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Gaspar-Pintiliescu A, Stefan LM, Mihai E, Sanda C, Manoiu VS, Berger D, Craciunescu O. Antioxidant and antiproliferative effect of a glycosaminoglycan extract from Rapana venosa marine snail. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297803. [PMID: 38359063 PMCID: PMC10868805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine glycosaminoglycans (GAG) isolated from different invertebrates, such as molluscs, starfish or jellyfish, have been described as unique molecules with important pharmacological applications. Scarce information is available on GAG extract from Rapana venosa marine snail. The aim of this study was to isolate a GAG extract from R. venosa marine snail and to investigate its physicochemical, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties for further biomedical use. The morphology, chemical and elemental composition of the extract were established as well as the sulfate content and N- to O-sulfation ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that GAG extract presented similar structural characteristics to bovine heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. The pattern of extract migration in agarose gel electrophoresis and specific digestion with chondroitinase ABC and heparinase III indicated the presence of a mixture of chondroitin sulfate-type GAG, as main component, and heparan sulfate-type GAG. Free radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing assays showed that GAG extract had high antioxidant activity, which slightly decreased after enzymatic treatment. In vitro MTT and Live/Dead assays showed that GAG extract had the ability to inhibit cell proliferation in human Hep-2 cell cultures, at cytocompatible concentrations in normal NCTC clone L929 fibroblasts. This capacity decreased after enzymatic digestion, in accordance to the antioxidant activity of the products. Tumoral cell migration was also inhibited by GAG extract and its digestion products. Overall, GAG extract from R. venosa marine snail exhibited antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, suggesting its potential use as novel bioactive compound for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar-Pintiliescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura M. Stefan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Mihai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Sanda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile S. Manoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Tesvichian S, Sangtanoo P, Srimongkol P, Saisavoey T, Buakeaw A, Puthong S, Thitiprasert S, Mekboonsonglarp W, Liangsakul J, Sopon A, Prawatborisut M, Reamtong O, Karnchanatat A. Sulfated polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera: Optimizing the process of extraction, structural characteristics, antioxidant capabilities, and anti-glycation properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24444. [PMID: 38293411 PMCID: PMC10826829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharides found in Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grape algae) are potentially an important bioactive resource. This study makes use of RSM (response surface methodology) to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of valuable SGP (sea grape polysaccharides). The findings indicated that a water/raw material ratio of 10:1 mL/g, temperature of 90 °C, and extraction time of 45 min would maximize the yield, with experimentation achieving a yield of 21.576 %. After undergoing purification through DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-100 column chromatography, three distinct fractions were obtained, namely SGP11, SGP21, and SGP31, each possessing average molecular weights of 38.24 kDa, 30.13 kDa, and 30.65 kDa, respectively. Following characterization, the fractions were shown to comprise glucose, galacturonic acid, xylose, and mannose, while the sulfate content was in the range of 12.2-21.8 %. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) it was possible to confirm with absolute certainty the sulfate polysaccharide attributes of SGP11, SGP21, and SGP31. NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) findings made it clear that SGP11 exhibited α-glycosidic configurations, while the configurations of SGP21 and SGP31 were instead β-glycosidic. The in vitro antioxidant assays which were conducted revealed that each of the fractions was able to demonstrate detectable scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cations. All fractions were also found to exhibit the capacity to scavenge NO radicals in a dose-dependent manner. SGP11, SGP21, and SGP31 were also able to display cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) against the human adenocarcinoma colon (Caco-2) cell line when oxidative damage was induced. The concentration levels were found to govern the extent of such activity. Moreover, purified SGP were found to exert strong inhibitory effects upon glycation, with the responses dependent upon dosage, thus confirming the potential for SGP to find a role as a natural resource for the production of polysaccharide-based antioxidant drugs, or products to promote improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphaporn Tesvichian
- Program in Biotechnology, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Papassara Sangtanoo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Piroonporn Srimongkol
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanatorn Saisavoey
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anumart Buakeaw
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sitanan Thitiprasert
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanwimon Mekboonsonglarp
- Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Centre, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jatupol Liangsakul
- Scientific and Technological Research Equipment Centre, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anek Sopon
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkhol Prawatborisut
- Bruker Switzerland AG, 175, South Sathorn Road, 10th Floor, Sathorn City Tower, Thungmahamek, Sathorn, Bangkok, 10120, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Aphichart Karnchanatat
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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3
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Isegawa Y. Activation of Immune and Antiviral Effects by Euglena Extracts: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4438. [PMID: 38137241 PMCID: PMC10743201 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza virus infection, which is managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs. Recently, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have gained attention. Euglena is a motile unicellular alga and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism. It has secondary chloroplasts and is a mixotroph able to feed by photosynthesis or phagocytosis. This review summarizes the influenza treatment effects of Euglena from the perspective of a functional food that is attracting attention. While it has been reported that Euglena contributes to suppressing blood sugar levels and ameliorates symptoms caused by stress by acting on the autonomic nervous system, the immunostimulatory and antiviral activities of Euglena have also been reported. In this review, I focused on the immunostimulation of antiviral activity via the intestinal environment and the suppression of viral replication in infected cells. The functions of specific components of Euglena, which also serves as the source of a wide range of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and β-1,3-glucan (paramylon), are also reviewed. Euglena has animal and plant properties and natural compounds with a wide range of functions, providing crucial information for improved antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Isegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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4
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Mapholi Z, Goosen NJ. Optimization of fucoidan recovery by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction from South African kelp, Ecklonia maxima. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106710. [PMID: 38043460 PMCID: PMC10701454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, is found exclusively in brown seaweeds and has been reported to possess a wide range of biological functionalities. Fucoidans are found within the cell wall of brown seaweeds, which is composed of recalcitrant cellulose and hemicellulose. This hampers the recovery of fucoidans. In addition, fucoidans are found within a network of viscous hydrocolloids, alginates, further complicating their recovery. Traditionally, the hot water extraction method is used to recover fucoidans from brown seaweed, however, this is characterized by low yields and long extraction time. To combat these issues, several novel extraction technologies have been introduced, these include ultrasound-assisted extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction. Thus, the main aim of this study was to investigate and optimize fucoidan recovery from Ecklonia maxima based on ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction. The impact of temperature (40-65 °C), ultrasound intensity (0-118 W·cm-2), enzyme dosage (0-0.05 ml·g-1) and pH (4.5-6) on total dissolved, total carbohydrates and inorganic sulphates yields was studied. The application of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction mainly improved the extraction of total carbohydrates. Ultrasound significantly improves the kinetics and extraction of fucoidan, but there was no merit when it was applied with enzymes. Results reveal that at optimized conditions, the fucoidan extracted 79.13 mg⋅g-1 (7.9 % w/w) of algal dry weight. The present study provides insight into the extraction potentials of enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zwonaka Mapholi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Neill Jurgens Goosen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
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5
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Kuzmich AS, Romanenko LA, Kokoulin MS. Cell-cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induction in T-47D cells by the capsular polysaccharide from the marine bacterium Kangiella japonica KMM 3897. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121237. [PMID: 37659798 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the in vitro mechanisms of antiproliferative activity of capsular polysaccharide derived from marine Gram-negative bacteria Kangiella japonica KMM 3897 in human breast сarcinoma T-47D cells. Flow cytometric and Western blot analysis revealed that capsular polysaccharide effectively suppressed T-47D cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, polysaccharide influenced the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. The results of this study would enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Romanenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Summat T, Wangtueai S, You S, Rod-in W, Park WJ, Karnjanapratum S, Seesuriyachan P, Surayot U. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharides Extracted from Lobonema smithii Jellyfish. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:559. [PMID: 37999383 PMCID: PMC10672681 DOI: 10.3390/md21110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crude polysaccharides were extracted from the white jellyfish (Lobonema smithii) using water extraction and fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography to obtain three different fractions (JF1, JF2, and JF3). The chemical characteristics of four polysaccharides were investigated, along with their anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. All samples mainly consisted of neutral sugars with minor contents of proteins and sulphates in various proportions. Glucose, galactose, and mannose were the main constituents of the monosaccharides. The molecular weights of the crude polysaccharides and the JF1, JF2, and JF3 fractions were 865.0, 477.6, 524.1, and 293.0 kDa, respectively. All polysaccharides were able to decrease NO production, especially JF3, which showed inhibitory activity. JF3 effectively suppressed iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression, while IL-10 expression was induced. JF3 could inhibit phosphorylated ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κB p65. Furthermore, flow cytometry showed the impact of JF3 on inhibiting CD11b and CD40 expression. These results suggest that JF3 could inhibit NF-κB and MAPK-related inflammatory pathways. The structural characterisation revealed that (1→3)-linked glucopyranosyl, (1→3,6)-linked galactopyranosyl, and (1→3,6)-linked glucopyranosyl residues comprised the main backbone of JF3. Therefore, L. smithii polysaccharides exhibit good anti-inflammatory activity and could thus be applied as an alternative therapeutic agent against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitikan Summat
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sutee Wangtueai
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.W.)
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (W.R.-i.); (W.J.P.)
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (W.R.-i.); (W.J.P.)
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (W.R.-i.); (W.J.P.)
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Supatra Karnjanapratum
- Division of Marine Product Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | | | - Utoomporn Surayot
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.W.)
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7
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Bayer IS. Controlled Drug Release from Nanoengineered Polysaccharides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051364. [PMID: 37242606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are naturally occurring complex molecules with exceptional physicochemical properties and bioactivities. They originate from plant, animal, and microbial-based resources and processes and can be chemically modified. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of polysaccharides enable their increased use in nanoscale synthesis and engineering for drug encapsulation and release. This review focuses on sustained drug release studies from nanoscale polysaccharides in the fields of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on drug release kinetics and relevant mathematical models. An effective release model can be used to envision the behavior of specific nanoscale polysaccharide matrices and reduce impending experimental trial and error, saving time and resources. A robust model can also assist in translating from in vitro to in vivo experiments. The main aim of this review is to demonstrate that any study that establishes sustained release from nanoscale polysaccharide matrices should be accompanied by a detailed analysis of drug release kinetics by modeling since sustained release from polysaccharides not only involves diffusion and degradation but also surface erosion, complicated swelling dynamics, crosslinking, and drug-polymer interactions. As such, in the first part, we discuss the classification and role of polysaccharides in various applications and later elaborate on the specific pharmaceutical processes of polysaccharides in ionic gelling, stabilization, cross-linking, grafting, and encapsulation of drugs. We also document several drug release models applied to nanoscale hydrogels, nanofibers, and nanoparticles of polysaccharides and conclude that, at times, more than one model can accurately describe the sustained release profiles, indicating the existence of release mechanisms running in parallel. Finally, we conclude with the future opportunities and advanced applications of nanoengineered polysaccharides and their theranostic aptitudes for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker S Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Xu J, Liao W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Jiang S, Zhao C. An overview on the nutritional and bioactive components of green seaweeds. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [PMCID: PMC10026244 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractGreen seaweed, as the most abundant species of macroseaweeds, is an important marine biological resource. It is a rich source of several amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibers, as well as polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, and other active substances, which have crucial roles in various biological processes such as antioxidant activity, immunoregulation, and anti-inflammatory response. In recent years, attention to marine resources has accelerated the exploration and utilization of green seaweeds for greater economic value. This paper elaborates on the main nutrients and active substances present in different green seaweeds and provides a review of their biological activities and their applications for high-value utilization.
Graphical abstract
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9
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Liu F, Duan G, Yang H. Recent advances in exploiting carrageenans as a versatile functional material for promising biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123787. [PMID: 36858089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Carrageenans are a group of biopolymers widely found in red seaweeds. Commercial carrageenans have been traditionally used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and thickening and gelling agents in food products. Carrageenans are regarded as bioactive polysaccharides with disease-modifying and microbiota-modulating activities. Novel biomedical applications of carrageenans as biocompatible functional materials for fabricating hydrogels and nanostructures, including carbon dots, nanoparticles, and nanofibers, have been increasingly exploited. In this review, we describe the unique structural characteristics of carrageenans and their functional relevance. We summarize salient physicochemical features, including thixotropic and shear-thinning properties, of carrageenans. Recent results from clinical trials in which carrageenans were applied as both antiviral and antitumor agents and functional materials are discussed. We also highlight the most recent advances in the development of carrageenan-based targeted drug delivery systems with various pharmaceutical formulations. Promising applications of carrageenans as a bioink material for 3D printing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are systematically evaluated. We envisage some key hurdles and challenges in the commercialization of carrageenans as a versatile material for clinical practice. This comprehensive review of the intimate relationships among the structural features, unique rheological properties, and biofunctionality of carrageenans will provide novel insights into their biomedicine application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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10
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Pathiraja D, Cho J, Stougaard P, Choi IG. Enzymatic Process for the Carrageenolytic Bioconversion of Sulfated Polygalactans into β-Neocarrabiose and 3,6-Anhydro-d-galactose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:635-645. [PMID: 36580413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and anhydro-sugars derived from carrageenan have great potential as functional foods and drugs showing various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. Although preparation of sulfated carrageenan oligosaccharides by chemical and enzymatic processes has been widely reported, preparation of nonsulfated β-neocarrabiose (β-NC2) and the rare sugar 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG) was not reported in the literature. Based on the carrageenan catabolic pathway in marine heterotrophic bacteria, an enzymatic process was designed and constructed with recombinant κ-carrageenase, GH127/GH129 α-1,3 anhydrogalactosidase, and cell-free extract from marine carrageenolytic bacteria Colwellia echini A3T. The process consisted of three successive steps, namely, (i) depolymerization, (ii) desulfation, and (iii) monomerization, by which carrageenan oligosaccharides, β-NC2, and d-AHG were obtained from κ-carrageenan. Unlike the chemical process, enzymatic hydrolysis yields oligosaccharides with the desired degree of polymerization facilitates specific removal of sulfated groups, free of toxic byproducts, and avoids chemical modifications. The final optimized enzymatic process produced 0.52 g of β-NC2 and 0.24 g of d-AHG from 1 g of κ-carrageenan. The carrageenolytic process designed for the enzymatic hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan can be scaled up for the mass production of bioactive carrageeno-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleepa Pathiraja
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junghwan Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Rockslide, Denmark
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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11
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Kokoulin MS, Sigida EN, Kuzmich AS, Ibrahim IM, Fedonenko YP, Konnova SA. Structure and antiproliferative activity of the polysaccharide from Halomonas aquamarina related to Cobetia pacifica. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Tiasto VA, Goncharov NV, Romanishin AO, Zhidkov ME, Khotimchenko YS. κ- and λ-Carrageenans from Marine Alga Chondrus armatus Exhibit Anticancer In Vitro Activity in Human Gastrointestinal Cancers Models. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120741. [PMID: 36547888 PMCID: PMC9783017 DOI: 10.3390/md20120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The carrageenans isolated from red algae demonstrated a variety of activities from antiviral and immunomodulatory to antitumor. The diverse structure and sulfation profile of carrageenans provide a great landscape for drug development. In this study, we isolated, purified and structurally characterized κo- and λo- oligosaccharides from the marine algae Chondrus armatus. We further examined the tumor suppressive activity of both carrageenans in gastrointestinal cancer models. Thus, using MTT assay, we could demonstrate a pronounced antiproliferative effect of the carrageenans in KYSE-30 and FLO-1 as well as HCT-116 and RKO cell lines with IC50 184~405 μg/mL, while both compounds were less active in non-cancer epithelial cells RPE-1. This effect was stipulated by the inhibition of cell cycle progression in the cancer cells. Specifically, flow cytometry revealed an S phase delay in FLO-1 and HCT-116 cells under κo-carrageenan treatment, while KYSE-30 demonstrated a pronounced G2/M cell cycle delay. In line with this, western blotting revealed a reduction of cell cycle markers CDK2 and E2F2. Interestingly, κo-carrageenan inhibited cell cycle progression of RKO cells in G1 phase. Finally, isolated κo- and λo- carrageenans induced apoptosis on adenocarcinomas, specifically with high apoptosis induction in RKO cells. Overall, our data underline the potential of κo- and λo- carrageenans for colon and esophageal carcinoma drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlena A. Tiasto
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-924-330-6081
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander O. Romanishin
- School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Zhidkov
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yuri S. Khotimchenko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Casas-Arrojo V, Arrojo Agudo MDLÁ, Cárdenas García C, Carrillo P, Pérez Manríquez C, Martínez-Manzanares E, Abdala Díaz RT. Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory and Potential Anticancer Capacity of Polysaccharides (Glucans) from Euglena gracilis G.A. Klebs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111379. [PMID: 36355551 PMCID: PMC9693019 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the bioactivity of polysaccharides extracted from Euglena gracilis (EgPs). These were characterized by FT-IR and GC-MS. Cytotoxicity analyses (MTT) were performed on healthy human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1), obtaining an IC50 of 228.66 µg mL-1, and cell lines with anticancer activity for colon cancer (HCT-116), breast cancer (MCF-7), human leukemia (U-937, HL-60) and lung cancer (NCl-H460), showing that EgPs have anticancer activity, mainly in HTC-116 cells (IC50 = 26.1 µg mL-1). The immunological assay determined the immunomodulatory capacity of polysaccharides for the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and TNF-α in human monocytes (THP-1). It was observed that the EgPs had a stimulating capacity in the synthesis of these interleukins. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides and their biomass were analyzed using the ABTS method (18.30 ± 0.14% and (5.40 ± 0.56%, respectively, and the DPPH method for biomass (17.79 ± 0.57%). We quantitatively profiled HGF-1 proteins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, coupled with 2-plex tandem mass tag labelling, in normal cells. In total, 1346 proteins were identified and quantified with high confidence, of which five were considered to be overexpressed. The data is available through ProteomeXchange, under identifier PXD029076.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Casimiro Cárdenas García
- Servicios Centrales de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Paloma Carrillo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia Pérez Manríquez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4190000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Roberto T. Abdala Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-13-66-52
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14
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Zaitseva OO, Sergushkina MI, Khudyakov AN, Polezhaeva TV, Solomina ON. Seaweed sulfated polysaccharides and their medicinal properties. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Seaweeds in the Oncology Arena: Anti-Cancer Potential of Fucoidan as a Drug—A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186032. [PMID: 36144768 PMCID: PMC9506145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a discerning arena to search for the future generation of medications to treat a spectrum of ailments. Meanwhile, cancer is becoming more ubiquitous over the world, and the likelihood of dying from it is rising. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the mainstays of cancer treatment worldwide, but their extensive side effects limit their curative effect. The quest for low-toxicity marine drugs to prevent and treat cancer is one of the current research priorities of researchers. Fucoidan, an algal sulfated polysaccharide, is a potent therapeutic lead candidate against cancer, signifying that far more research is needed. Fucoidan is a versatile, nontoxic marine-origin heteropolysaccharide that has received much attention due to its beneficial biological properties and safety. Fucoidan has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of conventional bioactivities, such as antiviral, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory characteristics, and anticancer activity against a wide range of malignancies has also recently been discovered. Fucoidan inhibits tumorigenesis by prompting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, blocking metastasis and angiogenesis, and modulating physiological signaling molecules. This review compiles the molecular and cellular aspects, immunomodulatory and anticancer actions of fucoidan as a natural marine anticancer agent. Specific fucoidan and membranaceous polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava, Laminaria japonica, Fucus vesiculosus, Astragalus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Codium fragile serving as potential anticancer marine drugs are discussed in this review.
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16
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Püsküllüoğlu M, Michalak I. An ocean of possibilities: a review of marine organisms as sources of nanoparticles for cancer care. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1695-1719. [PMID: 36562416 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seas and oceans have been explored for the last 70 years in search of new compounds that can support the battle against cancer. Marine polysaccharides can act as nanomaterials for medical applications and marine-derived bioactive compounds can be applied for the biosynthesis of metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles. Nanooncology can be used in numerous fields including diagnostics, serving as drug carriers or acting as drugs. This review focuses on marine-derived nanoparticles with potential oncological applications. It classifies organisms used for nanoparticle production, explains the production process, presents different types of nanoparticles with prospective applications in oncology, describes the molecular pathways responsible for numerous nanomedicine applications, tags areas of nanoparticle implementation in oncology and speculates about future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Püsküllüoğlu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, Kraków, 31-115, Poland
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Wrocław University of Science & Technology, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Smoluchowskiego 25, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
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17
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Fu Y, Xie D, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Yue H, Zhu K, Pi Z, Dai Y. Anti-colorectal cancer effects of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:988507. [PMID: 36059851 PMCID: PMC9437318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.988507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are classified as Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta. They constitute a number of the most significant repositories of new therapeutic compounds for human use. Seaweed has been proven to possess diverse bioactive properties, which include anticancer properties. The present review focuses on colorectal cancer, which is a primary cause of cancer-related mortality in humans. In addition, it discusses various compounds derived from a series of seaweeds that have been shown to eradicate or slow the progression of cancer. Therapeutic compounds extracted from seaweed have shown activity against colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which these compounds can induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo were reviewed. This review emphasizes the potential utility of seaweeds as anticancer agents through the consideration of the capability of compounds present in seaweeds to fight against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Fu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghao Zhu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Machinery, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Zifeng Pi
| | - Yulin Dai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yulin Dai
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18
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Qi M, Zheng C, Wu W, Yu G, Wang P. Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microbes: Source, Structure and Application. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080512. [PMID: 36005515 PMCID: PMC9409974 DOI: 10.3390/md20080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique living environment of marine microorganisms endows them with the potential to produce novel chemical compounds with various biological activities. Among them, the exopolysaccharides produced by marine microbes are an important factor for them to survive in these extreme environments. Up to now, exopolysaccharides from marine microbes, especially from extremophiles, have attracted more and more attention due to their structural complexity, biodegradability, biological activities, and biocompatibility. With the development of culture and separation methods, an increasing number of novel exopolysaccharides are being found and investigated. Here, the source, structure and biological activities of exopolysaccharides, as well as their potential applications in environmental restoration fields of the last decade are summarized, indicating the commercial potential of these versatile EPS in different areas, such as food, cosmetic, and biomedical industries, and also in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Caijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (G.Y.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-021-61900388 (W.W.); +86-0532-8203-1609 (G.Y.); +86-021-61900388 (P.W.)
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (G.Y.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-021-61900388 (W.W.); +86-0532-8203-1609 (G.Y.); +86-021-61900388 (P.W.)
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (G.Y.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-021-61900388 (W.W.); +86-0532-8203-1609 (G.Y.); +86-021-61900388 (P.W.)
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19
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Kokoulin MS, Kuzmich AS, Romanenko LA, Chikalovets IV. Sulfated capsular polysaccharide from the marine bacterium Kangiella japonica inhibits T-47D cells growth in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Kim SC, Kim HJ, Park GE, Lee CW, Synytsya A, Capek P, Park YI. Sulfated Glucuronorhamnoxylan from Capsosiphon fulvescens Ameliorates Osteoporotic Bone Resorption via Inhibition of Osteoclastic Cell Differentiation and Function In Vitro and In Vivo. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:690-705. [PMID: 35796894 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast differentiation and/or bone resorptive function causes a gradual loss of bone, leading to the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis (OP). In this study, a sulfated glucuronorhamnoxylan polysaccharide (designated SPS-CF) of the green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens was evaluated for anti-osteoporotic activity using osteoclastic cells differentiated from RAW264.7 macrophages by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice as a postmenopausal OP model. With negligible cytotoxicity, SPS-CF (50 μg/mL) significantly suppressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, actin ring formation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), cathepsin K, TRAF6, p-Pyk2, c-Cbl, c-Src, gelsolin, carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and integrin β3, indicating that SPS-CF inhibits the differentiation and bone resorptive function of osteoclasts. Removal of sulfate groups from SPS-CF abolished its anti-osteoclastogenic activities, demonstrating that sulfate groups are critical for its activity. Oral administration of SPS-CF (400 mg/kg/day) to OVX mice significantly augmented the bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANKL ratio. These results demonstrated that SPS-CF exerts significant anti-osteoporotic activity by dampening osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via downregulation of TRAF6-c-Src-Pyk2-c-Cbl-gelsolin signaling and augmentation of serum OPG/RANKL ratios in OVX mice, suggesting that SPS-CF can be a novel anti-osteoporotic compound for treating postmenopausal OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Cheol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Capek
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Hamouda RA, Abd El Latif A, Elkaw EM, Alotaibi AS, Alenzi AM, Hamza HA. Assessment of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Microgreen Alga Chlorella vulgaris and Its Blend with Different Vitamins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051602. [PMID: 35268702 PMCID: PMC8911722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a very vital antioxidant extracted from microgreen alga. Chlorella vulgaris has major advantages and requires high yield worldwide. Some microalgae require vitamins for their growth promotion. This study was held to determine the impact of different vitamins including Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Pyridoxine (B6), and Ascorbic acid (c) at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 mg/L of each. Each vitamin was added to the BG11 growth medium to determine the effect on growth, total carbohydrate, total protein, pigments content, antioxidant activities of Chlorella vulgaris. Moreover, antitumor effects of methanol extract of C. vulgaris without and with the supplement of thiamine against Human prostate cancer (PC-3), Hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG-2), Colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and Epitheliod Carcinoma (Hela) was estimated in vitro. C. vulgaris supplemented with various vitamins showed a significant increase in biomass, pigment content, total protein, and total carbohydrates in comparison to the control. Thiamine was the best vitamin influencing as an antioxidant. C. vulgaris supplemented with thiamine had high antitumor effects in vitro. So, it’s necessary to add vitamins to BG11 media for enhancement of the growth and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A. Hamouda
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts, Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt; (E.M.E.); (H.A.H.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Amera Abd El Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ebtihal M. Elkaw
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt; (E.M.E.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Amenah S. Alotaibi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Asma Massad Alenzi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Hanafy A. Hamza
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt; (E.M.E.); (H.A.H.)
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22
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Assef ANB, da Costa BB, Moreira TA, do Carmo LD, de Souza TDFG, Alencar NMN, Alves APNN, Cinelli LP, Wilke DV. Antitumor and immunostimulating sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae Dictyota caribaea. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Drira M, Hentati F, Babich O, Sukhikh S, Larina V, Sharifian S, Homai A, Fendri I, Lemos MFL, Félix C, Félix R, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. Bioactive Carbohydrate Polymers-Between Myth and Reality. Molecules 2021; 26:7068. [PMID: 34885655 PMCID: PMC8659292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are complex macromolecules long regarded as energetic storage resources or as components of plant and fungal cell walls. They have also been described as plant mucilages or microbial exopolysaccharides. The development of glycosciences has led to a partial and difficult deciphering of their other biological functions in living organisms. The objectives of glycobiochemistry and glycobiology are currently to correlate some structural features of polysaccharides with some biological responses in the producing organisms or in another one. In this context, the literature focusing on bioactive polysaccharides has increased exponentially during the last two decades, being sometimes very optimistic for some new applications of bioactive polysaccharides, notably in the medical field. Therefore, this review aims to examine bioactive polysaccharide, taking a critical look of the different biological activities reported by authors and the reality of the market. It focuses also on the chemical, biochemical, enzymatic, and physical modifications of these biopolymers to optimize their potential as bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Drira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- INRAE, URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Stanislas Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Viktoria Larina
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (O.B.); (S.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmad Homai
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, Iran; (S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (M.D.); (I.F.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (M.F.L.L.); (C.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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24
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang P, Imre B, Wong ACY, Hsieh YSY, Wang D. Brown Algae Carbohydrates: Structures, Pharmaceutical Properties, and Research Challenges. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:620. [PMID: 34822491 PMCID: PMC8623139 DOI: 10.3390/md19110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) have been consumed by humans for hundreds of years. Current studies have shown that brown algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds with excellent nutritional value, and are considered functional foods with health benefits. Polysaccharides are the main constituents of brown algae; their diverse structures allow many unique physical and chemical properties that help to moderate a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulation, antibacterial, antioxidant, prebiotic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. In this review, we focus on the major polysaccharide components in brown algae: the alginate, laminarin, and fucoidan. We explore how their structure leads to their health benefits, and their application prospects in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Finally, we summarize the latest developments in applied research on brown algae polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Peiyao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Balázs Imre
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (B.I.); (A.C.Y.W.)
| | - Ann C. Y. Wong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (B.I.); (A.C.Y.W.)
| | - Yves S. Y. Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (B.I.); (A.C.Y.W.)
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 11421 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (P.W.)
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Zhu X, Healy L, Zhang Z, Maguire J, Sun DW, Tiwari BK. Novel postharvest processing strategies for value-added applications of marine algae. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4444-4455. [PMID: 33608900 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are regarded as a promising nutrients resource in future as they can be sustainably cultured without land and high investment. These macroalgae are now widely processed into food and beverages, fertilizers and animal feed. Furthermore, bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides and polyphenols in seaweeds have proven to have antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties that can be utilized in cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. As a key procedure in seaweed production, the postharvest process not only requires more laboured and energy but also affect the quality of the final product significantly. This article reviewed all current postharvest processes and technologies of seaweed and addressed potential postharvest strategies for seaweed production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Zhu
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Healy
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhihang Zhang
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Da-Wen Sun
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Wilkin JD, Ross K, Alric T, Hooper M, Grigor JV, Chu BS. Optimisation of Concentration of Undaria pinnarifida (Wakame) and Himathalia elongate (Sea Spaghetti) Varieties to Effect Digestibility, Texture and Consumer Attribute Preference. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.1958114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Wilkin
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Katrina Ross
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Tiffany Alric
- Veterinary and Agronomy School, VetAgro Sup, Lempdes, France
| | - Matthew Hooper
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland
| | - John V. Grigor
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Boon-Seang Chu
- Division of Engineering and Food Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland
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Zayed A, Mansour MK, Sedeek MS, Habib MH, Ulber R, Farag MA. Rediscovering bacterial exopolysaccharides of terrestrial and marine origins: novel insights on their distribution, biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:597-617. [PMID: 34320886 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria exist in colonies as aggregates or associated with surfaces forming biofilms rather than planktonic cells. Living in such a unique manner is always mediated via a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which are composed mainly of polysaccharides or specifically exopolysaccharides (EPS). Biofilm formation and hence EPS production are affected by biotic and abiotic factors inducing/inhibiting several involved genes and other molecules. In addition, various aspects of bacterial EPS regarding: physiological functions, molecular weight, and chemical composition were demonstrated. Recent investigations have revealed a wide spectrum of EPS chemical and physicochemical properties showing promising applications in different industrial sectors. For instance, lactic acid bacteria (LAB)- and marine-derived EPS exhibit: immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, bioremediation of heavy metals, as well as thickening and viscosity modifiers in the food industry. However, bacterial EPS have not yet been commercially implemented, in contrast to plant-derived analogues. The current review aims to rediscover the EPS structural and biosynthetic features derived from marine and terrestrial bacteria, and applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Sedeek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Mahendiran B, Muthusamy S, Sampath S, Jaisankar SN, Popat KC, Selvakumar R, Krishnakumar GS. Recent trends in natural polysaccharide based bioinks for multiscale 3D printing in tissue regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:564-588. [PMID: 33933542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication by three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an attractive technology in harnessing the possibility to print anatomical shaped native tissues with controlled architecture and resolution. 3D printing offers the possibility to reproduce complex microarchitecture of native tissues by printing live cells in a layer by layer deposition to provide a biomimetic structural environment for tissue formation and host tissue integration. Plant based biomaterials derived from green and sustainable sources have represented to emulate native physicochemical and biological cues in order to direct specific cellular response and formation of new tissues through biomolecular recognition patterns. This comprehensive review aims to analyze and identify the most commonly used plant based bioinks for 3D printing applications. An overview on the role of different plant based biomaterial of terrestrial origin (Starch, Nanocellulose and Pectin) and marine origin (Ulvan, Alginate, Fucoidan, Agarose and Carrageenan) used for 3D printing applications are discussed elaborately. Furthermore, this review will also emphasis in the functional aspects of different 3D printers, appropriate printing material, merits and demerits of numerous plant based bioinks in developing 3D printed tissue-like constructs. Additionally, the underlying potential benefits, limitations and future perspectives of plant based bioinks for tissue engineering (TE) applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mahendiran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shalini Muthusamy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowndarya Sampath
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Jaisankar
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Biomaterial Surface Micro/Nanoengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering/School of Biomedical Engineering/School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado-80523, USA
| | - R Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced studies, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Atya ME, El-Hawiet A, Alyeldeen MA, Ghareeb DA, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Sadek MM. In vitro biological activities and in vivo hepatoprotective role of brown algae-isolated fucoidans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19664-19676. [PMID: 33405141 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are rich in polysaccharides, such as fucoidan (FUC) which has shown beneficial effects in several medical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties of Colpomenia sinuosa- and Sargassum prismaticum-isolated FUC in vitro and in vivo. The hot acid extraction method was used to isolate FUC from C. sinuosa (FCS) and S. prismaticum (FSP) species. The antioxidant, anticancer, as well as the effect on neurotransmitter-degrading enzyme and disaccharidase activities were measured using standard protocols. Moreover, the hepatoprotective effect of two FCS doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) on paracetamol-administered rats (one dose of 1 g/kg) were evaluated by measuring blood liver function markers, hepatic pro-oxidants as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), antioxidants as glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), proinflammatory markers as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and liver histology. The crude fucoidan yield was 15.6% and 14.8% of C. sinuosa and S. prismaticum dry weights, respectively. The antioxidant effects and cytotoxic activity on hepatic cancer cell were higher for FCS than FSP. Moreover, in vivo data showed that FCS administration at both doses significantly improved liver functions and alleviated histological alterations, hepatic inflammation, and oxidative stress following paracetamol intake. In conclusion, fucoidan exerts anti-inflammatory, antidigestive enzyme activity, antioxidant, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Atya
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fishers, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Hawiet
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M El-Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jiang JL, Zhang WZ, Ni WX, Shao JW. Insight on structure-property relationships of carrageenan from marine red algal: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 257:117642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhang W, Park HB, Yadav D, Hwang J, An EK, Eom HY, Kim SJ, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Comparison of human peripheral blood dendritic cell activation by four fucoidans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:477-484. [PMID: 33513426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brown seaweed is an important source of fucoidan, which displays immunomodulatory effects by activating various immune cells. However, these effects of fucoidans from various sources of brown seaweed have not yet been explored in human blood dendritic cells. We studied fucoidans extracted from Ecklonia cava, Macrocystis pyrifera, Undaria pinnatifida, and Fucus vesiculosus for their effects on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MODC) and human peripheral blood DC (PBDC) activation. Ecklonia cava fucoidan (ECF) strongly upregulated co-stimulatory molecules, major histocompatibility complex class I and II, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in MODCs and PBDCs compared to those by the other three fucoidans. Moreover, ECF elicited the strongest effect in the induction of syngeneic T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production compared to those of other fucoidans. These results suggest that ECF could be a suitable candidate molecule for enhancing immune activation in humans compared to that with the other three fucoidans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Eom
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - So-Jung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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32
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Kokoulin MS, Kuzmich AS, Romanenko LA, Chikalovets IV. Structure and in vitro antiproliferative activity of the acidic capsular polysaccharide from the deep-sea bacterium Psychrobacter submarinus KMM 225 T. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117941. [PMID: 33838818 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychrobacter submarinus KMM 225T is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a sea-water sample collected at a depth of 300 m in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Here we report the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from P. submarinus KMM 225T and its effect on the viability and colony formation of cancer cells. The glycopolymer was purified by ultracentrifugation and chromatography methods, and the structure was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and composition analyses. The following structure of the acidic capsular polysaccharide, containing 2-acetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-4-[(S)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose [d-QuipNAc4N(S-Hb)] and 4,6-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethylidene]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose [d-GlcpNAc4,6(S-Pyr)] was established: The capsular polysaccharide slightly reduced the viability but effectively suppressed the colony formation of different types of cancer cells, of which the most pronounced inhibition was shown for the human chronic myelogenous leukemia K-562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim S Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Alexandra S Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Romanenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Irina V Chikalovets
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
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Nishinari K, Fang Y. Molar mass effect in food and health. Food Hydrocoll 2021; 112:106110. [PMID: 32895590 PMCID: PMC7467918 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is demanded to supply foods with good quality for all the humans. With the advent of aging society, palatable and healthy foods are required to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of finance for medical expenditure. Food hydrocolloids can contribute to this demand by versatile functions such as thickening, gelling, stabilising, and emulsifying, controlling texture and flavour release in food processing. Molar mass effects on viscosity and diffusion in liquid foods, and on mechanical and other physical properties of solid and semi-solid foods and films are overviewed. In these functions, the molar mass is one of the key factors, and therefore, the effects of molar mass on various health problems related to noncommunicable diseases or symptoms such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, constipation, high blood pressure, knee pain, osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis and dysphagia are described. Understanding these problems only from the viewpoint of molar mass is limited since other structural characteristics, conformation, branching, blockiness in copolymers such as pectin and alginate, degree of substitution as well as the position of the substituents are sometimes the determining factor rather than the molar mass. Nevertheless, comparison of different behaviours and functions in different polymers from the viewpoint of molar mass is expected to be useful to find a common characteristics, which may be helpful to understand the mechanism in other problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Centre, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, PR China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-6565, Japan
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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da Silva Barbosa J, Palhares LCGF, Silva CHF, Sabry DA, Chavante SF, Rocha HAO. In Vitro Antitumor Potential of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var. flabellata. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:77-89. [PMID: 33170369 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-10004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are important source of bioactive compounds, including sulfated polysaccharides (SP). Because of their structural heterogeneity, these compounds are promising sources of anticancer compounds. SP from brown and red seaweeds have shown antimelanoma activity in different in vitro and in vivo models. However, SP from green seaweed are still poorly evaluated. Therefore, SP were extracted from the green alga Caulerpa cupressoides var. flabellata, and their antiproliferative, anti-migratory, and inhibitory effect on melanin production on B16-F10 melanoma cells was evaluated. Cell assays, including flow cytometry, demonstrated that SP (100-1000 μg mL-1) are non-cytotoxic, do not induce apoptosis or necrosis, and do not interfere with cell cycle. However, SP (1000 μg mL-1) were found to significantly inhibit cell colony formation (80-90%), cell migration (40-75%), and melanin production (~ 20%). In summary, these results showed that SP inhibited important melanoma development events without cytotoxicity effects, suggesting that C. cupressoides may be an important source of SP with antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Campus São Gonçalo do Amarante, São Gonçalo do Amarante, Rio Grande do Norte, 59291-727, Brazil.
| | - Laís Cristina Gusmão Ferreira Palhares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Haynara Ferreira Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Diego Araujo Sabry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Suely Ferreira Chavante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Polímeros Naturais (BIOPOL), Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Brazil.
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Mohammed ASA, Naveed M, Jost N. Polysaccharides; Classification, Chemical Properties, and Future Perspective Applications in Fields of Pharmacology and Biological Medicine (A Review of Current Applications and Upcoming Potentialities). JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:2359-2371. [PMID: 33526994 PMCID: PMC7838237 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential macromolecules which almost exist in all living forms, and have important biological functions, they are getting more attention because they exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antiviral, and hypoglycemia activities, making them one of the most promising candidates in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Polysaccharides can be obtained from many different sources, such as plants, microorganisms, algae, and animals. Due to their physicochemical properties, they are susceptible to physical and chemical modifications leading to enhanced properties, which is the basic concept for their diverse applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we will give insight into the most recent updated applications of polysaccharides and their potentialities as alternatives for traditional and conventional therapies. Challenges and limitations for polysaccharides in pharmaceutical utilities are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Saleh A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
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36
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Hans N, Malik A, Naik S. Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae and its application in combating COVID-19: Mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:100623. [PMID: 33521606 PMCID: PMC7836841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine-derived sulfated polysaccharides possess various antiviral activities against a broad range of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. It has become the potential source of antiviral drugs for pharmaceutical development. In this review, we will discuss the different types of sulfated polysaccharides and their structural classification. Some of the major sulfated polysaccharides with potent antiviral activity, including carrageenan, agar, ulvan, fucoidan, and alginates, are considered in this review. The mechanism of these sulfated polysaccharides in inhibiting the different stages of the viral infection process inside the host cell is also demonstrated. It involves blocking the initial entry of the virus or inhibiting its transcription and translation by modulating the immune response of the host cell. In addition, we explore the potential of sulfated polysaccharides as antiviral agents in preventing recent Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Hans
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyanarayan Naik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and one of the most important public health problems in the world. And every year, millions of new cancers and hundreds of thousands of cancer-related deaths are reported worldwide. In recent decades, a number of biologically active polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes have been isolated from plants, lichen, algae, yeast, fungi and mushroom, and due to their antitumor and immunomodulatory properties, these compounds have received considerable attention. Overall, the two key mechanisms by which polysaccharides act on tumor cells are direct action (inhibition of cancer cell growth and induction of programmed cell death/apoptosis) and indirect action (stimulation of immunity). Immunosuppressive effects are recognizable in both cancer patients and tumor bearing animals, suggesting that the immune system plays an important role in the immune surveillance of cancer cells. Thus, enhancement of the host immune response has been evaluated as a possible way of inhibiting tumor growth without damaging the host. In addition to their therapeutic and prophylactic properties, the polysaccharides are effective and less toxic than chemotherapy. The anticancer activity and immunomodulatory effects of most polysaccharides have shown the promising and real potential for the benefits of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anley Teferra Kiddane
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Caulerpa lentillifera Polysaccharides-Rich Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines Levels Associated with Male Reproductive Functions in Diabetic Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10248768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is positively correlated with reproductive dysfunction. Caulerpa lentillifera is an edible green alga with antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. This study aims to evaluate the ameliorative effects of a polysaccharides-rich extract from C. lentillifera on the reproductive dysfunctions of diabetic male BALB/c mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). C. lentillifera was obtained from hot water and converted into a powder form (C. lentillifera extract (CLE)) by freeze drying. Mice were fed an HFD for 4 weeks before supplementing with STZ (30 mg/kg). The diabetic mice were divided into five groups, including a control group, a diabetic (DM) group, a DM with administration of a low-dose CLE treatment (DM+CLE1, 600 mg/kg), a DM with administration of a high-dose of CLE (DM+CLE2, 1000 mg/kg) and a DM with metformin treatment as a positive control (DM+Met, 200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The results showed that the CLE administration improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were found to decrease in the CLE-treated groups. Additionally, CLE was shown to improve sperm motility and testis morphology. Based on the results, it was confirmed that the polysaccharides-rich extract from C. lentillifera extract was able to prevent diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunction.
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Khotimchenko M, Tiasto V, Kalitnik A, Begun M, Khotimchenko R, Leonteva E, Bryukhovetskiy I, Khotimchenko Y. Antitumor potential of carrageenans from marine red algae. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mondal A, Bose S, Banerjee S, Patra JK, Malik J, Mandal SK, Kilpatrick KL, Das G, Kerry RG, Fimognari C, Bishayee A. Marine Cyanobacteria and Microalgae Metabolites-A Rich Source of Potential Anticancer Drugs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E476. [PMID: 32961827 PMCID: PMC7551136 DOI: 10.3390/md18090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is at present one of the utmost deadly diseases worldwide. Past efforts in cancer research have focused on natural medicinal products. Over the past decades, a great deal of initiatives was invested towards isolating and identifying new marine metabolites via pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions in general. Secondary marine metabolites are looked at as a favorable source of potentially new pharmaceutically active compounds, having a vast structural diversity and diverse biological activities; therefore, this is an astonishing source of potentially new anticancer therapy. This review contains an extensive critical discussion on the potential of marine microbial compounds and marine microalgae metabolites as anticancer drugs, highlighting their chemical structure and exploring the underlying mechanisms of action. Current limitation, challenges, and future research pathways were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur 731 123, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankhadip Bose
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bengal School of Technology, Chuchura 712 102, West Bengal, India;
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Phytochemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, West Bengal, India;
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Korea; (J.K.P.); (G.D.)
| | - Jai Malik
- Centre of Advanced Study, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, Punjab, India;
| | - Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713 206, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Korea; (J.K.P.); (G.D.)
| | - Rout George Kerry
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751 004, Odisha, India;
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
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Hentati F, Tounsi L, Djomdi D, Pierre G, Delattre C, Ursu AV, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. Bioactive Polysaccharides from Seaweeds. Molecules 2020; 25:E3152. [PMID: 32660153 PMCID: PMC7397078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures play a significant role in disease prevention and maintenance of physiological functions. Due to the increase in industrial demand for new biosourced molecules, several types of biomasses are being exploited for the identification of bioactive metabolites and techno-functional biomolecules that are suitable for the subsequent uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical fields. Among the various biomasses available, macroalgae are gaining popularity because of their potential nutraceutical and health benefits. Such health effects are delivered by specific diterpenes, pigments (fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, and carotenoids), bioactive peptides and polysaccharides. Abundant and recent studies have identified valuable biological activities of native algae polysaccharides, but also of their derivatives, including oligosaccharides and (bio)chemically modified polysaccharides. However, only a few of them can be industrially developed and open up new markets of active molecules, extracts or ingredients. In this respect, the health and nutraceutical claims associated with marine algal bioactive polysaccharides are summarized and comprehensively discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Hentati
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisie;
| | - Latifa Tounsi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Djomdi Djomdi
- Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46 Maroua, Cameroon;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alina Violeta Ursu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisie;
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisie;
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (F.H.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (A.V.U.)
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Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Maijo M, Serpico A, Suarez A, Sanchez G, Salek K, Chasapi SA, Zompra AA, Galanis A, Spyroulias GA, Gombau L, Euston SR, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Marine-Derived Surface Active Agents: Health-Promoting Properties and Blue Biotechnology-Based Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060885. [PMID: 32526944 PMCID: PMC7355491 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface active agents are characterized for their capacity to adsorb to fluid and solid-water interfaces. They can be classified as surfactants and emulsifiers based on their molecular weight (MW) and properties. Over the years, the chemical surfactant industry has been rapidly increasing to meet consumer demands. Consequently, such a boost has led to the search for more sustainable and biodegradable alternatives, as chemical surfactants are non-biodegradable, thus causing an adverse effect on the environment. To these ends, many microbial and/or marine-derived molecules have been shown to possess various biological properties that could allow manufacturers to make additional health-promoting claims for their products. Our aim, in this review article, is to provide up to date information of critical health-promoting properties of these molecules and their use in blue-based biotechnology (i.e., biotechnology using aquatic organisms) with a focus on food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Despina-Evgenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariel Klavaris
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Monica Maijo
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Annabel Serpico
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Alba Suarez
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Guiomar Sanchez
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Stylliani A. Chasapi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Aikaterini A. Zompra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Georgios A. Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece; (S.A.C.); (A.A.Z.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Lourdes Gombau
- Division of Health & Biomedicine, LEITAT Technological Centre, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Stephen R. Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.-E.K.); (A.K.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.I.P.)
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, PO Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.I.P.)
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Yang Y, Ji J, Di L, Li J, Hu L, Qiao H, Wang L, Feng Y. Resource, chemical structure and activity of natural polysaccharides against alcoholic liver damages. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116355. [PMID: 32507196 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many natural polysaccharides from bio-resources hold advantages of multi-functions, high efficiency, non-toxicity or low side effect, and have strong potentials in protection against alcoholic liver damages. This review summarized the bio-resources, chemical and structural characteristics of natural polysaccharides with potentials in inhibition against alcoholic liver damages, and also emphasized knowledge on correlations between their chemical structure and function. Approximately 95 species were confirmed in generation of hepatoprotective polysaccharides. Products as crude polysaccharides originated from 17 species were sum up despite the indetermination of their accurate structure. Additional four polysaccharides were described for their known chemical structures. Possible roles of hepatoprotective polysaccharides were provided with evidence on antioxidant promotion, lipids regulation, apoptosis inhibition and anti-inflammation, as well as confirmations in immune enhancement, iron removal and anti-fibrosis when currently treated against the alcoholic liver damages. To sum up, this overview could serve to guide development and utilization of natural hepatoprotective polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Junsong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Lihong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China
| | - Lingchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, PR China; School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Miranda JM, Mondragon ADC, Lamas A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Potential Use of Marine Seaweeds as Prebiotics: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E1004. [PMID: 32102343 PMCID: PMC7070434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota plays an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases. Various dietary factors, including complex carbohydrates, such as polysaccharides, provide abundant nutrients and substrates for microbial metabolism in the gut, affecting the members and their functionality. Nowadays, the main sources of complex carbohydrates destined for human consumption are terrestrial plants. However, fresh water is an increasingly scarce commodity and world agricultural productivity is in a persistent decline, thus demanding the exploration of other sources of complex carbohydrates. As an interesting option, marine seaweeds show rapid growth and do not require arable land, fresh water or fertilizers. The present review offers an objective perspective of the current knowledge surrounding the impacts of seaweeds and their derived polysaccharides on the human microbiome and the profound need for more in-depth investigations into this topic. Animal experiments and in vitro colonic-simulating trials investigating the effects of seaweed ingestion on human gut microbiota are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.L.); (A.C.-C.); (C.M.F.); (A.C.)
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Kokoulin MS, Filshtein AP, Romanenko LA, Chikalovets IV, Chernikov OV. Structure and bioactivity of sulfated α-D-mannan from marine bacterium Halomonas halocynthiae KMM 1376T. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nikolova B, Semkova S, Tsoneva I, Antov G, Ivanova J, Vasileva I, Kardaleva P, Stoineva I, Christova N, Nacheva L, Kabaivanova L. Characterization and potential antitumor effect of a heteropolysaccharide produced by the red alga Porphyridium sordidum. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:978-985. [PMID: 32624987 PMCID: PMC6999067 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking into account the rising trend of the incidence of cancers of various organs, effective therapies are urgently needed to control human malignancies. However, almost all chemotherapy drugs currently on the market cause serious side effects. Fortunately, several studies have shown that some non-toxic biological macromolecules, including algal polysaccharides, possess anti-cancer activities or can increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs. Polysaccharides are characteristic secondary metabolites of many algae. The efficacy of polysaccharides on the normal and cancer cells is not well investigated, but our investigations proved a cell specific effect of a newly isolated extracellular polysaccharide from the red microalga Porphyridium sordidum. The investigated substance was composed of xylose:glucose and galactose:manose:rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:0.52:0.44:0.31. Reversible electroporation has been exploited to increase the transport through the plasma membrane into the tested breast cancer tumor cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. Application of 75 µg/mL polysaccharide in combination with 200 V/cm electroporation induced 40% decrease in viability of MDA-MB231 cells and changes in cell morphology while control cells (MCF10A) remained with normal morphology and kept vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biliana Nikolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Severina Semkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Iana Tsoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Georgi Antov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical EngineeringBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Juliana Ivanova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and GeneticsBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Ivanina Vasileva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and GeneticsBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Proletina Kardaleva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of PhytochemistryBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Ivanka Stoineva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of PhytochemistryBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Nelly Christova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Lilyana Nacheva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Kabaivanova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of MicrobiologyBulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
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Liu Z, Gao T, Yang Y, Meng F, Zhan F, Jiang Q, Sun X. Anti-Cancer Activity of Porphyran and Carrageenan from Red Seaweeds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234286. [PMID: 31775255 PMCID: PMC6930528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are some of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment and are rich in bioactive compounds that are often used for human and animal health. Porphyran and carrageenan are natural compounds derived from red seaweeds. The former is a characteristic polysaccharide of Porphyra, while the latter is well known from Chondrus, Gigartina, and various Eucheuma species, all in Rhodophyceae. The two polysaccharides have been found to have anti-cancer activity by improving immunity and targeting key apoptotic molecules and therefore deemed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents. This review attempts to review the current study of anti-cancer activity and the possible mechanisms of porphyran and carrageenan derived from red seaweeds to various cancers, and their cooperative actions with other anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210017, China;
| | - Ying Yang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China;
| | - Fanxin Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fengping Zhan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-25-86618250 (Q.J.); +86-756-7626350 (X.S.)
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-25-86618250 (Q.J.); +86-756-7626350 (X.S.)
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Gomez-Zavaglia A, Prieto Lage MA, Jimenez-Lopez C, Mejuto JC, Simal-Gandara J. The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090406. [PMID: 31533320 PMCID: PMC6770939 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two thirds of the world is covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by algae. This means that there is a large extension to obtain these photoautotrophic organisms. Algae have undergone a boom in recent years, with consequent discoveries and advances in this field. Algae are not only of high ecological value but also of great economic importance. Possible applications of algae are very diverse and include anti-biofilm activity, production of biofuels, bioremediation, as fertilizer, as fish feed, as food or food ingredients, in pharmacology (since they show antioxidant or contraceptive activities), in cosmeceutical formulation, and in such other applications as filters or for obtaining minerals. In this context, algae as food can be of help to maintain or even improve human health, and there is a growing interest in new products called functional foods, which can promote such a healthy state. Therefore, in this search, one of the main areas of research is the extraction and characterization of new natural ingredients with biological activity (e.g., prebiotic and antioxidant) that can contribute to consumers' well-being. The present review shows the results of a bibliographic survey on the chemical composition of macroalgae, together with a critical discussion about their potential as natural sources of new functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), CCT-CONICET La Plata, Calle 47 y 116, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Prieto Lage
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan C Mejuto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Sun Y, Cui X, Duan M, Ai C, Song S, Chen X. In vitro fermentation of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides by human gut microbiota and its inflammatory effect on HT29 cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Methanolic Extract of Artemia salina Eggs and Various Fractions in Different Solvents Contain Potent Compounds That Decrease Cell Viability of Colon and Skin Cancer Cell Lines and Show Antibacterial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9528256. [PMID: 31198432 PMCID: PMC6526577 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9528256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Artemia salina, crustaceans of class Branchiopoda and order Anostraca, are living and reproducing only in highly saline natural lakes and in other reservoirs where sea water is evaporated to produce salt. Artemia salina eggs can be purchased from pet stores, where they are sold as tropical fish food and a ready source for hatching shrimp. In the current study, methanolic crude extracts and various fractions of Artemia salina eggs extracted in other solvents were tested for effects on cell viability of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. A methanolic crude extract of eggs was obtained by cold maceration, followed by fractionation to obtain hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions. The methanolic crude extract decreased cell viability of HCT-116 and B16F10 cell lines at higher concentrations. The other fractions were evaluated using a cell viability assay, and chloroform and hexane showed the highest activity at significantly lower concentrations than did the methanolic fraction. Full scan profiles of the methanolic crude extract and the chloroform and hexane fractions were obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the resultant compounds were identified by comparing their spectral data to those available in spectral matching libraries. ROS generation assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis provided supporting evidence that the hexane and chloroform fractions induced cell death in HCT116 and B16-F10 cell lines. All fractions were further tested for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among which the hexane fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition on LB nutrient agar plates. This study demonstrated promising anticancer and antibacterial effects of Artemia salina egg extracts. Our results suggest that pure bioactive compounds obtained from Artemia salina eggs can provide new insights into the mechanisms of colon and skin cancer, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition.
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