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Haag FB, Resende E Silva DT, Antunes CS, Waclawovsky G, Lucchese-Lobato F. Effects of circuit training and Yoga on biochemical and psychological responses to stress and cardiovascular markers: A randomized clinical trial with nursing and medical students in Southern Brazil. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107110. [PMID: 38954979 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A Randomized Controlled Trial involving 158 Brazilian medical and nursing students assessed one of three conditions over an 8-week period: 1) a circuit training protocol (CTG); 2) a yoga protocol (YG); or 3) no intervention (CG). The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of circuit training and yoga protocols in reducing perceived mental stress and examining their effects on serum cortisol levels, as well as on traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), during an academic semester. Mental stress was measured using self-reported stress questionnaires. For the CTG, comparisons of pre- vs. post-intervention data indicated a reduction in self-reported stress levels on a Brazilian scale (p < 0.001) and an international scale (p < 0.05). Regarding CRFs, there was a reduction in waist circumference (WC) (p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.05), and heart rate (HR) (p < 0.001). No changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.211) and serum cortisol (SC) (p = 0.423). In the YG, pre- vs. post-intervention data indicated a reduction in self-reported stress levels on the ISSL (p < 0.001), in both resistance and exhaustion stress levels on the PSS scale (p < 0.001), and in SC levels (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.05), and SBP (p < 0.05); however, HR and DBP did not change (p = 0.168 and p = 0.07, respectively) in this group. No changes were noted in any measures in the CG. The intervention protocols demonstrated that both CTG and YG can positively impact mental or biochemical stress responses, as well as CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Brum Haag
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Tavares Resende E Silva
- Department of Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lucchese-Lobato
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Santo Antônio Children's Hospital, Sr. Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Brazil, New York, NY, USA.
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Vage A, Spence AD, Gormley GJ, McKeown G, Murphy P, Hamilton PK. Untapped resource: the simulation-based healthcare environment as a means to study human stress. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2024; 92:157-166. [PMID: 38292502 PMCID: PMC10824135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The effects of 'stress' within the healthcare professions are wide-reaching, not least of all within the field of simulation-based healthcare education. Whilst this popular method of experiential learning offers a 'safe space' for participants to develop their skillset, it also has a more surreptitious action; namely, the incubation of simulation-related stress. Currently, research concerning the complex relationship between stress, learning, and performance is ambiguous, leaving fertile ground for simulationists to debate what level of stress is appropriate for an optimised educational experience. In this narrative review, we examine the human response to stress and outline the various methods that have been used by researchers to measure stress in a quantifiable and standardised way. We then provide a brief overview of simulation-based healthcare education before describing why stress responses have been of interest to healthcare educationalists for some time. Finally, we outline how simulation education environments might provide an ideal environment for studying the human response to stress generally, with ramifications extending beyond the field of medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Vage
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL
| | - Andrew D Spence
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL
| | - Gerard J Gormley
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL
| | - Gary McKeown
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN
| | - Paul Murphy
- School of Arts, English and Languages, Queen’s University Belfast, University Square, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - Paul K Hamilton
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL
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3
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Kraemer RR, Kraemer BR. The effects of peripheral hormone responses to exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202349. [PMID: 38084331 PMCID: PMC10710532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a considerable amount of new data have revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and the maintenance or improvement of cognitive function. Investigations with animal models, as well as human studies, have yielded novel understanding of the mechanisms through which endocrine signaling can stimulate neurogenesis, as well as the effects of exercise on acute and/or chronic levels of these circulating hormones. Considering the effects of aging on the decline of specific endocrine factors that affect brain health, insights in this area of research are particularly important. In this review, we discuss how different forms of exercise influence the peripheral production of specific endocrine factors, with particular emphasis on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin, estrogen, testosterone, irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, and cortisol. We also describe mechanisms through which these endocrine responses to exercise induce cellular changes that increase hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States
| | - Bradley R. Kraemer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
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Molina-Hidalgo C, Stillman CM, Collins AM, Velazquez-Diaz D, Ripperger HS, Drake JA, Gianaros PJ, Marsland AL, Erickson KI. Changes in stress pathways as a possible mechanism of aerobic exercise training on brain health: a scoping review of existing studies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1273981. [PMID: 37885801 PMCID: PMC10598664 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1273981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) in the form of aerobic exercise (AE) preserves and improves neurocognitive function across the lifespan. However, a mechanistic understanding of the pathways by which aerobic exercise impacts brain health is still lacking, particularly with respect to stress-related pathways. One mechanistic hypothesis is that AE improves neurocognitive health in part by modifying circulating levels of stress-related hormones and signaling factors associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS), as commonly measured by the biomarkers cortisol (CORT) and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Thus, this hypothesis predicts that changes in stress biomarkers, such as CORT and sAA, are possible explanatory pathways mediating the positive effects of AE on neurocognitive health. In the present review article, we provide a summary of available studies examining the possibility that exercise-induced changes to stress biomarkers could partly account for exercise-related improvements in neurocognitive health. Our review indicates that despite the intuitive appeal of this hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence available to conclude that chronic and habitual AE affects neurocognitive health by altering stress biomarker pathways. The cross-sectional nature of the majority of reviewed studies highlights the need for well-controlled studies to adequately test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea M. Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Audrey M. Collins
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Velazquez-Diaz
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Hayley S. Ripperger
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jermon A. Drake
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Honceriu C, Roca M, Costache AD, Abălașei B, Popescu L, Puni AR, Maștaleru A, Oancea A, Drugescu A, Adam C, Mitu O, Costache II, Leon MM, Roca IC, Mocanu V, Mitu F. Blood and Salivary Cortisol Variations in Athletes in Relation to Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1726. [PMID: 37893444 PMCID: PMC10608692 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cortisol is a valuable marker for assessing the body's response to any form of stress. We conducted this study in order to evaluate the variations of salivary and serum cortisol levels in professional football players in relation to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and their significance in potentially evaluating overtraining in athletes. Also, the question of whether salivary cortisol determination could fully substitute serum sampling was addressed. Materials and Methods: A total of 19 male professional football players were evaluated by measuring serum cortisol levels at rest (T0) and immediately after a CPET (T1) and salivary cortisol levels at rest (T0), 10 min after a CPET (T2), and 30 min after a CPET (T3). Results: T0 serum cortisol showed a statistically significant correlation with the oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold divided by the body weight (VO2-AT/weight), as did the T2 salivary cortisol with the maximum oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (VO2-AT) and VO2-AT/weight. T0 salivary cortisol was significantly correlated with the subjects' height and the predicted O2 pulse. Conclusions: While some correlations were discovered, they are insufficient to recommend cortisol as a routine biomarker in athletes' evaluation. However, significant correlations were established between salivary and serum determinations, meaning that the non-invasive procedure could substitute venous blood sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Honceriu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru-Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.H.); (B.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Mihai Roca
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Beatrice Abălașei
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru-Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.H.); (B.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Lucian Popescu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru-Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.H.); (B.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Alexandru Rareș Puni
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Human Motricity Science, “Alexandru-Ioan Cuza” University, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andra Oancea
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Drugescu
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Adam
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iulia Cristina Roca
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
- Surgery II Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Morpho-Functional Sciences II Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Mitu
- Medical I Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (A.O.); (A.D.); (O.M.); (I.-I.C.); (M.M.L.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 927180 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Enichen E, Adams RB, Demmig-Adams B. Physical Activity as an Adjunct Treatment for People Living with HIV? Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:502-517. [PMID: 37426740 PMCID: PMC10328202 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221078222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates physical activity as a candidate for an adjunct treatment, in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy (ART), for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence is summarized that chronic, non-resolving inflammation (a principal feature of immune system dysfunction) and a dysfunctional state of the gut environment are key factors in HIV infection that persist despite treatment with ART. In addition, evidence is summarized that regular physical activity may restore normal function of both the immune system and the gut environment and may thereby ameliorate symptoms and non-resolving inflammation-associated comorbidities that burden PLWH. Physicians who care for PLWH could thus consider incorporating physical activity into treatment plans to complement ART. It is also discussed that different types of physical activity can have different effects on the gut environment and immune function, and that future research should establish more specific criteria for the design of exercise regimens tailored to PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Enichen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
| | - Robert B. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
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Bidirectional Daily Associations Between Accelerometer-Measured Sleep and Physical Activity in Brazilian High School Students. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2023; 35:8-14. [PMID: 35613847 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed day-to-day estimates of bidirectional associations between sleep parameters and intensity-specific physical activity and assessed whether the timing of physical activity influences these relationships. METHODS The sample was comprised of 651 high school students (51.2% female, 16.33 [1.0] y old) from southern Brazil. Physical activity and sleep were measured using accelerometers. Multilevel models were applied to test associations of nocturnal total sleep time, onset, and efficiency with moderate to vigorous and light (LPA) physical activity. RESULTS Higher engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA was associated with increased total sleep time, and this effect was greater when physical activity was performed in the morning. Morning and evening LPA were associated with increased sleep efficiency and reduced total sleep time, respectively. Practice of LPA in the morning leads to early sleep onset, whereas evening LPA was associated with later onset. Higher total sleep time and later sleep onset were associated with lower moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA on the following day. However, higher sleep efficiency was associated with increased LPA. CONCLUSION The relationship between sleep parameters and physical activity is bidirectional and dependent on physical activity intensity and timing.
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Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Social Behavior in Rats Exposed to Thimerosal with Respect to the Hippocampal Level of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1345-1357. [PMID: 35597884 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THIM) kills brain neurons via induction of apoptosis and necrosis and induces the pathological features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in rats. THIM also affects the function of glutamatergic receptors. On the other hand, exercise induces both improvement and impairment effects on memory, depending on intensity, type, and duration. Treadmill exercise can also alter the expression of glutamatergic receptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of THIM and three protocols of treadmill exercise on social interaction memory and hippocampal expression of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B in rats. THIM was injected intramuscularly at the dose of 300 µg/kg. The three-chamber apparatus was used to evaluate social interaction memory, and western blotting was used to assess protein expression. The results showed that THIM impaired social memory. Exercise 1 impaired social affiliation in controls. Social memory was impaired in all exercise groups of controls. Exercise 1 + 2 impaired social affiliation in THIM rats. Social memory was impaired in all groups of THIM rats. Exercises 2 and 1 + 2 decreased the expression of GluN1, and exercise 1 increased the expression of GluN2A and GluN2B in controls. THIM increased the expression of GluN2B, while exercise 1 reversed this effect. All exercise protocols increased the expression of GluN2A, and exercises 2 and 1 + 2 increased the expression of GluN1 in THIM rats. In conclusion, both THIM and exercise impaired social memory. Of note, the results did not show a separate and influential role for glutamatergic subunits in modulating memory processes following THIM injection or exercise.
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Ebrahimnejad M, Azizi P, Alipour V, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Complicated Role of Exercise in Modulating Memory: A Discussion of the Mechanisms Involved. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1477-1490. [PMID: 35195832 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has shown the beneficial effects of exercise on learning and memory. However, many studies have reported controversial results, indicating that exercise can impair learning and memory. In this article, we aimed to review basic studies reporting inconsistent complicated effects of exercise on memory in rodents. Also, we discussed the mechanisms involved in the effects of exercise on memory processes. In addition, we tried to find scientific answers to justify the inconsistent results. In this article, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (involved in synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis), and vascular endothelial growth factor, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory markers, apoptotic factors, and antioxidant system was discussed in the modulation of exercise effects on memory. The role of intensity and duration of exercise, and type of memory task was also investigated. We also mentioned to the interaction of exercise with the function of neurotransmitter systems, which complicates the prediction of exercise effect via altering the level of BDNF. Eventually, we suggested that changes in the function of neurotransmitter systems following different types of exercise (depending on exercise intensity or age of onset) should be investigated in further studies. It seems that exercise-induced changes in the function of neurotransmitter systems may have a stronger role than age, type of memory task, or exercise intensity in modulating memory. Importantly, high levels of interactions between neurotransmitter systems and BDNF play a critical role in the modulation of exercise effects on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Azizi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Alipour
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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ZHANG M, XING L, WANG Y, LUO R, LI X, DONG J. Anti-fatigue activities of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.242703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijie XING
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Yuan WANG
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Ruifeng LUO
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Xianyi LI
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
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Chen JH, Shih HS, Tu J, Chiou JM, Chang SH, Hsu WL, Lai LC, Chen TF, Chen YC. A Longitudinal Study on the Association of Interrelated Factors Among Frailty Dimensions, Cognitive Domains, Cognitive Frailty, and All-Cause Mortality. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1795-1809. [PMID: 34719497 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive frailty integrating impaired cognitive domains and frailty dimensions has not been explored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore 1) associations among frailty dimensions and cognitive domains over time and 2) the extended definitions of cognitive frailty for predicting all-cause mortality. METHODS This four-year cohort study recruited 521 older adults at baseline (2011-2013). We utilized 1) generalized linear mixed models exploring associations of frailty dimensions (physical dimension: modified from Fried et al.; psychosocial dimension: integrating self-rated health, mood, and social relationship and support; global frailty: combining physical and psychosocial frailty) with cognition (global and domain-specific) over time and 2) time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models assessing associations between extended definitions of cognitive frailty (cognitive domains-frailty dimensions) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS At baseline, the prevalence was 3.0%for physical frailty and 37.6%for psychosocial frailty. Greater physical frailty was associated with poor global cognition (adjusted odds ratio = 1.43-3.29, β: -1.07), logical memory (β: -0.14 to -0.10), and executive function (β: -0.51 to -0.12). Greater psychosocial frailty was associated with poor global cognition (β: -0.44) and attention (β: -0.15 to -0.13). Three newly proposed definitions of cognitive frailty, "mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-psychosocial frailty," "MCI-global frailty," and "impaired verbal fluency-global frailty," outperformed traditional cognitive frailty for predicting all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.49, 6.83, 3.29 versus 4.87; AIC = 224.3, 221.8, 226.1 versus 228.1). CONCLUSION Notably, extended definitions of cognitive frailty proposed by this study better predict all-cause mortality in older adults than the traditional definition of cognitive frailty, highlighting the importance of psychosocial frailty to reduce mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hau Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-San Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Tu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeng-Min Chiou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Nankang District, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Features of physical activity and school anxiety in pupils of the secondary general education school and the cadet corps. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the high significance of school anxiety in the formation of psychosomatic diseases and nervous disorders. Identification of risk factors for increased anxiety, one of which is low physical activity, is important for the timely organizing of preventive measures.The aim: to assess the characteristics of physical activity and school anxiety among schoolboys of secondary school and the cadet corps.Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 47 schoolboys studying in a secondary general school at the age of 13–16; the comparison group consisted of 140 schoolboys of the cadet corps. The comparative assessment of physical activity bases on the analysis of the physical education implementation in educational organizations and the results of a survey according to the author’s questionnaire. A comparison was made of the parameters of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) of body composition, the content of cortisol and serotonin in the blood serum, and indicators of the Phillips school anxiety test.The results. Physical activity in the school system was limited to 3 hours per week, and in the additional education system there are only 14.9 % of schoolboys who devote 6–8 hours a week to sports, which is 3 times less than in the comparison group (46.4 %). Lower values of indicators of physical activity and body composition were found in secondary school boys relative to those in cadet corps (p = 0.015–0.038). The level of cortisol in the blood serum was 1.4 times higher, and the serotonin was 1.2 times less in schoolboys of the schools comparatively to cadets (p = 0.001–0.037). In secondary school schoolboys, relative to cadets, significantly 1.9–3.9 times more often increased values were recorded for the factor general anxiety at school, frustration of the need to achieve success, fear of self-expression, fear of the situation of testing knowledge, fear of not meeting the expectations of others, problems and fears in relations with teachers and general anxiety oppositely directed correlations of weak and moderate strength were established between the frequency and duration of physical education, BIA parameters, cortisol in the blood serum and factors of school anxiety.Conclusion. The values of the factors of school anxiety schoolboys of secondary general school are higher than in boys of the cadet corps and possibly they are associated with irregularity, relatively low duration of physical activity and the degree of development of metabolically active tissues.
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Molins F, Serrano MÁ, Alacreu-Crespo A. Early stages of the acute physical stress response increase loss aversion and learning on decision making: A Bayesian approach. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113459. [PMID: 33989652 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
When the cortisol peak is reached after a stressor people learn slower and make worse decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). However, the effects of the early stress response have not received as much attention. Since physical exercise is an important neuroendocrine stressor, this study aimed to fill this gap using an acute physical stressor. We hypothesized that this stress stage would promote an alertness that may increase feedback-sensitivity and, therefore, reward-learning during IGT, leading to a greater overall decision-making. 90 participants were divided into two groups: 47 were exposed to an acute intense physical stressor (cycloergometer) and 43 to a distractor 5 min before IGT. The Prospect Valence-Learning (PVL) computational model was applied to the IGT to investigate decision-making components (feedback-sensitivity, loss aversion, learning and choice consistency). There were no differences in the overall IGT performance, but physically stressed participants showed greater loss aversion and higher learning than controls. In addition, this loss aversion was linearly related to the learning and the choice consistency. These results would support the potentially beneficial role that early stages of stress could play in decision-making and suggest the need of studying the components that underlie this cognitive skill, rather than addressing it as a single dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian Alacreu-Crespo
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Cognitive Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Molins F, Serrano MÁ. Heart rate variability after vigorous physical exercise is positively related to loss aversion. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 34:308-319. [PMID: 33372543 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1865531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ARTICLE Loss aversion bias, whereby losses loom larger than gains, can be reduced by stress. At the same time, vigorous physical exercise is a powerful neuroendocrine stressor and heart rate variability (HRV) provides an objective measure of the actual exercise impact, relative to each individual physical condition. Our aim was to study whether vigorous exercise can influence loss aversion, considering HRV in this relation. We hypothesized that the lower HRV derived from vigorous exercise (i.e., when stressor produced the most impact) would predict a lower loss aversion. METHODS Two groups (Experimental, N = 37; Control, N = 39) completed a loss aversion task, but the experimental group was exposed to an acute physical stressor before. RESULTS Results revealed a significant group x HRV interaction. In the control group, HRV was not associated with loss aversion. Conversely, as hypothesized, the lower HRV levels derived from exercise were associated with a lesser loss aversion in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that physiological changes from physical exercise could affect decision-making by reducing loss aversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Molins
- Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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