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Arndt H, Bachurski M, Yuanxiang P, Franke K, Wessjohann LA, Kreutz MR, Grochowska KM. A Screen of Plant-Based Natural Products Revealed That Quercetin Prevents Pyroglutamylated Amyloid-β (Aβ3(pE)-42) Uptake in Astrocytes As Well As Resulting Astrogliosis and Synaptic Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04509-6. [PMID: 39317890 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Two connected histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are chronic neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. The accumulation of the most prevalent posttranslationally modified form of Aβ1-42, pyroglutamylated amyloid-β (Aβ3(pE)-42) in astrocytes is directly linked to glial activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines that in turn contribute to early synaptic dysfunction in AD. At present, the mechanisms of Aβ3(pE)-42 uptake to astrocytes are unknown and pharmacological interventions that interfere with this process are not available. Here we developed a simple screening assay to identify substances from a plant extract library that prevent astroglial Aβ3(pE)-42 uptake. We first show that this approach yields valid and reproducible results. Second, we show endocytosis of Aβ3(pE)-42 oligomers by astrocytes and that quercetin, a plant flavonol, is effective to specifically block astrocytic buildup of oligomeric Aβ3(pE)-42. Importantly, quercetin does not induce a general impairment of endocytosis. However, it efficiently protects against early synaptic dysfunction following exogenous Aβ3(pE)-42 application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Arndt
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mark Bachurski
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06108, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institut Für Chemie, Chair of Natural Products Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto Von Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Katarzyna M Grochowska
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Makki BE, Rahman S. Alzheimer's Disease in Diabetic Patients: A Lipidomic Prospect. Neuroscience 2023; 530:79-94. [PMID: 37652288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been two of the most common chronic diseases affecting people worldwide. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a metabolic disease depicted by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic hyperglycemia while AD is a neurodegenerative disease marked by Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles aggregation, and tau phosphorylation. Various clinical, epidemiological, and lipidomics studies have linked those diseases claiming shared pathological pathways raising the assumption that diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing AD later in their lives. Insulin resistance is the tipping point beyond where advanced glycation end (AGE) products and free radicals are produced leading to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, different types of lipids are playing a crucial role in the development and the relationship between those diseases. Lipidomics, an analysis of lipid structure, formation, and interactions, evidently exhibits these lipid changes and their direct and indirect effect on Aβ synthesis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this review, we have discussed the pathophysiology of T2DM and AD, the interconnecting pathological pathways they share, and the lipidomics where different lipids such as cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sulfolipids contribute to the underlying features of both diseases. Understanding their role can be beneficial for diagnostic purposes or introducing new drugs to counter AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Rahman
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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3
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Coimbra JRM, Moreira PI, Santos AE, Salvador JAR. Therapeutic potential of glutaminyl cyclases: Current status and emerging trends. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103644. [PMID: 37244566 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) activity has been identified as a key effector in distinct biological processes. Human glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT) and glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like (QPCTL) are considered attractive therapeutic targets in many human disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, and a range of inflammatory conditions, as well as for cancer immunotherapy, because of their capacity to modulate cancer immune checkpoint proteins. In this review, we explore the biological functions and structures of QPCT/L enzymes and highlight their therapeutic relevance. We also summarize recent developments in the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting these enzymes, including an overview of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R M Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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4
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Chen D, Chen Q, Qin X, Tong P, Peng L, Zhang T, Xia C. Development and evolution of human glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors (QCIs): an alternative promising approach for disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1209863. [PMID: 37600512 PMCID: PMC10435661 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1209863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human glutaminyl cyclase (hQC) is drawing considerable attention and emerging as a potential druggable target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its close involvement in the pathology of AD via the post-translational pyroglutamate modification of amyloid-β. A recent phase 2a study has shown promising early evidence of efficacy for AD with a competitive benzimidazole-based QC inhibitor, PQ912, which also demonstrated favorable safety profiles. This finding has sparked new hope for the treatment of AD. In this review, we briefly summarize the discovery and evolution of hQC inhibitors, with a particular interest in classic Zinc binding group (ZBG)-containing chemicals reported in recent years. Additionally, we highlight several high-potency inhibitors and discuss new trends and challenges in the development of QC inhibitors as an alternative and promising disease-modifying therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qingxiu Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Peipei Tong
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liping Peng
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunli Xia
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
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5
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Griehl C, Schmid A, Wilhelm C. Meilensteine in der Algenbiotechnologie. BIOSPEKTRUM : ZEITSCHRIFT DER GESELLSCHAFT FUR BIOLOGISHE CHEMIE (GBCH) UND DER VEREINIGUNG FUR ALLGEMEINE UND ANGEWANDTE MIKROBIOLOGIE (VAAM) 2023; 29:306-309. [PMID: 37275943 PMCID: PMC10230451 DOI: 10.1007/s12268-023-1942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in algal biotechnology has identified new products based on their broad evolutionary origin. Novel metabolites were found for pharmacy, food industry, medicine e.g. tumor suppression and antibiotics. However, sustainable and economical algal production for crude oil replacement is limited by extremely low space time yields in photobioreactors. The consequences are a high energy burden for mass flow dependent processes and the need of space being in conflict with sustainable landscape management. New concepts using algae not as biomass producers but as living catalysts may open new options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Griehl
- Kompetenzzentrum Algenbiotechnologie, Hochschule Anhalt, Köthen, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solare Materialien, UFZ Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Institut für Biologie, Universität Leipzig, D-04318 Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, Deutschland
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6
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Singh U, Gandhi HA, Bhattacharya J, Tandon R, Tiwari GL, Tandon R. Cyanometabolites: molecules with immense antiviral potential. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:164. [PMID: 37012452 PMCID: PMC10069739 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyanometabolites are active compounds derived from cyanobacteria that include small low molecular weight peptides, oligosaccharides, lectins, phenols, fatty acids, and alkaloids. Some of these compounds may pose a threat to human and environment. However, majority of them are known to have various health benefits with antiviral properties against pathogenic viruses including Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Influenza A virus (IAV) etc. Cyanometabolites classified as lectins include scytovirin (SVN), Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAAH), cyanovirin-N (CV-N), Microcystis viridis lectin (MVL), and microvirin (MVN) also possess a potent antiviral activity against viral diseases with unique properties to recognize different viral epitopes. Studies showed that a small linear peptide, microginin FR1, isolated from a water bloom of Microcystis species, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), making it useful for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our review provides an overview of the antiviral properties of cyanobacteria from the late 90s till now and emphasizes the significance of their metabolites in combating viral diseases, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has received limited attention in previous publications. The enormous medicinal potential of cyanobacteria is also emphasized in this review, which justifies their use as a dietary supplement to fend off pandemics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Harsh A Gandhi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jaydeep Bhattacharya
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - G L Tiwari
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Richa Tandon
- Department of Botany, S. S. Khanna Girls Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211003, India.
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7
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Discovery of potent indazole-based human glutaminyl cyclase (QC) inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Khaligh SF, Asoodeh A. Recent advances in the bio-application of microalgae-derived biochemical metabolites and development trends of photobioreactor-based culture systems. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:260. [PMID: 36072963 PMCID: PMC9441132 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are microscopic algae in sizes ranging from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers. On average, half of the oxygen in the atmosphere is produced by the photosynthetic process of microalgae, so the role of these microorganisms in the life cycle of the planet is very significant. Pharmaceutical products derived from microalgae and commercial developments of a variety of supplements extracted from them originate from a variety of their specific secondary metabolites. Many of these microalgae are a reservoir of unique biological compounds including carotenoids, antioxidants, fatty acids, polysaccharides, enzymes, polymers, peptides, pigments, toxins and sterols with antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticoagulant, and anticancer properties. The present work begins with an introduction of the importance of microalgae in renewable fuels and biodiesel production, the development of healthy food industry, and the creation of optimal conditions for efficient biomass yield. This paper provides the latest research related to microalgae-derived substances in the field of improving drug delivery, immunomodulatory, and anticancer attributes. Also, the latest advances in algal biocompounds to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. In the subject of cultivation and growth of microalgae, the characteristics of different types of photobioreactors, especially their latest forms, are fully discussed along with their advantages and obstacles. Finally, the potential of microalgae biomass in biotechnological applications, biofuel production, as well as various biomass harvesting methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Peng W, Wang P, Xu X, Zhao C. Glutaminyl cyclases, the potential targets of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Natural Products from Plants and Algae for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050694. [PMID: 35625622 PMCID: PMC9139049 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and the most frequent, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), represent one of the most urgent medical needs worldwide. Despite a significantly developed understanding of disease development and pathology, treatments that stop AD progression are not yet available. The recent approval of sodium oligomannate (GV-971) for AD treatment in China emphasized the potential value of natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Many current clinical studies include the administration of a natural compound as a single and combination treatment. The most prominent mechanisms of action are anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, thus preserving cellular survival. Here, we review current natural products that are either approved or are in testing for a treatment of neurodegeneration in AD. In addition to the most important compounds of plant origin, we also put special emphasis on compounds from algae, given their neuroprotective activity and their underlying mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Toxins Produced by Marine Dinoflagellates: An Issue to Explore. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040253. [PMID: 35447926 PMCID: PMC9029327 DOI: 10.3390/md20040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examined the toxins naturally produced by marine dinoflagellates and their effects on increases in β-amyloid plaques along with tau protein hyperphosphorylation, both major drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This approach is in line with the demand for certain natural compounds, namely those produced by marine invertebrates that have the potential to be used in the treatment of AD. Current advances in AD treatment are discussed as well as the main factors that potentially affect the puzzling global AD pattern. This study focused on yessotoxins (YTXs), gymnodimine (GYM), spirolides (SPXs), and gambierol, all toxins that have been shown to reduce β-amyloid plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, thus preventing the neuronal or synaptic dysfunction that ultimately causes the cell death associated with AD (or other neurodegenerative diseases). Another group of toxins described, okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives, inhibit protein phosphatase activity, which facilitates the presence of phosphorylated tau proteins. A few studies have used OA to trigger AD in zebrafish, providing an opportunity to test in vivo the effectiveness of new drugs in treating or attenuating AD. Constraints on the production of marine toxins for use in these tests have been considered. Different lines of research are anticipated regarding the action of the two groups of toxins.
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12
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Tetrahydroimidazo[4,5- c]pyridine-Based Inhibitors of Porphyromonas gingivalis Glutaminyl Cyclase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121206. [PMID: 34959608 PMCID: PMC8709289 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe yet underestimated oral disease. Since it is linked to several systemic diseases, such as diabetes, artheriosclerosis, and even Alzheimer’s disease, growing interest in treating periodontitis has emerged recently. The major cause of periodontitis is a shift in the oral microbiome. A keystone pathogen that is associated with this shift is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Hence, targeting P. gingivalis came into focus of drug discovery for the development of novel antiinfective compounds. Among others, glutaminyl cyclases (QCs) of oral pathogens might be promising drug targets. Here, we report the discovery and structure–activity relationship of a novel class of P. gingivalis QC inhibitors according to a tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine scaffold. Some compounds exhibited activity in the lower nanomolar range and thus were further characterized with regard to their selectivity and toxicity.
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13
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Van Manh N, Hoang VH, Ngo VTH, Ann J, Jang TH, Ha JH, Song JY, Ha HJ, Kim H, Kim YH, Lee J, Lee J. Discovery of highly potent human glutaminyl cyclase (QC) inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer's agents by the combination of pharmacophore-based and structure-based design. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113819. [PMID: 34536669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of glutaminyl cyclase (QC) may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) by reducing the amount of the toxic pyroform of β-amyloid (AβΝ3pE) in the brains of AD patients. In this work, we identified potent QC inhibitors with subnanomolar IC50 values that were up to 290-fold higher than that of PQ912, which is currently being tested in Phase II clinical trials. Among the tested compounds, the cyclopentylmethyl derivative (214) exhibited the most potent in vitro activity (IC50 = 0.1 nM), while benzimidazole (227) showed the most promising in vivo efficacy, selectivity and druggable profile. 227 significantly reduced the concentration of pyroform Aβ and total Aβ in the brain of an AD animal model and improved the alternation behavior of mice during Y-maze tests. The crystal structure of human QC (hQC) in complex with 214 indicated tight binding at the active site, supporting that the specific inhibition of QC results in potent in vitro and in vivo activity. Considering the recent clinical success of donanemab, which targets AβΝ3pE, small molecule-based QC inhibitors may also provide potential therapeutic options for early-stage AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Manh
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Hai Hoang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Van T H Ngo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Graduate Department of Healthcare Science, Dainam University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Jang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Ha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Song
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Ha
- Medifron DBT, Seoul, 08502, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kim
- Medifron DBT, Seoul, 08502, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul, 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Xu C, Zou H, Yu X, Xie Y, Cai J, Shang Q, Ouyang N, Wang Y, Xu P, He Z, Wu H. Repurposing FDA-Approved Compounds for the Discovery of Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors as Drugs Against Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:877-881. [PMID: 33377311 PMCID: PMC8409088 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative causes of dementia, the pathology of which is still not much clear. It's challenging to discover the disease modifying agents for the prevention and treatment of AD over the years. Emerging evidence has been accumulated to reveal the crucial role of up-regulated glutaminyl cyclase (QC) in the initiation of AD. In the current study, the QC inhibitory potency of a library consisting of 1621 FDA-approved compounds was assessed. A total of 54 hits, 3.33 % of the pool, exhibited QC inhibitory activities. The Ki of the top 5 compounds with the highest QC inhibitory activities were measured. Among these selected hits, compounds affecting neuronal signaling pathways and other mechanisms were recognized. Moreover, several polyphenol derivatives with QC inhibitory activities were also identified. Frameworks and subsets contained in these hits were analyzed. Taken together, our results may contribute to the discovery and development of novel QC inhibitors as potential anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Haoman Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Yazhou Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiaxin Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Qi Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Na Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Yinan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Pan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Science CenterShenzhen University3688 Nanhai RoadShenzhen518055China
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15
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Phytoplankton of the Curonian Lagoon as a New Interesting Source for Bioactive Natural Products. Special Impact on Cyanobacterial Metabolites. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081139. [PMID: 34439804 PMCID: PMC8395022 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioprospecting of marine and brackish water systems has increased during the last decades. In this respect, microalgae, including cyanobacteria, and their metabolites are one of the most widely explored resources. Most of the bioactive compounds are isolated from ex situ cultures of microorganisms; however, analysis of field samples could also supply valuable information about the metabolic and biotechnological potential of microalgae communities. In this work, the activity of phytoplankton samples from the Curonian Lagoon was studied. The samples were active against antibiotic resistant clinical and environmental bacterial strains as well as against serine proteases and T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells. No significant effect was found on Daphnia magna. In addition, using LC-MS/MS, we documented the diversity of metabolites present in field samples. A list of 117 detected cyanopeptides was presented. Cyanopeptolins constituted the largest class of cyanopeptides. As complex bloom samples were analyzed, no link between the observed activity and a specific sample component can be established. However, the results of the study showed a biotechnological potential of natural products from the Curonian Lagoon.
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Hafez Ghoran S, Kijjoa A. Marine-Derived Compounds with Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:410. [PMID: 34436249 PMCID: PMC8399123 DOI: 10.3390/md19080410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and, eventually, the ability to perform simple tasks. As the aging population continues to increase exponentially, AD has become a big concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective compounds are in the spotlight, as a means to tackle this problem. On the other hand, since it is believed-in many cultures-that marine organisms in an individual diet cannot only improve brain functioning, but also slow down its dysfunction, many researchers have focused on identifying neuroprotective compounds from marine resources. The fact that the marine environment is a rich source of structurally unique and biologically and pharmacologically active compounds, with unprecedented mechanisms of action, marine macroorganisms, such as tunicates, corals, sponges, algae, as well as microorganisms, such as marine-derived bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, have been the target sources of these compounds. Therefore, this literature review summarizes and categorizes various classes of marine-derived compounds that are able to inhibit key enzymes involved in AD, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase (BACE-1), and different kinases, together with the related pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The compounds discussed herein are emerging as promising anti-AD activities for further in-depth in vitro and in vivo investigations, to gain more insight of their mechanisms of action and for the development of potential anti-AD drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Hafez Ghoran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan 439361-79142, Iran;
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 75919-94779, Iran
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Coimbra JRM, Salvador JAR. A patent review of glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors (2004-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:809-836. [PMID: 33896339 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1917549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) enzymes catalyze the post-translational processing of several substrates with N-terminal glutamine or glutamate to form pyroglutamate (pE) residue. In addition to physiological functions, emerging evidence demonstrates that human QCs play a part in pathological processes in diverse diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammatory and cancer diseases.Areas covered: In recent years, efforts to effectively develop QC small-molecule inhibitors have been made and different chemical classes have been disclosed. This review summarizes the patents/applications regarding QC inhibitors released from 2004 (first patent) to now. The patents are mostly described in terms of chemical structures, biochemical/pharmacological activities, and potential clinical applications.Expert opinion: For more than 15 years of research, the knowledge on the QC activity domain has considerably increased and therapeutic potential of QC inhibitors has been explored. An important number of studies and patents have been published to expand the use of QC inhibitors. QC enzymes are pharmacologically interesting targets to be used as an AD-modifying therapy, or for other QC-associated disorder. Distinct classes of chemical scaffolds and potential clinical uses have been claimed by various organizations. For the coming years, there is much to experience in the QC field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R M Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Xu C, Wang YN, Wu H. Glutaminyl Cyclase, Diseases, and Development of Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6549-6565. [PMID: 34000808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyroglutamate (pE) modification, catalyzed mainly by glutaminyl cyclase (QC), is prevalent throughout nature and is particularly important in mammals including humans for the maturation of hormones, peptides, and proteins. In humans, the upregulation of QC is involved in multiple diseases and conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, melanomas, thyroid carcinomas, accelerated atherosclerosis, septic arthritics, etc. This upregulation catalyzes the generation of modified mediators such as pE-amyloid beta (Aß) and pE-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) peptides. Not surprisingly, QC has emerged as a reasonable target for the development of therapeutics to combat these diseases and conditions. In this manuscript the deleterious effects of upregulated QC resulting in disease manifestation are reviewed, along with progress on the development of QC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Unlocking the Health Potential of Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094383. [PMID: 33922258 PMCID: PMC8122763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are known to produce a plethora of compounds derived from the primary and secondary metabolism. Different studies have shown that these compounds may have allelopathic, antimicrobial, and antipredator activities. In addition, in vitro and in vivo screenings have shown that several compounds have interesting bioactivities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial) for the possible prevention and treatment of human pathologies. Additionally, the enzymatic pathways responsible for the synthesis of these compounds, and the targets and mechanisms of their action have also been investigated for a few species. However, further research is necessary for their full exploitation and possible pharmaceutical and other industrial applications. Here, we review the current knowledge on the chemical characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action, and the enzymes involved in the synthesis of microalgal metabolites with potential benefits for human health.
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Fischer J, Treblin M, Sitz T, Rohn S. Development of a targeted HPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulfolipids from a cyanobacterium, selected leafy vegetables, and a microalgae species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1941-1954. [PMID: 33483837 PMCID: PMC7925498 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of macro- and microalgae, as well as cyanobacteria, becomes increasingly important for human nutrition, even in Western diets. Health effects, positive as well as negative, are believed to result mainly from minor components in the food. In macro- and microalgae as well as in certain cyanobacteria, one class of such minor compounds is sulfolipids, more precisely sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) derivatives. SQMGs and SQDGs consist of a diacylglycerol esterified with varying fatty acid combinations and a sulfoquinovose moiety. Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonated hexose analogous to D-glucose, but featuring a stable carbon-sulfur bond. With regard to their chemical structure, SQDGs can be distinguished according to their sn1- and sn2-bound fatty acids. Although there is great interest in SQDGs, because of their controversially discussed bioactivities, only a negligible number of comprehensive methods for identification and quantification has been published, so far. Within this work, a sample preparation including a quantitative isolation of SQDGs from selected raw materials, a clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of different, intact SQMGs and SQDGs were developed and validated. The applicability of the method was further demonstrated by comparing a prominent cyanobacterium (Arthrospira sp.) with a microalgae preparation (Chlorella vulgaris), and selected leafy vegetables (spinach, basil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Treblin
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sitz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute for Food and Environmental Research (ILU) e.V., Papendorfer Weg 3, 14806, Bad Belzig, Germany.
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Chemoplasticity of the polar lipid profile of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grown under heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Akbari V, Abedi M, Yegdaneh A. Bioassay-guided isolation of glycolipids from the seaweed Gracilaria corticata. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 15:473-480. [PMID: 33628289 PMCID: PMC7879787 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.297850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: In some countries, seaweeds are famous traditional food which contain different types of secondary metabolites. These marine organisms have several bioactive secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to perform bioassay-guided isolation of glycolipids from a Persian Gulf seaweed Gracilaria corticata J.Agardh. Experimental approach: G. corticata was collected from the Persian Gulf. The plant was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate solvent. The extract was partitioned by the Kupchan method to yield n-hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and water partitions. The most active partition found in the cytotoxicity assay was further fractionated using medium pressure liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods to yield two pure compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic activities of all fractions were also tested. Findings/Results: n-hexane and dichloromethane partitions exhibited higher and significant cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line with IC50s of 117.41 and 291.38 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of nine fractions of the n-hexane partition against HeLa and HUVEC cells were also ranging from 96.33 to 243.56 μg/mL and 85.38 to 290.5 μg/mL, respectively. Two sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerides were isolated and their structures were elucidated. Conclusion and implications: From the spectral characteristics, the isolated compound from the extract was confirmed to be α-D-glucopyranosyl-1,2-O-diacyl-glycerols with moderate cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahshid Abedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Afsaneh Yegdaneh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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23
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Feijão E, Franzitta M, Cabrita MT, Caçador I, Duarte B, Gameiro C, Matos AR. Marine heat waves alter gene expression of key enzymes of membrane and storage lipids metabolism in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:357-368. [PMID: 33002714 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, heat waves are getting more intense and frequent. Diatoms are a major group of microalgae at the base of the marine food webs and an important source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are transferred through the food web. The present study investigates the possible impacts of temperature increase on lipid classes and expression of genes encoding enzymes related to lipid metabolism in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The heat wave exposure caused an increase in the relative amounts of plastidial lipids such as the glycolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) in parallel with a decrease in the neutral lipid fraction, which includes triacylglycerols. In agreement, gene expression analyses revealed an up-regulation of a gene encoding one MGDG synthase and down-regulation of a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis. Our results show that heat waves not only negatively impact the abundance of unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3n-4) as observed by the decrease in their relative abundance in MGDG and neutral lipids, respectively, but also induce changes in the relative amounts of the diverse membrane lipids as well as the proportion of membrane/storage lipids. The expression study of key genes indicates that some of the aforementioned alterations are regulated at the transcription level whereas others appear to be post-transcriptional. The changes observed in plastidial lipids are related to negative impacts on the photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Feijão
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marco Franzitta
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos (CEG), Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (IGOT), Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Branca Edmée Marques, 1600-276, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Gameiro
- IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e Atmosfera, Div-RP - Divisão de Modelação e Gestão de Recursos de Pesca, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Michels B, Franke K, Weiglein A, Sultani H, Gerber B, Wessjohann LA. Rewarding compounds identified from the medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/16/jeb223982. [PMID: 32848044 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.223982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Preparations of Rhodiola rosea root are widely used in traditional medicine. They can increase life span in worms and flies, and have various effects related to nervous system function in different animal species and humans. However, which of the compounds in R. rosea is mediating any one of these effects has remained unknown in most cases. Here, an analysis of the volatile and non-volatile low-molecular-weight constituents of R. rosea root samples was accompanied by an investigation of their behavioral impact on Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Rhodiola rosea root samples have an attractive smell and taste to the larvae, and exert a rewarding effect. This rewarding effect was also observed for R. rosea root extracts, and did not require activity of dopamine neurons that mediate known rewards such as sugar. Based on the chemical profiles of R. rosea root extracts and resultant fractions, a bioactivity-correlation analysis (AcorA) was performed to identify candidate rewarding compounds. This suggested positive correlations for - among related compounds - ferulic acid eicosyl ester (FAE-20) and β-sitosterol glucoside. A validation using these as pure compounds confirmed that the correlations were causal. Their rewarding effects can be observed even at low micromolar concentrations and thus at remarkably lower doses than for any known taste reward in the larva. We discuss whether similar rewarding effects, should they be observed in humans, would indicate a habit-forming or addictive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Michels
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Department Genetics of Learning and Memory, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Aliće Weiglein
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Department Genetics of Learning and Memory, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Haider Sultani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bertram Gerber
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Department Genetics of Learning and Memory, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany .,Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Biology, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Maghembe R, Damian D, Makaranga A, Nyandoro SS, Lyantagaye SL, Kusari S, Hatti-Kaul R. Omics for Bioprospecting and Drug Discovery from Bacteria and Microalgae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050229. [PMID: 32375367 PMCID: PMC7277505 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Omics" represent a combinatorial approach to high-throughput analysis of biological entities for various purposes. It broadly encompasses genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. Bacteria and microalgae exhibit a wide range of genetic, biochemical and concomitantly, physiological variations owing to their exposure to biotic and abiotic dynamics in their ecosystem conditions. Consequently, optimal conditions for adequate growth and production of useful bacterial or microalgal metabolites are critically unpredictable. Traditional methods employ microbe isolation and 'blind'-culture optimization with numerous chemical analyses making the bioprospecting process laborious, strenuous, and costly. Advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have offered a platform for the pan-genomic analysis of microbes from community and strain downstream to the gene level. Changing conditions in nature or laboratory accompany epigenetic modulation, variation in gene expression, and subsequent biochemical profiles defining an organism's inherent metabolic repertoire. Proteome and metabolome analysis could further our understanding of the molecular and biochemical attributes of the microbes under research. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have employed omics as a robust, broad-spectrum approach for screening bacteria and microalgae to exploit their potential as sources of drug leads by focusing on their genomes, secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway genes, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. We also highlight how recent studies have combined molecular biology with analytical chemistry methods, which further underscore the need for advances in bioinformatics and chemoinformatics as vital instruments in the discovery of novel bacterial and microalgal strains as well as new drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Maghembe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 25179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; (R.M.); (D.D.); (S.L.L.)
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Marian University College, P.O. Box 47, Bagamoyo, Tanzania;
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Donath Damian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 25179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; (R.M.); (D.D.); (S.L.L.)
| | - Abdalah Makaranga
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Marian University College, P.O. Box 47, Bagamoyo, Tanzania;
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Omics of Algae Group, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Stephen Samwel Nyandoro
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
| | - Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 25179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; (R.M.); (D.D.); (S.L.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 608, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.H.-K.); Tel.: +49-2317554086 (S.K.); +46-462224840 (R.H.-K.)
| | - Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.H.-K.); Tel.: +49-2317554086 (S.K.); +46-462224840 (R.H.-K.)
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26
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Riccio G, De Luca D, Lauritano C. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and Sulfolipid Synthesis in Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050237. [PMID: 32370033 PMCID: PMC7281551 DOI: 10.3390/md18050237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, due to their huge taxonomic and metabolic diversity, have been shown to be a valuable and eco-friendly source of bioactive natural products. The increasing number of genomic and transcriptomic data will give a great boost for the study of metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. In this study, we analyzed the presence of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG). Both compounds have important biological properties. MGDGs present both anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities while SQDGs present immunostimulatory activities and inhibit the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase, which is involved in Alzheimer’s disease. The Ocean Global Atlas (OGA) database and the Marine Microbial Eukaryotic Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) were used to search MGDG synthase (MGD), UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase (SQD1), and sulfoquinovosyltransferase (SQD2) sequences along microalgal taxa. In silico 3D prediction analyses for the three enzymes were performed by Phyre2 server, while binding site predictions were performed by the COACH server. The analyzed enzymes are distributed across different taxa, which confirms the importance for microalgae of these two pathways for thylakoid physiology. MGD genes have been found across almost all analyzed taxa and can be separated in two different groups, similarly to terrestrial plant MGD. SQD1 and SQD2 genes are widely distributed along the analyzed taxa in a similar way to MGD genes with some exceptions. For Pinguiophyceae, Raphidophyceae, and Synurophyceae, only sequences coding for MGDG were found. On the contrary, sequences assigned to Ciliophora and Eustigmatophyceae were exclusively corresponding to SQD1 and SQD2. This study reports, for the first time, the presence/absence of these enzymes in available microalgal transcriptomes, which gives new insights on microalgal physiology and possible biotechnological applications for the production of bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa, CAP80135 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5833-221
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27
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Riccio G, Lauritano C. Microalgae with Immunomodulatory Activities. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E2. [PMID: 31861368 PMCID: PMC7024220 DOI: 10.3390/md18010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms adapted to live in very different environments and showing an enormous biochemical and genetic diversity, thus representing an excellent source of new natural products with possible applications in several biotechnological sectors. Microalgae-derived compounds have shown several properties, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. In the last decade, compounds stimulating the immune system, both innate immune response and adaptive immune response, have been used to prevent and fight various pathologies, including cancer (cancer immunotherapy). In this review we report the microalgae that have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties, the cells and the cellular mediators involved in the mechanisms of action and the experimental models used to test immunostimulatory activities. We also report information on fractions or pure compounds from microalgae identified as having immunostimulatory activity. Given the increasing interest in microalgae as new eco-friendly source of bioactive compounds, we also discuss their possible role as source of new classes of promising drugs to treat human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy
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Abstract
A diverse range of N-terminally truncated and modified forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have been discovered in Alzheimer’s disease brains, including the pyroglutamate-Aβ (AβpE3). AβpE3 species are shown to be more neurotoxic when compared with the full-length Aβ peptide. Findings visibly suggest that glutaminyl cyclase (QC) catalyzed the generation of cerebral AβpE3, and therapeutic effects are achieved by reducing its activity. In recent years, efforts to effectively develop QC inhibitors have been pursued worldwide. The inhibitory activity of current QC inhibitors is mainly triggered by zinc-binding groups that coordinate Zn2+ ion in the active site and other common features. Herein, we summarized the current state of discovery and evolution of QC inhibitors as a potential Alzheimer’s disease-modifying strategy.
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Wang K, Sun W, Zhang L, Guo W, Xu J, Liu S, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Oleanolic Acid Ameliorates Aβ25-35 Injection-induced Memory Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats by Maintaining Synaptic Plasticity. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 17:389-399. [PMID: 29793416 PMCID: PMC6327117 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180525113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and deposition in the hippocampus is an essential process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To investigate whether Oleanolic acid (OA) could improve memory deficit in AD model and its possible mechanism. Methods: Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, and OA group. AD models by injection of Aβ25-35 were built. Morris water maze (MWM) was applied to inves-tigate learning and memory, transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the ultrastructure of synapse, western blot to the proteins, electrophysiology for long-term potentiation (LTP), and Ca2+ con-centration in synapse was also measured. Results: The latency time in model group was significantly longer than that in sham operation group (P=0.0001); while it was significantly shorter in the OA group than that in model group (P=0.0001); compared with model group, the times of cross-platform in OA group significantly increased (P=0.0001). TEM results showed OA could alleviate neuron damage and synapses changes induced by Aβ25-35. The expressions of CaMKII, PKC, NMDAR2B, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB protein were signif-icantly improved by OA (P=0.0001, 0.036, 0.041, 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.026, respectively) compared with that in model group; the concentration of Ca2+ was significantly lower in OA group (1.11±0.42) than that in model group (1.68±0.18); and the slope rate (P=0.0001) and amplitude (P=0.0001) of f-EPSP significantly increased in OA group. Conclusion: The present results support that OA could ameliorate Aβ-induced memory loss of AD rats by maintaining synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Jiachun Xu
- Graduate Institutes, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300150, China
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Wang X, Wang L, Yu X, Li Y, Liu Z, Zou Y, Zheng Y, He Z, Wu H. Glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in both AD and LPS-induced inflammatory model mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Xu A, He F, Yu C, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Lv J, Zhang X, Ran Y, Wei C, Wu J. The Development of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glutaminyl Cyclase and Isoglutaminyl Cyclase for Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Xu
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Feng He
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Ying Qu
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Qiuqiong Zhang
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Xiangna Zhang
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Yingying Ran
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Chao Wei
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
| | - Jingde Wu
- College of PharmacyShanDong University, 4 4 West WenHua Road JiNan 250012 China
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Vijayan DK, Zhang KY. Human glutaminyl cyclase: Structure, function, inhibitors and involvement in Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hoang VH, Ngo VTH, Cui M, Manh NV, Tran PT, Ann J, Ha HJ, Kim H, Choi K, Kim YH, Chang H, Macalino SJY, Lee J, Choi S, Lee J. Discovery of Conformationally Restricted Human Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors as Potent Anti-Alzheimer's Agents by Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8011-8027. [PMID: 31411468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative disease whose pathogenesis cannot be defined by one single element but consists of various factors; thus, there is a call for alternative approaches to tackle the multifaceted aspects of AD. Among the potential alternative targets, we aim to focus on glutaminyl cyclase (QC), which reduces the toxic pyroform of β-amyloid in the brains of AD patients. On the basis of a putative active conformation of the prototype inhibitor 1, a series of N-substituted thiourea, urea, and α-substituted amide derivatives were developed. The structure-activity relationship analyses indicated that conformationally restrained inhibitors demonstrated much improved QC inhibition in vitro compared to nonrestricted analogues, and several selected compounds demonstrated desirable therapeutic activity in an AD mouse model. The conformational analysis of a representative inhibitor indicated that the inhibitor appeared to maintain the Z-E conformation at the active site, as it is critical for its potent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hai Hoang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Van T H Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Pharmacy , Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City 75307 , Vietnam
| | - Minghua Cui
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Van Manh
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong-Thao Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Hanoi University of Pharmacy , Hanoi 10000 , Vietnam
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Ha
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349 , Danwon-Gu, Ansan-City , Gyeonggi-Do 15426 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kim
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349 , Danwon-Gu, Ansan-City , Gyeonggi-Do 15426 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Choi
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349 , Danwon-Gu, Ansan-City , Gyeonggi-Do 15426 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Medifron DBT , Sandanro 349 , Danwon-Gu, Ansan-City , Gyeonggi-Do 15426 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Chang
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Stephani Joy Y Macalino
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science , Sungshin University , Seoul 01133 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Enrichment procedure based on graphitized carbon black and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for elucidating sulfolipids composition of microalgae. Talanta 2019; 205:120162. [PMID: 31450465 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have recently become a popular functional food due to their health benefits. Sulfolipids, a class of substances abundant in this matrix, have been reported to have interesting bioactivities, such as anti-carcinogenic activity. However, despite the potential interest in sulfolipids, a dedicated analytical method for their characterization is currently lacking but would significantly increase the coverage of sulfolipids with respect to the direct lipidomic analysis. To achieve this goal, in this work a procedure, based on graphitized carbon black solid phase extraction, was developed for clean-up and enrichment of sulfolipids (sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols and sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols) and it was applied to spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) microalgae. A careful study of the solid phase extraction conditions was performed, first to maximize the recovery of reference standards, then to increase the total number of identified sulfolipids from the spirulina lipid extract. All samples were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry and lipids were tentatively identified by Lipostar, for a reliable lipid structure assignment. The developed method was compared to the direct lipidomic analysis without enrichment, to establish the enrichment efficiency in terms of number of identifications. From the comparison, the enrichment procedure proved better and allowed the tentative identification of 199 sulfolipids, which is the largest number reported so far for the Arthrospira platensis species. The described method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of quantitation and detection for two sulfolipids. Finally, a relative lipid quantitation based on peak area was carried out on the microalgae sample, which indicated nine abundant sulfolipids as representing ca. 60% of sulfolipids in spirulina microalgae.
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Dias IHK, Ferreira R, Gruber F, Vitorino R, Rivas-Urbina A, Sanchez-Quesada JL, Vieira Silva J, Fardilha M, de Freitas V, Reis A. Sulfate-based lipids: Analysis of healthy human fluids and cell extracts. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 221:53-64. [PMID: 30910732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate-based lipids (SL) have been proposed as players in inflammation, immunity and infection. In spite of the many biochemical processes linked to SL, analysis on this class of lipids has only focused on specific SL sub-classes in individual fluids or cells leaving a range of additional SL in other biological samples unaccounted for. This study describes the mass spectrometry screening of SL in lipid extracts of human fluids (saliva, plasma, urine, seminal fluid) and primary human cells (RBC, neutrophils, fibroblasts and skin epidermal) using targeted precursor ion scanning (PIS) approach. The PIS 97 mass spectra reveal a wide diversity of SL including steroid sulfates, sulfoglycolipids and other unidentified SL, as well as metabolites such as taurines, sulfated polyphenols and hypurate conjugates. Semi-quantification of SL revealed that plasma exhibited the highest content of SL whereas seminal fluid and epithelial cells contained the highest sulphur to phosphorous (S/P) ratio. The complexity of biofluids and cells sulfateome presented in this study highlight the importance of expanding the panel of synthetic sulfate-based lipid standards. Also, the heterogenous distribution of SL provides evidence for the interplay of sulfotransferases/sulfatases, opening new avenues for biomarker discovery in oral health, cardiovascular, fertility and dermatology research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Departamento de Quimica, Research Unit of Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agro-alimentares (QOPNA), Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Florian Gruber
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrea Rivas-Urbina
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Ma Claret, 167, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Ma Claret, 167, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Vieira Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Reproductive Genetics & Embryo-fetal Development Group, Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Sun ZG, Yang YA, Zhang ZG, Zhu HL. Optimization techniques for novel c-Met kinase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 14:59-69. [PMID: 30518273 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1551355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Bender P, Egger A, Westermann M, Taudte N, Sculean A, Potempa J, Möller B, Buchholz M, Eick S. Expression of human and Porphyromonas gingivalis glutaminyl cyclases in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis-A pilot study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:223-230. [PMID: 30399509 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human glutaminyl cyclases (QC and isoQC) play an important role in maintaining inflammatory conditions. Meanwhile a glutaminyl cyclase synthesized by Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgQC), a key pathogen in developing periodontitis and a potential link of periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was discovered. This study was aimed to determine the expression of QC, isoQC and PgQC in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and RA. DESIGN Thirty volunteers were enrolled in a pilot study and divided into 3 groups (healthy, CP and RA individuals). Blood samples, biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were analysed for mRNA expression of QC, isoQC and P. gingivalis QC. Major bacteria being associated with periodontal disease were quantified in subgingival biofilm and protein levels for monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3 and interleukin (IL)-1β) were determined in the GCF. Expression of PgQC on the mRNA and protein levels was assessed in two P. gingivalis strains. RESULTS PgQC is expressed in P. gingivalis strains and the protein seems to be located mainly in peri-plasmatic space. mRNA expression of QC was significantly increased in the peripheral blood from RA patients vs. healthy subjects and CP patients (p = 0.013 and p = 0.003, respectively). In GCF of RA patients, QC mRNA was detected more frequently than in healthy controls (p = 0.043). In these samples IL-1β levels were also elevated compared to GCF from periodontally healthy individuals (p = 0.003). PgQC was detected in eight out of the 13 P. gingivalis positive biofilm samples. CONCLUSION Activity of QC may play a supportive role in maintaining chronic periodontal inflammation and destruction in RA. PgQC is expressed in vivo but further research is needed to evaluate biological importance of this enzyme and if it constitutes a potential target in periodontal antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bender
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egger
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Taudte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, USA
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Michels B, Zwaka H, Bartels R, Lushchak O, Franke K, Endres T, Fendt M, Song I, Bakr M, Budragchaa T, Westermann B, Mishra D, Eschbach C, Schreyer S, Lingnau A, Vahl C, Hilker M, Menzel R, Kähne T, Leßmann V, Dityatev A, Wessjohann L, Gerber B. Memory enhancement by ferulic acid ester across species. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat6994. [PMID: 30417089 PMCID: PMC6224069 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments can be devastating for quality of life, and thus, preventing or counteracting them is of great value. To this end, the present study exploits the potential of the plant Rhodiola rosea and identifies the constituent ferulic acid eicosyl ester [icosyl-(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enoate (FAE-20)] as a memory enhancer. We show that food supplementation with dried root material from R. rosea dose-dependently improves odor-taste reward associative memory scores in larval Drosophila and prevents the age-related decline of this appetitive memory in adult flies. Task-relevant sensorimotor faculties remain unaltered. From a parallel approach, a list of candidate compounds has been derived, including R. rosea-derived FAE-20. Here, we show that both R. rosea-derived FAE-20 and synthetic FAE-20 are effective as memory enhancers in larval Drosophila. Synthetic FAE-20 also partially compensates for age-related memory decline in adult flies, as well as genetically induced early-onset loss of memory function in young flies. Furthermore, it increases excitability in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons, leads to more stable context-shock aversive associative memory in young adult (3-month-old) mice, and increases memory scores in old (>2-year-old) mice. Given these effects, and given the utility of R. rosea-the plant from which we discovered FAE-20-as a memory enhancer, these results may hold potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Michels
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department Genetics of Learning and Memory, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Zwaka
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department Genetics of Learning and Memory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Bartels
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Precarpathian National University, Department of Biochemistry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Katrin Franke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Endres
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fendt
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Inseon Song
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - May Bakr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tuvshinjargal Budragchaa
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dushyant Mishra
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter Am Hubland, Department of Genetics and Neurobiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claire Eschbach
- University of Würzburg, Biocenter Am Hubland, Department of Genetics and Neurobiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Annika Lingnau
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Vahl
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marike Hilker
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Free University Berlin, Institute of Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bertram Gerber
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department Genetics of Learning and Memory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Biology, Magdeburg, Germany
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Structure-activity relationship investigation of Phe-Arg mimetic region of human glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3133-3144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kurt O, Özdal-Kurt F, Akçora CM, Özkut M, Tuğlu MI. Neurotoxic, cytotoxic, apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of some marine algae extracts on the NA2B cell line. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:59-69. [PMID: 29388476 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1381992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to cancer pathologies and to apoptosis. Marine algae exhibit cytotoxic, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects; their metabolites have been used to treat many types of cancer. We investigated in culture extracts of Petalonia fascia, Jania longifurca and Halimeda tuna to determine their effects on mouse neuroblastoma cell line, NA2B. NA2B cells were treated with algae extracts, and the survival and proliferation of NA2B cells were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of algae extracts on oxidative stress in NA2B cells also were investigated using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and apoptosis was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. We observed significant neurite inhibition with moderate damage by the neurotoxicity-screening test (NST) at IC50 dilutions of the extracts. MTT demonstrated that J. longifurca extracts were more toxic than P. fascia and H. tuna extracts. We found an increase of endothelial and inducible NOS immunostaining for oxidative stress and TUNEL analysis revealed increased apoptosis after application of extract. Our findings suggest that the algae we tested may have potential use for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kurt
- a Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Department of Biology , Manisa Celal Bayar University , Yunusemre/Manisa , Turkey
| | - F Özdal-Kurt
- a Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Department of Biology , Manisa Celal Bayar University , Yunusemre/Manisa , Turkey
- b Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Stem Cell Center , College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside , Riverside , CA
| | - C M Akçora
- a Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Department of Biology , Manisa Celal Bayar University , Yunusemre/Manisa , Turkey
| | - M Özkut
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Manisa Celal Bayar University , Yunusemre/Manisa , Turkey
| | - M I Tuğlu
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Manisa Celal Bayar University , Yunusemre/Manisa , Turkey
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Abstract
Covering: 2016. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2017, 34, 235-294This review covers the literature published in 2016 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 757 citations (643 for the period January to December 2016) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1277 in 432 papers for 2016), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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5-Hydroxycyclopenicillone Inhibits β-Amyloid Oligomerization and Produces Anti-β-Amyloid Neuroprotective Effects In Vitro. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101651. [PMID: 28974023 PMCID: PMC6151400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligomer of β-amyloid (Aβ) is considered the main neurotoxin in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, the inhibition of the formation of Aβ oligomer could be a target for AD therapy. In this study, with the help of the dot blotting assay and transmission electronic microscopy, it was have discovered that 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone, a cyclopentenone recently isolated from a sponge-associated fungus, effectively reduced the formation of Aβ oligomer from Aβ peptide in vitro. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested hydrophobic interactions between 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone and Aβ peptide, which might prevent the conformational transition and oligomerization of Aβ peptide. Moreover, Aβ oligomer pre-incubated with 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone was less toxic when added to neuronal SH-SY5Y cells compared to the normal Aβ oligomer. Although 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone is not bioavailable in the brain in its current form, further modification or encapsulation of this chemical might improve the penetration of 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone into the brain. Based on the current findings and the anti-oxidative stress properties of 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone, it is suggested that 5-hydroxycyclopenicillone may have potential therapeutic efficacy in treating AD.
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Farag MA, Fekry MI, Al-Hammady MA, Khalil MN, El-Seedi HR, Meyer A, Porzel A, Westphal H, Wessjohann LA. Cytotoxic Effects of Sarcophyton sp. Soft Corals-Is There a Correlation to Their NMR Fingerprints? Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E211. [PMID: 28677625 PMCID: PMC5532653 DOI: 10.3390/md15070211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcophyton sp. soft corals are rich in cembranoid diterpenes, which represent the main chemical defense of corals against their natural predators in addition to their myriad biological effects in humans. Quantitative NMR (qNMR) was applied for assessing the diterpene variation in 16 soft coral specimens in the context of their genotype, origin, and growing habitat. qNMR revealed high diterpene levels in Sarcophyton sp. compared to Sinularia and Lobophyton, with (ent)sarcophines as major components (17-100 µg/mg) of the coral tissues. Multivariate data analysis was employed to classify samples based on the quantified level of diterpenes, and compared to the untargeted NMR approach. Results revealed that qNMR provided a stronger classification model of Sarcophyton sp. than untargeted NMR fingerprinting. Additionally, cytotoxicity of soft coral crude extracts was assessed against androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) and androgen-independent colon cancer cell lines (HT-29), with IC50 values ranging from 10-60 µg/mL. No obvious correlation between the extracts' IC50 values and their diterpene levels was found using either Spearman or Pearson correlations. This suggests that this type of bioactivity may not be easily predicted by NMR metabolomics in soft corals, or is not strongly correlated to measured diterpene levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa I Fekry
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Montasser A Al-Hammady
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea Branch, 84511 Hurghada, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed N Khalil
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
| | - Achim Meyer
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheit Str.6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Hildegard Westphal
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheit Str.6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030480. [PMID: 28335462 PMCID: PMC6155420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research is geared towards the discovery of new compounds with strong neuroprotective potential and few or no side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This review focuses on the potentials of extracts and biologically active compounds derived from microalgal biomass for the treatment and management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microalgal research has gained much attention recently due to its contribution to the production of renewable fuels and the ability of alga cells to produce several secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polysaccharides. These compounds exhibit several pharmacological activities and possess neuroprotective potential. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex mechanisms that are associated with oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuronal damage, protein misfolding and aggregation. The antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities as well as the inhibitory effects of some bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts on β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal death are discussed extensively. Phytochemical compounds from microalgae are used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and food supplements, and may possess neuroprotective potentials that are relevant to the management and/or treatment of AD.
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