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Reuvekamp H, Hekman E, van der Heide E, Matthews D. Strategies in surface engineering for the regulation of microclimates in skin-medical product interactions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25395. [PMID: 38370189 PMCID: PMC10869805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing number of personal healthcare devices that are in prolonged contact with the skin. The functionality of these products is linked to the interface formed by the contact between the medical apparatus and the skin. The interface can be characterised by its topology, compliance, and moisture and thermal regulating capabilities. Many devices are, however, described to have suboptimal and occlusive contacts, resulting in physiological unfavourable microclimates at the interface. The resulting poor management of moisture and temperature can impact the functionality and utility of the device and, in severe cases, lead to physical harm to the user. Being able to control the microclimate is therefore expected to limit medical-device related injuries and prevent associated skin complications. Surface engineering can modify and potentially enhance the regulation of the microclimate factors surrounding the interface between a product's surface and the skin. This review provides an overview of potential engineering solutions considering the needs for, and influences on, regulation of temperature and moisture by considering the skin-medical device interface as a system. These findings serve as a platform for the anticipated progress in the role of surface engineering for skin-device microclimate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Reuvekamp
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces and Systems (MS3), Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Postbox 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - E.E.G. Hekman
- Biomedical Device Design and Production Lab, Department of Biomechanical Engineering (BE), Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Postbox 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - E. van der Heide
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces and Systems (MS3), Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Postbox 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - D.T.A. Matthews
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces and Systems (MS3), Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Postbox 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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2
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Leng RZ, Yun B, Chen ZH, Chai C, Xu WW, Yu YH, Wang L. High-Transmission Biomimetics Structural Surfaces Produced via Ultrafast Laser Manufacturing. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:586. [PMID: 38132525 PMCID: PMC10742336 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by periodically aligned micro/nanostructures on biological surfaces, researchers have been fabricating biomimetic structures with superior performance. As a promising and versatile tool, an ultrafast laser combined with other forms of processing technology has been utilized to manufacture functional structures, e.g., the biomimetic subwavelength structures to restrain the surface Fresnel reflectance. In this review paper, we interpret the biomimetic mechanism of antireflective subwavelength structures (ARSSs) for high-transmission windows. Recent advances in the fabrication of ARSSs with an ultrafast laser are summarized and introduced. The limitations and challenges of laser processing technology are discussed, and the future prospects for advancement are outlined, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhe Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (R.-Z.L.); (B.Y.); (Z.-H.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Bi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (R.-Z.L.); (B.Y.); (Z.-H.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (R.-Z.L.); (B.Y.); (Z.-H.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Chen Chai
- GRINM Guojing Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, China;
| | - Wei-Wei Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China;
| | - Yan-Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (R.-Z.L.); (B.Y.); (Z.-H.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (R.-Z.L.); (B.Y.); (Z.-H.C.); (Y.-H.Y.)
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3
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da Silva DJ, Duran A, Cabral AD, Fonseca FLA, Wang SH, Parra DF, Bueno RF, Pereyra I, Rosa DS. Bioinspired Antimicrobial PLA with Nanocones on the Surface for Rapid Deactivation of Omicron SARS-CoV-2. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1891-1899. [PMID: 36881832 PMCID: PMC10005812 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired bactericidal surfaces are artificial surfaces that mimic the nanotopography of insect wings and are capable of inhibiting microbial growth by a physicomechanical mechanism. The scientific community has considered them an alternative method to design polymers with surfaces that inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, suitable for self-disinfectant medical devices. In this contribution, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with nanocone patterns was successfully produced by a novel two-step procedure involving copper plasma deposition followed by argon plasma etching. According to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests, the bioinspired PLA nanostructures display antiviral performance to inactivate infectious Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 particles, reducing the amount of the viral genome to less than 4% in just 15 min due to a possible combined effect of mechanical and oxidative stress. The bioinspired antiviral PLA can be suitable for designing personal protection equipment to prevent the transmission of contagious viral diseases, such as Coronavirus Disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. da Silva
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social
Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001,
Bangú, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof.
Mello Moraes, 2643, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, SP,
Brazil
| | - Adriana Duran
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social
Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001,
Bangú, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline D. Cabral
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social
Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001,
Bangú, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando L. A. Fonseca
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of
Medicine of ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo André, SP,
Brazil
| | - Shu Hui Wang
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof.
Mello Moraes, 2643, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030, São Paulo, SP,
Brazil
| | - Duclerc F. Parra
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute,
National Nuclear Energy Commission/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu
Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F. Bueno
- Coordinator of the COVID-19 Monitoring Network in
Wastewater National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency, Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation and Ministry of Health, Brazil. Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied
Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. Dos Estados,
5001, Bangú, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Inés Pereyra
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Polytechnic
School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes,
2643, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Derval S. Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social
Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001,
Bangú, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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4
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Cihan E, Heier J, Lubig K, Gräf S, Müller FA, Gnecco E. Dynamics of Sliding Friction between Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on Stainless Steel and PMMA Microspheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36880969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the sliding friction measured between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloidal probes with two different diameters D (1.5 and 15 μm) and laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on stainless steel with periodicities Λ of 0.42 and 0.9 μm, when the probes are elastically driven along two directions, perpendicular and parallel to the LIPSS. The time evolution of the friction shows the characteristic features of a reverse stick-slip mechanism recently reported on periodic gratings. The morphologies of colloidal probes and modified steel surfaces are geometrically convoluted in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographies simultaneously recorded with the friction measurements. The LIPSS periodicity is only revealed with smaller probes (D = 1.5 μm) and when Λ takes the largest value of 0.9 μm. The average value of the friction force is found to be proportional to the normal load, with a coefficient of friction μ varying between 0.23 and 0.54. The values of μ are rather independent of the direction of motion, and they reach their maximum when the small probe is scanned on the LIPSS with the larger periodicity. The friction is also found to decrease with increasing velocity in all cases, which is attributed to the corresponding decrease of the viscoelastic contact time. These results can be used to model the sliding contacts formed by a set of spherical asperities of different sizes driven on a rough solid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Cihan
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - John Heier
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Lubig
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Gräf
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank A Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Enrico Gnecco
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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5
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Mosel P, Sankar P, Appi E, Jusko C, Zuber D, Kleinert S, Düsing J, Mapa J, Dittmar G, Püster T, Böhmer-Brinks P, Vahlbruch JW, Morgner U, Kovacev M. Potential hazards and mitigation of X-ray radiation generated by laser-induced plasma from research-grade laser systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37038-37050. [PMID: 36258622 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A large range of laser-matter applications employ ultrashort pulses and high laser intensity. Such processes can lead to unrequired X-ray generation, which represents a hazardous radiation factor even for common laboratory research-grade laser systems. We present here an analysis of the radiation dose rate and X-ray spectrum emitted during ablation of a rotating copper cylinder with respect to several laser parameters. The results show that focused sub-picosecond pulses with intensity above 1013 W/cm2 can exceed the annual irradiation limit even in one hour, requiring appropriate shielding for the safety of the researchers.
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6
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Abdelaal S, Hassanin W, Abdelhady AM, Rashad AM, Kassab MF, Salama S, Hamada MS, Elmaghraby EK, Helal AI, Ibraheim MH. Isotope signature and elemental characteristics of subsurface formations around deep-laying coal seams probed by means of atomic and nuclear-based techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134969. [PMID: 35588881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation on the isotopic and elemental signature, for both stable and radioactive elements, and mineral contents was performed to examine the characteristics of subsurface formations collected at different depths between 3.962 km and 4.115 km around deep-laying coal seams located under the Marmarica plateau in Egypt. Concentrations of major and minor oxides (Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, ΣFeO + Fe2O3, SrO, ZrO2, and BaO) were determined by X-ray fluorescence and dependencies among these concentrations revealed the type and sort of the formations. Organic contents were determined by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the variation of the CO/CC bonding ratio with depth. Rare earth elements (REE), specifically Y, Sc, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry while actinoids were detected by the radioactive decay of its daughter nuclei. The results showed a high trapping of REE elements and actinoids in layers above the coal seams which indicates the occurrence of aqueous flow followed by possible sorption in these layers. The mobility of the fluid was investigated using the process radioactive decay series between Ra226 and Ac228 from one side and their daughters from the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Abdelaal
- Accelerator and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt; Central Lab for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Walaa Hassanin
- Department of Biological Applications, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - A M Abdelhady
- Accelerator and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt; Central Lab for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - A M Rashad
- Accelerator and Ion Sources Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt; Central Lab for Elemental and Isotopic Analysis, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - M F Kassab
- Soil and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salama
- Radiation Protection Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hamada
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Elsayed K Elmaghraby
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
| | - A I Helal
- Experimental Nuclear Physics Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Mona H Ibraheim
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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7
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Durbach S, Krauss FT, Hoffmann M, Lehmann V, Reinhardt H, Sundermeyer J, Hampp N. Laser-Driven One- and Two-Dimensional Subwavelength Periodic Patterning of Thin Films Made of a Metal-Organic MoS 2 Precursor. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10412-10421. [PMID: 35608356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based surface processing is an established way for the maskless generation of surface structures and functionalities on a large variety of materials. Laser-driven periodic surface texturing and structuring of thin films is reported for metallic-, semiconductive-, and polymeric films. Here, we introduce subwavelength surface patterning of metal-organic thin films of [Mo2S4(S2CNnBu2)2], a MoS2 precursor. Accurate control of one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) periodic patterns is achieved on silicon wafers with a pulsed 532 nm ns laser. With suitable combinations of laser polarization, laser pulse energy, the thickness of the SiO2 passivation layer, and the MoS2 precursor's thin film thickness, high-quality 1D and 2D self-organized periodic structures are obtained in virtually unlimited areas. The material redistribution related to the pattern formation is thermally driven at low laser energies. Increasing pulse energies beyond a threshold level, in our experiments a factor of 2, fully converts the precursor to MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Durbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Falk T Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marius Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Čereška D, Žemaitis A, Kontenis G, Nemickas G, Jonušauskas L. On-Demand Wettability via Combining fs Laser Surface Structuring and Thermal Post-Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062141. [PMID: 35329593 PMCID: PMC8954413 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser surface texturing (LST) is one of the surface modification methods that increase or provide new abilities for the material surface. Textured surfaces could be applied in different industrial areas to reduce wear and friction, promote anti-fouling, improve osseointegration, and other similar uses. However, LST is still in development and for reaching industrial level further optimization is required. In this paper, different metal alloy surfaces were fabricated with several patterns using the same laser parameters on each material and the results were compared. This could lead to possible optimization on the industrial level. Furthermore, research on the wettability properties of material and texture patterns depending on heat treatment in different temperatures was performed, showing complete control for wettability (from hydrophilic to hydrophobic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deividas Čereška
- Femtika, Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (G.K.); (G.N.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Arnas Žemaitis
- Femtika, Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (G.K.); (G.N.); (L.J.)
- Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabrielius Kontenis
- Femtika, Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (G.K.); (G.N.); (L.J.)
- Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gedvinas Nemickas
- Femtika, Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (G.K.); (G.N.); (L.J.)
| | - Linas Jonušauskas
- Femtika, Saulėtekio Ave. 15, LT-10224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.Ž.); (G.K.); (G.N.); (L.J.)
- Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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9
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Bronnikov K, Gladkikh S, Okotrub K, Simanchuk A, Zhizhchenko A, Kuchmizhak A, Dostovalov A. Regulating Morphology and Composition of Laser-Induced Periodic Structures on Titanium Films with Femtosecond Laser Wavelength and Ambient Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030306. [PMID: 35159650 PMCID: PMC8839999 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, highly uniform thermochemical laser-induced periodic surface structures (TLIPSS) have attracted significant research attention due to their practical applicability for upscalable fabrication of periodic surface morphologies important for surface functionalization, diffraction optics, sensors, etc. When processed by femtosecond (fs) laser pulses in oxygen-containing environments, TLIPSS are formed on the material surface as parallel protrusions upon local oxidation in the maxima of the periodic intensity pattern coming from interference of the incident and scattered waves. From an application point of view, it is important to control both the TLIPSS period and nanoscale morphology of the formed protrusions that can be expectedly achieved by scalable shrinkage of the laser-processing wavelength as well as by varying the ambient environment. However, so far, the fabrication of uniform TLIPSS was reported only for near-IR wavelength in air. In this work, TLIPSS formation on the surface of titanium (Ti) films was systematically studied using near-IR (1026 nm), visible (513 nm) and UV (256 nm) wavelengths revealing linear scalability of the protrusion period versus the fs-laser wavelength. By changing the ambient environment from air to vacuum (10−2 atm) and pressurized nitrogen gas (2.5 atm) we demonstrate tunability of the composition and morphology of the Ti TLIPSS protrusions. In particular, Raman spectroscopy revealed formation of TiN together with dominating TiO2 (rutile phase) in the TLIPSS protrusions produced in the nitrogen-rich atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Bronnikov
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.G.); (K.O.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Semyon Gladkikh
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.G.); (K.O.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Konstantin Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.G.); (K.O.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrey Simanchuk
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.G.); (K.O.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexey Zhizhchenko
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes of the FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.K.)
- Far Eastern Federal University, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Kuchmizhak
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes of the FEB RAS, 5 Radio St., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.K.)
- Pacific Quantum Center, Far Eastern Federal University, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Dostovalov
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS, 1 Acad. Koptyug Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.G.); (K.O.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
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10
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Bonse J, Gräf S. Ten Open Questions about Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3326. [PMID: 34947674 PMCID: PMC8709363 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are a simple and robust route for the nanostructuring of solids that can create various surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, medicine, tribology, energy technologies, etc. While the current laser technologies already allow surface processing rates at the level of m2/min, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry, as well as by limitations in controlling the processing of LIPSS and in the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This Perspective article aims to identify some open questions about LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, we intend to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bonse
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Gräf
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung (OSIM), Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Fang R, Zhang X, Zheng J, Pan Z, Yang C, Deng L, Li R, Lai C, Yan W, Maisotsenko VS, Vorobyev AY. Superwicking Functionality of Femtosecond Laser Textured Aluminum at High Temperatures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2964. [PMID: 34835727 PMCID: PMC8622711 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An advanced superwicking aluminum material based on a microgroove surface structure textured with both laser-induced periodic surface structures and fine microholes was produced by direct femtosecond laser nano/microstructuring technology. The created material demonstrates excellent wicking performance in a temperature range of 23 to 120 °C. The experiments on wicking dynamics show a record-high velocity of water spreading that achieves about 450 mm/s at 23 °C and 320 mm/s at 120 °C when the spreading water undergoes intensive boiling. The lifetime of classic Washburn capillary flow dynamics shortens as the temperature increases up to 80 °C. The effects of evaporation and boiling on water spreading become significant above 80 °C, resulting in vanishing of Washburn's dynamics. Both the inertial and visco-inertial flow regimes are insignificantly affected by evaporation at temperatures below the boiling point of water. The boiling effect on the inertial regime is small at 120 °C; however, its effect on the visco-inertial regime is essential. The created material with effective wicking performance under water boiling conditions can find applications in Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) high-temperature heat/mass exchangers for enhancing power generation efficiency that is an important factor in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigation of the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Fang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xianhang Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jiangen Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhonglin Pan
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.P.); (C.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.P.); (C.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Lianrui Deng
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (Z.P.); (C.Y.); (L.D.)
| | - Rui Li
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Chunhong Lai
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wensheng Yan
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
| | | | - Anatoliy Y. Vorobyev
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2 Chongwen Road, Chongqing 400065, China; (R.F.); (X.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.L.); (W.Y.)
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12
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Squared Focal Intensity Distributions for Applications in Laser Material Processing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174981. [PMID: 34501069 PMCID: PMC8434152 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tailored intensity profiles within the focal spot of the laser beam offer great potential for a well-defined control of the interaction process between laser radiation and material, and thus for improving the processing results. The present paper discusses a novel refractive beam-shaping element that provides different squared intensity distributions converted from the Gaussian output beam of the utilized femtosecond (fs) laser. Using the examples of surface structuring of stainless-steel on the micro- and nano-scale, the suitability of the beam-shaping element for fs-laser material processing with a conventional f-Theta lens is demonstrated. In this context, it was shown that the experimental structuring results are in good agreement with beam profile measurements and numerical simulations of the beam-shaping unit. In addition, the experimental results reveal the improvement of laser processing in terms of a significantly reduced processing time during surface nano-structuring and the possibility to control the ablation geometry during the fabrication of micro-channels.
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13
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Schille J, Kraft S, Pflug T, Scholz C, Clair M, Horn A, Loeschner U. Study on X-ray Emission Using Ultrashort Pulsed Lasers in Materials Processing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164537. [PMID: 34443058 PMCID: PMC8399459 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of ultrashort pulsed laser radiation with intensities of 1013 W cm−2 and above with materials often results in an unexpected high X-ray photon flux. It has been shown so far, on the one hand, that X-ray photon emissions increase proportionally with higher laser power and the accumulated X-ray dose rates can cause serious health risks for the laser operators. On the other hand, there is clear evidence that little variations of the operational conditions can considerably affect the spectral X-ray photon flux and X-ray emissions dose. In order to enhance the knowledge in this field, four ultrashort pulse laser systems for providing different complementary beam characteristics were employed in this study on laser-induced X-ray emissions, including peak intensities between 8 × 1012 W∙cm−2 < I0 < 5.2 × 1016 W∙cm−2, up to 72.2 W average laser power as well as burst/bi-burst processing mode. By the example of AISI 304 stainless steel, it was verified that X-ray emission dose rates as high as H˙′ (0.07) > 45 mSv h−1 can be produced when low-intensity ultrashort pulses irradiate at a small 1 µm intra-line pulse distance during laser beam scanning and megahertz pulse repetition frequencies. For burst and bi-burst pulses, the second intra-burst pulse was found to significantly enhance the X-ray emission potentially induced by laser pulse and plasma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Schille
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany; (S.K.); (T.P.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Kraft
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany; (S.K.); (T.P.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Theo Pflug
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany; (S.K.); (T.P.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Christian Scholz
- 3D-Micromac AG, Technologie-Campus 8, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maurice Clair
- 3D-Micromac AG, Technologie-Campus 8, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (C.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Alexander Horn
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany; (S.K.); (T.P.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
| | - Udo Loeschner
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany; (S.K.); (T.P.); (A.H.); (U.L.)
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14
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Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Structures with Nonlinear Photoluminescence. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of hybrid micro- and nanostructures with a strong nonlinear response is challenging and represents a great interest due to a wide range of photonic applications. Usually, such structures are produced by quite complicated and time-consuming techniques. This work demonstrates laser-induced hybrid metal-dielectric structures with strong nonlinear properties obtained by a single-step fabrication process. We determine the influence of several incident femtosecond pulses on the Au/Si bi-layer film on produced structure morphology. The created hybrid systems represent isolated nanoparticles with a height of 250–500 nm exceeding the total thickness of the Au-Si bi-layer. It is shown that fabricated hybrid nanostructures demonstrate enhancement of the SHG signal (up to two orders of magnitude) compared to the initial planar sample and a broadband photoluminescence signal (more than 200 nm in width) in the visible spectral region. We establish the correlation between nonlinear signal and phase composition provided by Raman scattering measurements. Such laser-induced structures have significant potential in optical sensing applications and can be used as components for different nanophotonic devices.
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15
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Zhao Y, Mei H, Chang P, Chen C, Cheng L, Dassios KG. Infinite Approaching Superlubricity by Three-Dimensional Printed Structures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:240-257. [PMID: 33356150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology opens great opportunities for the design of various multiscale lubrication structures. 3D printing allows high customization of arbitrary complex structures and rapid prototyping of objects, which provides an avenue to achieve effective lubrication. Current experimental observations on superlubricity are limited to atomically smooth clean surfaces, extreme operating conditions, and nano- or microscales. With the in-depth exploration of 3D printed lubrication, construction of multifunctional 3D structures with refined dimensions spanning from micronanoscale to macroscale is increasingly regarded as an important means to approach superlubricity and has aroused great scientific interest. To document recent advances in 3D printing for structural lubrication, a detailed literature review is provided. Emphasis is given on the design and lubrication performance of geometric and bioinspired lubrication structures with characteristic dimensions. The material requirements, merits, drawbacks, and representative applications of various 3D printing techniques are summarized. Potential future research trends aiming at the design strategy and manufacturing process of 3D printed lubrication structures are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Hui Mei
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chang
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
| | - Laifei Cheng
- Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, P.R. China
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16
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Generation of Supra-Wavelength Grooves in Femtosecond Laser Surface Structuring of Silicon. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010174. [PMID: 33445573 PMCID: PMC7826525 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research work has been carried out on the generation and application of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). LIPSS with a sub-wavelength period generated by femtosecond laser irradiation, generally indicated as ripples, have been extensively investigated. Instead, the other ordered surface structures characterized by a supra-wavelength period, indicated as grooves, have been much less studied. Grooves typically form at larger irradiance levels or for higher number of laser pulses. Here, we report a comprehensive overview of recent investigations on the supra-wavelength grooves formed on crystalline silicon irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses. The authors’ recent experimental work is mainly addressed giving an explicit picture of the grooves generation process, namely illustrating the influence of the various experimental parameters, including, e.g., polarization, wavelength, fluence and repetition rate of the laser beam as well as number of laser pulses hitting the surface of the material. The effect of irradiation of a static or moving target and of the environmental conditions (e.g., vacuum or air ambient) will also be discussed. Finally, possible mechanisms envisaged to explain grooves formation and still open issues are briefly discussed.
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17
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Zhang Z, Cui Z, Wang H, Jiang C, Zhao J, Ren L. Tribological performance of microstructured surfaces with different wettability from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education and the College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and ControlJilin UniversityChangchun130022People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenquan Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education and the College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022People's Republic of China
| | - Hujun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education and the College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022People's Republic of China
| | - Chaorui Jiang
- College of Mechanical EngineeringXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830047People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education and the College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022People's Republic of China
| | - Luquan Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education and the College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022People's Republic of China
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18
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Hutsaylyuk V, Lytvynenko I, Maruschak P, Dzyura V, Schnell G, Seitz H. A New Method for Modeling the Cyclic Structure of the Surface Microrelief of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V After Processing with Femtosecond Pulses. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13214983. [PMID: 33167467 PMCID: PMC7663938 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A method of computer modeling of a surface relief is proposed, and its efficiency and high accuracy are proven. The method is based on the mathematical model of surface microrelief, using titanium alloy Ti6Al4V subjected to processing with femtosecond pulses as an example. When modeling the examples of microrelief, changes in the shape of segments-cycles of the studied surface processes, which correspond to separate morphological formations, were taken into account. The proposed algorithms were realized in the form of a computer simulation program, which provides for a more accurate description of the geometry of the microrelief segments. It was proven that the new method significantly increases the efficiency of the analysis procedure and processing of signals that characterize self-organized relief formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Hutsaylyuk
- Institute of Robots and Machine Design, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego str. 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-261-839-245
| | - Iaroslav Lytvynenko
- Department of Industrial Automation, Ternopil National Ivan Puuj Technical University, Ruska str. 56, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine; (I.L.); (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Pavlo Maruschak
- Department of Industrial Automation, Ternopil National Ivan Puuj Technical University, Ruska str. 56, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine; (I.L.); (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Volodymyr Dzyura
- Department of Industrial Automation, Ternopil National Ivan Puuj Technical University, Ruska str. 56, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine; (I.L.); (P.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Georg Schnell
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.S.); (H.S.)
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19
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Žemaitis A, Mimidis A, Papadopoulos A, Gečys P, Račiukaitis G, Stratakis E, Gedvilas M. Controlling the wettability of stainless steel from highly-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic by femtosecond laser-induced ripples and nanospikes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37956-37961. [PMID: 35515197 PMCID: PMC9057189 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Results on the manipulation of the wetting properties of stainless steel alloy surface by ultrashort pulse laser texturing are presented. The wide range of water droplet contact angles from highly-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic was achieved by generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and nanospikes. In particular, the wetting state was controlled by accumulated laser fluence, which determines the carbon/oxygen content and nano-texture type of the surface after laser treatment. A super-hydrophobic water-repelling surface was generated. The simple, single-step laser processing technology was demonstrated as a promising tool for the large-scale industrial production of self-cleaning stainless steel. Results on the manipulation of the wetting properties of stainless steel alloy surface by ultrashort pulse laser texturing are presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Žemaitis
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Antonis Papadopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Paulius Gečys
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Račiukaitis
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Mindaugas Gedvilas
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
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20
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Bonse J. Quo Vadis LIPSS?-Recent and Future Trends on Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101950. [PMID: 33007873 PMCID: PMC7601024 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology and lasers are among the most successful and active fields of research and technology that have boomed during the past two decades. Many improvements are based on the controlled manufacturing of nanostructures that enable tailored material functionalization for a wide range of industrial applications, electronics, medicine, etc., and have already found entry into our daily life. One appealing approach for manufacturing such nanostructures in a flexible, robust, rapid, and contactless one-step process is based on the generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). This Perspective article analyzes the footprint of the research area of LIPSS on the basis of a detailed literature search, provides a brief overview on its current trends, describes the European funding strategies within the Horizon 2020 programme, and outlines promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bonse
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Prediction of Optimum Process Parameters Fabricated by Direct Laser Interference Patterning Based on Central Composite Design. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184101. [PMID: 32942779 PMCID: PMC7560272 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the optimization of the direct laser interference patterning process by applying the design of experiments approach. The periodic line-like microstructures of a 8.50 µm spatial period were fabricated by a two-beam interference setup with nanosecond laser pulses, varying laser fluence, pulse overlap, and hatch distance. Central composite design with three factors and five levels was implemented to optimize the required number of experiments. The experimental and numerical results show the impact of various structuring process parameters on surface uniformity. The responses measured are the structure height, height error, and waviness of the pattern. An analysis of the microstructures on the patterned surface was conducted by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A 3D-characterization method based on morphological filtering, which allows a holistic view of the surface properties, was applied, and a new qualification scheme for surface microstructures was introduced. Empirical models were also developed and validated for establishing relationships between process parameters and performance criteria. Multi-objective optimization was performed to achieve a minimal value of structure height errors and waviness.
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22
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Khonina SN, Karpeev SV, Porfirev AP. Sector sandwich structure: an easy-to-manufacture way towards complex vector beam generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27628-27643. [PMID: 32988053 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex polarization-phase transformations that are realized using easy-to-manufacture optical elements are considered. The manufacturing technology of such elements is based on the angular discretization of the required polarization and phase distributions, which allows one to make optical elements in the form of sector sandwich structures consisting of polarized and phase plates stacked together. We analyze analytically and study numerically the main types of such sector sandwich structures for the formation of cylindrical polarizations of various orders. New effects are observed, which result in the appearance of complex polarized beams with vortices of various orders, arising after the passage through polarizing plates and their combinations with differently rotated phase plates. The results of the experimental study of the formed beams using a multichannel diffraction filter are consistent with theory.
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23
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Sustainability Outcomes of Green Processes in Relation to Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing: Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12155968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Green processes are very important for the implementation of green technologies in production to achieve positive sustainability outcomes in the Industry 4.0 era. The scope of the paper is to review how conventional green processes as a part of Industry 4.0 provide sustainability outcomes in manufacturing. The paper is based on the methodology of systematic literature review through the content analysis of literary resources. Twenty-nine studies were included in our content analysis. The results show the main focus of current literature related to Industry 4.0, sustainability outcomes and green processes. The authors present a conceptual Sustainability Green Industry 4.0 (SGI 4.0) framework that helps to structure and evaluate conventional green processes in relation to Industry 4.0 and sustainability. The study summarizes which technologies (big data, cyber-physical systems, Industrial Internet of Things and smart systems) and green processes (logistics, manufacturing and product design) are important for achieving a higher level of sustainability. The authors found that the most often common sustainability outcomes are energy saving, emission reduction, resource optimalization, cost reduction, productivity and efficiency and higher economic performance, human resources development, social welfare and workplace safety. The study suggests implications for practice, knowledge and future research.
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24
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Tsibidis GD, Stratakis E. Ionisation processes and laser induced periodic surface structures in dielectrics with mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8675. [PMID: 32457397 PMCID: PMC7250856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation of solids with ultrashort pulses and laser processing in the mid-Infrared (mid-IR) spectral region is a yet predominantly unexplored field with a large potential for a wide range of applications. In this work, laser driven physical phenomena associated with processes following irradiation of fused silica (SiO2) with ultrashort laser pulses in the mid-IR region are investigated in detail. A multiscale modelling approach is performed that correlates conditions for formation of perpendicular or parallel to the laser polarisation low spatial frequency periodic surface structures for low and high intensity mid-IR pulses (not previously explored in dielectrics at those wavelengths), respectively. Results demonstrate a remarkable domination of tunneling effects in the photoionisation rate and a strong influence of impact ionisation for long laser wavelengths. The methodology presented in this work is aimed to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms in a previously unexplored spectral area and allow a systematic novel surface engineering with strong mid-IR fields for advanced industrial laser applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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25
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All-dry patterning method to fabricate hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface for fog harvesting. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Rossegger E, Nees D, Turisser S, Radl S, Griesser T, Schlögl S. Photo-switching of surface wettability on micropatterned photopolymers for fast transport of water droplets over a long-distance. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Long distance movement (>20 mm) of water droplets across thiol–acrylate photopolymers with inscribed wettability and Laplace pressure gradient is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - D. Nees
- Joanneum Research GmbH
- A-8160 Weiz
- Austria
| | - S. Turisser
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - S. Radl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - T. Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - S. Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
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27
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Ding S, Zhu D, Xue W, Liu W, Cao Y. Picosecond Laser-Induced Hierarchical Periodic Near- and Deep-Subwavelength Ripples on Stainless-Steel Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E62. [PMID: 31888033 PMCID: PMC7022915 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser-induced periodic surface subwavelength ripples, categorized based on the ripple period into near-subwavelength ripples (NSRs) and deep-subwavelength ripples (DSRs), are increasingly found in the variety of materials such as metals, semiconductors and dielectrics. The fabrication of hierarchical periodic NSRs and DSRs on the same laser-irradiated area is still a challenge since the connection between the two remains a puzzle. Here we present an experimental study of linearly polarized picosecond laser-induced hierarchical periodic NSRs and DSRs on stainless-steel surfaces. While experiencing peak power density higher than a threshold value of 91.9 GW/cm2, in the laser-scanned area appear the hierarchical periodic NSRs and DSRs (in particular, the DSRs are vertically located in the valley of parallel NSRs). A large area of the uniformly hierarchical periodic NSRs and DSRs, with the spatial periods 356 ± 17 nm and 58 ± 15 nm, respectively, is fabricated by a set of optimized laser-scanning parameters. A qualitative explanation based on the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modulated periodic coulomb explosion is proposed for unified interpretation of the formation mechanism of hierarchical periodic NSRs and DSRs, which includes lattice orientation of grains as a factor at low peak power density, so that the initial DSRs formed have a clear conformance with the metallic grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ding
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China (W.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Dehua Zhu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronic Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Wei Xue
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China (W.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenwen Liu
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China (W.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronic Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
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28
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Weber FR, Kunz C, Gräf S, Rettenmayr M, Müller FA. Wettability Analysis of Water on Metal/Semiconductor Phases Selectively Structured with Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14990-14998. [PMID: 31687824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were selectively generated on the surface of an Ag-Si alloy consisting of a metallic and a semiconducting phase. For this purpose, the alloy was irradiated with linearly polarized fs-laser pulses (τ = 300 fs, λ = 1025 nm, frep = 100 kHz) using a laser peak fluence F = 0.30 J/cm2. Due to the different light absorption behaviors of the semiconductor (Si) and the metal (Ag) phases that result in different ablation thresholds of the respective phases, pronounced LIPSS with a period of Λ ≈ 950 nm and a modulation depth of h ≈ 220 nm were generated solely on the Si phase. The alloy surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, white-light interference microscopy, and atomic force microscopy before and after laser irradiation. The chemical analysis was carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, revealing surface oxidation of the Si phase and no laser-induced chemical modification of the Ag phase. The surface wettability of the alloy was evaluated with distilled water and compared to those of the single constituents of the composites. After fs-laser irradiation, the surface is characterized by a reduced hydrophilic water contact angle. Furthermore, the alloy selectively structured with LIPSS revealed a droplet shape change due to the distinctly different contact angles on the Si (θ = 5°) and Ag (θ = 74°) phases. This phenomenon was evaluated and discussed by local contact angle analyses using a confocal laser scanning microscope and Rhodamine B dye. In addition, it was shown that the shape change due to different contact angles of the components allowed a targeted droplet movement on a macroscopic material boundary (Ag/Si) of the alloy. Selectively structured metal/semiconductor surfaces might be of particular interest for microfluidic devices with a directional droplet movement and for the fundamental research of wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R Weber
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Löbdergraben 32 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Löbdergraben 32 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Stephan Gräf
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Löbdergraben 32 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Löbdergraben 32 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Frank A Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Löbdergraben 32 , 07743 Jena , Germany
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29
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Chen G, Lodewijks G, Schott DL. Numerical prediction on abrasive wear reduction of bulk solids handling equipment using bionic design. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2018.1480547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Chen
- Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Lodewijks
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- School of Aviation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dingena L. Schott
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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30
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Tribological Properties of High-Speed Uniform Femtosecond Laser Patterning on Stainless Steel. LUBRICANTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants7100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an analysis of the tribological performance of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) treated X5CrNi1810 stainless steel was conducted. The approach followed by authors was to generate LIPSS-patterned circular tracks, composed of radial straight grooves with uniform angular periodicity. This permitted to measure the tribological properties in a pin-on-flat configuration, keeping fixed the orientation between the grooves and the sliding direction. A Stribeck curve was measured, as well as the consequent wear. A deep analysis of the sub-surface conditions after LIPSS generation was moreover performed using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross-section.
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31
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Investigation on Residual Stress Loss during Laser Peen Texturing of 316L Stainless Steel. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laser peen texturing (LPT) is a novelty way of surface texturing based on laser shock processing. One of the most important benefits of LPT is that it can not only fabricate surface textures but also induce residual compressive stress for the target material. However, the residual stress loss leads to partial loss of residual compressive stress and even causes residual tensile stress at the laser spot center. This phenomenon is not conducive to improving the mechanical properties of materials. In this study, a numerical simulation model of LPT was developed and validated by comparison of surface deformation with experiments. In order to investigate the phenomenon of residual stress loss quantitatively, an evaluation method of residual stress field was proposed. The effects of laser power density and laser spot radius on the residual stress, especially the residual stress loss, were systematically investigated. It is found that with the increase of laser power density or laser spot radius, the thickness of residual compressive layer in depth direction becomes larger. However, both the magnitude and the affecting zone size of residual stress loss will be increased, which implies a more severe residual stress loss phenomenon.
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32
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Papadopoulos A, Skoulas E, Mimidis A, Perrakis G, Kenanakis G, Tsibidis GD, Stratakis E. Biomimetic Omnidirectional Antireflective Glass via Direct Ultrafast Laser Nanostructuring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901123. [PMID: 31231905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, a single-step, biomimetic approach for the realization of omnidirectional transparent antireflective glass is reported. In particular, it is shown that circularly polarized ultrashort laser pulses produce self-organized nanopillar structures on fused silica (SiO2 ). The laser-induced nanostructures are selectively textured on the glass surface in order to mimic the spatial randomness, pillar-like morphology, as well as the remarkable antireflection properties found on the wings of the glasswing butterfly, Greta oto, and various Cicada species. The artificial structures exhibit impressive antireflective properties, both in the visible and infrared frequency ranges, which are remarkably stable over time. Accordingly, the laser-processed glass surfaces show reflectivity smaller than 1% for various angles of incidence in the visible spectrum for s-p linearly polarized configurations. However, in the near-infrared spectrum, the laser-textured glass shows higher transmittance compared to the pristine. It is envisaged that the current results will revolutionize the technology of antireflective transparent surfaces and impact numerous applications from glass displays to optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Papadopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Perrakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George D Tsibidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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33
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Ultrafast Laser Surface Texturing: A Sustainable Tool to Modify Wettability Properties of Marble. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11154079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conservation strategies to reduce the degradation of stone caused by the action of water are focusing on increasing the hydrophobicity of the surface by imitating existing solutions in nature (lotus leafs and others). These are mainly based on the existence of hierarchical roughness with micro- and nanoscale structures. In the case of marble, research has focused on protective coatings that sometimes are dangerous for the health and the environment, and with undesirable effects such as color changes or reduction of water vapor permeability of the stone. Laser texturing, however, is an environmentally friendly technique, because no chemicals or toxic waste are added and, moreover, it can process nearly all types of materials. It has been used to change the surface texture of metals and other materials on a micro or even nanometric scale, to meet a specific functional requirement, such as hydrophobicity. The objective of this work was to analyze the feasibility of this technique to provide hydrophobic properties to a marble surface without appreciable changes in its appearance. Therefore, an analysis of the irradiation parameters with ultra-short-pulse laser was performed. Preliminary results demonstrate the ability of this technique to provide hydrophobic character the marble (contact angles well above 90 ∘ ). Besides, the analysis of the treated surfaces in terms of roughness, color and gloss indicates that changes in the appearance of the surface are minimal when properly selecting the process parameters.
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34
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Lazarev G, Chen PJ, Strauss J, Fontaine N, Forbes A. Beyond the display: phase-only liquid crystal on Silicon devices and their applications in photonics [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16206-16249. [PMID: 31163804 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Existing for almost four decades, liquid crystal on Silicon (LCOS) technology is rapidly growing into photonic applications. We review the basics of the technology, from the wafer to the driving solutions, the progress over the last decade and the future outlook. Furthermore we review the most exciting industrial and scientific applications of the LCOS technology.
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35
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Xie Z, Tang Y, Feng J, Liu J, Hu S. Accurate surface profilometry using differential optical sectioning microscopy with structured illumination. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11721-11733. [PMID: 31053014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A differential optical sectioning microscopy with structured-illumination (DOSM-SI) with enhanced axial precision is explored in this paper for three-dimensional (3D) measurement. As the segment of data on the linear region of the contrast depth response curve (CDR) is very sensitive to variation of the height information, the DOSM-SI introduces a new CDR2 with an axial shift to intersect the linear region of the CDR1, which is achieved by using two charge-coupled detectors (CCDs) in the optical path. The CCD1 is located on the imaging plane and the CCD2 is displaced from the imaging plane. The difference between the CDR1 and CDR2 for each pixel is defined as the differential depth response curve (DCDR). Further, the zero-crossing point of the DCDR for each pixel is accurately extracted using the line-fitting technique, and finally, the sample surface can be reconstructed with a high resolution and precision. Since the slope around the zero-crossing point of the DCDR is apparently larger than that of near the focal position, an enhanced resolution and precision can be realized in DOSM-SI. The experiments and theoretical analysis are elaborated to demonstrate the feasibility of DOSM-SI.
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36
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Yang Z, Tian Y, Zhao Y, Yang C. Study on the Fabrication of Super-Hydrophobic Surface on Inconel Alloy via Nanosecond Laser Ablation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E278. [PMID: 30654480 PMCID: PMC6356191 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanosecond laser ablated metallic surfaces showed initial super-hydrophilicity, and then experienced gradual wettability conversion to super-hydrophobicity with the increase of exposing time to ambient air. Due to the presence of hierarchical structures and change of surface chemistry, the laser-induced Inconel alloy surfaces showed a stable apparent contact angle beyond 150° over 30-day air exposure. The wetting states were proposed to elucidate the initial super-hydrophilicity and the final super-hydrophobicity. The basic fundaments behind the wettability conversion was explored by analyzing surface chemistry using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the origins of super-hydrophobicity were identified as the increase of carbon content and the dominance of C⁻C(H) functional group. The C⁻C(H) bond with excellent nonpolarity derived from the chemisorbed airborne hydrocarbons, which resulted in dramatic reduction of surface-free-energy. This study confirmed that the surface chemistry is not the only factor to determine surface super-hydrophobicity. The laser-induced super-hydrophobicity was attributed to the synergistic effect of surface topography and surface chemical compositions. In this work, the corresponding chemical reaction was particularly described to discuss how the airborne hydrocarbons were attached onto the laser ablated surfaces, which reveals the generation mechanism of air-exposed super-hydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory & Equipment Design, Ministry of education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yanling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory & Equipment Design, Ministry of education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory & Equipment Design, Ministry of education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chengjuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory & Equipment Design, Ministry of education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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37
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Wang Q, Shang Y, Hilton DS, Inthavong K, Zhang D, Elgar MA. Antennal scales improve signal detection efficiency in moths. Proc Biol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29540519 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elaborate bipectinate antennae of male moths are thought to increase their sensitivity to female sex pheromones, and so should be favoured by selection. Yet simple filamentous antennae are the most common structure among moths. The stereotypic arrangements of scales on the surface of antennae may resolve this paradox. We use computational fluid dynamics techniques to model how scales on the filamentous antennae of moths affect the passage of different particles in the airflow across the flagellum in both small and large moths. We found that the scales provide an effective solution to improve the efficacy of filamentous antennae, by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, which resemble pheromones, around the antennae. The smaller moths have a greater increase in antennal efficiency than larger moths. The scales also divert microparticles, which resemble dust, away from the antennal surface, thereby reducing contamination. The positive correlations between antennal scale angles and sensilla number across Heliozelidae moths are consistent with the predictions of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yidan Shang
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Douglas S Hilton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kiao Inthavong
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark A Elgar
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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38
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Sartori AF, Orlando S, Bellucci A, Trucchi DM, Abrahami S, Boehme T, Hantschel T, Vandervorst W, Buijnsters JG. Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) on Heavily Boron-Doped Diamond for Electrode Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:43236-43251. [PMID: 30431259 PMCID: PMC6326536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diamond is known as a promising electrode material in the fields of cell stimulation, energy storage (e.g., supercapacitors), (bio)sensing, catalysis, etc. However, engineering its surface and electrochemical properties often requires costly and complex procedures with addition of foreign material (e.g., carbon nanotube or polymer) scaffolds or cleanroom processing. In this work, we demonstrate a novel approach using laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) as a scalable, versatile, and cost-effective technique to nanostructure the surface and tune the electrochemical properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD). We study the effect of LIPSS on heavily doped BDD and investigate its application as electrodes for cell stimulation and energy storage. We show that quasi-periodic ripple structures formed on diamond electrodes laser-textured with a laser accumulated fluence of 0.325 kJ/cm2 (800 nm wavelength) displayed a much higher double-layer capacitance of 660 μF/cm2 than the as-grown BDD (20 μF/cm2) and that an increased charge-storage capacity of 1.6 mC/cm2 (>6-fold increase after laser texturing) and a low impedance of 2.74 Ω cm2 turn out to be appreciable properties for cell stimulation. Additional morphological and structural characterization revealed that ripple formation on heavily boron-doped diamond (2.8 atom % [B]) occurs at much lower accumulated fluences than the 2 kJ/cm2 typically reported for lower doping levels and that the process involves stronger graphitization of the BDD surface. Finally, we show that the exposed interface between sp2 and sp3 carbon layers (i.e. the laser-ablated diamond surface) revealed faster kinetics than the untreated BDD in both ferrocyanide and RuHex mediators, which can be used for electrochemical (bio)sensing. Overall, our work demonstrates that LIPSS is a powerful single-step tool for the fabrication of surface-engineered diamond electrodes with tunable material, electrochemical, and charge-storage properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Sartori
- Department of Precision
and Microsystems Engineering, Research Group of Micro and Nano Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel.: +31 (0)15 27 86089 (A.F.S.)
| | - Stefano Orlando
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Unit of Montelibretti, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Research
Area of Rome 1, Via Salaria
km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bellucci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Unit of Montelibretti, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Research
Area of Rome 1, Via Salaria
km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele M. Trucchi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Unit of Montelibretti, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Research
Area of Rome 1, Via Salaria
km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Shoshan Abrahami
- Department
of Materials and Chemistry, Research Group Electrochemical and Surface
Engineering (SURF), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thijs Boehme
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- IKS-Department of Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wilfried Vandervorst
- Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- IKS-Department of Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josephus G. Buijnsters
- Department of Precision
and Microsystems Engineering, Research Group of Micro and Nano Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel.: +31 (0)15 27 85396 (J.G.B)
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39
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Gregorčič P, Conradi M, Hribar L, Hočevar M. Long-Term Influence of Laser-Processing Parameters on (Super)hydrophobicity Development and Stability of Stainless-Steel Surfaces. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112240. [PMID: 30423878 PMCID: PMC6266256 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the surface wettability represents an important challenge in the field of surface functionalization. Here, the wettability of a stainless-steel surface is modified by 30-ns pulses of a Nd:YAG marking laser (λ = 1064 nm) with peak fluences within the range 3.3–25.1 J cm−2. The short- (40 days), intermediate- (100 days) and long-term (1 year) superhydrophilic-to-(super)hydrophobic transition of the laser-textured surfaces exposed to the atmospheric air is examined by evaluating its wettability in the context of the following parameters: (i) pulse fluence; (ii) scan line separation; (iii) focal position and (iv) wetting period due to contact angle measurements. The results show that using solely a short-term evaluation can lead to wrong conclusions and that the faster development of the hydrophobicity immediately after laser texturing usually leads to lower final contact angle and vice versa, the slower this transition is, the more superhydrophobic the surface is expected to become (possibly even with self-cleaning ability). Depending on laser fluence, the laser-textured surfaces can develop stable or unstable hydrophobicity. Stable hydrophobicity is achieved, if the threshold fluence of 12 J cm−2 is exceeded. We show that by nanosecond-laser texturing a lotus-leaf-like surface with a contact angle above 150° and roll-off angle below 5° can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gregorčič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marjetka Conradi
- Institute of metals and technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Luka Hribar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of metals and technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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40
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Florian Baron C, Mimidis A, Puerto D, Skoulas E, Stratakis E, Solis J, Siegel J. Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2802-2812. [PMID: 30498653 PMCID: PMC6244216 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The replication of complex structures found in nature represents an enormous challenge even for advanced fabrication techniques, such as laser processing. For certain applications, not only the surface topography needs to be mimicked, but often also a specific function of the structure. An alternative approach to laser direct writing of complex structures is the generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), which is based on directed self-organization of the material and allows fabrication of specific micro- and nanostructures over extended areas. In this work, we exploit this approach to fabricate complex biomimetic structures on the surface of steel 1.7131 formed upon irradiation with high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses. In particular, the fabricated structures show similarities to the skin of certain reptiles and integument of insects. Different irradiation parameters are investigated to produce the desired structures, including laser repetition rate and laser fluence, paying special attention to the influence of the number of times the same area is rescanned with the laser. The latter parameter is identified to be crucial for controlling the morphology and size of specific structures. As an example for the functionality of the structures, we have chosen the surface wettability and studied its dependence on the laser processing parameters. Contact angle measurements of water drops placed on the surface reveal that a wide range of angles can be accessed by selecting the appropriate irradiation parameters, highlighting also here the prominent role of the number of scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Florian Baron
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Daniel Puerto
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Javier Solis
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Siegel
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Florian C, Skoulas E, Puerto D, Mimidis A, Stratakis E, Solis J, Siegel J. Controlling the Wettability of Steel Surfaces Processed with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36564-36571. [PMID: 30246525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of a material surface is an essential property that can define the range of applications it can be used for. In the particular case of steel, industrial applications are countless but sometimes limited because of the lack of control over its surface properties. Although different strategies have been proposed to tune the wetting behavior of metal surfaces, most of them require the use of processes such as coatings with different materials or plasma/chemical etching. In this work, we present two different laser-based direct-write strategies that allow tuning the wetting properties of 1.7131 steel over a wide range of contact angles using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser. The strategy consists in the writing of parallel and crossed lines with variable spacing. A detailed morphological analysis confirmed the formation of microstructures superimposed with nanofeatures, forming a hierarchical surface topography that influences the wetting properties of the material surface. Contact angle measurements with water confirm that this behavior is mostly dependent on the line-to-line spacing and the polarization-dependent orientation of the structures. Moreover, we demonstrate that the structures can be easily replicated in a polymer using a laser-fabricated steel master, which enables low-cost mass production. These findings provide a practical route for developing user-defined wetting control for new applications of steel and other materials functionalized by rapid laser structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Florian
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Evangelos Skoulas
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) , N. Plastira 100 , Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Daniel Puerto
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) , N. Plastira 100 , Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) , N. Plastira 100 , Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion , Crete , Greece
| | - Javier Solis
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jan Siegel
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, IO-CSIC , Serrano 121 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
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Hu L, Zhang L, Wang D, Lin X, Chen Y. Fabrication of biomimetic superhydrophobic surface based on nanosecond laser-treated titanium alloy surface and organic polysilazane composite coating. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Gräf S, Kunz C, Engel S, Derrien TJY, Müller FA. Femtosecond Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Fused Silica: The Impact of the Initial Substrate Temperature. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11081340. [PMID: 30072643 PMCID: PMC6119896 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) were investigated upon fs-laser irradiation of fused silica at different initial substrate temperatures, TS. For substrate heating between room temperature, TRT, and TS = 1200 °C, a continuous wave CO2 laser was used as the radiation source. The surface structures generated in the air environment at normal incidence with five successive fs-laser pulses (pulse duration, τ = 300 fs, laser wavelength, λ = 1025 nm, repetition frequency, frep = 1 kHz) were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 2D-Fourier transform analysis. The threshold fluence of fused silica was systematically investigated as a function of TS. It was shown that the threshold fluence for the formation of low-spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) decreases with increasing TS. The results reveal that the initial spatial period observed at TRT is notably increased by increasing TS, finally leading to the formation of supra-wavelength LIPSS. The findings are discussed in the framework of the electromagnetic interference theory, supplemented with an analysis based on thermo-convective instability occurring in the laser-induced molten layer. Our findings provide qualitative insights into the formation mechanisms of LIPSS, which allow improvements of the control of nanostructure formation to be made for corresponding applications of dielectric materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Gräf
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Engel
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Thibault J-Y Derrien
- HiLASE Centre-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnicí 828, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.
| | - Frank A Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Zhao H, Sun Q, Deng X, Cui J. Earthworm-Inspired Rough Polymer Coatings with Self-Replenishing Lubrication for Adaptive Friction-Reduction and Antifouling Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802141. [PMID: 29862579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are able to pass through sticky soil without inducing stains through a self-forming thick lubricating layer on their rough skins. To mimic this earthworm-like lubricating capability, an attempt to create a textured structure on the surface of liquid-releasable polymer coatings by a "breath figure" process is described herein. The resulting coatings exhibit fast and site-specific release behavior under external triggers such as solid-based friction. The released oil is then stabilized by the surface texture to form thick lubricating layers, reducing friction and enhancing wear resistance. Moreover, the coatings also exhibit excellent antifouling property in a sticky soil environment. Because the lubricating layer can be regenerated after consumption, the potential of this self-replenished lubricating mechanism in preparing friction-reduction, antiwear, and antifouling coatings used in solid-based environments is therefore envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixia Zhao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Qiangqiang Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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Bonse J, Kirner SV, Griepentrog M, Spaltmann D, Krüger J. Femtosecond Laser Texturing of Surfaces for Tribological Applications. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050801. [PMID: 29762544 PMCID: PMC5978178 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laser texturing is an emerging technology for generating surface functionalities on basis of optical, mechanical, or chemical properties. Taking benefit of laser sources with ultrashort (fs) pulse durations features outstanding precision of machining and negligible rims or burrs surrounding the laser-irradiation zone. Consequently, additional mechanical or chemical post-processing steps are usually not required for fs-laser surface texturing (fs-LST). This work aimed to provide a bridge between research in the field of tribology and laser materials processing. The paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in fs-LST, with a focus on the tribological performance (friction and wear) of specific self-organized surface structures (so-called ripples, grooves, and spikes) on steel and titanium alloys. On the titanium alloy, specific sickle-shaped hybrid micro-nanostructures were also observed and tribologically tested. Care is taken to identify accompanying effects affecting the materials hardness, superficial oxidation, nano- and microscale topographies, and the role of additives contained in lubricants, such as commercial engine oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bonse
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sabrina V Kirner
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Griepentrog
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dirk Spaltmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jörg Krüger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
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Multifunctional Hierarchical Surface Structures by Femtosecond Laser Processing. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050789. [PMID: 29757240 PMCID: PMC5978166 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical surface structures were fabricated on fused silica by using a fs-laser with a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a wavelength λ = 512 nm. The resulting surface structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and white light interference microscopy. The optical properties were analyzed by transmittance measurements using an integrating sphere and the wettability was evaluated by measuring the water contact angle θ. The silanization of structured fused silica surfaces with trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane allows to switch the wettability from superhydrophilic (θ = 0°) to superhydrophobic behavior with θ exceeding 150°. It was shown that the structured silica surfaces are a suitable master for negative replica casting and that the hierarchical structures can be transferred to polystyrene. The transmittance of structured fused silica surfaces decreases only slightly when compared to unstructured surfaces, which results in high transparency of the structured samples. Our findings facilitate the fabrication of transparent glass samples with tailored wettability. This might be of particular interest for applications in the fields of optics, microfluidics, and biomaterials.
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Wettability and friction control of a stainless steel surface by combining nanosecond laser texturing and adsorption of superhydrophobic nanosilica particles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7457. [PMID: 29748545 PMCID: PMC5945667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present functionalization of AISI 316 L surfaces by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser texturing and adsorption of superhydrophobic fluoroalkylsilane functionalized 30-nm silica nanoparticles. Surface modification by varying the distance between laser-produced micro(μ)-channels leads to different surface roughnesses. After nanosilica coating, the superhydrophilic laser-textured surfaces change into superhydrophobic surfaces with the same μ-roughness. A higher μ-channel density leads to more hydrophobic surfaces after coating. This enables a study of the combined effect of surface wettability and morphology on the friction coefficient and wear resistance. Experiments were performed in dry and water environments. In the case of dry friction, increased μ-roughness leads to a higher friction coefficient, and the water-repellency modification by nanosilica particles has no influence on the tribological behaviour. In contrast, in the water environment, the wettability presents an important contribution to the properties of contact surfaces: hydrophobic surfaces exhibit a lower friction coefficient, especially at higher densities of μ-channels. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of surfaces before and after the tribological experiments is performed, revealing the difference in weight % of Si in the worn surface compared to the unworn surface, which varies according to the nature of the surface morphology due to laser texturing in both dry and water environments.
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Kostal E, Stroj S, Kasemann S, Matylitsky V, Domke M. Fabrication of Biomimetic Fog-Collecting Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Surface Micropatterns Using Femtosecond Lasers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2933-2941. [PMID: 29364677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The exciting functionalities of natural superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces served as inspiration for a variety of biomimetic designs. In particular, the combination of both extreme wetting states to micropatterns opens up interesting applications, as the example of the fog-collecting Namib Desert beetle shows. In this paper, the beetle's elytra were mimicked by a novel three-step fabrication method to increase the fog-collection efficiency of glasses. In the first step, a double-hierarchical surface structure was generated on Pyrex wafers using femtosecond laser structuring, which amplified the intrinsic wetting property of the surface and made it superhydrophilic (water contact angle < 10°). In the second step, a Teflon-like polymer (CF2) n was deposited by a plasma process that turned the laser-structured surface superhydrophobic (water contact angle > 150°). In the last step, the Teflon-like coating was selectively removed by fs-laser ablation to uncover superhydrophilic spots below the superhydrophobic surface, following the example of the Namib Desert beetle's fog-collecting elytra. To investigate the influence on the fog-collection behavior, (super)hydrophilic, (super)hydrophobic, and low and high contrast wetting patterns were fabricated on glass wafers using selected combinations of these three processing steps and were exposed to fog in an artificial nebulizer setup. This experiment revealed that high-contrast wetting patterns collected the highest amount of fog and enhanced the fog-collection efficiency by nearly 60% compared to pristine Pyrex glass. The comparison of the fog-collection behavior of the six samples showed that the superior fog-collection efficiency of surface patterns with extreme wetting contrast is due to the combination of water attraction and water repellency: the superhydrophilic spots act as drop accumulation areas, whereas the surrounding superhydrophobic areas allow a fast water transportation caused by gravity. The presented method enables a fast and flexible surface functionalization of a broad range of materials including transparent substrates, which offers exciting possibilities for the design of biomedical and microfluidic devices.
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Reif J. Surface Functionalization by Laser-Induced Structuring. ADVANCES IN THE APPLICATION OF LASERS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96845-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Zhan Y, Ruan M, Li W, Li H, Hu L, Ma F, Yu Z, Feng W. Fabrication of anisotropic PTFE superhydrophobic surfaces using laser microprocessing and their self-cleaning and anti-icing behavior. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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