scaffolds which can be used for in vitro cell cultures. In this context it is important for successful cell culture, to have a protocol in order to evaluate the sterility of the printed scaffolds. We proposed a systematic approach to sterilise 90%PCL-10%HA pellets using a 3D bioprinter before starting the printing process. We evaluated the printability of PCL-HA composite and the shape fidelity of scaffolds printed with and without sterilised pellets varying infill pattern, and the sterility of 3D printed scaffolds following the method established by the United States Pharmacopoeia. Finally, the thermal analyses supported by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were useful to verify the stability of the sterilisation process in the PCL solid state with and without HA. The results show that the use of the 3D printer, according to the proposed protocol, allows to obtain sterile 3D PCL-HA scaffolds suitable for TE applications such as bone or cartilage repair.
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Lee H, Yoo JM, Nam SY. Additive Fabrication and Characterization of Biomimetic Composite Bone Scaffolds with High Hydroxyapatite Content. Gels 2021; 7:100. [PMID: 34449611 PMCID: PMC8395852 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence of bone defects following trauma or diseases in recent years, three-dimensional porous scaffolds fabricated using bioprinting technologies have been widely explored as effective alternatives to conventional bone grafts, which provide cell-friendly microenvironments promoting bone repair and regeneration. However, the limited use of biomaterials poses a significant challenge to the robust and accurate fabrication of bioprinted bone scaffolds that enable effective regeneration of the target tissues. Although bioceramic/polymer composites can provide tunable biomimetic conditions, their effects on the bioprinting process are unclear. Thus, in this study, we fabricated hydroxyapatite (HA)/gelatin composite scaffolds containing large weight fractions of HA using extrusion-based bioprinting, with the aim to provide an adequate biomimetic environment for bone tissue regeneration with compositional and mechanical similarity to the natural bone matrix. The overall features of the bioprinted HA/gelatin composite scaffolds, including rheological, morphological, physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties, were quantitatively assessed to determine the optimal conditions for both fabrication and therapeutic efficiency. The present results show that the bioprinted bioceramic/hydrogel scaffolds possess excellent shape fidelity; mechanical strength comparable to that of native bone; and enhanced bioactivity in terms of cell proliferation, attachment, and osteogenic differentiation. This study provides a suitable alternative direction for the fabrication of bioceramic/hydrogel-based scaffolds for bone repair based on bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyeol Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (H.L.); (J.M.Y.)
| | - Jin Myoung Yoo
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (H.L.); (J.M.Y.)
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (H.L.); (J.M.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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Influence of Build Orientation, Geometry and Artificial Saliva Aging on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Poly(ε-caprolactone). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123335. [PMID: 34208779 PMCID: PMC8235663 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of polymers has evolved from rapid prototyping to the production of functional components/parts with applications in distinct areas, ranging from health to aeronautics. The possibility of producing complex customized geometries with less environmental impact is one of the critical factors that leveraged the exponential growth of this processing technology. Among the several processing parameters that influence the properties of the parts, the geometry (shape factor) is amid less reported. Considering the geometric complexity of the mouth, including the uniqueness of each teething, this study can contribute to a better understanding of the performance of polymeric devices used in the oral environment for preventive, restorative, and regenerative therapies. Thus, this work aims to evaluate 3D printed poly(ε-caprolactone) mechanical properties with different build orientations and geometries. Longitudinal and transversal toolpaths produced specimens with parallelepiped and tubular geometry. Moreover, as it is intended to develop devices for dentistry, the influence of artificial saliva on mechanical properties was determined. The research concluded that the best mechanical properties are obtained for parallelepiped geometry with a longitudinal impression and that aging in artificial saliva negatively influences all the mechanical properties evaluated in this study.
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Karimipour-Fard P, Jeffrey MP, JonesTaggart H, Pop-Iliev R, Rizvi G. Development, processing and characterization of Polycaprolactone/Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitin-Nano-Whisker nanocomposite filaments for additive manufacturing of bone tissue scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104583. [PMID: 34062373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on utilizing the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) to manufacture Polycaprolactone/Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitin-Nano-Whisker nanocomposite scaffolds and their subsequent characterization for biomedical applications. FDM nanocomposite filaments were manufactured in multiple nanocomposite formulations of Polycaprolactone/Nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA), Polycaprolactone/Chitin-Nano-Whisker (CNW), and Polycaprolactone/nHA/CNW using a green method. The FDM processing conditions were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array method. The mechanical, biodegradation, and biocompatibility properties of the bone tissue scaffolds were assessed. A preosteoblast mouse bone cell line was used for cell proliferation and attachment assays. The results indicated that CNW content in the filaments slightly increases the mechanical properties of the 3D printed parts, and the nanocomposite with 3% CNW content exhibited significant improvement in the cell proliferation and attachment properties of the scaffolds. The nHA content considerably improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. The nHA and CNW nanofillers increased the biodegradation rate of PCL. In general, considering all types of responses, a green manufactured nanocomposite of PCL/nHA/CNW can significantly increase the biological and mechanical properties of the 3D printed products for bone tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Karimipour-Fard
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael P Jeffrey
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holly JonesTaggart
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada
| | - Remon Pop-Iliev
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghaus Rizvi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Solvent evaporation induced fabrication of porous polycaprolactone scaffold via low-temperature 3D printing for regeneration medicine researches. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zimmerling A, Yazdanpanah Z, Cooper DML, Johnston JD, Chen X. 3D printing PCL/nHA bone scaffolds: exploring the influence of material synthesis techniques. Biomater Res 2021; 25:3. [PMID: 33499957 PMCID: PMC7836567 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that a number of parameters can influence the post-printing properties of bone tissue scaffolds. Previous research has primarily focused on the effect of parameters associated with scaffold design (e.g., scaffold porosity) and specific scaffold printing processes (e.g., printing pressure). To our knowledge, no studies have investigated variations in post-printing properties attributed to the techniques used to synthesize the materials for printing (e.g., melt-blending, powder blending, liquid solvent, and solid solvent). Methods Four material preparation techniques were investigated to determine their influence on scaffold properties. Polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite 30% (wt.) materials were synthesized through melt-blending, powder blending, liquid solvent, and solid solvent techniques. The material printability and the properties of printed scaffolds, in terms of swelling/degradation, mechanical strength, morphology, and thermal properties, were examined and compared to one another using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical analysis. Results Material prepared through the liquid solvent technique was found to have limited printability, while melt-blended material demonstrated the highest degree of uniformity and lowest extent of swelling and degradation. Scaffolds prepared with powder-blended material demonstrated the highest Young’s modulus, yield strength, and modulus of resilience; however, they also demonstrated the highest degree of variability. The higher degree of inhomogeneity in the material was further supported by thermal gravimetric analysis. While scaffolds printed from melt-blended, powder-blended, and solid solvent materials demonstrated a high degree of micro-porosity, the liquid solvent material preparation technique resulted in minimal micro-porosity. Conclusions Study results indicate that specific techniques used to prepare materials influence the printing process and post-printing scaffold properties. Among the four techniques examined, melt-blended materials were found to be the most favorable, specifically when considering the combination of printability, consistent mechanical properties, and efficient preparation. Techniques determined to be favourable based on the properties investigated should undergo further studies related to biological properties and time-dependent properties beyond 21-days. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-021-00204-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Zahra Yazdanpanah
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - James D Johnston
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Doyle SE, Henry L, McGennisken E, Onofrillo C, Bella CD, Duchi S, O’Connell CD, Pirogova E. Characterization of Polycaprolactone Nanohydroxyapatite Composites with Tunable Degradability Suitable for Indirect Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:295. [PMID: 33477660 PMCID: PMC7831941 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradable bone implants are designed to foster the complete regeneration of natural tissue after large-scale loss trauma. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are promising scaffold materials with superior mechanical and osteoinductive properties compared to the single materials. However, producing three-dimensional (3D) structures with high HA content as well as tuneable degradability remains a challenge. To address this issue and create homogeneously distributed PCL-nanoHA (nHA) scaffolds with tuneable degradation rates through both PCL molecular weight and nHA concentration, we conducted a detailed characterisation and comparison of a range of PCL-nHA composites across three molecular weight PCLs (14, 45, and 80 kDa) and with nHA content up to 30% w/w. In general, the addition of nHA results in an increase of viscosity for the PCL-nHA composites but has little effect on their compressive modulus. Importantly, we observe that the addition of nHA increases the rate of degradation compared to PCL alone. We show that the 45 and 80 kDa PCL-nHA groups can be fabricated via indirect 3D printing and have homogenously distributed nHA even after fabrication. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the composite materials is evaluated for the 45 and 80 kDa groups, with the results showing no significant change in cell number compared to the control. In conclusion, our analyses unveil several features that are crucial for processing the composite material into a tissue engineered implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Doyle
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Lauren Henry
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Ellen McGennisken
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Cathal D. O’Connell
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (C.O.); (C.D.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Elena Pirogova
- Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.E.D.); (L.H.); (E.M.)
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Kim Y, Lee EJ, Davydov AV, Frukhbeyen S, Seppala JE, Takagi S, Chow L, Alimperti S. Biofabrication of 3D printed hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33254152 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abcf03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication has been adapted in engineering patient-specific biosynthetic grafts for bone regeneration. Herein, we developed a 3D high-resolution, room-temperature printing approach to fabricate osteoconductive scaffolds using calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The non-aqueous CPC bioinks were composed of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), and Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) dissolved in either ethanol (EtOH) or Tetrahydrofuran (THF). They were printed in an aqueous sodium phosphate bath, which performs as a hardening accelerator for hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and as a retainer for 3D microstructure. The PVB solvents, EtOH or THF, affected differently the slurry rheological properties, scaffold microstructure, mechanical properties, and osteoconductivity. Our proposed approach overcomes limitations of conventional fabrication methods, which require high-temperature (> 50 oC), low-resolution (> 400 μm) printing with an inadequate amount of large ceramic particles (> 35 μm). This proof-of-concept study opens venues in engineering high-resolution, implantable, and osteoconductive scaffolds with predetermined properties for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoontae Kim
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Albert V Davydov
- Metallurgy Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Stanislav Frukhbeyen
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Jonathan E Seppala
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Shozo Takagi
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Laurence Chow
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
| | - Stella Alimperti
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, MD 20899, UNITED STATES
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Wasyłeczko M, Sikorska W, Chwojnowski A. Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E348. [PMID: 33212901 PMCID: PMC7698415 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. Currently, many scaffolds are undergoing scientific and clinical research. A key for appropriate scaffolding is the assurance of a temporary cellular environment that allows the cells to function as in native tissue. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including appropriate architecture and physicochemical and biological properties. This is necessary for proper cell growth, which is associated with the adequate regeneration of cartilage. This paper presents a review of the development of scaffolds from synthetic polymers and hybrid materials employed for the engineering of cartilage tissue and regenerative medicine. Initially, general information on articular cartilage and an overview of the clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects are presented. Then, the requirements for scaffolds in regenerative medicine, materials intended for membranes, and methods for obtaining them are briefly described. We also describe the hybrid materials that combine the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers, which provide better properties for the scaffold. The last part of the article is focused on scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering that have been confirmed by undergoing preclinical and clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wasyłeczko
- Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Trojdena 4 str., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.C.)
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Gong L, Li J, Zhang J, Pan Z, Liu Y, Zhou F, Hong Y, Hu Y, Gu Y, Ouyang H, Zou X, Zhang S. An interleukin-4-loaded bi-layer 3D printed scaffold promotes osteochondral regeneration. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:246-260. [PMID: 33007484 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing or other techniques have been used to repair osteochondral defects. However, it remains a challenge to regenerate the articular cartilage and subchondral bone simultaneously with higher performance. In the present study, we enhanced the repair efficiency of osteochondral defects by developing a bi-layer scaffold: an interleukin-4 (IL-4)-loaded radially oriented gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) scaffold printed with digital light processing (DLP) in the upper layer and a porous polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA) scaffold printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) in the lower layer. An in vitro test showed that both layers supported cell adhesion and proliferation, as the lower layer promoted osteogenic differentiation and the upper layer with IL-4 relieved the negative effects of inflammation on murine chondrocytes, which were induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and M1 macrophages. In a rabbit osteochondral defect repair model, the IL-4-loaded bi-layer scaffold group obtained the highest histological score (24 ± 2) compared to the nontreated (11 ± 1) and pure bi-layer scaffold (16 ± 1) groups after 16 weeks of implantation, which showed that the IL-4-loaded bi-layer scaffold promoted regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone with increased formation of neocartilage and neobone tissues. Thus, the IL-4-loaded bi-layer scaffold is an attractive candidate for repair and regeneration of osteochondral defects.
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Biggemann J, Müller P, Köllner D, Simon S, Hoffmann P, Heik P, Lee JH, Fey T. Hierarchical Surface Texturing of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics: Influence on the Adhesive Bonding Strength of Polymeric Polycaprolactone. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040073. [PMID: 33023048 PMCID: PMC7712268 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tailored manipulation of ceramic surfaces gained recent interest to optimize the performance and lifetime of composite materials used as implants. In this work, a hierarchical surface texturing of hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics was developed to improve the poor adhesive bonding strength in hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone (HAp/PCL) composites. Four different types of periodic surface morphologies (grooves, cylindric pits, linear waves and Gaussian hills) were realized by a ceramic micro-transfer molding technique in the submillimeter range. A subsequent surface roughening and functionalization on a micron to nanometer scale was obtained by two different etchings with hydrochloric and tartaric acid. An ensuing silane coupling with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) enhanced the chemical adhesion between the HAp surface and PCL on the nanometer scale by the formation of dipole-dipole interactions and covalent bonds. The adhesive bonding strengths of the individual and combined surface texturings were investigated by performing single-lap compressive shear tests. All individual texturing types (macro, micro and nano) showed significantly improved HAp/PCL interface strengths compared to the non-textured HAp reference, based on an enhanced mechanical, physical and chemical adhesion. The independent effect mechanisms allow the deliberately hierarchical combination of all texturing types without negative influences. The hierarchical surface-textured HAp showed a 6.5 times higher adhesive bonding strength (7.7 ± 1.5 MPa) than the non-textured reference, proving that surface texturing is an attractive method to optimize the component adhesion in composites for potential medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Biggemann
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (T.F.); Tel.: +49-9131-8527561 (J.B.); +49-9131-8527546 (T.F.)
| | - Philipp Müller
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
| | - David Köllner
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
| | - Swantje Simon
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
| | - Patrizia Hoffmann
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
| | - Paula Heik
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
| | - Jung Heon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16149, Korea;
| | - Tobias Fey
- Department of Materials Science (Institute of Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (P.M.); (D.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (P.H.)
- Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (T.F.); Tel.: +49-9131-8527561 (J.B.); +49-9131-8527546 (T.F.)
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Immobilization of BMP-2 and VEGF within Multilayered Polydopamine-Coated Scaffolds and the Resulting Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergy of Co-Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6418. [PMID: 32899269 PMCID: PMC7503899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the fabrication of a polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold incorporating growth factors to be used for bone regeneration. Two growth factors were incorporated employing a multilayered coating based on polydopamine (PDA). In particular, Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was bound onto the inner PDA layer while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immobilized onto the outer one. Herein, the in vitro release of both growth factors is evaluated. A fastest VEGF delivery followed by a slow and more sustained release of BMP-2 was demonstrated, thus fitting the needs for bone tissue engineering applications. Due to the relevance of the crosstalk between bone-promoting and vessel-forming cells during bone healing, the functionalized scaffolds are further assessed on a co-culture setup of human mesenchymal stem cells and human endothelial progenitor cells. Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression analysis indicates a synergistic effect between the growth factor-loaded scaffolds and the co-culture conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed scaffolds hold great potential as an efficient platform for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Ana M. López-Periago
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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Cakmak AM, Unal S, Sahin A, Oktar FN, Sengor M, Ekren N, Gunduz O, Kalaskar DM. 3D Printed Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Bacterial Cellulose/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1962. [PMID: 32872547 PMCID: PMC7570222 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing application is a promising method for bone tissue engineering. For enhanced bone tissue regeneration, it is essential to have printable composite materials with appealing properties such as construct porous, mechanical strength, thermal properties, controlled degradation rates, and the presence of bioactive materials. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin (GEL), bacterial cellulose (BC), and different hydroxyapatite (HA) concentrations were used to fabricate a novel PCL/GEL/BC/HA composite scaffold using 3D printing method for bone tissue engineering applications. Pore structure, mechanical, thermal, and chemical analyses were evaluated. 3D scaffolds with an ideal pore size (~300 µm) for use in bone tissue engineering were generated. The addition of both bacterial cellulose (BC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) into PCL/GEL scaffold increased cell proliferation and attachment. PCL/GEL/BC/HA composite scaffolds provide a potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Cakmak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.M.C.); (S.U.); (F.N.O.)
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Semra Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.M.C.); (S.U.); (F.N.O.)
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine/Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Faik N. Oktar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.M.C.); (S.U.); (F.N.O.)
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Mustafa Sengor
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (N.E.)
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Ekren
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (N.E.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.S.); (N.E.)
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deepak M. Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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Golafshan N, Vorndran E, Zaharievski S, Brommer H, Kadumudi FB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Gbureck U, van Weeren R, Castilho M, Malda J. Tough magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants induce bone regeneration in an equine defect model. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120302. [PMID: 32932172 PMCID: PMC7116184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the important challenges in bone tissue engineering is the development of biodegradable bone substitutes with appropriate mechanical and biological properties for the treatment of larger defects and those with complex shapes. Recently, magnesium phosphate (MgP) doped with biologically active ions like strontium (Sr2+) have shown to significantly enhance bone formation when compared with the standard calcium phosphate-based ceramics. However, such materials can hardly be shaped into large and complex geometries and more importantly lack the adequate mechanical properties for the treatment of load-bearing bone defects. In this study, we have fabricated bone implants through extrusion assisted three-dimensional (3D) printing of MgP ceramics modified with Sr2+ ions (MgPSr) and a medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer phase. MgPSr with 30 wt% PCL (MgPSr-PCL30) allowed the printability of relevant size structures (>780 mm3) at room temperature with an interconnected macroporosity of approximately 40%. The printing resulted in implants with a compressive strength of 4.3 MPa, which were able to support up to 50 cycles of loading without plastic deformation. Notably, MgPSr-PCL30 scaffolds were able to promote in vitro bone formation in medium without the supplementation with osteo-inducing components. In addition, long-term in vivo performance of the 3D printed scaffolds was investigated in an equine tuber coxae model over 6 months. The micro-CT and histological analysis showed that implantation of MgPSr-PCL30 induced bone regeneration, while no bone formation was observed in the empty defects. Overall, the novel polymer-modified MgP ceramic material and extrusion-based 3D printing process presented here greatly improved the shape ability and load-bearing properties of MgP-based ceramics with simultaneous induction of new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Vorndran
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zaharievski
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Hany E, Yahia S, Elsherbeny MF, Salama NM, Ateia IM, Abou El-Khier NT, El-Sherbiny I, Abou Elkhier MT. Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of rat adipose-derived stem cells with different polycaprolactone/alginate-based nanofibrous scaffolds: an in vitro study. Stem Cell Investig 2020; 7:14. [PMID: 32964007 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone tissue engineering is a widely growing field that requires the combination of cells, scaffolds and signaling molecules. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an accessible and abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells with high plasticity. Polycaprolactone/alginate (PCL/Alg) composite scaffolds have been used in bone regeneration and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) is used as a reinforcing, osteoconductive component in scaffold fabrication. This study was conducted to assess the ability of three different PCL/Alg based scaffolds to induce osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and to compare between them. Methods The study comprised 5 groups; negative control group with ADSCs cultured in complete culture media, positive control group with ADSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiation media, and 3 experimental groups with ADSCs seeded onto 3 scaffolds: S1 (PCL/Alg), S2 (PCL/Alg/Ca) and S3 (PCL/Alg/Ca/n-HA) respectively and cultured in osteogenic media. Mineralization and gene expression were assessed by Alizarin red S (ARS) staining and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Evaluation was done at 7, 14 and 21 days. Results ARS staining reflected a time dependent increase through days 7, 14 and 21, with S3 (PCL/Alg/Ca/n-HA) group showing the highest mineralization levels. RT-qPCR detected upregulation of ALP gene expression at day 7 and decline thereafter. S2 (PCL/Alg/Ca) and S3 (PCL/Alg/Ca/n-HA) groups showed significantly higher gene expression levels than S1 (PCL/Alg). Conclusions ADSCs and PCL/Alg-based scaffolds compose a good tissue engineering complex for bone regeneration. Addition of n-HA to PCL/Alg scaffolds and crosslinking with CaCl2 efficiently improve the osteogenic potential of ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hany
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sarah Yahia
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center of Material Science, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Nagla Mahmoud Salama
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Islam Mohammed Ateia
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center of Material Science, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Badekila AK, Kini S, Jaiswal AK. Fabrication techniques of biomimetic scaffolds in three-dimensional cell culture: A review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:741-762. [PMID: 32657458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last four decades, several researchers worldwide have routinely and meticulously exercised cell culture experiments in two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Using traditionally existing 2D models, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs has been inappropriately validated due to the failure in generating the precise therapeutic response. Fortunately, a 3D model addresses the foregoing limitations by recapitulating the in vivo environment. In this context, one has to contemplate the design of an appropriate scaffold for favoring the organization of cell microenvironment. Instituting pertinent model on the platter will pave way for a precise mimicking of in vivo conditions. It is because animal cells in scaffolds oblige spontaneous formation of 3D colonies that molecularly, phenotypically, and histologically resemble the native environment. The 3D culture provides insight into the biochemical aspects of cell-cell communication, plasticity, cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, signaling mechanisms, differentiation, and cell death. Focusing on these criteria, this paper discusses in detail, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources. The paper also reviews the well-founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana K Badekila
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Multi-layered polydopamine coatings for the immobilization of growth factors onto highly-interconnected and bimodal PCL/HA-based scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111245. [PMID: 32919623 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For bone tissue engineering applications, scaffolds that mimic the porous structure of the extracellular matrix are highly desirable. Herein, we employ a PCL/HA-based scaffold with a double-scaled architecture of small pores coupled to larger ones. To improve the osteoinductivity of the scaffold, we incorporate two different growth factors via polydopamine (PDA) coating. As a first step, we identify the maximum amount of PDA that can be deposited onto the scaffold. Next, to allow for the deposition of a second PDA layer which, in turn, will allow to increase the loading of growth factors, we incorporate a dithiol connecting layer. The thiol groups covalently react with the first PDA coating through Michael addition while also allowing for the incorporation of a second PDA layer. We load the first and second PDA layers with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, and evaluate the osteogenic potential of the functionalised scaffold by cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of three different osteogenesis-related genes of pre-seeded human mesenchymal stem cells. Through these studies, we demonstrate that the osteogenic activity of the scaffolds loaded with both BMP2 and VEGF is greater than scaffolds loaded only with BMP2. Importantly, the osteoinductivity is higher when the scaffolds are loaded with BMP2 and VEGF in two different PDA layers. Taken together, these results indicate that the as-prepared scaffolds could be a useful construct for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana M López-Periago
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Salifu AA, Obayemi JD, Uzonwanne VO, Soboyejo WO. Mechanical stimulation improves osteogenesis and the mechanical properties of osteoblast-laden RGD-functionalized polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2421-2434. [PMID: 32362069 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the results of the combined effects of RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartate) functionalization and mechanical stimulation on osteogenesis that could lead to the development of implantable robust tissue-engineered mineralized constructs. Porous polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffolds are functionalized with RGD-C (arginine-glycine-aspartate-cysteine) peptide. The effects of RGD functionalization are then explored on human fetal osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity), extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and mineralization over 28 days. The effects of RGD functionalization followed by mechanical stimulation with a cyclic fluid shear stress of 3.93 mPa in a perfusion bioreactor are also elucidated. The tensile properties (Young's moduli and ultimate tensile strengths) of the cell-laden scaffolds are measured at different stages of cell culture to understand how the mechanical properties of the tissue-engineered structures evolve. RGD functionalization is shown to promote initial cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and ECM production. However, it does not significantly affect mineralization and tensile properties. Mechanical stimulation after RGD functionalization is shown to further improve the ALP activity, ECM production, mineralization, and tensile properties, but not cell proliferation. The results suggest that combined RGD functionalization and mechanical stimulation of cell-laden PCL/HA scaffolds can be used to accelerate the regeneration of robust bioengineered bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Salifu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John D Obayemi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa O Uzonwanne
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Winston O Soboyejo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Gao D, Wang Z, Wu Z, Guo M, Wang Y, Gao Z, Zhang P, Ito Y. 3D-printing of solvent exchange deposition modeling (SEDM) for a bilayered flexible skin substitute of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) with bioorthogonally engineered EGF. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110942. [PMID: 32409088 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters have been widely used as rigid biomedical apparatus because of high mechanical properties but few flexible implants. Herein, we report a flexible poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold using a rapid in situ formation system based on phase separation by solvent exchange deposition modeling (SEDM), which was different from traditional 3D printing of fused deposition modeling (FDM). The FDM printed product was rigidity, its Young's modulus was approximate 2.6 times higher than that of SEDM printed sample. In addition, the thickness of the solidified ink would not shrink during the SEDM printing process, its surface had nano-/micro pores in favor of protein immobilization and cell adhesion. Then a flexible bilayered scaffold with nano-/microstructure was constructed combing SEDM with electrospinning technology for skin substitute, wherein the SEDM printed sample acted as a sub-layer for cell and tissue ingrowth, the densely packed electrospun nanofibers served as an upper-layer improving the sub-layer's tensile strength by 57.07% and preventing from bacteria as physical barrier. Ultimately, the bilayered scaffold immobilized epidermal growth factor (EGF) by a bioorthogonal approach was successfully applied to facilitate full-thickness wound healing of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Gao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Zhenxu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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41
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Wijedasa NP, Broas SM, Daso RE, Banerjee IA. Varying fish scale derived hydroxyapatite bound hybrid peptide nanofiber scaffolds for potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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The electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gandhimathi C, Quek YJ, Ezhilarasu H, Ramakrishna S, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5135. [PMID: 31623264 PMCID: PMC6834165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanofibrous scaffolds for effective bone tissue engineering (BTE) application must incorporate factors to promote neovascularization and tissue regeneration. In this study, silica-coated gold nanoparticles Au(SiO2) were tested for their ability to promote differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblasts. Biocompatible poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), PCL/silk fibroin (SF) and PCL/SF/Au(SiO2) loaded nanofibrous scaffolds were first fabricated by an electrospinning method. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were characterized for fiber architecture, porosity, pore size distribution, fiber wettability and the relevant mechanical properties using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), porosimetry, determination of water contact angle, measurements by a surface analyzer and tabletop tensile-tester measurements. FESEM images of the scaffolds revealed beadless, porous, uniform fibers with diameters in the range of 164 ± 18.65 nm to 215 ± 32.12 nm and porosity of around 88-92% and pore size distribution around 1.45-2.35 µm. Following hMSCs were cultured on the composite scaffolds. Cell-scaffold interaction, morphology and proliferation of were analyzed by FESEM analysis, MTS (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt) and CMFDA (5-choromethyl fluorescein acetate) dye assays. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs into osteogenic cells were determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization by alizarin red S (ARS) staining and osteocalcin expression by immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that the addition of SF and Au(SiO2) to PCL scaffolds enhanced the mechanical strength, interconnecting porous structure and surface roughness of the scaffolds. This, in turn, led to successful osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs with improved cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and expression of pro-osteogenic cellular proteins. This provides huge support for Au(SiO2) as a suitable material in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Gandhimathi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Ying Jie Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore.
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Shaltooki M, Dini G, Mehdikhani M. Fabrication of chitosan-coated porous polycaprolactone/strontium-substituted bioactive glass nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110138. [PMID: 31546409 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, porous (about 70 vol%) nanocomposite scaffolds made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and different amounts (0 to 15 wt%) of 45S bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles (with a particle size of about 40 nm) containing 7 wt% strontium (Sr) were fabricated by solvent casting technique for bone tissue engineering. Then, a selected optimum scaffold was coated with a thin layer of chitosan containing 15 wt% Sr-substituted BG nanoparticles. Several techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, and water contact angle measurement were used to characterize the fabricated samples. In vitro experiments including degradation, bioactivity, and biocompatibility (i.e., cytotoxicity, alkaline phosphate activity, and cell adhesion) tests of the fabricated scaffold were performed. The biomedical behavior of the fabricated PCL-based composite scaffold was interpreted by considering the presence of the porosity, Sr-substituted BG nanoparticles, and the chitosan coating. In conclusion, the fabricated chitosan-coated porous PCL/BG nanocomposite containing 15 wt% BG nanoparticles could be utilized as a good candidate for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaltooki
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - G Dini
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - M Mehdikhani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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Choi JW, Maeng WY, Koh YH, Lee H, Kim HE. 3D Plotting using Camphene as Pore-regulating Agent to Produce Hierarchical Macro/micro-porous Poly(ε-caprolactone)/calcium phosphate Composite Scaffolds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:ma12172650. [PMID: 31438474 PMCID: PMC6747617 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utility of camphene as the pore-regulating agent for phase separation-based 3D plotting to produce hierarchical macro/micro-porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-calcium phosphate (CaP) composite scaffolds, specifically featuring highly microporous surfaces. Unlike conventional particulate porogens, camphene is highly soluble in acetone, the solvent for PCL polymer, but insoluble in coagulation medium (water). In this study, this unique characteristic supported the creation of numerous micropores both within and at the surfaces of PCL and PCL-CaP composite filaments when using high camphene contents (40 and 50 wt%). In addition, the incorporation of the CaP particles into PCL solutions did not deteriorate the formation of microporous structures, and thus hierarchical macro/micro-porous PCL-CaP composite scaffolds could be successfully produced. As the CaP content increased, the in vitro biocompatibility, apatite-forming ability, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive modulus) of the PCL-CaP composite scaffolds were substantially improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Woo-Youl Maeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Tao O, Kort-Mascort J, Lin Y, Pham HM, Charbonneau AM, ElKashty OA, Kinsella JM, Tran SD. The Applications of 3D Printing for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E480. [PMID: 31319522 PMCID: PMC6680740 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology in the field of dentistry. It uses a layer-by-layer manufacturing technique to create scaffolds that can be used for dental tissue engineering applications. While several 3D printing methodologies exist, such as selective laser sintering or fused deposition modeling, this paper will review the applications of 3D printing for craniofacial tissue engineering; in particular for the periodontal complex, dental pulp, alveolar bone, and cartilage. For the periodontal complex, a 3D printed scaffold was attempted to treat a periodontal defect; for dental pulp, hydrogels were created that can support an odontoblastic cell line; for bone and cartilage, a polycaprolactone scaffold with microspheres induced the formation of multiphase fibrocartilaginous tissues. While the current research highlights the development and potential of 3D printing, more research is required to fully understand this technology and for its incorporation into the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Tao
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Kort-Mascort
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrook Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hieu M Pham
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - André M Charbonneau
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Osama A ElKashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 22123, Egypt
| | - Joseph M Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrook Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Verma N, Zafar S, Talha M. Influence of nano-hydroxyapatite on mechanical behavior of microwave processed polycaprolactone composite foams. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2019; 6:085336. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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48
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Li Y, Liao C, Tjong SC. Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E590. [PMID: 30974820 PMCID: PMC6523566 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides review updates on the current development of bionanocomposites with polymeric matrices consisting of synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyesters reinforced with nanohydroxyaptite (nHA) and/or graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters include poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and copolymers of PLA-PGA (PLGA). Those bionanocomposites have been explored for making 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects since nHA and GO enhance their bioactivity and biocompatibility by promoting biomineralization, bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. The incorporation of nHA or GO into aliphatic polyester scaffolds also improves their mechanical strength greatly, especially hybrid GO/nHA nanofilllers. Those mechanically strong nanocomposite scaffolds can support and promote cell attachment for tissue growth. Porous scaffolds fabricated from conventional porogen leaching, and thermally induced phase separation have many drawbacks inducing the use of organic solvents, poor control of pore shape and pore interconnectivity, while electrospinning mats exhibit small pores that limit cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Recent advancement of 3D additive manufacturing allows the production of aliphatic polyester nanocomposite scaffolds with precisely controlled pore geometries and large pores for the cell attachment, growth, and differentiation in vitro, and the new bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
| | - Chengzhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Ahlfeld T, Doberenz F, Kilian D, Vater C, Korn P, Lauer G, Lode A, Gelinsky M. Bioprinting of mineralized constructs utilizing multichannel plotting of a self-setting calcium phosphate cement and a cell-laden bioink. Biofabrication 2018; 10:045002. [PMID: 30004388 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aad36d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their characteristic resemblance of the mineral component of bone, calcium phosphates are widely accepted as optimal bone substitute materials. Recent research focused on the development of pasty calcium phosphate cement (CPC) formulations, which can be fabricated into various shapes by low-temperature extrusion-based additive manufacturing, namely 3D plotting. While it could be demonstrated that sensitive substances like growth factors can be integrated in such printed CPC scaffolds without impairment of their biological activity live cells cannot be suspended in CPC as they may not be functional when enclosed in a solid and stiff matrix. In contrast, 3D bioprinting of soft cell-laden hydrogels (bioinks) enables the fabrication of constructs with spatially defined cell distribution, which has the potential to overcome problems of conventional cell seeding techniques-but such objects lack mechanical stability. Herein, we combine 3D plotting of CPC and bioprinting of a cell-laden bioink for the first time. As model bioink, an alginate-methylcellulose blend (alg/mc) was used, previously developed by us. Firstly, a fabrication regime was established, enabling optimal setting of CPC and cell survival inside the bioink. As the cells are exposed to the chemical changes of CPC precursors during setting, we studied the compatibility of the complex system of CPC and cell-laden alg/mc for a combined extrusion process and characterized the cellular behavior of encapsulated human mesenchymal stroma cells within the bioink at the interface and in direct vicinity to the CPC. Furthermore, biphasic scaffolds were mechanically characterized and a model for osteochondral tissue grafts is proposed. The manuscript discusses possible impacts of the CPC setting reaction on cells within the bioink and illustrates the advantages of CPC in bioprinting as alternative to the commonly used thermoplasts for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Chen Y, Yang W, Wang W, Zhang M, Li M. Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Scaffolds with Antheraea pernyi Silk Fibroin Micro/Nano Fibers for Promoting EA. hy926 Cell Proliferation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1153. [PMID: 28972553 PMCID: PMC5666959 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a high number of inter-pore channels and a nanofibrous structure similar to that of the extracellular matrix remains a challenge in the preparation of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BSF) scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) micro/nano fibers with an average diameter of 324 nm were fabricated by electrospinning from an 8 wt % ASF solution in hexafluoroisopropanol. The electrospun fibers were cut into short fibers (~0.5 mm) and then dispersed in BSF solution. Next, BSF scaffolds with ASF micro/nano fibers were prepared by lyophilization. Scanning electron microscope images clearly showed connected channels between macropores after the addition of ASF micro/nano fibers; meanwhile, micro/nano fibers and micropores could be clearly observed on the pore walls. The results of in vitro cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA. hy926) on BSF scaffolds showed that fibrous BSF scaffolds containing 150% ASF fibers significantly promoted cell proliferation during the initial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weichao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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