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Lewis JI, Lind MV, Møller G, Hansen T, Pedersen H, Christensen MMB, Laursen JC, Nielsen S, Ottendahl CB, Larsen CVL, Stark KD, Bjerregaard P, Jørgensen ME, Lauritzen L. The effect of traditional diet on glucose homoeostasis in carriers and non-carriers of a common TBC1D4 variant in Greenlandic Inuit: a randomised crossover study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1871-1884. [PMID: 37129117 PMCID: PMC10632723 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homoeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant in a randomised crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions: Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 2-h), 14-d continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared with the Western diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0·17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·05, 0·29; P = 0·006) and 0·26 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·06, 0·46; P = 0·010), respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0·5 kg (95 % CI; 0·09, 0·90; P = 0·016) relative to the Western diet and 4 % (95 % CI 1, 9; P = 0·018) lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0·09 mmol/l (0·03, 0·15), P = 0·006). A diet-gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p = 0·093), which reflected a non-significant increase of 1·4 (-0·6, 3·5) mmol/l in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared with a Westernised diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the TBC1D4 variant warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ivor Lewis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Sara Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ken D. Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- SDU, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Ilisimatusarfik, The University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Megawati G, Syahruddin SS, Tjandra W, Kusumawati M, Herawati DMD, Gurnida DA, Musfiroh I. Effects of Indonesian Shortfin Eel ( Anguilla bicolor) By-Product Oil Supplementation on HOMA-IR and Lipid Profile in Obese Male Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3904. [PMID: 37764688 PMCID: PMC10534436 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of people being overweight and obese has increased globally over the past decades. The use of omega-3 fatty acids-a compound usually primarily found in fish oil-has been known to improve the metabolic profile of obese patients. As the demand for eels increases, the number of waste products from the eels increases and creates environmental problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a newly discovered Indonesian Shortfin eel by-product oil supplementation on the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profiles of obese male (Lee index ≥ 0.3) Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The oil was extracted from waste products (heads). Fifteen obese rats were divided into three groups and were administered NaCl (C), commercial fish oil (CO), and Indonesian shortfin eel by-product oil (EO). All groups had statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). The CO and EO group showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride after treatment. However, no significant difference was found in HDL levels and HOMA-IR. The supplementation of Indonesian shortfin eel by-product oil significantly improved lipid profile while effectively mitigating environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Megawati
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Siti Shofiah Syahruddin
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Winona Tjandra
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Maya Kusumawati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dida Achmad Gurnida
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Ida Musfiroh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis dan Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Siroma TK, Machate DJ, Zorgetto-Pinheiro VA, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, Hiane PA, Bogo D, Pott A, Cury ERJ, Guimarães RDCA, Vilela MLB, Ferreira RDS, do Nascimento VA. Polyphenols and ω-3 PUFAs: Beneficial Outcomes to Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 8:781622. [PMID: 35111795 PMCID: PMC8802753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.781622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the leading causes of death in the worldwide. On the other hand, the intake of vegetables, fruits and fish is related to the reduction of obesity and other metabolic syndromes. This review aims to highlight the role of ingestion of polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in reducing obesity and related metabolic diseases (RMDs). The consumption of vegetables, fish and by-products rich in polyphenols and α-linolenic acid (ALA), as well as oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with a decrease in obesity and its RMDs in consumers. Furthermore, we discussed the adequate amount of extracts, powder, polyphenols, ω-3 PUFAs administrated in animal models and human subjects, and the relevant outcomes obtained. Thus, we appeal to the research institutions and departments of the Ministries of Health in each country to develop a food education joint project to help schools, businesses and families with the aim of reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Keiko Siroma
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - David Johane Machate
- Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health - GEBABS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elenir Rose Jardim Cury
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health - GEBABS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Hao Y, Sun X, Wen N, Song D, Li H. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:890-899. [PMID: 35832715 PMCID: PMC9266948 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/141577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are limited studies exploring the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on pregnancy outcomes. The goal of this study was to review relevant studies in order to determine the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on pregnancy outcomes based on eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Qualified studies were searched by keywords in PubMed, the Cochrane library and Embase. Studies from other pertinent sources were also reviewed, and RCTs published before January 2021 were reviewed. For each study, we assessed and synthesized the outcomes by relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) combined with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS We included 13 studies with 9069 patients. Compared with the control group, n-3 PUFA significantly decreased the incidence of preterm delivery (RR = 0.898, 95% CI: 0.819-0.984) and low birthweight (RR = 0.797, 95% CI: 0.655-0.970), and increased the birth weight (WMD = 99.340, 95% CI: 10.503-188.177) and birth length (WMD = 0.449, 95% CI: 0.236-0.663). There was no significant difference in pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUIG), early preterm delivery, anti-hypertensive therapy, gestational diabetes or head circumference at birth between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence shows that n-3 PUFA is not beneficial in reducing the incidence of maternal pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertension; but it is beneficial to neonatal health such as decreasing the incidence of preterm delivery and low birthweight and increasing birth weight and birth length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hao
- Department of Genecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoshi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningning Wen
- Department of Genecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Miralles-Pérez B, Méndez L, Nogués MR, Sánchez-Martos V, Fortuño-Mar À, Ramos-Romero S, Hereu M, Medina I, Romeu M. Effects of a Fish Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Rats. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100555. [PMID: 34677454 PMCID: PMC8539050 DOI: 10.3390/md19100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with a lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is easily oxidized, leading to cellular damage. The present study examined the effects of an increased concentration of DHA in fish oil (80% of total fatty acids) on cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress compared to coconut oil, soybean oil, and fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in a balanced ratio. Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with corresponding oil for 10 weeks. Supplementation with the fish oil containing 80% DHA decreased plasma fat, plasma total cholesterol and muscle fat compared to the coconut oil and the soybean oil. Increasing concentrations of DHA induced incorporation of DHA and EPA in cell membranes and tissues along with a decrease in ω-6 arachidonic acid. The increase in DHA promoted lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and antioxidant response. Taken together, the increased concentration of DHA in fish oil reduced fat accumulation compared to the coconut oil and the soybean oil. This benefit was accompanied by high lipid peroxidation and subsequent protein carbonylation in plasma and in liver. In our healthy framework, the slightly higher carbonylation found after receiving fish oil containing 80% DHA might be a protecting mechanism, which fit with the general improvement of antioxidant defense observed in those rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Miralles-Pérez
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group (NFOC-SALUT), Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (V.S.-M.); (M.R.)
| | - Lucía Méndez
- Chemistry of Marine Products, Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Maria Rosa Nogués
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group (NFOC-SALUT), Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (V.S.-M.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-75-9355
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Martos
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group (NFOC-SALUT), Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (V.S.-M.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-R.); (M.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avd/Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Hereu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-R.); (M.H.)
| | - Isabel Medina
- Chemistry of Marine Products, Department of Food Technology, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Spain; (L.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Marta Romeu
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group (NFOC-SALUT), Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain; (B.M.-P.); (V.S.-M.); (M.R.)
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Al Rijjal D, Liu Y, Lai M, Song Y, Danaei Z, Wu A, Mohan H, Wei L, Schopfer FJ, Dai FF, Wheeler MB. Vascepa protects against high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and impaired β-cell function. iScience 2021; 24:102909. [PMID: 34458694 PMCID: PMC8379293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid prescription drugs, Vascepa (≥96% eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] ethyl ester) and Lovaza (46.5% EPA and 37.5% docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester) are known therapeutic regimens to treat hypertriglyceridemia. However, their impact on glucose homeostasis, progression to type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic beta cell function are not well understood. In the present study, mice were treated with Vascepa or Lovaza for one week prior to six weeks of high-fat diet feeding. Vascepa but not Lovaza led to reduced insulin resistance, reduced fasting insulin and glucose, and improved glucose intolerance. Vascepa improved beta cell function, reduced liver triglycerides with enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation genes, and altered microbiota composition. Vascepa has protective effects on diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Al Rijjal
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Mi Lai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Youchen Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Danaei
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haneesha Mohan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Feihan F. Dai
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B. Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Research Institute, ON, Canada
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. New perspective toward nutritional support for malnourished cancer patients: Role of lipids. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1381-1421. [PMID: 33533186 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To improve the difficulties related to malnutrition, nutritional support has become an essential part of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment for cancer. Lipids are essential nutrient source for the human body, and nowadays in clinical practices, it has a positive interventional effect on patients suffering from cancer. However, contribution of lipids in nutritional support of cancer patients is still poorly understood. Moreover, the sensory and physicochemical properties of lipids can severely restrict their applications in lipid-rich formula foods. In this review article, for the first time, we have presented a summary of the existing studies which were related to the associations between different lipids and improved malnutrition in cancer patients and discussed possible mechanisms. Subsequently, we discussed the challenges and effective solutions during processing of lipids into formula foods. Further, by considering existing problems in current lipid nutritional support, we proposed a novel method for the treatment of malnutrition, including developing individualized lipid nutrition for different patients depending on the individual's genotype and enterotype. Nonetheless, this review study provides a new direction for future research on nutritional support and the development of lipid-rich formula foods for cancer patients, and probably will help to improve the efficacy of lipids in the treatment of cancer malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Cobia Liver Oil and Protein Hydrolysates with Antioxidant Activity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is a medium-size marine fish with emerging global potential for offshore aquaculture. The processing waste, cobia liver, is a raw material rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid oils. In this study, an environmentally friendly green process, aqueous extraction (AE), was used to extract the cobia liver oil. The effect of cooking time and substrate water ratio on the oil extractability was investigated herein. The cooking time of 15 min, and substrate water ratio of 1:2 obtained the highest extraction efficiency. However, the oil extractability was only 18.8%. Thus, enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) was used to increase oil extractability and recovery of protein hydrolysates. The commercial proteases—including alcalase, papain, trypsin, and pepsin—were employed in pretreated cobia liver in order to increase oil release during AE. The EAAE results showed that maximum oil extractability was 38% by papain pretreatment. EAAE greatly improved the extraction efficiency; the oil extractability was double than that of AE (18.8%). The fatty acid profiles revealed that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of extracted oil obtained from AE and EAAE were 21.3% and 19.5%, respectively. Besides, the cobia liver hydrolysates obtained from EAAE by alcalase, papain, pepsin, and trypsin pretreatment showed scavenge DPPH radical activity with EC50 values of 0.92, 1.03, 0.83, and 0.53 mg, respectively. After in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the protein hydrolysates exhibited scavenge DPPH radical activity with EC50 values of 1.15, 1.55, 0.98, and 0.76 mg for alcalase, papain, pepsin, and trypsin, respectively. The study showed that the EAAE process can be used for extracting fish oil from fish waste while simultaneously obtaining the protein hydrolysates with antioxidant activity.
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9
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Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102487. [PMID: 33066870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Valenzuela R, Ortiz M, Hernández-Rodas MC, Echeverría F, Videla LA. Targeting n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5250-5272. [PMID: 30968772 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190410121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol consumption, in association with Oxidative Stress (OS), a pro-inflammatory state and Insulin Resistance (IR), which are attenuated by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (FAs) C20-C22 (LCPUFAs) supplementation. Main causes of NAFLD comprise high caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, with high intakes of saturated FAs. METHODS The review includes several searches considering the effects of n-3 LCPUFAs in NAFLD in vivo and in vitro models, using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine- National Institutes of Health. RESULT The LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n- 3, DHA) have a positive effect in diminishing liver steatosis, OS, and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels. The molecular pathways described for n-3 LCPUFAs in cellular and animal models and humans include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation favouring FA oxidation, diminution of lipogenesis due to sterol responsive element binding protein-1c downregulation and inflammation resolution. Besides, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 activation is elicited by n-3 LCPUFA-derived oxidation products producing direct and indirect antioxidant responses, with concomitant anti-fibrogenic action. CONCLUSION The discussed effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation support its use in NAFLD, although having a limited value in NASH, a contention that may involve n-3 LCPUFA oxygenated derivatives. Clinical trials establishing optimal dosages, intervention times, type of patients and possible synergies with other natural products are needed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Merced 333, Curicó 3340000, Chile
| | - María Catalina Hernández-Rodas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Luis Alberto Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Esteves GP, Manca CS, Veida-Silva HP, Ovidio PP, Holland H, Matsuo FS, Osako MK, Jordao AA. A fish oil-rich diet leads to lower adiposity and serum triglycerides but increases liver lipid peroxidation in fructose-fed rats. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Consumption of refined carbohydrates has risen in recent years alongside chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fructose is a monosaccharide made widely available in industrialized products, capable of inducing excessive weight gain and liver steatosis in animal models, while omega-3 fatty acids, present in foods such as fatty fish and fish oil, have shown to inhibit genes related to lipogenesis and decrease cardiovascular risk. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of a high-fructose diet on weight gain, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, and liver histology and investigate fish oil’s potential protective role. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: regular chow diet (CT), regular chow diet plus 20% fructose in drinking water (Fr), and a diet containing 10% fish oil plus 20% fructose in drinking water (FOFr). After 12 weeks, tissues of interest were collected for biochemical and histological analyses.
Results
Although fructose consumption did not lead to increased hepatic fat, it caused a significant increase in weight gain, white adipose tissue, and serum triglycerides in the Fr group, while fish oil promoted normalized serum triglycerides and even reduced adiposity in the FOFr group. Additionally, the inclusion of fish oil in the FOFr diet led to increased liver lipid peroxidation in the form of increased hepatic MDA.
Conclusions
It is concluded that fish oil can prevent important metabolic alterations caused by fructose consumption, but its dosage must be taken into account to prevent oxidative stress and potential liver damage.
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12
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Farag M, Ashour E, El-Hadidy W. Amelioration of High Fructose Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance, Hyperuricemia, and Liver Oxidative Stress by Combined Use of Selective Agonists of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ in Rats. DUBAI MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000506899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of high-fructose (Fr) corn sweeteners and sucrose in manufactured food has markedly increased recently. This excessive Fr intake has been proposed in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome, which shows an increasing prevalence throughout the world. Objective: In this study, we questioned whether fenofibrate (FF), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist, and pioglitazone (PG), a PPAR-γ agonist, might be effective in ameliorating the metabolic syndrome in a rat model. Materials and Methods: The metabolic syndrome was induced by feeding rats a high-Fr (60%) diet for 10 weeks. The rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, fed a normal rat chow; Fr + vehicle group; Fr + FF group; Fr + PG group; and Fr + (FF + PG) group (treated with both drugs). Drug or vehicle treatment was given daily for 6 weeks (from weeks 5 to 10). Thereafter, blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical studies. Results: Rats fed a high-Fr diet developed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia, and had increased serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde levels but decreases in both glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity. Rat treatment with FF and/or PG attenuated these alterations. The improvement was greater with the combined treatment than with either drug alone, and normalization of insulin sensitivity was observed only in rats treated with the combination therapy. Conclusion: Acting on the 2 main PPAR subfamilies, the combination of FF and PG provides a more efficacious therapy for modulating the changes in serum insulin, uric acid, and lipids, as well as the accompanying hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress that characterize the Fr-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Spirulina platensis prevents oxidative stress and inflammation promoted by strength training in rats: dose-response relation study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6382. [PMID: 32286405 PMCID: PMC7156748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Spirulina Platensis supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage, inflammation, and performance in trained rats. Rats (250 g - 300 g) were submitted to a strength training program (eight weeks), divided into four groups: control (GT) (trained without supplementation), trained with daily-supplementation of 50 mg/kg (GT50), 150 mg/kg (GT150) and 500 mg/kg (GT500). Training consisted of a jump protocol in PVC-cylinder containing water, with increasing load over experimental weeks. We evaluated the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA and antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) at the end of the training. Among groups submitted to strength training, concentration of C-reactive protein decreased after 8 weeks of intervention in the trained group and GT500. Strength training enhanced plasma MDA concentration of malondialdehyde with supplementation of S. platensis in GT150 and GT500. In plasma analysis, strength training enhanced the percentage of oxidation inhibition, with spirulina supplementation in rates of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Spirulina supplementation for 8 weeks (in a dose-effect manner) improved antioxidant capacity as well as attenuated exercise-induced increases in ROS and inflammation. As a practical application, the use as high doses did not cause a reduction in positive physiological adaptations to exercise training. Additional studies are necessary to test the application of Spirulina Platensis in other contexts, as collective sports (basketball, football, soccer).
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14
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Hu S, Wang J, Yan X, Yang H, Li S, Jiang W, Liu Y. Egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus alleviates insulin resistance through activation of insulin signaling in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1081-1088. [PMID: 30802144 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine bioactive lipids have been utilized to overcome insulin resistance. However, oil from swimming crab has never been studied. Here, we analyzed the constituents of egg oil from Portunus trituberculatus (Pt-egg oil) and investigated its protective effects against insulin resistance in mice on a high-fat diet. The results showed that Pt-egg oil contained 52.05% phospholipids, 8.61% free fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), 32.38% triglyceride, 4.79% total cholesterol, and ditissimus astaxanthin. Animal experiments showed that Pt-egg oil significantly mitigated insulin resistance and was associated with reductions in blood glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, serum lipids, and hepatic glycogen. Pt-egg oil activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glucose transporter 4 pathway in skeletal muscle both at the transcriptional level and at the translational level. Pt-egg oil also promoted hepatic glycogen synthesis through activation of the PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta pathway. These indicate that Pt-egg oil can be used as an alternative to marine bioactive lipids to improve insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Huicheng Yang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhoushan, 316022, China
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Kunz HE, Dasari S, Lanza IR. EPA and DHA elicit distinct transcriptional responses to high-fat feeding in skeletal muscle and liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E460-E472. [PMID: 31265326 PMCID: PMC6766610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00083.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert numerous beneficial biological effects and attenuate diet-induced insulin resistance in rodent models. In the present study, the independent, tissue-specific effects of two nutritionally relevant n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were characterized in the context of a high-fat diet (HFD). EPA and DHA supplementation (3.2% of total fat) in 6-mo-old male C57BL/6 mice fed an HFD (60% fat) partially mitigated reductions in insulin sensitivity. At 5 wk, the area above the curve below baseline glucose following an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test was 54.5% lower in HFD than control, whereas HFD + EPA and HFD + DHA showed 27.6% and 17.1% reductions, respectively. At 10 wk, HFD increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity supported by lipid and carbohydrate-based substrates in both liver and skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), with little effect of EPA or DHA supplementation. Whole genome transcriptomic analyses revealed HFD-induced transcriptional changes indicative of inflammation and fibrosis in both liver and muscle. Gene set enrichment analyses indicated a downregulation of transcripts associated with extracellular matrix in muscle (family-wise error rate P < 0.01) and liver (P = 0.04) and in transcripts associated with inflammation in muscle (P = 0.03) in HFD + DHA compared with HFD alone. In contrast, EPA appeared to potentiate some proinflammatory effects of the HFD. In the skeletal muscle, DHA increased the expression of stress-responsive genes, whereas EPA upregulated the expression of transcripts related to cell cycle. Therefore, although both EPA and DHA supplementation during HFD partially preserve insulin signaling, they modulate distinct processes, highlighting their unique biological effects in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawley E Kunz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Miller EK, Scoggin S, Menikdiwela KR, Kalupahana NS, Festuccia WT, Moustaid-Moussa N. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Adiposity, Glucose Intolerance and Increases Oxygen Consumption Independently of Uncoupling Protein 1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800821. [PMID: 30657255 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and has been proposed as an anti-obesity target. It was reported previously that a high-fat (HF) diet enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly increased UCP1 and other thermogenic markers in BAT. It is hypothesized that these effects are mediated through UCP1-dependent regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) B6 male mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed a HF diet, without or with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil. HF-fed KO mice were heavier and had higher BAT lipid content than other groups. Protective effects of EPA in WT, previously observed at 22 °C (reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and increased UCP1), disappeared at thermoneutrality. Mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX I), COX I, II, and IV were reduced in the KO mice compared to WT. Unexpectedly, EPA attenuated weight and fat mass gain and improved glucose tolerance in the KO mice. Finally, EPA increased BAT peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) protein and gene expression, and whole-body oxygen consumption in KO mice, consistent with increased mitochondria DNA (mtDNA)/nuclear DNA (nucDNA) ratio. CONCLUSIONS EPA rescued the weight gain and glucose intolerance in UCP1 KO mice at thermoneutrality, independent of UCP1; these effects may be mediated in part via increased oxygen consumption and BAT PGC1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Emily K Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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17
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Effective Food Ingredients for Fatty Liver: Soy Protein β-Conglycinin and Fish Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124107. [PMID: 30567368 PMCID: PMC6321427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent in modern society because of a lifestyle consisting of high dietary fat and sucrose consumption combined with little exercise. Among the consequences of obesity are the emerging epidemics of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a transcription factor that stimulates gene expression related to de novo lipogenesis in the liver. In response to a high-fat diet, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ2, another nuclear receptor, is increased, which leads to the development of NAFLD. β-Conglycinin, a soy protein, prevents NAFLD induced by diets high in sucrose/fructose or fat by decreasing the expression and function of these nuclear receptors. β-Conglycinin also improves NAFLD via the same mechanism as for prevention. Fish oil contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Fish oil is more effective at preventing NAFLD induced by sucrose/fructose because SREBP-1c activity is inhibited. However, the effect of fish oil on NAFLD induced by fat is controversial because fish oil further increases PPARγ2 expression, depending upon the experimental conditions. Alcohol intake also causes an alcoholic fatty liver, which is induced by increased SREBP-1c and PPARγ2 expression and decreased PPARα expression. β-Conglycinin and fish oil are effective at preventing alcoholic fatty liver because β-conglycinin decreases the function of SREBP-1c and PPARγ2, and fish oil decreases the function of SREBP-1c and increases that of PPARα.
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18
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Al-Okbi SY, El-Qousy SM, El-Ghlban S, Moawad HF. Role of Borage Seed Oil and Fish Oil with or without Turmeric and Alpha- Tocopherol in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Fatty Liver in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1551-1562. [PMID: 30429440 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to Study the prevention of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and fatty liver as risk factors for cardiovascular disease via intervention by borage oil (B) and fish oil (F) with or without turmeric (T) and alpha-tocopherols (TC). Fatty acids were assessed in both oils while curcuminoids were determined in turmeric. Rats were divided into; first group fed on balanced diet and designated as normal control (NC), second fed on dyslipidemic and steatohepatitis (DS) inducer diet which represented the DS control group and groups 3-6 fed on DS inducer diet with daily oral administration of B, B+T+TC, F and F+T+TC; respectively for 5 weeks. Liver fat and plasma lipid profile, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker and liver and heart histopathology were assessed. Results showed gamma linolenic to be 21.01% in B. F contained eicosapentaenoic as 22.768% and docosahexaenoic acid as 13.574%.Total curcuminoids were 4.63 mg/g turmeric. The DS control group showed significant dyslipidemia, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and liver fat with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to NC. The different treatments produced significant improvement in all the parameters and histopathology. F was superior to B in ameliorating liver histopathological changes while B was more efficient in elevating TAC. B was more promising in improving lipid profile and liver fat compared to B + T + TC, while the latter was superior in improving MDA and liver histopathology. Fish oil was more efficient than F+TC+T except for TAC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol which were more improved on addition of TC and T. Conclusion: Borage and fish oil with or without antioxidants protect from cardiovascular and fatty liver diseases with variable degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Y Al-Okbi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre
| | - Salah M El-Qousy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science El Menoufeia University
| | - Samah El-Ghlban
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science El Menoufeia University
| | - Hosam F Moawad
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
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Afridi AJ, Zuberi A, Yousafzai AM, Kamran M, Ullah S. Hemp (Marijuana) reverted Copper-induced toxic effects on the essential fatty acid profile of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:391-401. [PMID: 30443820 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution affects the nutritive value of fish. This study examined if the inclusion of dietary hempseed (HS) and hempseed oil (HO) in the diet of the fish could revert the copper-induced toxic effects on muscle fatty acid profile of rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). Fingerlings of both species were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of copper i.e., 20% of LC50 (1.34 ppm for rohu and 1.52 ppm for mrigal) for 96 h for 30 days. Following exposure, fish were maintained on graded levels of HO (1, 2 and 3%) or on HS (5, 10 and 15%) for 50 days. Copper exposure showed a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of both species; increased their saturated (SFA) to unsaturated (USFA) and altered their omega-3/omega-6 (ω-3/ω-6) ratios. However, feeding graded levels of hempseed products reverted the toxic effects of copper on the fatty acid profile of both the species, significantly increased muscle total fatty acid contents, improved ω-3/ω-6 ratios, and decreased SFA / USFA ratio in % inclusion dependent manner. Furthermore, hempseed product showed a species-specific effect on USFA. The ω-3/ω-6 ratios decreased in the muscle of C. mrigala whereas an increasing trend with an increase in hempseed product % inclusion was observed in L. rohita. Moreover, HS showed a higher impact on both species as compared to HO. With the findings of this study, hempseed product could be recommended as a feed ingredient for enhancing the essential fatty acid contents of fish which in turn can have a good impact on consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Jan Afridi
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Muhammad Yousafzai
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Rodrigues AH, Moreira CCL, Neves MJ, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Replacement of soybean oil by fish oil increases cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diets. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Guo XF, Gao JL, Li JM, Li D. fat-1 mice prevent high-fat plus high-sugar diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Funct 2018; 8:4053-4061. [PMID: 28972610 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-fat and high-sugar (HFS) diets have been suggested to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate whether fat-1 transgenic mice with a higher tissue content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could prevent HFS diet-induced NAFLD, compared with wild-type mice. The fat-1 and wild-type littermates had free access to a 15% fructose solution plus high-fat diet, a 15% glucose solution plus high-fat diet, or a 15% sucrose solution plus high-fat diet, respectively. Caloric intake, weight gain, biochemical parameters, histology, and gene and protein expression levels were measured after 8 weeks of intervention. Liquid intake in glucose- or sucrose-fed mice was about 2-fold compared with that in fructose-fed mice. The wild-type mice given glucose showed the highest total caloric intake and weight gain compared to the other groups. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and alanine transaminase (ALT) were significantly lowered in fat-1 groups compared with their paired wild-type groups. Histological analysis showed that the wild-type groups fed the HFS diets developed hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis, compared with the fat-1 groups. The gene and protein expression levels involved in fatty acid synthesis and the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling pathway were significantly inhibited in the fat-1 groups compared with the wild-type groups. The endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs of the three fat-1 groups, which inhibit fatty acid synthesis and the TLR-4 signaling pathway, prevent HFS diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Corte CD, Iasevoli S, Strologo AD, Sanseviero M, Nobili V. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Fatty Liver Disease in Children. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 85:59-77. [PMID: 29860977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Industrialized Countries in adults and children. It is estimated that NAFLD will become the main indication for liver transplantation in the next decade. NAFLD is also considered the hepatic feature of metabolic syndrome and therefore it is generally associated to the risk of developing some metabolic complications, with negative impact on patient's survival. Today, no pharmacological treatment has been identified for NAFLD, and behavioral approach, based on diet and regular physical exercise, represent the current recommended treatment, even if with disappointing results. For these reasons, several pharmacological trials have been conducted, in order to identify possible alternative therapy direct against pathogenetic targets of NAFLD. Several data have suggested the potential beneficial role of omega-3 fatty acids in NAFLD and its related metabolic disarray. In this chapter, we try to elucidate the molecular and clinical available evidence for the omega-3 supplementation in pediatric NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valerio Nobili
- "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy; Hepatogastroenterology Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Wu Y, Li W, Lu Y, Wu Q, Yang X. Stachyose combined with tea polyphenols mitigated metabolic disorders in high fructose diet-fed mice as studied by GC-MS metabolomics approach. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1420101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Wu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area’s Medicinal Herbs, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Chongqing Municipality for Protection and Utility of Unique Plant Resources in the Wulingshan Region, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalong Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiu Wu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Serum and Liver Tissue Metabonomic Study on Fatty Liver in Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet and Intervention Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qushi Huayu Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6242697. [PMID: 29018486 PMCID: PMC5605908 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6242697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Qushi Huayu Decoction (QSHY), clinically derived, consists of five crude drugs, commonly used in treating fatty liver in a clinical setting. However, little is known about its metabolomics study. Herein, the serum and liver tissue metabolomics approach, based on gas chromatography coupled to spectrometry (GC/MS), was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the mechanism underlying QSHY in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced fatty liver. With pattern recognition analysis of serum and liver tissue metabolite profile, a clear separation of model group and control group was acquired for serum and liver tissue samples, respectively. The QSHY group showed a predisposition towards recovery mimicking the control group, which was in agreement with the biochemical alterations and histological results. 23 candidate biomarkers were identified in the serum and liver tissue samples that were utilized for exploring the underlying mechanism. The present study suggests that QSHY has significant anti-fatty liver effects on high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats, which might be attributed to regulating the dysfunction of beta-alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and citrate cycle. Thus, metabolomics is a useful tool in the evaluation of the efficacy and elucidation of the mechanism underlying the complex traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
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Impact of Fish Oil Supplementation and Interruption of Fructose Ingestion on Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis of Rats Drinking Different Concentrations of Fructose. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4378328. [PMID: 28929113 PMCID: PMC5591931 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4378328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. Continuous fructose consumption may cause elevation of circulating triacylglycerol. However, how much of this alteration is reverted after the removal of fructose intake is not known. We explored this question and compared the efficacy of this approach with fish oil supplementation. Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (C), fructose (F) (water intake with 10% or 30% fructose for 9 weeks), fish oil (FO), and fructose/fish oil (FFO). Fish oil was supplemented only for the last 33 days of fructose ingestion. Half of the F group remained for additional 8 weeks without fructose ingestion (FR). Results. Fructose ingestion reduced food intake to compensate for the increased energy obtained through water ingestion, independent of fructose concentration. Fish oil supplementation exerted no impact on these parameters, but the removal of fructose from water recovered both ingestion behaviors. Plasma triacylglycerol augmented significantly during the second and third weeks (both fructose groups). Fish oil supplementation did not attenuate the elevation in triacylglycerol caused by fructose intake, but the interruption of sugar consumption normalized this parameter. Conclusion. Elevation in triacylglyceridemia may be recovered by removing fructose from diet, suggesting that it is never too late to repair improper dietary habits.
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Bargut TCL, Santos LP, Machado DGL, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) vs. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): Effects in epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fructose diet. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 123:14-24. [PMID: 28838556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to be beneficial for many diseases, including those associated with the metabolic syndrome (e.g. insulin resistance and hypertension). Nevertheless, not only their actions are not entirely understood, but also their only effects were not yet elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of EPA and DHA, alone or in combination, on the epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism in mice fed a high-fructose diet. METHODS 3-mo-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fructose diet (HFru). After three weeks on the diets, the HFru group was subdivided into four new groups for another five weeks: HFru, HFru+EPA, HFru+DHA, and HFru-EPA+DHA (n=10/group). Besides evaluating biometric and metabolic parameters of the animals, we measured the adipocyte area and performed molecular analyses (inflammation and lipolysis) in the epididymal WAT. RESULTS The HFru group showed adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and uncontrolled lipolysis. The treated animals showed a reversion of adipocyte hypertrophy, inhibition of inflammation with activation of anti-inflammatory mediators, and regularization of lipolysis. Overall, the beneficial effects were more marked with DHA than EPA. CONCLUSION Although the whole-body metabolic effects were similar between EPA and DHA, DHA appeared to be the central actor in WAT metabolism, modulating pro and anti-inflammatory pathways and alleviating adipocytes abnormalities. Therefore, when considering fructose-induced adverse effects in WAT, the most prominent actions were observed with DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Basic Science Department, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Pereira Santos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Daiana Guimarães Lopes Machado
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Hepatic metabolic effects of Curcuma longa extract supplement in high-fructose and saturated fat fed rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5880. [PMID: 28724959 PMCID: PMC5517472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects of an oral supplementation with a Curcuma longa extract, at a dose nutritionally relevant with common human use, on hepatic metabolism in rats fed a high fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet was evaluated. High-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR and GC/MS in combination with multivariate analysis have been employed to characterize the NMR metabolite profiles and fatty acid composition of liver tissue respectively. The results showed a clear discrimination between HFS groups and controls involving metabolites such as glucose, glycogen, amino acids, acetate, choline, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and β-hydroxybutyrate as well as an increase of MUFAs and a decrease of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs. Although the administration of CL did not counteract deleterious effects of the HFS diet, some metabolites, namely some n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA, and betaine were found to increase significantly in liver samples from rats having received extract of curcuma compared to those fed the HFS diet alone. This result suggests that curcuminoids may affect the transmethylation pathway and/or osmotic regulation. CL extract supplementation in rats appears to increase some of the natural defences preventing the development of fatty liver by acting on the choline metabolism to increase fat export from the liver.
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Rivero-Gutiérrez B, Gámez-Belmonte R, Suárez MD, Lavín JL, Aransay AM, Olivares M, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F, Zarzuelo A. A synbiotic composed of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and FOS prevents the development of fatty acid liver and glycemic alterations in rats fed a high fructose diet associated with changes in the microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28463404 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a high fructose diet (HFD) on Sprague Dawley rats and the impact of a synbiotic composed of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and fructooligosaccharides. Feeding the HFD for 5 weeks resulted in liver steatosis and insulin resistance but not obesity. These changes were associated with increased production of short-chain fatty acids and increased Bacteroidetes in feces, with an augmented Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, among other changes in the microbiota. In addition, barrier function was weakened, with increased LPS plasma levels. These data are consistent with increased fructose availability in the distal gut due to saturation of absorptive mechanisms, leading to dysbiosis, endotoxemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Treatment with the synbiotic prevented some of the pathological effects, so that treated rats did not develop steatosis or systemic inflammation, while dysbiosis and barrier function were greatly ameliorated. In addition, the synbiotic had hypolipidemic effects. The synbiotic composed by L. fermentum CECT5716 and fructooligosaccharides has beneficial effects in a model of metabolic syndrome induced by a HFD, suggesting it might be clinically useful in this type of condition, particularly considering that high fructose intake has been related to metabolic syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Rivero-Gutiérrez
- Department of and Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of and Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Spain
| | - María Dolores Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II1, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II1, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, University of GRANADA, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of and Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Zarzuelo
- Department of and Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
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Eicosapentaenoic acid regulates brown adipose tissue metabolism in high-fat-fed mice and in clonal brown adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 39:101-109. [PMID: 27833050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure through its specialized thermogenic function. Therefore, BAT activation may help prevent and/or treat obesity. Interestingly, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) also has the ability to differentiate into brown-like adipocytes and may potentially contribute to increased thermogenesis. We have previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces high-fat (HF)-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Whether BAT mediates some of these beneficial effects of EPA has not been determined. We hypothesized that EPA activates BAT thermogenic program, contributing to its antiobesity effects. BAT and WAT were harvested from B6 male mice fed HF diets supplemented with or without EPA. HIB 1B clonal brown adipocytes treated with or without EPA were also used. Gene and protein expressions were measured in adipose tissues and H1B 1B cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Our results show that BAT from EPA-supplemented mice expressed significantly higher levels of thermogenic genes such as PRDM16 and PGC1α and higher levels of uncoupling protein 1 compared to HF-fed mice. By contrast, both WATs (subcutaneous and visceral) had undetectable levels of these markers with no up regulation by EPA. HIB 1B cells treated with EPA showed significantly higher mRNA expression of PGC1α and SIRT2. EPA treatment significantly increased maximum oxidative and peak glycolytic metabolism in H1B 1B cells. Our results demonstrate a novel and promising role for EPA in preventing obesity via activation of BAT, adding to its known beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.
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Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Lost in Translation? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060329. [PMID: 27258299 PMCID: PMC4924170 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been long studied for their therapeutic potential in the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis. Glaring discordance between observations in animal and human studies precludes, to date, any practical application of n-3 PUFA as nutritional therapeutics against insulin resistance in humans. Our objective in this review is to summarize current knowledge and provide an up-to-date commentary on the therapeutic value of EPA and DHA supplementation for improving insulin sensitivity in humans. We also sought to discuss potential mechanisms of n-3 PUFA action in target tissues, in specific skeletal muscle, based on our recent work, as well as in liver and adipose tissue. We conducted a literature search to include all preclinical and clinical studies performed within the last two years and to comment on representative studies published earlier. Recent studies support a growing consensus that there are beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on insulin sensitivity in rodents. Observational studies in humans are encouraging, however, the vast majority of human intervention studies fail to demonstrate the benefit of n-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes or insulin-resistant non-diabetic people. Nevertheless, there are still several unanswered questions regarding the potential impact of n-3 PUFA on metabolic function in humans.
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Zheng J, Peng C, Ai Y, Wang H, Xiao X, Li J. Docosahexaenoic Acid Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Involving ER Stress Response in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010055. [PMID: 26805874 PMCID: PMC4728666 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in fructose consumption is considered to be a risk factor for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in fructose-treated primary mouse hepatocytes, and the changes of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in response to DHA treatment. The hepatocytes were treated with fructose, DHA, fructose plus DHA, tunicamycin (TM) or fructose plus 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) for 24 h. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining. The mRNA expression levels and protein levels related to lipid metabolism and ER stress response were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Fructose treatment led to obvious TG accumulation in primary hepatocytes through increasing expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), two key enzymes in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. DHA ameliorates fructose-induced TG accumulation by upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1α) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). DHA treatment or pretreatment with the ER stress inhibitor PBA significantly decreased TG accumulation and reduced the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), total inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1α) and p-IRE1α. The present results suggest that DHA protects against high fructose-induced hepatocellular lipid accumulation. The current findings also suggest that alleviating the ER stress response seems to play a role in the prevention of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zheng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chuan Peng
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanbiao Ai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jibin Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Barbosa AM, Francisco PDC, Motta K, Chagas TR, Dos Santos C, Rafacho A, Nunes EA. Fish oil supplementation attenuates changes in plasma lipids caused by dexamethasone treatment in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:382-90. [PMID: 26939043 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that may alter glucose and lipid homeostasis when administered in high doses or for long periods of time. Omega-3 fatty acids, present in fish oil (FO), can be used as potential modulators of intermediary glucose and lipid metabolism. Herein, we evaluate the effects of FO supplementation (1 g·kg(-1) body weight (BW)) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg·kg(-1) BW) for 15 days. Adult male Wistar rats were distributed among 4 groups: control (saline, 1 mL·kg(-1) BW and mineral oil, 1 g·kg(-1) BW), DEX (dexamethasone and mineral oil), FO (fish oil and saline), and DFO (fish oil and dexamethasone). Dexamethasone and saline were administered intraperitoneally, and fish oil and mineral oil were administered by gavage. We evaluated functional and molecular parameters of lipid and glycemic profiles at 8 days and at the end of treatment. FO supplementation increased hepatic docosahexaenoic acid (DEX: 5.6% ± 0.7%; DFO: 10.5% ± 0.8%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (DEX: 0.3% ± 0.0%; DFO: 1.3% ± 0.1%) contents and attenuated the increase of plasma triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in DFO rats compared with DEX rats. These effects seem not to depend on hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrate 1, protein kinase B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. There was no effect of supplementation on body weight loss, fasting glycemia, and glucose tolerance in rats treated with dexamethasone. In conclusion, we show that FO supplementation for 15 days attenuates the dyslipidemia induced by dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Marreiro Barbosa
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,b Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Cássia Francisco
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Katia Motta
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Thayz Rodrigues Chagas
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Everson Araújo Nunes
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,b Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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