1
|
Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Bioactive lipids in the skin barrier mediate its functionality in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108681. [PMID: 38897295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our skin protects us from external threats including ultraviolet radiation, pathogens and chemicals, and prevents excessive trans-epidermal water loss. These varied activities are reliant on a vast array of lipids, many of which are unique to skin, and that support physical, microbiological and immunological barriers. The cutaneous physical barrier is dependent on a specific lipid matrix that surrounds terminally-differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. Sebum- and keratinocyte-derived lipids cover the skin's surface and support and regulate the skin microbiota. Meanwhile, lipids signal between resident and infiltrating cutaneous immune cells, driving inflammation and its resolution in response to pathogens and other threats. Lipids of particular importance include ceramides, which are crucial for stratum corneum lipid matrix formation and therefore physical barrier functionality, fatty acids, which contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface and regulate the microbiota, as well as the stratum corneum lipid matrix, and bioactive metabolites of these fatty acids, involved in cell signalling, inflammation, and numerous other cutaneous processes. These diverse and complex lipids maintain homeostasis in healthy skin, and are implicated in many cutaneous diseases, as well as unrelated systemic conditions with skin manifestations, and processes such as ageing. Lipids also contribute to the gut-skin axis, signalling between the two barrier sites. Therefore, skin lipids provide a valuable resource for exploration of healthy cutaneous processes, local and systemic disease development and progression, and accessible biomarker discovery for systemic disease, as well as an opportunity to fully understand the relationship between the host and the skin microbiota. Investigation of skin lipids could provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and help identify new targets for interventions. Development and improvement of existing in vitro and in silico approaches to explore the cutaneous lipidome, as well as advances in skin lipidomics technologies, will facilitate ongoing progress in skin lipid research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jawaji A, Goldberg IK, Zilberg D. Exploring the use of fatty acid ethyl esters as a potential natural solution for the treatment of fish parasitic diseases. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13991. [PMID: 38943443 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Alternatives to conventional chemical treatments for parasitic diseases in fish are needed. Microalgal-sourced fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have shown an antiparasitic effect against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infection in guppies. Here, we tested a range of commercial FAEEs of various carbon chain lengths and unsaturation levels against two fish parasites. Guppies and barramundi infected with G. turnbulli and Trichodina sp., respectively, were used. The most effective FAEE, after excluding those toxic to fish, was ethyl laurate (12:0). For both parasites, the LD50 was 18.75 μM within 250 min of incubation. Ethyl eicosapentaenoate (20:5n3) was the next most effective FAEE against G. turnbulli, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ethyl ester (20:3n6) and ethyl α-linolenate (18:3n3) were the next most effective against Trichodina sp. In addition, FAEEs prepared from the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum residue, after fucoxanthin extraction, were examined against Trichodina sp. infection in barramundi for the first time. LD85 and LD100 was achieved at 2.5 and 5 μL mL-1 of the FAEE preparation, respectively. In vivo, immersion of infected barramundi in 1.25 μL mL-1 of this preparation for 24 h reduced infection prevalence from 100% to 53% and was non-toxic to fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunjyothi Jawaji
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin Goldberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Dina Zilberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wils L, Yagmur M, Bellin N, Phelippe M, Chevalley A, Bodet C, Boudesocque-Delaye L. Innovative Alkanediol-Based Eutectic Solvents for Extracting/Pre-Formulating Dermatologically Valuable Free Fatty Acids from Spirulina and Porphyridium Cakes. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:281. [PMID: 38921592 PMCID: PMC11205152 DOI: 10.3390/md22060281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for phycobiliproteins from microalgae generates a significant volume of by-products, such as extraction cakes. These cakes are enriched with products of interest for the cosmetics market, namely free fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated (PUFA). In this work, two cakes, one of spirulina and one of Porphyridium cruentum, were valorized using innovative natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) based on alkanediols. The most promising NaDES, as determined by physicochemical properties and screening, are mixtures of alkanediols and fatty acids. These include the mixtures of 1,3-propanediol and octanoic acid (1:5, mol/mol) and 1,3-propanediol and octanoic and decanoic acid (1:3:1, mol/mol). Two extractive processes were implemented: ultrasound-assisted extraction and an innovative mechanical process involving dual asymmetric centrifugation. The second process resulted in the production of extracts significantly enriched in PUFA, ranging from 65 to 220 mg/g dry matter with the two cakes. The extracts and NaDES demonstrated good safety with respect to epidermal keratinocyte viability (>80% at 200 µg/mL). The study of their impact on commensal and pathogenic cutaneous bacteria demonstrated significant effects on the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (>50% decrease at 200 µg/mL) while preserving Corynebacterium xerosis and Cutibacterium acnes. These results highlight the potential of valorizing these co-products using alkanediol-based NaDES, in a strategy combining an active vector (NaDES) and a growth regulator extract, for the management of cutaneous dysbiosis involving staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wils
- UR 7502 SIMBA, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mervé Yagmur
- UR 7502 SIMBA, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Bellin
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France (C.B.)
| | - Myriam Phelippe
- Aqua Eco Culture, 7 Rue d’Armor Maroué, 22400 Lamballe, France
| | - Alia Chevalley
- Aqua Eco Culture, 7 Rue d’Armor Maroué, 22400 Lamballe, France
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France (C.B.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Gao L, Lin H, Liang Y, You M, Ding L, Feng F, Yang B, Liu Y. Discovery of Antibacterial Compounds against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri from a Marine Fungus Aspergillus terreus SCSIO 41202 and the Mode of Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12596-12606. [PMID: 38771666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a severe citrus disease. Currently, copper-containing pesticides are widely used to manage this disease, posing high risks to the environment and human health. This study reports the discovery of naturally occurring anti-Xcc compounds from a deep-sea fungus, Aspergillus terreus SCSIO 41202, and the possible mode of action. The ethyl acetate extract of A. terreus was subjected to bioassay-guided isolation, resulting in the discovery of eight anti-Xcc compounds (1-8) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.078 to 0.625 mg/mL. The chemical structures of these eight metabolites were determined by integrative analysis of various spectroscopic data. Among these compounds, Asperporonin A (1) and Asperporonin B (2) were identified as novel compounds with a very unusual structural skeleton. The electronic circular dichroism was used to determine the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 through quantum chemical calculation. A bioconversion pathway involving pinacol rearrangement was proposed to produce the unusual compounds (1-2). Compound 6 exhibited an excellent anti-Xcc effect with a MIC value of 0.078 mg/mL, which was significantly more potent than the positive control CuSO4 (MIC = 0.3125 mg/mL). Compound 6 inhibited cell growth by disrupting biofilm formation, destroying the cell membrane, and inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In vivo tests indicated that compound 6 is highly effective in controlling citrus canker disease. These results indicate that compounds 1-8, especially 6, have the potential as lead compounds for the development of new, environmentally friendly, and efficient anti-Xcc pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liangliang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Huiting Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Mingnan You
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lijian Ding
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fangjian Feng
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tompkins YH, Choppa VSR, Kim WK. n-3 enriched Fish oil diet enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in broilers after Eimeria infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103660. [PMID: 38552568 PMCID: PMC11000185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. results in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched fish oil on growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity, and intestinal immune response of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 576 fourteen-day-old broilers were randomly assigned in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising 2 diets supplemented with either 5% fish oil or 5% soybean oil, and 3 Eimeria spp. infection levels: a nonchallenge control, a low dose of Eimeria challenge, and a high challenge dose. The results of the study revealed significant interactions between diet and Eimeria challenge to parameters of gut barrier integrity and feed intake. A significant interaction was observed in feed intake between 5 and 8 d postinfection (DPI), where the fish oil groups exhibited a higher amount of feed intake compared to the soybean oil diet groups after coccidiosis infection. The effects of the fish oil diet resulted in enhanced gut barrier integrity, as evidenced by a trend of decreased gastrointestinal leakage and a lower mean of small intestine lesion scores after Eimeria challenge. Additionally, significant interactions were noted between Eimeria spp. challenge and diet regarding jejunal crypt depth. The positive impact of the fish oil diet was particularly noticeable with the high Eimeria challenge dose. Overall, these findings underscore the relationship between the fish oil diet and Eimeria challenge on broiler chicken intestinal health. Dietary supplementation of fish oil has the potential to maintain small intestine barrier integrity with severe Eimeria infection conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Hou Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng T, Yu D, Liu B, Qiu X, Tang Q, Li G, Zhou L, Wen Z. Oily fish reduces the risk of acne by lowering fasting insulin levels: A Mendelian randomization study. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3964-3972. [PMID: 38873457 PMCID: PMC11167188 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat intake, particularly from oily fish, has been associated with various chronic diseases. However, its relationship with acne has always been controversial. Therefore, we have adopted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between different types of meat intake and acne. The exposure and outcome datasets for this study were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS project. Seven datasets on meat intake were included, which consisted of non-oily fish, oily fish, lamb/mutton, poultry, pork, beef, and processed meat. The main methods used for MR analysis were inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-egger. To ensure the accuracy of the results, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analyses were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of four risk factors (fasting insulin, insulin resistance, total testosterone level, and estradiol level) was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking statistically significant meat intake to acne. Oily fish intake was found to be a protective factor for acne (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.49, p < .001), and it was also observed that oily fish intake can reduce the level of fasting insulin by the IVW method (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98, p = .02). No causal relationship was identified between other types of meat intake and acne. The intake of oily fish reduces the risk of acne by lowering fasting insulin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cheng
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongdong Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xingying Qiu
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Tang
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zehuai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Science and Technology Innovation Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Chai S, Li M, Chen X, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Xie J, Yu Y, Gao F, Zhu F, Yang L. A nanoparticle-based sonodynamic therapy reduces Helicobacter pylori infection in mouse without disrupting gut microbiota. Nat Commun 2024; 15:844. [PMID: 38286999 PMCID: PMC10825188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection by Helicobacter pylori, a prevalent global pathogen, currently requires antibiotic-based treatments, which often lead to antimicrobial resistance and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Here, we develop a non-antibiotic approach using sonodynamic therapy mediated by a lecithin bilayer-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) nanoparticle preloaded with verteporfin, Ver-PLGA@Lecithin, in conjunction with localized ultrasound exposure of a dosage permissible for ultrasound medical devices. This study reveals dual functionality of Ver-PLGA@Lecithin. It effectively neutralizes vacuolating cytotoxin A, a key virulence factor secreted by H. pylori, even in the absence of ultrasound. When coupled with ultrasound exposure, it inactivates H. pylori by generating reactive oxygen species, offering a potential solution to overcome antimicrobial resistance. In female mouse models bearing H. pylori infection, this sonodynamic therapy performs comparably to the standard triple therapy in reducing gastric infection. Significantly, unlike the antibiotic treatments, the sonodynamic therapy does not negatively disrupt gut microbiota, with the only major impact being upregulation of Lactobacillus, which is a bacterium widely used in yogurt products and probiotics. This study presents a promising alternative to the current antibiotic-based therapies for H. pylori infection, offering a reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance and minimal disturbance to the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuang Chai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zehui Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yunpeng Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mijaljica D, Townley JP, Spada F, Harrison IP. The heterogeneity and complexity of skin surface lipids in human skin health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101264. [PMID: 37940006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The outermost epidermal layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, is not simply a barrier that safeguards skin integrity from external insults and invaders, it is also a delicately integrated interface composed of firm, essentially dead corneocytes and a distinctive lipid matrix. Together, the stratum corneum lipid matrix and sebum lipids derived from sebaceous glands give rise to a remarkably complex but quite unique blend of skin surface lipids that demonstrates tremendous heterogeneity and provides the skin with its indispensable protective coating. The stratum corneum lipid matrix is composed primarily of three major lipid classes: ceramides, non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol, whereas sebum is a waxy mixture predominantly composed of acylglycerols, wax esters, non-esterified fatty acids, squalene, cholesterol and cholesterol esters. The balance of these skin surface lipids in terms of their relative abundance, composition, molecular organisation and dynamics, and their intricate interactions play a crucial role in the maintenance of healthy skin. For that reason, even minuscule alterations in skin surface lipid properties or overall lipid profile have been implicated in the aetiology of many common skin diseases including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, xerosis, ichthyosis and acne. Novel lipid-based interventions aimed at correcting the skin surface lipid abnormalities have the potential to repair skin barrier integrity and the symptoms associated with such skin diseases, even though the exact mechanisms of lipid restoration remain elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Mijaljica
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia.
| | - Joshua P Townley
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia.
| | - Fabrizio Spada
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia.
| | - Ian P Harrison
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hamada S, Nakamura Y, Gomi M. Antibacterial toner exhibits bactericidal effect against Cutibacterium acnes via keratin and sebum plug penetration. JOURNAL OF MICROORGANISM CONTROL 2024; 29:63-73. [PMID: 38880618 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.29.2_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is an opportunistic pathogen recognized as a contributing factor to acne vulgaris. The accumulation of keratin and sebum plugs in hair follicles facilitates C. acnes proliferation, leading to inflammatory acne. Although numerous antimicrobial cosmetic products for acne-prone skin are available, their efficacy is commonly evaluated against planktonic cells of C. acnes. Limited research has assessed the antimicrobial effects on microorganisms within keratin and sebum plugs. This study investigates whether an antibacterial toner can penetrate keratin and sebum plugs, exhibiting bactericidal effects against C. acnes. Scanning electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing analysis of the keratin and sebum plug suggest that C. acnes proliferate within the plug, predominantly in a biofilm-like morphology. To clarify the potential bactericidal effect of the antibacterial toner against C. acnes inside keratin and sebum plugs, we immersed the plugs in the toner, stained them with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit to visualize microorganism viability, and observed them using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results indicate that most microorganisms in the plugs were killed by the antibacterial toner. To quantitatively evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of the toner against C. acnes within keratin and sebum, we immersed an artificial plug with inoculated C. acnes type strain and an isolate collected from acne-prone skin into the toner and obtained viable cell counts. The number of the type strain and the isolate inside the artificial plug decreased by over 2.2 log and 1.2 log, respectively, showing that the antibacterial toner exhibits bactericidal effects against C. acnes via keratin and sebum plug penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hamada
- Core Technology Research Department, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Gomi
- Core Technology Research Department, Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hammadi Al-Ogaidi DA, Karaçam S, Gurbanov R, Vardar-Yel N. Marine Microalgae Schizochytrium sp. S31: Potential Source for New Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agent. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1478-1488. [PMID: 38465428 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010291960240223054911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the discovery of new, safe, and bioactive antimicrobial compounds. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of microalgae makes them a potential candidate for developing natural antibiotics to limit microbial infection in various fields. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of Schizochytrium sp. S31 microalgae by broth microdilution and spot plate assays. METHODS The antibacterial effects of Schizochytrium sp. S31 extract was studied on gramnegative pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli 35218, Klebsiella pneumonia, which cause many different human infections, and the gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus mutans. At the same time, the antibiofilm activity of the Schizochytrium sp. S31 extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli 35218 bacteria were investigated by crystal violet staining method. RESULTS Schizochytrium sp. S31 extract at a 60% concentration for 8 hours displayed the highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli 35218, and K. pneumonia, with a decrease of 87%, 92%, and 98% in cell viability, respectively. The experiment with Streptococcus mutans revealed a remarkable antibacterial effect at a 60% extract concentration for 24 hours, leading to a notable 93% reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, the extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and E. coli 35218. The concentration of 60% extract was identified as the most effective dosage in terms of inhibition. CONCLUSION This research emphasizes the potential of Schizochytrium sp. S31 as a natural antibacterial and antibiofilm agent with promising applications in the pharmaceutical sectors. This is the first study to examine the antibacterial activity of Schizochytrium sp. S31 microalgae using broth microdilution, spot plate assays, and the antibiofilm activity by a crystal staining method. The findings of this study show that Schizochytrium sp. S31 has antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against critical bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevinç Karaçam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Rafig Gurbanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Vardar-Yel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Altinbas University, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arumugam P, Kielian T. Metabolism Shapes Immune Responses to Staphylococcus aureus. J Innate Immun 2023; 16:12-30. [PMID: 38016430 PMCID: PMC10766399 DOI: 10.1159/000535482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections that can result in various clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe disease. The bacterium utilizes different combinations of virulence factors and biofilm formation to establish a successful infection, and the emergence of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains introduces additional challenges for infection management and treatment. SUMMARY Metabolic programming of immune cells regulates the balance of energy requirements for activation and dictates pro- versus anti-inflammatory function. Recent investigations into metabolic adaptations of leukocytes and S. aureus during infection indicate that metabolic crosstalk plays a crucial role in pathogenesis. Furthermore, S. aureus can modify its metabolic profile to fit an array of niches for commensal or invasive growth. KEY MESSAGES Here we focus on the current understanding of immunometabolism during S. aureus infection and explore how metabolic crosstalk between the host and S. aureus influences disease outcome. We also discuss how key metabolic pathways influence leukocyte responses to other bacterial pathogens when information for S. aureus is not available. A better understanding of how S. aureus and leukocytes adapt their metabolic profiles in distinct tissue niches may reveal novel therapeutic targets to prevent or control invasive infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Arumugam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee JY, Kim S, Kim D, Cho Y, Kim KP. The influence of dietary patterns on skin bacterial diversity, composition, and co-occurrence relationships at forearm and neck sites of healthy Korean adults. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad211. [PMID: 37699790 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diet and nutrition are important aspects of skin physiology and health. However, the influence of diet on the bacterial flora of different skin sites is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dietary patterns (DPs) and skin bacterial flora on the forearm (a dry site) and the neck (a sebaceous site) of healthy Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS In metagenomics analysis, Shannon and Simpson indices were higher on the forearm than on the neck and were negatively correlated with the two dominant species, Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, on two skin sites. In addition, the Simpson index of the forearm was positively associated with DP1 (characterized by a high intake of vegetables, mushrooms, meat, fish and shellfish, seaweed, and fat and oil), while that on the neck was negatively associated with DP2 (characterized by a high intake of fast food). A high intake of DP1 was associated with a lower abundance of dominant species, including C. acnes, and higher degrees of the co-occurrence network, whereas a high intake of DP2 was associated with the opposite pattern. CONCLUSIONS Specific diets may impact both skin bacterial diversity and composition, as well as the co-occurrence of bacteria, which may vary across different skin sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seayonn Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyu Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhi Cho
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Pyo Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanomaterials and Coatings for Managing Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020310. [PMID: 36830221 PMCID: PMC9952333 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are a global health concern responsible for 65 to 80% of the total number of acute and persistent nosocomial infections, which lead to prolonged hospitalization and a huge economic burden to the healthcare systems. Biofilms are organized assemblages of surface-bound cells, which are enclosed in a self-produced extracellular polymer matrix (EPM) of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. The EPM holds the pathogens together and provides a functional environment, enabling adhesion to living and non-living surfaces, mechanical stability, next to enhanced tolerance to host immune responses and conventional antibiotics compared to free-floating cells. Furthermore, the close proximity of cells in biofilms facilitates the horizontal transfer of genes, which is responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance. Given the growing number and impact of resistant bacteria, there is an urgent need to design novel strategies in order to outsmart bacterial evolutionary mechanisms. Antibiotic-free approaches that attenuate virulence through interruption of quorum sensing, prevent adhesion via EPM degradation, or kill pathogens by novel mechanisms that are less likely to cause resistance have gained considerable attention in the war against biofilm infections. Thereby, nanoformulation offers significant advantages due to the enhanced antibacterial efficacy and better penetration into the biofilm compared to bulk therapeutics of the same composition. This review highlights the latest developments in the field of nanoformulated quorum-quenching actives, antiadhesives, and bactericides, and their use as colloid suspensions and coatings on medical devices to reduce the incidence of biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bacho M, Artigas V, Araya-Contreras T, Bittner M, Escobar CA, Fuentealba M, Becerra J, Fajardo V, San-Martín A. Synthesis, characterisation, crystal structure and antimicrobial evaluation of novel 6-alkoxyergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one derived from natural ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:16-23. [PMID: 34187247 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1946534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a facile transformation starting from 5α-hydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-3,6-dione (1) to afford two novel compounds: 6-methoxyergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2) and 6-ethoxyergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (3) using alcoholic acid catalysis. Their structures were elucidated using NMR experiments, FT-IR, MS and X-ray analysis. These compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity using the disk and broth diffusion test. In those tests, compound 3 was found to be the most significant antibacterial agent. In general, compounds 1-3 showed inhibition zone in the range of 7.00-12.3 mm for S. aureus and S. mutans, meanwhile for Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. was found to be in the range of 7.00-8.00 mm. For the most active, compound 3, MIC was significantly lower than that reported for ergosterol, in a value of 160 µg/mL. Overall, these compounds were more active than their natural precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bacho
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vania Artigas
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tiare Araya-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología Oral, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Bittner
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología Oral, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos A Escobar
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux San Miguel, Santiago. Chile
| | - Mauricio Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Becerra
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Victor Fajardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Aurelio San-Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Antimicrobial and Toxicity Influence of Six Carrier Oils on Essential Oil Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010030. [PMID: 36615224 PMCID: PMC9821837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Essential oil compounds have been identified as alternative antimicrobials; however, their use is limited due to their toxicity on human lymphocytes, skin, and reproduction. Carrier oils can reduce the toxicity of essential oils, which raises the question as to whether such activity would extend to the essential oil compounds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and toxicity activity of essential oil compounds in combination with carrier oils. The antimicrobial properties of the essential oil compounds, alone and in combination with carrier oils, were determined using the broth microdilution assay. The toxicity was determined using the brine shrimp lethality assay. Antimicrobial synergy (ΣFIC ≤ 0.50) occurred in 3% of the samples when tested against the ESKAPE pathogens. The compound thymoquinone in combination with the carrier oil Prunus armeniaca demonstrated broad-spectrum synergistic activity and a selectivity index above four, highlighting this combination as the most favorable. The carrier oils reduced the toxicity of several compounds, with Calendula officinalis and P. armeniaca carrier oils being responsible for the majority of the reduced toxicity observed. This study provides insight into the interactions that may occur when adding a carrier oil to essential oil compounds.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chanthasena P, Hua Y, Rosyidah A, Pathom-Aree W, Limphirat W, Nantapong N. Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Streptomyces actinomycinicus PJ85 and Their In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121797. [PMID: 36551454 PMCID: PMC9774200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains are a global health-threatening problem. Drug-resistant microbes have compromised the control of infectious diseases. Therefore, the search for a novel class of antibiotic drugs is necessary. Streptomycetes have been described as the richest source of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. This study was aimed to characterize the antibacterial compounds of Streptomyces sp. PJ85 isolated from dry dipterocarp forest soil in Northeast Thailand. The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that PJ85 possessed a high similarity to Streptomyces actinomycinicus RCU-197T of 98.90%. The PJ85 strain was shown to produce antibacterial compounds that were active against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The active compounds of PJ85 were extracted and purified using silica gel column chromatography. Two active antibacterial compounds, compound 1 and compound PJ85_F39, were purified and characterized with spectroscopy, including liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Compound 1 was identified as actinomycin D, and compound PJ85_F39 was identified as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the purification and characterization of the antibacterial compounds of S. actinomycinicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panjamaphon Chanthasena
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - A’liyatur Rosyidah
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Wasu Pathom-Aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Limphirat
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Nantapong
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-442-242-82
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Souza Pereira R. Treatment of Resistant Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents Using Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium, Phosphate and Fatty Acids (Omega 6 and 7): Comparison with 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:706-716. [PMID: 35876008 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The burden of disease associated with acne vulgaris has continued to increase over time in the world population. This continued growth suggests that there is an unmet dermatologic need for this condition worldwide. Potential sequelae of acne, such as scarring, depigmentation, and marked emotional and psychological problems (e.g., low self-esteem), can lead to significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with magnesium, phosphate, omega 6 (linoleic acid calcium salt - C18:2 fatty acid Ca salt), and omega 7 (palmitoleic acid calcium salt - C16:1 fatty acid Ca salt) would help patients with acne vulgaris, and to compare with isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid). Magnesium has anti-inflammatory properties. Linoleic and palmitoleic acids have bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes). A single-blind randomized study was conducted in which 257 patients were treated with the above dietary supplementation (group A) and 275 patients with isotretinoin (group B) for 6 months. All patients in group A (100%) reported complete regression of symptoms after 6 months of treatment. On the other hand, 187 subjects (68%) in group B reported complete resolution of symptoms during the same period. The difference between the groups (p < 0.05) was statistically significant. The study was approved by the CEP/CONEP. This natural formulation promotes regression and/or cure of acne vulgaris symptoms and has better results than drugs (such as isotretinoin), without significant side effects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hydrolysis of Edible Oils by Fungal Lipases: An Effective Tool to Produce Bioactive Extracts with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121711. [PMID: 35741908 PMCID: PMC9222666 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis of olive, rapeseed, linseed, almond, peanut, grape seed and menhaden oils was performed with commercial lipases of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus niveus, Rhizomucor miehei and Candida rugosa. In chromogenic plate tests, olive, rapeseed, peanut and linseed oils degraded well even after 2 h of incubation, and the R. miehei, A. niger and R. oryzae lipases exhibited the highest overall action against the oils. Gas chromatography analysis of vegetable oils hydrolyzed by R. miehei lipase revealed about 1.1 to 38.4-fold increases in the concentrations of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids after the treatment, depending on the fatty acids and the oil. The major polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by R. miehei lipase treatment from menhaden oil were linoleic, α-linolenic, hexadecanedioic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, with yields from 12.02 to 52.85 µg/mL reaction mixture. Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing power assays demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity for most tested oils after the lipase treatment in relation to the concentrations of some fatty acids. Some lipase-treated and untreated samples of oils, at 1.25 mg/mL lipid concentration, inhibited the growth of food-contaminating bacteria. The lipid mixtures obtained can be reliable sources of extractable fatty acids with health benefits.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mohamed H, Marusich E, Afanasev Y, Leonov S. Bacterial Outer Membrane Permeability Increase Underlies the Bactericidal Effect of Fatty Acids From Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Larvae Fat Against Hypermucoviscous Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:844811. [PMID: 35602017 PMCID: PMC9121012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.844811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Behind expensive treatments, Klebsiella pneumoniae infections account for extended hospitalization’s high mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the activity and mechanism of the antimicrobial action of a fatty acid-containing extract (AWME3) isolated from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae fat against K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae standard NDM-1 carbapenemase-producing ATCC BAA-2473 strain, along with a wild-type hypermucoviscous clinical isolate, strain K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae KPi1627, and an environmental isolate, strain K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae KPM9. We classified these strains as extensive multidrug-resistant (XDR) or multiple antibiotic-resistant (MDR) demonstrated by a susceptibility assay against 14 antibiotics belonging to ten classes of antibiotics. Antibacterial properties of fatty acids extracted from the HI larvae fat were evaluated using disk diffusion method, microdilution, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), half of the inhibitory concentration (MIC50), and bactericidal assays. In addition, the cytotoxocity of AWME3 was tested on human HEK293 cells, and AWME3 lipid profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. For the first time, we demonstrated that the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of fatty acid-containing extract (AWME3) of the HI larvae fat tested at 20 mg/ml was 16.52 ± 0.74 and 14.23 ± 0.35 mm against colistin-resistant KPi1627 and KPM9, respectively. It was 19.72 ± 0.51 mm against the colistin-susceptible K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2473 strain. The MIC and MBC were 250 μg/ml for all the tested bacteria strains, indicating the bactericidal effect of AWME3. The MIC50 values were 155.6 ± 0.009 and 160.1 ± 0.008 μg/ml against the KPi1627 and KPM9 isolates, respectively, and 149.5 ± 0.013 μg/ml against the ATCC BAA-2473 strain in the micro-dilution assay. For the first time, we demonstrated that AWME3 dose-dependently increased bacterial cell membrane permeability as determined by the relative electric conductivity (REC) of the K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2473 suspension, and that none of the strains did not build up resistance to extended AWME3 treatment using the antibiotic resistance assay. Cytotoxicity assay showed that AWME3 is safe for human HEK293 cells at IC50 266.1 μg/ml, while bactericidal for all the strains of bacteria at the same concentration. Free fatty acids (FFAs) and their derivatives were the significant substances among 33 compounds identified by the GC-MS analysis of AWME3. Cis-oleic and palmitoleic acids represent the most abundant unsaturated FAs (UFAs), while palmitic, lauric, stearic, and myristic acids were the most abundant saturated FAs (SFAs) of the AWME3 content. Bactericidal resistant-free AWM3 mechanism of action provides a rationale interpretations and the utility of HI larvae fat to develop natural biocidal resistance-free formulations that might be promising therapeutic against Gram-negative MDR bacteria causing nosocomial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heakal Mohamed
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elena Marusich
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- *Correspondence: Elena Marusich,
| | - Yuriy Afanasev
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sergey Leonov,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chautrand T, Souak D, Chevalier S, Duclairoir-Poc C. Gram-Negative Bacterial Envelope Homeostasis under Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress. Microorganisms 2022; 10:924. [PMID: 35630368 PMCID: PMC9144841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are frequently exposed to endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which can damage various biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. High concentrations of these molecules can induce oxidative and nitrosative stresses in the cell. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are notably used as a tool by prokaryotes and eukaryotes to eradicate concurrent species or to protect themselves against pathogens. The main example is mammalian macrophages that liberate high quantities of reactive species to kill internalized bacterial pathogens. As a result, resistance to these stresses is determinant for the survival of bacteria, both in the environment and in a host. The first bacterial component in contact with exogenous molecules is the envelope. In Gram-negative bacteria, this envelope is composed of two membranes and a layer of peptidoglycan lodged between them. Several mechanisms protecting against oxidative and nitrosative stresses are present in the envelope, highlighting the importance for the cell to deal with reactive species in this compartment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the challenges posed by oxidative and nitrosative stresses to the Gram-negative bacterial envelope and the mechanisms put in place in this compartment to prevent and repair the damages they can cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cécile Duclairoir-Poc
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Rouen Normandy University, Normandy University, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France; (T.C.); (D.S.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mudgil P. Antimicrobial Tear Lipids in the Ocular Surface Defense. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:866900. [PMID: 35433501 PMCID: PMC9008483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.866900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of antimicrobial lipids as effectors of innate host defense is an emerging field. There is limited knowledge on the antimicrobial role of lipids in the ocular environment. Tears act as first line of defense to protect the ocular surface from infections. Antimicrobial effects of tear lipids have been demonstrated using meibomian lipids that are the source of majority of lipids in tears. This article describes the knowledge available on the antimicrobial role of tear lipids at the ocular surface and the antimicrobial potential of various lipid classes present in tears that can contribute to antimicrobial protection of the eye. Like other mucosal secretions, tears contain many proteins and lipids with known antimicrobial effects. The antimicrobial defense of tears is far stronger than can be demonstrated by the effects of individual compounds many of which are present in low concentrations but synergistic and additive interactions between them provide substantial antimicrobial protection to the ocular surface. It is inferred that antimicrobial lipids play important role in innate defense of tears, and cooperative interactions between various antimicrobial lipids and proteins in tears provide a potent host defense mechanism that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and renders self-sterilizing properties to tears for keeping the microbial load low at the ocular surface.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shah AM, Yang W, Mohamed H, Zhang Y, Song Y. Microbes: A Hidden Treasure of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:827837. [PMID: 35369055 PMCID: PMC8968027 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.827837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes have gained a lot of attention for their potential in producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs are gaining scientific interest due to their important health-promoting effects on higher organisms including humans. The current sources of PUFAs (animal and plant) have associated limitations that have led to increased interest in microbial PUFAs as most reliable alternative source. The focus is on increasing the product value of existing oleaginous microbes or discovering new microbes by implementing new biotechnological strategies in order to compete with other sources. The multidisciplinary approaches, including metabolic engineering, high-throughput screening, tapping new microbial sources, genome-mining as well as co-culturing and elicitation for the production of PUFAs, have been considered and discussed in this review. The usage of agro-industrial wastes as alternative low-cost substrates in fermentation for high-value single-cell oil production has also been discussed. Multidisciplinary approaches combined with new technologies may help to uncover new microbial PUFA sources that may have nutraceutical and biotechnological importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yingtong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Surface Functionalization of Ureteral Stents-Based Polyurethane: Engineering Antibacterial Coatings. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051676. [PMID: 35268903 PMCID: PMC8910958 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of polyurethane (PU) ureteral stents usually leads to severe and challenging clinical complications. As such, there is an increasing demand for an effective response to this unmet medical challenge. In this study, we offer a strategy based on the functionalization of PU stents with chitosan-fatty acid (CS-FA) derivatives to prevent bacterial colonization. Three different fatty acids (FAs), namely stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), and linoleic acid (LinA), were successfully grafted onto chitosan (CS) polymeric chains. Afterwards, CS-FA derivatives-based solutions were coated on the surface of PU stents. The biological performance of the modified PU stents was evaluated against the L929 cell line, confirming negligible cytotoxicity of the developed coating formulations. The antibacterial potential of coated PU stents was also evaluated against several microorganisms. The obtained data indicate that the base material already presents an adequate performance against Staphylococcus aureus, which slightly improved with the coating. However, the performance of the PU stents against Gram-negative bacteria was markedly increased with the surface functionalization approach herein used. As a result, this study reveals the potential use of CS-FA derivatives for surface functionalization of ureteral PU stents and allows for conjecture on its successful application in other biomedical devices.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dietary supplementation with microalgae enhances the zebrafish growth performance by modulating immune status and gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:773-788. [PMID: 34989826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are known to be abundant in various habitats around the globe, and are rich in high value-added products such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and pigments. Microalgae can be exploited as the basic and primitive food source of aquatic animals. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp., Spirulina platensis, Chloroella sorokiniana, Chromochloris zofingiensis, and Dunaliella salina on the growth performance, immune status, and intestinal health of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that these five microalgae diets could improve the feed conversion rate (FCR), especially the D. salina (FCR = 1.02%) and Schizochytrium sp. (FCR = 1.20%) additive groups. Moreover, the microalgae diets decreased the gene expression level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8, and IL1β at a normal physiological state of the intestine, especially the Schizochytrium sp., S. platensis, and D. salina dietary groups. The expression of neutrophil marker b7r was increased in the C. sorokiniana diet group; after, the zebrafish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum, improving the ability to resist this disease. We also found that microalgae diets could regulate the gut microbiota of fish as well as increase the relative abundance of probiotics. To further explain, Cetobacterium was significantly enriched in the S. platensis additive group and Stenotrophomonas was higher in the Schizochytrium sp. additive group than in the other groups. Conversely, harmful bacteria Mycoplasma reduced in all tested microalgae diet groups. Our study indicated that these microalgae could serve as a food source supplement and benefit the health of fish. KEY POINTS: • Microalgae diets enhanced the growth performance of zebrafish. • Microalgae diets attenuated the intestinal inflammatory responses of zebrafish. • Microalgae diets modulated the gut microbiota composition to improve fish health.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hao G, Barker GC. Fatty acid secretion by the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 49:6426184. [PMID: 34788844 PMCID: PMC9113147 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fungi can acquire and store nutrients through decomposing and converting organic matter into fatty acids. This research demonstrates for the first time that the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor has the ability to secrete extracellular droplets which can contain a high concentration of long chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids as well as monosaccharides and polysaccharides. The concentration and composition of the fatty acids varied according to the age of the droplet and the feedstock used for growth of the fungi. The results raise the possibility that these droplets could be harvested offering a new approach for the microbial generation of oil from waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guyu Hao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Barker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. In the present study, we reported the anti-acne vulgaris effect of the Mesua ferrea (M. ferrea) flower extract. The extract was evaluated for three anti-acne-causing bacteria properties including Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results indicated that the M. ferrea flower extract could be considered as the bactericidal agent against S. epidermidis and S. aureus with MIC values of 0.78 and 6.25 mg mL−1 and MBC values of 1.56 and 12.50 mg mL−1 and the bacteriostatic agent against C. acnes with MIC and MBC values of 3.12 and 25.00 mg mL−1, respectively. The extract at a concentration of 25 µg mL−1 also presented potent anti-inflammatory activity with a significant decrease of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α productions in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated by LPS. In addition, the extract showed moderate to weak anti-oxidative capacities against DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and NO assays and also showed weak anti-tyrosinase activity. M. ferrea flower extract may serve as the alternative natural anti-acne formulations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Thraustochytrids of Mangrove Habitats from Andaman Islands: Species Diversity, PUFA Profiles and Biotechnological Potential. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100571. [PMID: 34677470 PMCID: PMC8539084 DOI: 10.3390/md19100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are the most promising microbial source for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for its application in the human health, aquaculture, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study isolated 127 thraustochytrid strains from mangrove habitats of the south Andaman Islands, India to study their diversity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and biotechnological potential. The predominant strains were identified as belonging to two major genera (Thraustochytrium, Aurantiochytrium) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The strain ANVKK-06 produced the maximum biomass of 5.42 g·L-1, while ANVKK-03 exhibited the maximum total lipid (71.03%). Omega-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) accumulated up to 11.03% in ANVKK-04, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) up to 8.65% in ANVKK-07, and DHA up to 47.19% in ANVKK-06. ANVKK-06 showed the maximum scavenging activity (84.79 ± 2.30%) while ANVKK-03 and ANVKK-10 displayed the highest antibacterial activity against human and fish pathogens, S. aureus (18.69 ± 1.2 mm) and V. parahaemolyticus (18.31 ± 1.0 mm), respectively. All strains were non-toxic as evident by negative blood agar hemolysis, thus, the thraustochytrids are suggested to be a potential source of DHA for application in the health care of human and fish.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bittner Fialová S, Rendeková K, Mučaji P, Nagy M, Slobodníková L. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents in the Context of Skin and Wound Infections, Considering European Legislation and Folk Medicine-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910746. [PMID: 34639087 PMCID: PMC8509446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of skin and wounds may seriously decrease the quality of life and even cause death in some patients. One of the largest concerns in their treatment is the growing antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infectious agents and the spread of resistant strains not only in the hospitals but also in the community. This trend encourages researchers to seek for new effective and safe therapeutical agents. The pharmaceutical industry, focusing mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as a drug discovery source, is often failing in the battle with bacteria. In contrast, many of the natural compounds, and/or the whole and complex plants extracts, are effective in this field, inactivating the resistant bacterial strains or decreasing their virulence. Natural products act comprehensively; many of them have not only antibacterial, but also anti-inflammatory effects and may support tissue regeneration and wound healing. The European legislative is in the field of natural products medicinal use formed by European Medicines Agency (EMA), based on the scientific work of its Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). HMPC establishes EU monographs covering the therapeutic uses and safe conditions for herbal substances and preparations, mostly based on folk medicine, but including data from scientific research. In this review, the medicinal plants and their active constituents recommended by EMA for skin disorders are discussed in terms of their antibacterial effect. The source of information about these plant products in the review is represented by research articles listed in scientific databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) published in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bittner Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-250-117-206
| | - Katarína Rendeková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lívia Slobodníková
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim YG, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm activities of fatty acids including myristoleic acid against Cutibacterium acnes via reduced cell hydrophobicity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153710. [PMID: 34461422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutibacterium acnes is a major colonizer and inhabitant of human skin and contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. C. acnes either alone or with Staphylococcus aureus, which also inhabits skin, readily forms biofilms that are often tolerant of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. It was hypothesized that the amphiphilic nature of some fatty acids (FAs) inhibit C. acnes or mixed biofilm formation. PURPOSE The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of 24 saturated and unsaturated FAs were investigated against C. acnes as well as a mixture of the bacteria C. acnes and S. aureus. METHODS Anti-biofilm assays, antimicrobial assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, extracellular polymeric substance production, and microbial adherence to hydrocarbon assay were utilized to elucidate how active FAs influence biofilm development. RESULTS Seventeen FAs at 20 µg/ml inhibited C. acnes biofilm formation by 60-99%. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 FAs were ≥ 500 µg/ml but 4 medium-chain FAs had MICs in a range 15 to 200 µg/ml. Interestingly, myristoleic acid inhibited biofilm formation at 1 μg/ml. Myristoleic acid also inhibited the formation of S. aureus and mixed C. acnes/S. aureus biofilms. FAs reduced C. acnes hydrophobicity and we found this was generally correlated with their antibiofilm forming efficacies. Transcriptional analyses showed that myristoleic acid modulates the expression of several biofilm-related genes such as lipase, hyaluronate lyase, and virulence-related genes. CONCLUSION This study shows myristoleic acid and other FAs inhibit biofilm formation by C. acnes and mixed biofilm formation by C. acnes and S. aureus. Hence, myristoleic acid might be useful for treating or preventing acne and C. acnes associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Upadhaya SD, Kim IH. The Impact of Weaning Stress on Gut Health and the Mechanistic Aspects of Several Feed Additives Contributing to Improved Gut Health Function in Weanling Piglets-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082418. [PMID: 34438875 PMCID: PMC8388735 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current review aimed to provide an overview on the problems associated with weaning with a special focus on gut health, and also highlighted the nutritional approach using different kinds of feed additives and their mechanistic aspects in mitigating production inefficiencies and gut health dysfunction in weanling pigs. Abstract Newly weaned pig encounters psychosocial, physical, and nutritional stressors simultaneously when their immune system is not fully developed. These stressors have a cumulative effect on the immune response that contributes to the post-weaning growth lag which is characterized by depression in feed intake, reduced or negative growth rates, and increased susceptibility to pathogens in the first 24 to 48 h post-weaning. Consequently, the intestinal integrity, and digestive and absorptive capacity are impaired, and there is an increase in intestinal oxidative stress. It also causes the shifts in the taxonomic and functional properties of intestinal microbiome abruptly, thereby adversely affecting the health and performance of animals. It has been suggested that the effects of weaning stress on immune functions, intestinal barrier functions, and nervous system function in early weaned pigs extends into adulthood. The inclusion of different types of feed additives into the diet have been reported to alleviate the negative effects of weaning stress. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview on how the weaning stress affects gut health and the impact it has on production efficiencies, as well as the mechanistic aspects of several feed additives applied in reducing the weaning associated gut health problems and performance inefficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3652; Fax: +82-41-565-2949
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nelson JR, Budoff MJ, Wani OR, Le V, Patel DK, Nelson A, Nemiroff RL. EPA's pleiotropic mechanisms of action: a narrative review. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:651-664. [PMID: 33900135 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1921491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with icosapent ethyl 4 g/day, a highly purified and stable ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), demonstrated a significant reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and death in REDUCE-IT. However, analyses of REDUCE-IT and meta-analyses have suggested that this clinical benefit is greater than can be achieved by triglyceride reduction alone. EPA therefore may have additional pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregatory mechanisms. EPA competes with arachidonic acid for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, producing anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregatory metabolites rather than the more deleterious metabolites associated with arachidonic acid. Changing the EPA:arachidonic acid ratio may shift metabolic status from pro-inflammatory/pro-aggregatory to anti-inflammatory/anti-aggregatory. EPA also has antioxidant effects and increases synthesis of nitric oxide. Incorporation of EPA into phospholipid bilayers influences membrane structure and may help to prevent cardiac arrhythmias. Clinically, this may translate into improved vascular health, including regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Overall, EPA has a range of pleiotropic effects that contribute to a reduction in ASCVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Nelson
- California Cardiovascular Institute, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Omar R Wani
- Northern Arizona Healthcare Medical Group - Flagstaff, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Viet Le
- Cardiovascular Research, Intermountain Heart Institute/CV Research, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, Utah, and Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, USA
| | - Dhiren K Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Richard L Nemiroff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Coraça-Huber DC, Steixner S, Wurm A, Nogler M. Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Periprosthetic Joint Infections-Isolated Multi-Drug Resistant Strains. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040334. [PMID: 33810261 PMCID: PMC8065983 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Implantable medical devices, such as prosthetics, catheters, and several other devices, have revolutionized medicine, but they increase the infection risk. In previous decades, commercially available antibiotics lost their activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and several other microorganisms. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the two major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) with antimicrobial properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, we tested the EPA and the DHA for its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity in vitro against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and different CoNS as reference strains and isolated from patients undergoing orthopedic treatment for implant infections. The tests were carried out with the strains in planktonic and biofilm form. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out with EPA and DHA using human gingival fibroblasts HGF-1. Results: The highest concentration of EPA and DHA promoted the complete killing of S. epidermidis 1457 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 in planktonic form. The fatty acids showed low activity against P. aeruginosa. EPA and DHA completely killed or significantly reduced the count of planktonic bacteria of the patient isolated strains. When incubated with media enriched with EPA and DHA, the biofilm formation was significantly reduced on S. epidermidis 1457 and not present on S. aureus ATCC 25923. The reduction or complete killing were also observed with the clinical isolates. The pre-formed biofilms showed reduction of the cell counting after treatment with EPA and DHA. Conclusion: In this study, the ω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA showed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity in vitro against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa, as well as against multi-drug resistant S. aureus and CoNS strains isolated from patients undergoing periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) treatment. Higher concentrations of the fatty acids showed killing activity on planktonic cells and inhibitory activity of biofilm formation. Although both substances showed antimicrobial activity, EPA showed better results in comparison with DHA. In addition, when applied on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro, EPA and DHA showed a possible protective effect on cells cultured in medium enriched with ethanol. Further studies are required to confirm the antimicrobial activity of EPA and DHA against multi-drug resistant strains and pan-drug resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora C. Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-9003-71697; Fax: +43-512-9003-73691
| | - Stephan Steixner
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Alexander Wurm
- University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Michael Nogler
- Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, Room 204, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saviane A, Tassoni L, Naviglio D, Lupi D, Savoldelli S, Bianchi G, Cortellino G, Bondioli P, Folegatti L, Casartelli M, Orlandi VT, Tettamanti G, Cappellozza S. Mechanical Processing of Hermetia illucens Larvae and Bombyx mori Pupae Produces Oils with Antimicrobial Activity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:783. [PMID: 33799904 PMCID: PMC8001418 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop processing methods that safeguard the quality and antimicrobial properties of H. illucens and B. mori oils. We adopted a vegetable diet for both insects: leftover vegetables and fruit for H. illucens and mulberry leaves for B. mori. First, alternative techniques to obtain a good oil extraction yield from the dried biomass of H. illucens larvae were tested. Traditional pressing resulted to be the best system to maximize the oil yield and it was successfully applied to B. mori pupae. Oil quality resulted comparable to that obtained with other extraction methods described in the literature. In the case of B. mori pupae, different treatments and preservation periods were investigated to evaluate their influence on the oil composition and quality. Interestingly, agar diffusion assays demonstrated the sensitivity of Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus to H. illucens and B. mori derived oils, whereas the growth of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was not affected. This study confirms that fat and other active compounds of the oil extracted by hot pressing could represent effective antimicrobials against bacteria, a relevant result if we consider that they are by-products of the protein extraction process in the feed industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Saviane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luca Tassoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Daniela Lupi
- Dipartimento Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Savoldelli
- Dipartimento Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia Bianchi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Cortellino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Liliana Folegatti
- Innovhub, Laboratorio Sostanze Grasse, Derivati e Tecnologie Olearie, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Viviana Teresa Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (V.T.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (V.T.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sánchez MC, Alonso-Español A, Ribeiro-Vidal H, Alonso B, Herrera D, Sanz M. Relevance of Biofilm Models in Periodontal Research: From Static to Dynamic Systems. Microorganisms 2021; 9:428. [PMID: 33669562 PMCID: PMC7922797 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilm modeling has improved in sophistication and scope, although only a limited number of standardized protocols are available. This review presents an example of a biofilm model, along with its evolution and application in studying periodontal and peri-implant diseases. In 2011, the ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) research group at the University Complutense of Madrid developed an in vitro biofilm static model using representative bacteria from the subgingival microbiota, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to in vivo subgingival biofilms. When the model and its methodology were standardized, the ETEP research group employed the validated in vitro biofilm model for testing in different applications. The evolution of this model is described in this manuscript, from the mere observation of biofilm growth and maturation on static models on hydroxyapatite or titanium discs, to the evaluation of the impact of dental implant surface composition and micro-structure using the dynamic biofilm model. This evolution was based on reproducing the ideal microenvironmental conditions for bacterial growth within a bioreactor and reaching the target surfaces using the fluid dynamics mimicking the salivary flow. The development of this relevant biofilm model has become a powerful tool to study the essential processes that regulate the formation and maturation of these important microbial communities, as well as their behavior when exposed to different antimicrobial compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alonso-Español
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Bettina Alonso
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (H.R.-V.); (B.A.); (D.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Associations among Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, the Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:8879227. [PMID: 33488295 PMCID: PMC7801035 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8879227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs), which are essential fatty acids that humans should obtain from diet, have potential benefits for human health. In addition to altering the structure and function of cell membranes, omega-3 PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)) exert different effects on intestinal immune tolerance and gut microbiota maintenance. Firstly, we review the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota. And the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on intestinal immunity and inflammation were described. Furthermore, the important roles of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the balance between gut immunity and the gut microbiota were discussed. Additional factors, such as obesity and diseases (NAFLD, gastrointestinal malignancies or cancer, bacterial and viral infections), which are associated with variability in omega-3 PUFA metabolism, can influence omega-3 PUFAs–microbiome–immune system interactions in the intestinal tract and also play roles in regulating gut immunity. This review identifies several pathways by which the microbiota modulates the gut immune system through omega-3 PUFAs. Omega-3 supplementation can be targeted to specific pathways to prevent and alleviate intestinal diseases, which may help researchers identify innovative diagnostic methods.
Collapse
|
36
|
Balakrishnan J, Ganapathi P, Kannan S, Marudhamuthu M, Shanmugam K. Anti-listerial activity of microalgal fatty acid methyl esters and their possible applications as chicken marinade. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 339:109027. [PMID: 33412385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from marine microalgae have been reported to possess antimicrobial activities against several Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, but a majority of them needs to be explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity, mechanism of FAMEs from selected marine microalgae against Listeria monocytogenes, and to elucidate its efficacy in food model. The minimum inhibitory concentration of FAMEs was calculated to be 155 μg/mL for Chromulina sp. and 162 μg/mL for Nannochloropsis sp. against L. monocytogenes. Time-killing kinetics showed that FAMEs efficiently inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes in a time and concentration dependent manner. The mechanism of action of FAMEs was studied by analysing its effects at a MIC on the cellular metabolism, membrane permeability, and membrane integrity of L. monocytogenes. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results showed that cells exposed to FAMEs showed damaged cell membrane structure with leakage of the internal contents in the cells of L. monocytogenes. Fluorescence microscopy images showed that L. monocytogenes cells treated with FAMEs showed high dead cell population corresponding with propidium iodide positive cells. Furthermore, FAMEs significantly down regulated quorum sensing and biofilm related genes (DegU, FlaE, and FlaD). In vivo therapeutic potential of FAMEs revealed improved Caenorhabditis elegans survival and reduced intestinal colonization during L. monocytogenes infection. Growth of listeria was abolished in chicken meat during the cold storage of 9 days when the samples were pre-treated with FAMEs. These results suggest anti-L. monocytogenes activity of FAMEs and elucidated its use in food control of chicken meat at refrigerated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Ganapathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganya Kannan
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Marudhamuthu
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiresan Shanmugam
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Song HS, Choi TR, Bhatia SK, Lee SM, Park SL, Lee HS, Kim YG, Kim JS, Kim W, Yang YH. Combination Therapy Using Low-Concentration Oxacillin with Palmitic Acid and Span85 to Control Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100682. [PMID: 33049970 PMCID: PMC7599641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA is difficult to kill with a single antibiotic because it has evolved to be resistant to various antibiotics by increasing the PBP2a (mecA) expression level, building up biofilm, introducing SCCmec for multidrug resistance, and changing its membrane properties. Therefore, to overcome antibiotic resistance and decrease possible genetic mutations that can lead to the acquisition of higher antibiotic resistance, drug combination therapy was applied based on previous results indicating that MRSA shows increased susceptibility to free fatty acids and surfactants. The optimal ratio of three components and the synergistic effects of possible combinations were investigated. The combinations were directly applied to clinically isolated strains, and the combination containing 15 μg/mL of oxacillin was able to control SCCmec type III and IV isolates having an oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) up to 1024 μg/mL; moreover, the combination with a slightly increased oxacillin concentration was able to kill SCCmec type II. Phospholipid analysis revealed that clinical strains with higher resistance contained a high portion of 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C15:0) and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (anteiso-C17:0), although individual strains showed different patterns. In summary, we showed that combinatorial therapy with a low concentration of oxacillin controlled different laboratory and highly diversified clinical MRSA strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, 511 Sangdo-dong, Seoul 156-743, Korea;
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Korea;
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.-R.C.); (S.K.B.); (S.M.L.); (S.L.P.); (H.S.L.)
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Boden WE, Baum S, Toth PP, Fazio S, Bhatt DL. Impact of expanded FDA indication for icosapent ethyl on enhanced cardiovascular residual risk reduction. Future Cardiol 2020; 17:155-174. [PMID: 32959713 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) demonstrated that the purified, stable ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid, icosapent ethyl (IPE), added to statins reduced CVD events by 25% (p < 0.001), leading to an expanded indication in the USA. IPE is now approved as an adjunct to maximally tolerated statins to reduce CVD event risk in adults with triglyceride (TG) levels ≥150 mg/dl and either established CVD or diabetes mellitus plus ≥2 additional CVD risk factors. The new indication allows co-administration of IPE for elevated TG levels with statin treatment, enabling effective residual risk reduction in a broader at-risk population beyond what can be achieved with intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Boden
- VA New England Healthcare System, Boston, MA, & Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Seth Baum
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 61081, USA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham & Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ribeiro-Vidal H, Sánchez MC, Alonso-Español A, Figuero E, Ciudad MJ, Collado L, Herrera D, Sanz M. Antimicrobial Activity of EPA and DHA against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Using an In Vitro Multi-Species Subgingival Biofilm Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092812. [PMID: 32937742 PMCID: PMC7551721 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In search for natural products with antimicrobial properties for use in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), using an in vitro multi-species subgingival biofilm model including Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial activities of EPA and DHA extracts (100 µM) and the respective controls were assessed on 72 h biofilms by their submersion onto discs for 60 s. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each of the fatty acids. Both DHA and EPA significantly reduced (p < 0.001 in all cases) the bacterial strains used in this biofilm model. The results with CLSM were consistent with those reported with qPCR. Structural damage was evidenced by SEM in some of the observed bacteria. It was concluded that both DHA and EPA have significant antimicrobial activity against the six bacterial species included in this biofilm model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.R.-V.); (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - María Carmen Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.R.-V.); (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (E.F.); (D.H.)
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrea Alonso-Español
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.R.-V.); (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.R.-V.); (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Maria José Ciudad
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luís Collado
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.C.); (L.C.)
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.R.-V.); (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.R.-V.); (M.C.S.); (A.A.-E.); (E.F.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-942-021
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Adeleye AT, Odoh CK, Enudi OC, Banjoko OO, Osiboye OO, Toluwalope Odediran E, Louis H. Sustainable synthesis and applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from biomass. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
41
|
Chiang KY, Lin WC, Tsai TY, Lin CW, Huang SJ, Huang CY, Wu SH, Ken CF, Gong HY, Chen JY, Wu JL. Dual expression of transgenic delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase in tilapia alters gut microbiota and enhances resistance to Vibrio vulnificus infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236601. [PMID: 32730353 PMCID: PMC7392239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, diets rich in n-3 PUFAs are known to improve disease resistance and limit pathogen infection in commercial aquaculture fishes. In this study, we examined the effects of transgenic overexpression of n-3 PUFA biosynthesis genes on the physiological response to bacterial infection in tilapia. We first established tilapia strains with single or dual expression of salmon delta-5 desaturase and/or delta-6 desaturase and then challenged the fish with Vibrio vulnificus infection. Interestingly, our data suggest that n-3 PUFA-mediated alterations in gut microbiota may be important in determining disease outcome via effects on immune response of the host. Both liver- and muscle-specific single and dual expression of delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase resulted in higher n-3 PUFA content in transgenic fish fed with a LO basal diet. The enrichment of n-3 PUFAs in dual-transgenic fish is likely responsible for their improved survival rate and comparatively reduced expression of inflammation- and immune-associated genes after V. vulnificus infection. Gut microbiome analysis further revealed that dual-transgenic tilapia had high gut microbiota diversity, with low levels of inflammation-associated microbiota (i.e., Prevotellaceae). Thus, our findings indicate that dual expression of transgenic delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase in tilapia enhances disease resistance, an effect that is associated with increased levels of n-3 PUFAs and altered gut microbiota composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Yu Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jie Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chuian-Fu Ken
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HYG); (JLW); (JYC)
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Ilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HYG); (JLW); (JYC)
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HYG); (JLW); (JYC)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080441. [PMID: 32722192 PMCID: PMC7459900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the actual post-antibiotic era, novel ways of rethinking antimicrobial research approaches are more urgent than ever. Natural compounds with antimicrobial activity such as fatty acids and monoacylglycerols have been investigated for decades. Additionally, the interest in other lipid classes as antimicrobial agents is rising. This review provides an overview on the research about plant and marine lipids with potential antimicrobial activity, the methods for obtaining and analyzing these compounds, with emphasis on lipidomics, and future perspectives for bioprospection and applications for antimicrobial lipids. Lipid extracts or lipids isolated from higher plants, algae or marine invertebrates are promising molecules to inactivate a wide spectrum of microorganisms. These lipids include a variety of chemical structures. Present and future challenges in the research of antimicrobial lipids from natural origin are related to the investment and optimization of the analytical workflow based on lipidomics tools, complementary to the bioassay-guided fractionation, to identify the active compound(s). Also, further work is needed regarding the study of their mechanism of action, the structure-activity relationship, the synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics, and the eventual development of resistance to lipids, which, as far as is known, is unlikely.
Collapse
|
43
|
Başyiğit B, Sağlam H, Köroğlu K, Karaaslan M. Compositional analysis, biological activity, and food protecting ability of ethanolic extract of
Quercus infectoria
gall. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Başyiğit
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Harran University Şanlıurfa Turkey
| | - Hidayet Sağlam
- Engineering‐Architecture Faculty, Food Engineering Department Kilis 7 Aralık University Kilis Turkey
| | - Kübra Köroğlu
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Harran University Şanlıurfa Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karaaslan
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Harran University Şanlıurfa Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Romo JA, Markey L, Kumamoto CA. Lipid Species in the GI Tract are Increased by the Commensal Fungus Candida albicans and Decrease the Virulence of Clostridioides difficile. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E100. [PMID: 32635220 PMCID: PMC7557729 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior antibiotic treatment is a risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI); the commensal gut microbiota plays a key role in determining host susceptibility to the disease. Previous studies demonstrate that the pre-colonization of mice with a commensal fungus, Candida albicans, protects against a lethal challenge with C. difficile spores. The results reported here demonstrate that the cecum contents of antibiotic-treated mice with C. albicans colonization contained different levels of several lipid species, including non-esterified, unsaturated long-chain fatty acids compared to non-C. albicans-colonized mice. Mice fed olive oil for one week and challenged with C. difficile spores showed enhanced survival compared to PBS-fed mice. The amount of olive oil administered was not sufficient to cause weight gain or to result in significant changes to the bacterial microbiota, in contrast to the effects of a high-fat diet. Furthermore, the direct exposure of C. difficile bacteria in laboratory culture to the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid, the major fatty acid found in olive oil, reduced the transcription of genes encoding the toxins and reduced the survival of bacteria in the post-exponential phase. Therefore, the effects of C. albicans on the metabolite milieu contributed to the attenuation of C. difficile virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A. Romo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Laura Markey
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Carol A. Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alhusseiny SM, El-Beshbishi SN. Omega polyunsaturated fatty acids and parasitic infections: An overview. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105466. [PMID: 32302690 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are synthesized from the essential fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, respectively. They are pivotal components of all mammalian cells and were found to be useful in prevention and treatment of a variety of health problems owing to their anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are further metabolized to anti-inflammatory mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins. Moreover, these polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to have in vivo and in vitro protective efficacies against some parasitic infections. Therefore, dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids should be encouraged because of their considerable beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Alhusseiny
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516- Egypt
| | - Samar N El-Beshbishi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516- Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Inguglia L, Chiaramonte M, Di Stefano V, Schillaci D, Cammilleri G, Pantano L, Mauro M, Vazzana M, Ferrantelli V, Nicolosi R, Arizza V. Salmo salar fish waste oil: Fatty acids composition and antibacterial activity. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9299. [PMID: 32596043 PMCID: PMC7307567 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Fish by-products are generally used to produce fishmeal or fertilizers, with fish oil as a by-product. Despite their importance, fish wastes are still poorly explored and characterized and more studies are needed to reveal their potentiality. The goal of the present study was to qualitatively characterize and investigate the antimicrobial effects of the fish oil extracted from Salmo salar waste samples and to evaluate the potential use of these compounds for treating pathogen infections. Methods Salmo salar waste samples were divided in two groups: heads and soft tissues. Fatty acids composition, and in particular the content in saturated (SAFAs), mono-unsaturated (MUFAs) and Polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids, was characterized through GC/MS Thermo Focus GC-DSQ II equipped with a ZB-5 fused silica capillary tubes column. The antimicrobial activity of the salmon waste oils was evaluated through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assay and the antibiotics contamination was determined by Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. All experiments were done at least in triplicate. Results GC/MS analysis has shown the specific fatty acid composition of the salmon waste oils and their enrichment in MUFAs and PUFAs, with special reference to omega-3, -6, -7, -9 fatty acids. Furthermore, our study has highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the fish waste oil samples against two Gram+ and Gram- bacterial strains. Conclusions These data confirm that the fish waste is still quantitatively and qualitatively an important source of available biological properties that could be extracted and utilized representing an important strategy to counteract infective diseases in the context of the circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Licia Pantano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sicilia "A.Mirri", Palermo, Italy, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Muthamil S, Prasath KG, Priya A, Precilla P, Pandian SK. Global proteomic analysis deciphers the mechanism of action of plant derived oleic acid against Candida albicans virulence and biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5113. [PMID: 32198447 PMCID: PMC7083969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus in humans, mostly found on the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, gut, vagina and skin. Incidence of ever increasing invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, alarming occurrence of antifungal resistance and insufficient diagnostic methods demand more focused research into C. albicans pathogenicity. Consequently, in the present study, oleic acid from Murraya koenigii was shown to have the efficacy to inhibit biofilm formation and virulence of Candida spp. Results of in vitro virulence assays and gene expression analysis, impelled to study the protein targets which are involved in the molecular pathways of C. albicans pathogenicity. Proteomic studies of differentially expressed proteins reveals that oleic acid induces oxidative stress responses and mainly targets the proteins involved in glucose metabolism, ergosterol biosynthesis, lipase production, iron homeostasis and amino acid biosynthesis. The current study emphasizes anti-virulent potential of oleic acid which can be used as a therapeutic agent to treat Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Muthamil
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Ganesh Prasath
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pitchai Precilla
- Department of Biotechnology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim YG, Lee JH, Park JG, Lee J. Inhibition of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by centipede oil and linoleic acid. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:126-137. [PMID: 32093497 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1730333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are associated with persistent infections because of their high tolerance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses. The effects of centipede oil from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans and its main components were investigated to identify non-toxic biofilm inhibitors. Centipede oil and linoleic acid at 20 µg ml-1 markedly inhibited biofilm formation by two fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains and three Staphylococcus aureus strains without affecting their planktonic cell growth. Also, both centipede oil and linoleic acid inhibited hyphal growth and cell aggregation by C. albicans. In addition, centipede oil and linoleic acid showed anti-biofilm activities against mixed C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms. Transcriptomic analysis showed that centipede oil and linoleic acid downregulated the expressions of several hypha/biofilm-related genes in C. albicans and α-hemolysin in S. aureus. Furthermore, both compounds effectively reduced C. albicans virulence in a nematode infection model with minimal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guy Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Park
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark Foundation, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oliveira D, Furtado FB, Gomes AAS, Belut BR, Nascimento EA, Morais SAL, Martins CHG, Santos VO, da Silva CV, Teixeira TL, Cunha LS, Oliveira AD, de Aquino FJT. Chemical Constituents and Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils from Scheelea phalerata. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1363-1370. [PMID: 32010806 PMCID: PMC6990423 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scheelea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng (Arecaceae) is a palm tree found in the Brazilian cerrado. There are no topics related to volatile oils from S. phalerata leaves in the literature. This work determines its chemical composition and evaluates the biological activity under two different seasonal conditions (dry and rainy seasons). The dry essential oil yield was 0.034 ± 0.001% and the rainy essential oil yield was 0.011 ± 0.003%. Both essential oils presented different qualitative and quantitative compositions (99.4 and 98.5%). The main constituents of the dry essential oil were phytol (36.7%), nonadecane (9.7%), linolenic acid (9.1%), (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol (4.2%), and squalene (4.0%). The main constituents of the rainy essential oil were phytol (26.1%), palmitic acid (18.7%), hexan-1-ol (15.6%), (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol (9.7%), and oleic acid (4.0%). The antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis was observed only for the rainy season essential oil (IC50 value of 165.05 ± 33.26 μg mL-1). A molecular docking study showed that alcohols exert a paramount efficacy and that the action of some essential oil compounds may be similar to that of amphotericin B. Still, only the essential oil from the dry season showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. sanguinis (MICs 200-400 μg mL-1). The cytotoxicity against Vero cells was identical (>512) for both essential oils. The novel data here for both chemical characterization and biological activity, in particular, evidence that the action of these compounds is similar to that of amphotericin B, provide valuable information to the drug-discovery field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane
M. Oliveira
- Nucleus
of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila,
2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B. Furtado
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu,
Department of Microbiology
and Immunology and Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Unesp-São Paulo State University, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP CEP
18618-689, Brazil
| | - Antoniel A. S. Gomes
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu,
Department of Microbiology
and Immunology and Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Department of Physics and Biophysics, Unesp-São Paulo State University, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP CEP
18618-689, Brazil
| | - Belisa R. Belut
- Nucleus
of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila,
2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Evandro A. Nascimento
- Nucleus
of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila,
2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A. L. Morais
- Nucleus
of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila,
2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. G. Martins
- Nucleus
of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in
Applied Microbiology (LaPeMA), University
of Franca, 201 Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Vinícius
C. O. Santos
- Nucleus
of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in
Applied Microbiology (LaPeMA), University
of Franca, 201 Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Claudio V. da Silva
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Trypanosomatids, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará
1720 Bloco 2B, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Thaise L. Teixeira
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Trypanosomatids, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará
1720 Bloco 2B, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luís
C. S. Cunha
- Nucleus of
Bioprospecting in Natural Products (NuBiProN), Chemistry Department, Federal Institute of the Triângulo Mineiro, 4000 Distrito Industrial I, Uberaba, MG 38064-790, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Nucleus
of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila,
2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. T. de Aquino
- Nucleus
of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila,
2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
Collapse
|