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Singh R, Pathak S, Jain K, Noorjahan, Kim SK. Correlating the Dipolar Interactions Induced Magneto-Viscoelasticity and Thermal Conductivity Enhancements in Nanomagnetic Fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205741. [PMID: 37246272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effective thermal management of electronic system holds the key to maximize their performance. The recent miniaturization trends require a cooling system with high heat flux capacity, localized cooling, and active control. Nanomagnetic fluids (NMFs) based cooling systems have the ability to meet the current demand of the cooling system for the miniaturized electronic system. However, the thermal characteristics of NMFs have a long way to go before the internal mechanisms are well understood. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects to establish a correlation between the thermal and rheological properties of the NMFs. First, the background, stability, and factors affecting the properties of the NMFs are discussed. Second, the ferrohydrodynamic equations are introduced for the NMFs to explain the rheological behavior and relaxation mechanism. Finally, different theoretical and experimental models are summarized that explain the thermal characteristics of the NMFs. Thermal characteristics of the NMFs are significantly affected by the morphology and composition of the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in NMFs as well as the type of carrier liquids and surface functionalization that also influences the rheological properties. Thus, understanding the correlation between the thermal characteristics of the NMFs and rheological properties helps develop cooling systems with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Saurabh Pathak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Komal Jain
- Indian Reference Materials Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Noorjahan
- Department of Physics and Astronomical Science, School of Physical and Material Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Sang-Koog Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Spin Dynamics and SW Devices, Nanospinics Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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Yusefi M, Shameli K, Jahangirian H, Teow SY, Afsah-Hejri L, Mohamad Sukri SNA, Kuča K. How Magnetic Composites are Effective Anticancer Therapeutics? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3535-3575. [PMID: 37409027 PMCID: PMC10319292 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low biocompatibility, the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as drug delivery system has lost traction. In contrast, MNCs show higher biocompatibility, multifunctional physicochemical properties, high drug encapsulation, and multi-stages of controlled release for localized synergistic chemo-thermotherapy. Further, combining various forms of magnetic cores and pH-sensitive coating agents can generate a more robust pH, magneto, and thermo-responsive drug delivery system. Thus, MNCs are ideal candidate as smart and remotely guided drug delivery system due to a) their magneto effects and guide-ability by the external magnetic fields, b) on-demand drug release performance, and c) thermo-chemosensitization under an applied alternating magnetic field where the tumor is selectively incinerated without harming surrounding non-tumor tissues. Given the important effects of synthesis methods, surface modifications, and coating of MNCs on their anticancer properties, we reviewed the most recent studies on magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, and magnetothermal chemotherapy to provide insights on the current development of MNC-based anticancer nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | | | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leili Afsah-Hejri
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, School of Business, Science and Technology, Lakeland University Plymouth, WI 53073, USA
| | | | - Kamil Kuča
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Armenia I, Cuestas Ayllón C, Torres Herrero B, Bussolari F, Alfranca G, Grazú V, Martínez de la Fuente J. Photonic and magnetic materials for on-demand local drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114584. [PMID: 36273514 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been considered a promising tool for biomedical research and clinical practice in the 21st century because of the great impact nanomaterials could have on human health. The generation of new smart nanomaterials, which enable time- and space-controlled drug delivery, improve the limitations of conventional treatments, such as non-specific targeting, poor biodistribution and permeability. These smart nanomaterials can respond to internal biological stimuli (pH, enzyme expression and redox potential) and/or external stimuli (such as temperature, ultrasound, magnetic field and light) to further the precision of therapies. To this end, photonic and magnetic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver and iron oxide, have been used to increase sensitivity and responsiveness to external stimuli. In this review, we aim to report the main and most recent systems that involve photonic or magnetic nanomaterials for external stimulus-responsive drug release. The uniqueness of this review lies in highlighting the versatility of integrating these materials within different carriers. This leads to enhanced performance in terms of in vitro and in vivo efficacy, stability and toxicity. We also point out the current regulatory challenges for the translation of these systems from the bench to the bedside, as well as the yet unresolved matter regarding the standardization of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Armenia
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carlos Cuestas Ayllón
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Torres Herrero
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesca Bussolari
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Alfranca
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valeria Grazú
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica em Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Martínez de la Fuente
- BioNanoSurf Group, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA,CSIC-UNIZAR), Edificio I +D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica em Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Magneto-Mechanical Approach in Biomedicine: Benefits, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911134. [PMID: 36232435 PMCID: PMC9569787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The magneto-mechanical approach is a powerful technique used in many different applications in biomedicine, including remote control enzyme activity, cell receptors, cancer-selective treatments, mechanically-activated drug releases, etc. This approach is based on the use of a combination of magnetic nanoparticles and external magnetic fields that have led to the movement of such nanoparticles with torques and forces (enough to change the conformation of biomolecules or even break weak chemical bonds). However, despite many theoretical and experimental works on this topic, it is difficult to predict the magneto-mechanical effects in each particular case, while the important results are scattered and often cannot be translated to other experiments. The main reason is that the magneto-mechanical effect is extremely sensitive to changes in any parameter of magnetic nanoparticles and the environment and changes in the parameters of the applied magnetic field. Thus, in this review, we (1) summarize and propose a simplified theoretical explanation of the main factors affecting the efficiency of the magneto-mechanical approach; (2) discuss the nature of the MNP-mediated mechanical forces and their order of magnitude; (3) show some of the main applications of the magneto-mechanical approach in the control over the properties of biological systems.
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Nitica S, Fizesan I, Dudric R, Barbu-Tudoran L, Pop A, Loghin F, Vedeanu N, Lucaciu CM, Iacovita C. A Fast, Reliable Oil-In-Water Microemulsion Procedure for Silica Coating of Ferromagnetic Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles Capable of Inducing Cancer Cell Death In Vitro. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071647. [PMID: 35884954 PMCID: PMC9313231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of ferrimagnetic nanoparticles (F-MNPs) in magnetic hyperthermia (MH) are restricted by their stabilization in microscale aggregates due to magnetostatic interactions significantly reducing their heating performances. Coating the F-MNPs in a silica layer is expected to significantly reduce the magnetostatic interactions, thereby increasing their heating ability. A new fast, facile, and eco-friendly oil-in-water microemulsion-based method was used for coating Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 F-MNPs in a silica layer within 30 min by using ultrasounds. The silica-coated clusters were characterized by various physicochemical techniques and MH, while cytotoxicity studies, cellular uptake determination, and in vitro MH experiments were performed on normal and malignant cell lines. The average hydrodynamic diameter of silica-coated clusters was approximately 145 nm, displaying a high heating performance (up to 2600 W/gFe). Biocompatibility up to 250 μg/cm2 (0.8 mg/mL) was recorded by Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays. The silica-coating increases the cellular uptake of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 clusters up to three times and significantly improves their intracellular MH performances. A 90% drop in cellular viability was recorded after 30 min of MH treatment (20 kA/m, 355 kHz) for a dosage level of 62.5 μg/cm2 (0.2 mg/mL), while normal cells were more resilient to MH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nitica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Ionel Fizesan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Roxana Dudric
- Faculty of Physics, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Center “Prof. C. Craciun”, Faculty of Biology & Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5–7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donath St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Pop
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.F.); (A.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicoleta Vedeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.L.); (C.I.); Tel.: +40-744-647-854 (C.M.L.)
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.N.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.L.); (C.I.); Tel.: +40-744-647-854 (C.M.L.)
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Nanoarchitectonics of PEG-Coated Ni-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles and Mechanical Analysis of Heat Generation by Magnetic Relaxation. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Morales I, Costo R, Mille N, Carrey J, Hernando A, de la Presa P. Time-dependent AC magnetometry and chain formation in magnetite: the influence of particle size, initial temperature and the shortening of the relaxation time by the applied field. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5801-5812. [PMID: 36132668 PMCID: PMC9417483 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with 12, 34 and 53 nm sizes have been measured by AC-magnetometry at 50 kHz and 57 mT maximum applied field. The MNPs form chains under the AC-field, and the dynamics of the formation can be studied by measuring hysteresis cycles at different times. The measurement time has been varied from 5 ms to 10 s and for different initial temperatures of 5, 25 and 50 °C. The chain formation, identified by the increase of susceptibility and remanence with the measurement time, appears only for 34 nm particles. It has been observed that saturation, remanence and susceptibility at low (high) fields increase (decrease) with time. For the other two samples, these magnitudes are independent of time. At low fields, the heating efficiency is higher at 5 °C than at 50 °C, whereas it shows an opposite behaviour at higher fields; the origin of this behaviour is discussed in the article. Additionally, the relaxation times, τ N and τ B, have been calculated by considering the influence of the applied field. Chain formation requires translation and rotation of MNPs; therefore, the Brownian mechanism plays a fundamental role. It is found that magnetic reversal for 12 nm MNPs is mainly due to Néel relaxation. However, in the case of 34 nm MNPs, both mechanisms, Néel and Brownian relaxation, can be present depending on the amplitude of the field; for μ 0 H < 22 mT, the physical rotation of the particle is the dominant mechanism; on the other hand, for μ 0 H > 22 mT, both mechanisms are present within the size distribution. This highlights the importance of taking the field intensity into account to calculate relaxation times when analysing the relaxation mechanisms of magnetic colloids subjected to AC fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Morales
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado (UCM-ADIF-CSIC) P.O. Box 155 Las Rozas Madrid 28230 Spain
| | - Rocio Costo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid/CSIC Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Nicolas Mille
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS 135 Avenue de Rangueil, UMR 5215 F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Julian Carrey
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets (LPCNO), CNRS 135 Avenue de Rangueil, UMR 5215 F-31077 Toulouse France
| | - Antonio Hernando
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado (UCM-ADIF-CSIC) P.O. Box 155 Las Rozas Madrid 28230 Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28048 Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center 20018 Donostia Gipuzkoa Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia 28049 Madrid Spain
- Universidad de Nebrija 28015 Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia de la Presa
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado (UCM-ADIF-CSIC) P.O. Box 155 Las Rozas Madrid 28230 Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28048 Spain
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Wu K, Chugh VK, Krishna VD, Girolamo AD, Wang YA, Saha R, Liang S, Cheeran MCJ, Wang JP. One-Step, Wash-free, Nanoparticle Clustering-Based Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy Bioassay Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins in the Liquid Phase. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44136-44146. [PMID: 34499464 PMCID: PMC8442556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is an increasing quest for more accessible, easy-to-use, rapid, inexpensive, and high-accuracy diagnostic tools. Traditional disease diagnostic methods such as qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription-PCR) and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) require multiple steps, trained technicians, and long turnaround time that may worsen the disease surveillance and pandemic control. In sight of this situation, a rapid, one-step, easy-to-use, and high-accuracy diagnostic platform will be valuable for future epidemic control, especially for regions with scarce medical resources. Herein, we report a magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) platform for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) biomarkers: spike and nucleocapsid proteins. This technique monitors the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and uses their higher harmonics as a measure of the nanoparticles' binding states. By anchoring polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) onto MNP surfaces, these nanoparticles function as nanoprobes to specifically bind to target analytes (SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in this work) and form nanoparticle clusters. This binding event causes detectable changes in higher harmonics and allows for quantitative and qualitative detection of target analytes in the liquid phase. We have achieved detection limits of 1.56 nM (equivalent to 125 fmole) and 12.5 nM (equivalent to 1 pmole) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, respectively. This MPS platform combined with the one-step, wash-free, nanoparticle clustering-based assay method is intrinsically versatile and allows for the detection of a variety of other disease biomarkers by simply changing the surface functional groups on MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Vinit Kumar Chugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Venkatramana D. Krishna
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Arturo di Girolamo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | | | - Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Maxim C-J Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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