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Hoang TV, Alfarraj S, Ali Alharbi S. An investigation on antimicrobial and anticancer competence of macro red algae under in-vitro condition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119026. [PMID: 38677407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to look into the proximate parameters (moisture, ash, total fat, protein, and total carbohydrate), mineral composition (Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn), antimicrobial as well as cytotoxic (anticancer) properties of extracts from the marine red macro algae Gracilaria corticata, Chondrus ocellatus, and Posphyra perforata against a few prevalent microbial pathogens (Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetani, and Treponema pallidum as well as fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Cryptococcus neoformans) and two cancerous cell lines (HeLa and MCF7). The dry biomass of these red algae biomass contains considerable valuable proximate parameters and minerals. The diffusion technique on agar wells was used to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of these test red algae methanol and hexane extract; MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the methanol and hexane extracts on each cancer cell line. The methanol extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against most of the tested pathogenic organisms. Mortality of cells was effectively caused by methanol extract and it followed by hexane extract at increased dosage 10 mg mL-1. The MTT assay revealed that the methanol extract of the red algae was considerably cytotoxic to HeLa and MCF7 cells, accompanied by the hexane extract in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the methanol extract of these red algae may contain bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and anticancer properties, which could be studied for future use in the discovery of new drugs from marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Van Hoang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Ahmad R, Lee CH, Kim S, Lee SH. RSM- and ANN-Based Multifrequency Ultrasonic Extraction of Polyphenol-Rich Sargassum horneri Extracts Exerting Antioxidative Activity via the Regulation of MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Machinery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:690. [PMID: 38929129 PMCID: PMC11200430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (SH) is widely consumed as a healthy seaweed food in the Asia-Pacific region. However, the bioactive components contributing to its biological activity remain unknown. Herein, we optimized multifrequency ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions to achieve higher antioxidant activity using a response surface methodology and an artificial neural network. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS; negative mode) was used to tentatively identify the secondary metabolites in the optimized SH extract, which were further tested against oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the identified compounds were analyzed in silico to determine their binding energies with the Keap1 protein (4L7B). We identified 89 compounds using HRMS, among which 19 metabolites (8 polyphenolics, 2 flavonoids, 2 lignans, 2 terpenes, 2 tannins, 2 sulfolipids, and 1 phospholipid) were putatively reported for the first time in SH. The in vitro results revealed that optimized SH extract inhibited oxidative stress via the Nrf2/MAPKs/HO-1 pathway in a dose-dependent manner. This result was validated by performing in silico simulation, indicating that sargaquinoic acid and glycitein-7-O-glucuronide had the highest binding energies (-9.20 and -9.52 Kcal/mol, respectively) toward Keap1 (4L7B). This study offers a unique approach for the scientific community to identify potential bioactive compounds by optimizing the multivariant extraction processing conditions, which could be used to develop functional and nutraceutical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Raees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Center, Green Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (M.B.A.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Silva M, Avni D, Varela J, Barreira L. The Ocean's Pharmacy: Health Discoveries in Marine Algae. Molecules 2024; 29:1900. [PMID: 38675719 PMCID: PMC11055030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global health challenge, constituting a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the 21st century. Addressing the prevention and management of NCDs is crucial for improving global public health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies, early interventions, and innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate their far-reaching consequences. Marine organisms, mainly algae, produce diverse marine natural products with significant therapeutic potential. Harnessing the largely untapped potential of algae could revolutionize drug development and contribute to combating NCDs, marking a crucial step toward natural and targeted therapeutic approaches. This review examines bioactive extracts, compounds, and commercial products derived from macro- and microalgae, exploring their protective properties against oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic diseases, and cancer across in vitro, cell-based, in vivo, and clinical studies. Most research focuses on macroalgae, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, gut health modulation, metabolic health promotion, and anti-cancer effects. Microalgae products also exhibit anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Although studies mainly investigated extracts and fractions, isolated compounds from algae have also been explored. Notably, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids, and terpenes emerge as prominent compounds, collectively representing 42.4% of the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Silva
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Dorit Avni
- MIGAL Galilee Institute, Kiryat Shmona 1106000, Israel;
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.V.)
- Green Colab—Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Belesov AV, Lvova DA, Falev DI, Pikovskoi II, Faleva AV, Ul’yanovskii NV, Ladesov AV, Kosyakov DS. Fractionation of Arctic Brown Algae ( Fucus vesiculosus) Biomass Using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2023; 28:7596. [PMID: 38005319 PMCID: PMC10673400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctic brown algae are considered a promising industrial-scale source of bioactive sub-stances as polysaccharides, polyphenols, and low-molecular secondary metabolites. Conventional technologies for their processing are focused mainly on the isolation of polysaccharides and involve the use of hazardous solvents. In the present study a "green" approach to the fractionation of brown algae biomass based on the dissolution in ionic liquids (ILs) with 1-butil-3-methylimidazolium (bmim) cation with further sequential precipitation of polysaccharides and polyphenols with acetone and water, respectively, is proposed. The effects of IL cation nature, temperature, and treatment duration on the dissolution of bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus), yields of the fractions, and their chemical composition were studied involving FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as size-exclusion chromatography and monosaccharide analysis. It was shown that the use of bmim acetate ensures almost complete dissolution of plant material after 24 h treatment at 150 °C and separate isolation of the polysaccharide mixture (alginates, cellulose, and fucoidan) and polyphenols (phlorotannins) with the yields of ~40 and ~10%, respectively. The near-quantitative extraction of polyphenolic fraction with the weight-average molecular mass of 10-20 kDa can be achieved even under mild conditions (80-100 °C). Efficient isolation of polysaccharides requires harsh conditions. Higher temperatures contribute to an increase in fucoidan content in the polysaccharide fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom V. Belesov
- Laboratory of Natural Compound Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (I.I.P.); (A.V.F.); (N.V.U.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Natural Compound Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (D.A.L.); (I.I.P.); (A.V.F.); (N.V.U.)
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Radman S, Čagalj M, Šimat V, Jerković I. Seasonal Monitoring of Volatiles and Antioxidant Activity of Brown Alga Cladostephus spongiosus. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:415. [PMID: 37504946 PMCID: PMC10381622 DOI: 10.3390/md21070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cladostephus spongiosus was harvested once a month during its growing season (from May to August) from the Adriatic Sea. Algal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) and analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of air drying and growing season on VOCs were determined. Two different extraction methods (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)) were used to obtain ethanolic extracts of C. spongiosus. In addition, the seasonal antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined, and non-volatile compounds were identified from the most potent antioxidant extract. Aliphatic compounds (e.g., pentadecane) were predominantly found by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Hydrocarbons were more than twice as abundant in the dry samples (except in May). Aliphatic alcohols (e.g., hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, and oct-1-en-3-ol) were present in high percentages and were more abundant in the fresh samples. Hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, and tridecanal were also found. Aliphatic ketones (octan-3-one, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, and (E,Z)-octa-3,5-dien-2-one) were more abundant in the fresh samples. Benzene derivatives (e.g., benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde) were dominant in the fresh samples from May and August. (E)-Verbenol and p-cymen-8-ol were the most abundant in dry samples in May. HD revealed aliphatic compounds (e.g., heptadecane, pentadecanal, (E)-heptadec-8-ene, (Z)-heptadec-3-ene), sesquiterpenes (germacrene D, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, gleenol), diterpenes (phytol, pachydictyol A, (E)-geranyl geraniol, cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol), and others. Among them, terpenes were the most abundant (except for July). Seasonal variations in the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts were evaluated via different assays. MAE extracts showed higher peroxyl radical inhibition activity from 55.1 to 74.2 µM TE (Trolox equivalents). The highest reducing activity (293.8 µM TE) was observed for the May sample. Therefore, the May MAE extract was analysed via high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry and electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). In total, 17 fatty acid derivatives, 9 pigments and derivatives, and 2 steroid derivatives were found. The highest content of pheophorbide a and fucoxanthin, as well as the presence of other pigment derivatives, could be related to the observed antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Radman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Čagalj
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (V.Š.)
| | - Vida Šimat
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, R. Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Č.); (V.Š.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Tienda-Vazquez MA, Soto-Castro RD, Carrasco-Morales O, Téllez-Pérez C, Parra-Saldívar R, Alonzo-Macías M, Cardador-Martínez A. Effect of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Capacity of Green Lentils ( Lens culinaris). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104119. [PMID: 37241860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) is one of the emerging technologies in food processing; it can be used for drying, freezing and the extraction of bioactive molecules without damaging their properties. Legumes, such as lentils, are one of the most consumed foods in the world; however, they are mainly cooked by boiling, which causes the loss of antioxidant compounds. This work evaluated the effect of 13 different DIC treatments (with pressure ranges of 0.1-0.7 MPa and times of 30-240 s) on the content of polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu and High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC) and flavonoids (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate) as well as the antioxidant activity (DPPH and TEAC) of green lentils. The DIC 11 treatment (0.1 MPa, 135 s) obtained the best release of polyphenols, which in turn are related to antioxidant capacity. The abiotic stress generated by DIC could lead to the breakdown of the cell wall structure, which favors the availability of antioxidant compounds. Finally, the most efficient conditions for DIC to promote the release of phenolic compounds and maintain antioxidant capacity were found under low pressures (<0.1 MPa) and short times (<160 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Adrian Tienda-Vazquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia FEMSA, School of Engineering and Sciences, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rocío Daniela Soto-Castro
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia FEMSA, School of Engineering and Sciences, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oscar Carrasco-Morales
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carmen Téllez-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
- Laboratory of Engineering Science for Environment LaSIE-UMR-CNRS 7356, Eco-Intensification of Agro-Industrial Eco-Processes, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnologia FEMSA, School of Engineering and Sciences, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Maritza Alonzo-Macías
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Anaberta Cardador-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
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Javed A, Alam MB, Naznin M, Shafique I, Kim S, Lee SH. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023. [PMID: 37183174 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein. METHODOLOGY RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software. RESULTS Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol-A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin-whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Marufa Naznin
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Imran Shafique
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectroscopy Converging Research Centre, Green Nano Materials Research Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Centre, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Faleva AV, Ul'yanovskii NV, Onuchina AA, Falev DI, Kosyakov DS. Comprehensive Characterization of Secondary Metabolites in Fruits and Leaves of Cloudberry ( Rubus chamaemorus L.). Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050598. [PMID: 37233639 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) is a circumpolar boreal plant rich in bioactive compounds and is widely used in food and in folk medicine. In this study, a combination of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the comprehensive characterization of secondary metabolites in cloudberry lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts. Special attention was paid to the leaf extractives, which are highly enriched in polyphenolic compounds, the content of which reaches 19% in the extract (in gallic acid equivalent). The chemical composition of the polyphenolic fraction is represented mainly by the glycosylated derivatives of flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic (primarily caffeic), gallic (including the structure of galloyl ascorbate) and ellagic acids, catechin, and procyanidins. The contents of aglycones in the polyphenolic fraction were 64 and 100 mg g-1 for flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, respectively, while the content of free caffeic acid was 1.2 mg g-1. This determines the exceptionally high antioxidant activity of this fraction (750 mg g-1 in gallic acid equivalent) and the ability to scavenge superoxide anion radicals, which is 60% higher than that of Trolox. The lower polar fractions consist mainly of glycolipids, which include polyunsaturated linolenic acid (18:3), pentacyclic triterpenic acids, carotenoid lutein, and chlorophyll derivatives, among which pheophytin a dominates. Along with the availability, the high antioxidant and biological activities of cloudberry leaf extracts make them a promising source of food additives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Faleva
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Ul'yanovskii
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Onuchina
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Danil I Falev
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Core Facility Center "Arktika", Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Martić A, Čižmek L, Ul’yanovskii NV, Paradžik T, Perković L, Matijević G, Vujović T, Baković M, Babić S, Kosyakov DS, Trebše P, Čož-Rakovac R. Intra-Species Variations of Bioactive Compounds of Two Dictyota Species from the Adriatic Sea: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Dermatological, Dietary, and Neuroprotective Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040857. [PMID: 37107232 PMCID: PMC10134986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine environment has a significant impact on life on Earth. Organisms residing in it are vital for the ecosystem but also serve as an inexhaustible source of biologically active compounds. Herein, the biodiversity of two brown seaweeds, Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyota fasciola from the Adriatic Sea, was evaluated. The aim of the study was the determination of differences in compound composition while comparing their activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition, in connection to human digestion, dermatology, and neurological disorders. Chemical analysis revealed several terpenoids and steroids as dominant molecules, while fucoxanthin was the main identified pigment in both algae. D. dichotoma had higher protein, carbohydrate, and pigment content. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were identified, with the highest amount of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid in D. dichotoma. Antimicrobial testing revealed a dose-dependent inhibitory activity of methanolic fraction against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moderate antioxidant activity was observed for both algae fractions, while the dietary potential was high, especially for the D. fasciola dichloromethane fraction, with inhibition percentages of around 92% for α-amylase and 57% for pancreatic lipase at 0.25 mg/mL. These results suggest that Dictyota species might be a potent source of naturally derived agents for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Čižmek
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Tina Paradžik
- Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Crystallography, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Perković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gabrijela Matijević
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Vujović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Baković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Natural Compounds Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Silva A, Cassani L, Grosso C, Garcia-Oliveira P, Morais SL, Echave J, Carpena M, Xiao J, Barroso MF, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Recent advances in biological properties of brown algae-derived compounds for nutraceutical applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1283-1311. [PMID: 36037006 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for nutraceuticals in the circular economy era has driven the research toward studying bioactive compounds from renewable underexploited resources. In this regard, the exploration of brown algae has shown significant growth and maintains a great promise for the future. One possible explanation could be that brown algae are rich sources of nutritional compounds (polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, proteins, minerals, and vitamins) and unique metabolic compounds (phlorotannins, fucoxanthin, fucoidan) with promising biological activities that make them good candidates for nutraceutical applications with increased value-added. In this review, a deep description of bioactive compounds from brown algae is presented. In addition, recent advances in biological activities ascribed to these compounds through in vitro and in vivo assays are pointed out. Delivery strategies to overcome some drawbacks related to the direct application of algae-derived compounds (low solubility, thermal instability, bioavailability, unpleasant organoleptic properties) are also reviewed. Finally, current commercial and legal statuses of ingredients from brown algae are presented, considering future therapeutical and market perspectives as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Silva
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Stephanie L Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Fatima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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11
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Vladić J, Jerković I, Radman S, Molnar Jazić J, Ferreira A, Maletić S, Gouveia L. Supercritical CO 2 Extract from Microalga Tetradesmus obliquus: The Effect of High-Pressure Pre-Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123883. [PMID: 35745004 PMCID: PMC9231020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure pre-treatment followed by supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction (300 bar, 40 °C) was applied for the attainment of the lipophilic fraction of microalga Tetradesmus obliquus. The chemical profile of supercritical extracts of T. obliquus was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Moreover, the impact of ScCO2 on the microbiological and metal profile of the biomass was monitored. The application of the pre-treatment increased the extraction yield approximately three-fold compared to the control. In the obtained extracts (control and pre-treated extracts), the identified components belonged to triacylglyceroles, fatty acid derivatives, diacylglycerophosphocholines and diacylglycerophosphoserines, pigments, terpenes, and steroids. Triacylglycerols (65%) were the most dominant group of compounds in the control extract. The pre-treatment decreased the percentage of triacylglycerols to 2%, while the abundance of fatty acid derivatives was significantly increased (82%). In addition, the pre-treatment led to an increase in the percentages of carotenoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Furthermore, it was determined that ScCO2 extraction reduced the number of microorganisms in the biomass. Considering its microbiological and metal profiles, the biomass after ScCO2 can potentially be used as a safe and important source of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vladić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; or
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (I.J.); (L.G.)
| | - Sanja Radman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Molnar Jazić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Alice Ferreira
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, Paço Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Snežana Maletić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Luisa Gouveia
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, Paço Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal;
- GreenCoLab—Green Ocean Technologies and Products Collaborative Laboratory, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.J.); (L.G.)
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12
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In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060743. [PMID: 35745662 PMCID: PMC9229249 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research is a comprehensive investigation of Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) regarding volatilome-volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mostly nonpolar compounds) and less polar nonvolatile compounds for the first time. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were used showing the great volatilome variability among fresh (HS-FrDV and HD-FrDV) and dried (HS-DrDV and HD-DrDV) samples after GC-MS analysis. Aromatic aldehydes were dominant in both fresh and air-dried HS samples with benzaldehyde as the most abundant in fresh samples and decreasing 2.7-3.7 times after drying together with 2-phenylbut-2-enal that was not present after drying. Aliphatic compounds (unsaturated hydrocarbons in HS-FrDV; saturated hydrocarbons in HS-DrDV) were also present. C11-hydrocarbons (dictyopterpene C' and dictyopterpene D') were detected in HS-FrDV. (E)-Phytol was the most dominant compound in HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV. Diterpene alcohols (cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol and (Z)-falcarinol) and sesquiterpene alcohol, cubenol, were dominant in HD-FrDV, and their abundance decreased after drying. C13-norisoprenoides (α-ionone and β-ionone) increased after drying. Aliphatic compounds were present in both HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV samples. The less polar nonvolatile compounds in the obtained fractions F3 and F4 were analysed and identified by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS. Identified compounds belonged to a group of pigments (7 compounds), fatty acid derivatives (13 compounds), as well as steroids and terpenes (10 compounds). Porphyrin-based compounds (C55H74N4O5-7), xanthophylls, sphingolipid compounds, fatty acid amides, and phytosterols represented the majority of identified compounds. By implementing both in vitro and in vivo assays for antioxidant activity determination, F3 showed a higher activity than F4. Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for F3 and F4 were 498.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 798.00 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while a 1.5-fold reduction in the ROS level was observed after pre-treatment of zebrafish larvae with 45 µg/mL of F3.
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13
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Cikoš AM, Šubarić D, Roje M, Babić J, Jerković I, Jokić S. Recent advances on macroalgal pigments and their biological activities (2016–2021). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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14
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Bio-Based Products from Mediterranean Seaweeds: Italian Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable Blue Economy. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are attracting increasing attention as an alternative healthy food and renewable drugs source and as agents of climate change mitigation that provide essential ecosystem services. In this context, seaweeds represent marine resources capable of supporting and pursuing the objectives of the Sustainable Blue Economy and the Bio-Based Circular Economy. In this review, we analyze the state of seaweed bio-based products and research on the Mediterranean Sea from the last 20 years. Results of this analysis show a large number of investigations focusing on antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to on biofuels and bioplastics. Attempts at seaweed farming, although generally very limited, are present in Israel and some North African countries. Lastly, we focus on the Italian situation—including research, companies and legislation on seaweed production—and we discuss gaps, perspectives and challenges for the potential development of a sustainable seaweed industry according to the Sustainable Blue Economy.
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15
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Contribution to the chemodiversity of ex Cystoseira sp. - Gongolaria barbata and Ericaria crinita from the Adriatic Sea: Volatiles, fatty acids and major pigments. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Perković L, Djedović E, Vujović T, Baković M, Paradžik T, Čož-Rakovac R. Biotechnological Enhancement of Probiotics through Co-Cultivation with Algae: Future or a Trend? Mar Drugs 2022; 20:142. [PMID: 35200671 PMCID: PMC8880515 DOI: 10.3390/md20020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of algal species is a rich source of many different bioactive metabolites. The compounds extracted from algal biomass have various beneficial effects on health. Recently, co-culture systems between microalgae and bacteria have emerged as an interesting solution that can reduce the high contamination risk associated with axenic cultures and, consequently, increase biomass yield and synthesis of active compounds. Probiotic microorganisms also have numerous positive effects on various aspects of health and represent potent co-culture partners. Most studies consider algae as prebiotics that serve as enhancers of probiotics performance. However, the extreme diversity of algal organisms and their ability to produce a plethora of metabolites are leading to new experimental designs in which these organisms are cultivated together to derive maximum benefit from their synergistic interactions. The future success of these studies depends on the precise experimental design of these complex systems. In the last decade, the development of high-throughput approaches has enabled a deeper understanding of global changes in response to interspecies interactions. Several studies have shown that the addition of algae, along with probiotics, can influence the microbiota, and improve gut health and overall yield in fish, shrimp, and mussels aquaculture. In the future, such findings can be further explored and implemented for use as dietary supplements for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Perković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Elvis Djedović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Tamara Vujović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Marija Baković
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Tina Paradžik
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.P.); (E.D.); (T.V.); (M.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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17
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Variations in the Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Cystoseira compressa during Seasonal Growth. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010064. [PMID: 35049919 PMCID: PMC8779577 DOI: 10.3390/md20010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The underexplored biodiversity of seaweeds has recently drawn great attention from researchers to find the bioactive compounds that might contribute to the growth of the blue economy. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of seasonal growth (from May to September) on the in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC) and antimicrobial effects (MIC and MBC) of Cystoseira compressa collected in the Central Adriatic Sea. Algal compounds were analyzed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF, and TPC and TTC were determined. Fatty acids, among which oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the dominant compounds in samples. The highest TPC, TTC and FRAP were obtained for June extract, 83.4 ± 4.0 mg GAE/g, 8.8 ± 0.8 mg CE/g and 2.7 ± 0.1 mM TE, respectively. The highest ORAC value of 72.1 ± 1.2 µM TE was obtained for the August samples, and all samples showed extremely high free radical scavenging activity and DPPH inhibition (>80%). The MIC and MBC results showed the best antibacterial activity for the June, July and August samples, when sea temperature was the highest, against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results show C. compressa as a potential species for the industrial production of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.
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18
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Radman S, Čižmek L, Babić S, Cikoš AM, Čož-Rakovac R, Jokić S, Jerković I. Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:57. [PMID: 35049912 PMCID: PMC8781977 DOI: 10.3390/md20010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of freeze-dried E. crinita (FdEc) and E. amentacea (FdEa) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). The major identified compounds were: amides of higher aliphatic acids (palmitoleamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, oleamide and erucamide) and related compounds, carotenoid (fucoxanthin), chlorophyll derivatives (pheophytin a and b and their derivatives) and higher terpenes (loliolide, isoamijiol with its oxidation product), β-stigmasterol and (3β,6α)-14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-diene-3,6-diol). The toxic effects observed on the less-polar fractions obtained from Ericaria species on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos could be associated with the high abundance of all five detected amides. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated by means of five independent assays, including the reduction of the radical cation (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu method. A higher antioxidant activity of E. amentacea in comparison to that of the E. crinita fractions was found with IC50 concentrations of 0.072 and 1.177 mg/mL, respectively. The correlation between the activity and the chemical composition revealed that the synergistic effect of different compounds impacted their antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Radman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Lara Čižmek
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.Č.); (S.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.Č.); (S.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Ana-Marija Cikoš
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.Č.); (S.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Stela Jokić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Comparison of Volatile Organic Compounds of Sideritis romana L. and Sideritis montana L. from Croatia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195968. [PMID: 34641513 PMCID: PMC8512722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A study on the headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of native populations of Sideritis romana L. and Sidertis montana L., Lamiaceae, from Croatia is reported herein, to elucidate the phytochemical composition of taxa from this plant genus, well-known for traditional use in countries of the Mediterranean and the Balkan region. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), using divinylbenzene/carboxene/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) or polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber, coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the dried aerial parts of six native populations in total. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the volatile constituents with an average relative percentage ≥1.0% in at least one of the samples. Clear separation between the two species was obtained using both fiber types. The VOCs profile for all investigated populations was characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons, except for one population of S. romana, in which monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the VOCs composition of natural populations of S. romana and S. montana from Croatia as well as the first reported HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of S. romana and S. montana worldwide.
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Less Polar Compounds and Targeted Antioxidant Potential (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Codium adhaerens C. Agardh 1822. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090944. [PMID: 34577644 PMCID: PMC8470845 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Codium adhaerens from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) was comprehensively investigated regarding less polar compounds for the first time. Although there are several phytochemical studies on C. adhaerens from other regions, this is the first report on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fresh (FrCa) and air-dried (DrCa) samples. The novelty is also related to its targeted antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo. The main aims were to: (a) identify and compare VOCs of FrCa and DrCa obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD); (b) determine fatty acid (FA) composition of freeze-dried sample (FdCa); (c) determine the composition of less polar fractions of FdCa by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS); and (d) comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant activity of the fractions by four in vitro assays and in vivo zebrafish model (including embryotoxicity). Significant changes of VOCs were found after air drying. ω6 FAs were present in higher content than ω3 FAs indicating C. adhaerens as a good source of dietary polyunsaturated FAs. The results obtained in vivo correlate well with in vitro methods and both fractions exerted similar antioxidative responses which is in agreement with the high abundance of present biomolecules with known antioxidant properties (e.g., fucoxanthin, pheophytin a, and pheophorbide a). These results suggest that C. adhaerens might be a potent source of natural antioxidants that could be further used in the research of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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