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Abdulaziz D, Anastasiou AD, Panagiotopoulou V, Raif EM, Giannoudis PV, Jha A. Physiologically engineered porous titanium/brushite scaffolds for critical-size bone defects: A design and manufacturing study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106223. [PMID: 37976684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Repairing critical-size bone defects still represents a critical clinical challenge in the field of trauma surgery. This study focuses on a physiological design and manufacturing of porous composite scaffold (titanium Ti with 10 % mole iron doped brushite DCPD-Fe3+) which can mimic the biomechanical properties of natural cortical bone, specifically for the purpose of repairing critical-size defects. To achieve this, the principle of design of experiments (DOE) was applied for investigating the impact of sintering temperature, mineral ratio, and volume fraction of porosity on the mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds. The fabricated scaffolds had open porosity up to 60 %, with pore size approximately between 100 μm and 850 μm. The stiffness of the porous composite scaffolds varied between 3.30 GPa and 20.50 GPa, while the compressive strength ranged from approximately 130 MPa-165 MPa at sintering temperatures equal to or exceeding 1000 °C. Scaffolds with higher porosity and mineral content demonstrated lower stiffness values, resembling natural bone. Numerical simulation was employed by Ansys Workbench to investigate the stress and strain distribution of a critical size defect in mid-shaft femur which was designed to be replaced with the fabricated scaffold. The fabricated scaffolds showed flexible biomechanical behaviour at the bone/scaffold interface, generating lower stress levels and indicating a better match with the femoral shaft stiffness. The experimental and numerical findings demonstrated promising applications for manufacturing a patient-specific bone scaffold for critical and potentially large defects for reducing stress shielding and minimizing non-union risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abdulaziz
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Antonios D Anastasiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 3AL, UK
| | | | - El Mostafa Raif
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Animesh Jha
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Basir A, Muhamad N, Sulong AB, Jamadon NH, Foudzi FM. Recent Advances in Processing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys through Metal Injection Molding for Biomedical Applications: 2013-2022. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113991. [PMID: 37297124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal injection molding (MIM) is one of the most widely used manufacturing processes worldwide as it is a cost-effective way of producing a variety of dental and orthopedic implants, surgical instruments, and other important biomedical products. Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are popular modern metallic materials that have revamped the biomedical sector as they have superior biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance, and high static and fatigue strength. This paper systematically reviews the MIM process parameters that extant studies have used to produce Ti and Ti alloy components between 2013 and 2022 for the medical industry. Moreover, the effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the MIM-processed sintered components has been reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that by appropriately selecting and implementing the processing parameters at different stages of the MIM process, defect-free Ti and Ti alloy-based biomedical components can be produced. Therefore, this present study could greatly benefit future studies that examine using MIM to develop products for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Basir
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhamidi Muhamad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashrah Hani Jamadon
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Mohd Foudzi
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Alonzo M, Primo FA, Kumar SA, Mudloff JA, Dominguez E, Fregoso G, Ortiz N, Weiss WM, Joddar B. Bone tissue engineering techniques, advances and scaffolds for treatment of bone defects. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 17:100248. [PMID: 33718692 PMCID: PMC7948130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to develop strategies to regenerate damaged or diseased bone using a combination of cells, growth factors, and biomaterials. This article highlights recent advances in BTE, with particular emphasis on the role of the biomaterials as scaffolding material to heal bone defects. Studies encompass the utilization of bioceramics, composites, and myriad hydrogels that have been fashioned by injection molding, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting over recent years, with the aim to provide an insight into the progress of BTE along with a commentary on their scope and possibilities to aid future research. The biocompatibility and structural efficacy of some of these biomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alonzo
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Fabian Alvarez Primo
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Shweta Anil Kumar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Joel A. Mudloff
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Erick Dominguez
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Rm. A-126 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Gisel Fregoso
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rm. A-325 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Nick Ortiz
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - William M. Weiss
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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