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Moshi JM, Sohaili A, Moafa HN, Hakami AMS, Mashi MM, Thomas PPM. Short Communication: Understanding the Barriers to Cervical Cancer Prevention and HPV Vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Viruses 2024; 16:974. [PMID: 38932266 PMCID: PMC11209025 DOI: 10.3390/v16060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer, along with other sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) conditions, poses a significant burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Despite the availability of effective preventive methods such as vaccinations, particularly against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), awareness about such preventive methods and HPV vaccination remains alarmingly low in the KSA, even with governmental effort and support. While many women are aware of the risks, the uptake of the HPV vaccine remains below 10% (7.6%) at the country level. This highlights the urgent need for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) at the community level to raise awareness, dispel misconceptions, and empower women to embrace vaccinations. Additionally, there is a need to revitalize the cancer registry system to better track and monitor cervical cancer cases. This short communication aims to map these barriers while identifying opportunities for impactful research. Drawing from the scientific literature, government reports, and expert insights, we highlight the challenges surrounding the tackling of HPV. By exploring diverse sources of knowledge, this paper not only highlights current obstacles but also proposes actionable solutions for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobran M. Moshi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aarman Sohaili
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Genetics and Cell Biology Cluster, GROW Research School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hassan N. Moafa
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahlam Mohammed S. Hakami
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohsen M. Mashi
- Department of Microbiology, Jazan Armed Forces Hospital, Jazan 1568422, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pierre P. M. Thomas
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Genetics and Cell Biology Cluster, GROW Research School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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Eva FN, Khan MAS, Islam T, Monisha UK, Meem NES, Hossain MA, Goutam A, Zerin T, Alam N, Nath R, Sifat S, Sultana S, Sultana MS, Saha SK, Sarker NE, Rahman ML, Nabi MH, Hawlader MDH. Awareness of HPV vaccine and its socio-demographic determinants among the parents of eligible daughters in Bangladesh: A nationwide study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30897. [PMID: 38778954 PMCID: PMC11109798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended to avoid HPV infections and its associated diseases, including cervical cancer. However, there is no awareness study among Bangladeshi population. Hence, this nationwide study was conducted to explore HPV vaccine awareness and its determinants among parents of eligible adolescent girls. Methods This study was conducted among the parents of daughters aged 9-15 years from 42 out of 64 randomly selected districts of Bangladesh between June 28 to August 2, 2023. A multistage sampling method was used to enroll 2151 study participants from all eight divisions of Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews in this study. The statistical software Stata (Version 17) was used for statistical analyses. Results The average age of the participants was 38.18 (±5.86) years. Only 22.32 % of the participants were aware of the HPV vaccine. Every additional year of age increased the likelihood of being aware of the HPV vaccine by 3 % (AOR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.00-1.06). Participants residing in the urban area had 3.56 times higher odds of awareness than rural and semi-urban people. Businessmen and housewives had 60 % (AOR: 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.22-0.69) and 77 % (AOR: 0.23; 95 % CI: 0.16-0.33) lower odds in comparison to job holders. The lower-income group exhibited significantly higher odds of awareness (AOR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.16-0.39) compared to the middle and the higher-income group. Participants who never went through routine health check-ups had 77 % lower odds of being aware than those who availed of regular routine check-ups (AOR: 0.23; 95%CI: 0.16-0.34). Conclusion Awareness of the HPV vaccine among the general population of Bangladesh is very low. Age, residence, occupation, monthly income, and routine medical check-ups were associated with HPV vaccine awareness. A nationwide awareness campaign would increase this awareness level among the Bangladeshi population, especially among the parents of daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Nasrin Eva
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah Saeed Khan
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tariful Islam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Kulsum Monisha
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Mandy Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Nur-E-Safa Meem
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali Hossain
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Kallyanpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Goutam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Zerin
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Nishat Alam
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Rima Nath
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shamma Sifat
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sayla Sultana
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mosammat Sadeka Sultana
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sumit Kumar Saha
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Naifa Enam Sarker
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Public Health Promotion and Development Society (PPDS), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Lutfor Rahman
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training (ISRT), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Alfareh M, Obeid D, Alhoshan H, Basri R, Alhamlan FS. Low uptake of Pap test as a cervical cancer screen among Saudi women: Findings from a national survey. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38641900 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess the current knowledge and uptake of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for cervical screening among Saudi women, including barriers to undergoing the test and the availability of related services. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a health questionnaire administered through the Absher portal between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of five questions and took less than 5 min to complete. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze demographic variables, and chi-square tests were used to examine the association between these variables and Pap test uptake. RESULTS The questionnaire included 8194 Saudi women, with the majority from Makkah (24.40%), Riyadh (21.92%), and Eastern (14.44%) regions. Only 22.52% of respondents had ever received a Pap test, and among them, 17.48% did so based on their physician's recommendation. Private clinics accounted for 10.73% of Pap test locations, while public clinics accounted for 8.97%. The primary reasons for not undergoing the test were lack of knowledge regarding its importance (40.24%) and lack of information from physicians (16.96%). Knowledge of the Pap test as a cervical screening method was significantly associated with marital status, Saudi region, and age group. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed low awareness of the Pap test for cervical screening among Saudi women, particularly in younger age groups. Targeted educational initiatives are essential to increase awareness and emphasize the significance of regular screenings, especially among younger individuals, to enhance early detection and reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alfareh
- Research and Advocacy, Rofaida Women's Health Organization, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Obeid
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alhoshan
- Research and Advocacy, Rofaida Women's Health Organization, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Basri
- Research and Advocacy, Rofaida Women's Health Organization, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alhamlan
- Research and Advocacy, Rofaida Women's Health Organization, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alfhaid F, Alzahrani MK, Aljulifi MZ, Alrohaimi Y, Alawlah MN, AlMutairi FLM, Alkahtani SMH, Almousa MA, Alrashidi SN. Prevalence and Perception of HPV Vaccination Among Health Science Students in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S695-S698. [PMID: 38595505 PMCID: PMC11000862 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_946_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was carried out to assess the prevalence and perception of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination in health science students in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at different health science colleges of Majmaah University on female students. The knowledge of the participants regarding HPV was assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The history of vaccination of these female participants was also enquired. Results More than three-fifth of the participants had heard about HPV. Of these, 83 participants, 59 (71.1%), were aware that it is a disease of women and how to diagnose it. Most participants (86.7%) knew that it can cause cervical cancer, while only 57.8% knew it could be asymptomatic. There were 18% of such participants who thought that HPV and human immunodeficiency virus are the same and that there is no vaccine for the prevention of HPV. Only 14.5% (n = 12) were vaccinated against HPV. Conclusion A clear gap between knowledge and practice of HPV vaccination was observed, and health education should be planned to educate health professionals to avoid misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alfhaid
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Khater Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zaid Aljulifi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alrohaimi
- Department of Paediatric, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Nasser Alawlah
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sara Mohammad H. Alkahtani
- General Physician, Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Al-Qassim Cluster, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Aldawood E, Dabbagh D, Alharbi S, Alzamil L, Faqih L, Alshurafa HH, Dabbagh R. HPV Vaccine Knowledge and Hesitancy Among Health Colleges' Students at a Saudi University. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3465-3476. [PMID: 38024130 PMCID: PMC10656864 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s438633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a widespread sexually transmitted infection linked to various types of cancer. Although vaccination against HPV is available, global HPV vaccination rates remain low. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of the HPV vaccine and to identify predictors associated with vaccine hesitancy among health college students at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was distributed during December 2022 to students enrolled in health colleges. The survey link was randomly distributed via social media platforms and in-person interactions. The number of participants was 405 including both males and females. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The correct response rate for all knowledge items was calculated, and they were stratified by gender and college. The association of vaccine hesitancy with sociodemographic characteristics was examined using logistic regression analysis. Results The study found that approximately half of the students (49.9%) were aware of the HPV vaccine. However, only a small percentage of students answered all to all HPV knowledge items correctly. Additionally, only a small proportion (5.2%) reported receiving the vaccine. The overall HPV vaccine hesitancy was 59.1% (43.9% for female and 75.9% for male). The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy was not knowing enough about it. Males were two times more likely than females to believe that they did not need the HPV vaccine. The odds for HPV vaccine hesitancy were greater among males and younger age groups compared to females and older age groups. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of implementing university-wide interventions and educational campaigns to enhance awareness and knowledge of the HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Aldawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Deemah Dabbagh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alzamil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Faqih
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rufaidah Dabbagh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Easwaran V, Shorog EM, Alshahrani AA, Mohammad AAS, Sadiq MMJ, Alavudeen SS, Khan NA, Akhtar MS, Almeleebia TM, Alshahrani SM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening among Female Pharmacy Students at a Public University in a Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2798. [PMID: 37893872 PMCID: PMC10606165 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and screening facilities at various health centers in Saudi Arabia, the annual death rate due to cervical cancer is high. Therefore, knowledge and awareness are essential for self-care and educating others, particularly among healthcare students. The present descriptive, cross-sectional study explored female pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer. A total of 140 students participated in the survey. The survey was conducted for the period between April 2022 to September 2023. We observed a good knowledge score and positive attitudes among 8.5% and 93.5% of participants, respectively. A total of 10% of the study participants reported good practice scores. Most participants had never been screened for cervical cancer (94.3%). Among the non-screened subjects, feeling healthy and lacking information were the participants' significant reasons for not screening for cervical cancer. A positive history of cancer related to smoking significantly impacted the knowledge score (p = 0.050). The current study reveals that healthcare awareness programs for cervical cancer and HPV vaccination are necessary at the level of educational institutions to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Easwaran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Eman Mohammed Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Almaha Ali Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Asif Ansari Shaik Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | | | - Sirajudeen Shaik Alavudeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Tahani Musleh Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sultan Mohammed Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (S.S.A.); (N.A.K.); (M.S.A.); (S.M.A.)
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Turki YM, Alqurashi J. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Towards Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Among Adult Women in Primary Health Care Centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e44157. [PMID: 37638260 PMCID: PMC10460136 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer, which is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. While HPV vaccines are effective, their coverage remains low in low- and middle-income countries. Public awareness of HPV vaccination is also limited. The study examines public awareness of cervical cancer, HPV, the HPV vaccine, and factors that hinder vaccine uptake. OBJECTIVES To assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards HPV vaccination among women aged 16 years and above in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using an interview questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 534 female patients aged 16 years and older who visited primary healthcare centers in Makkah. The interview questionnaire included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV vaccination, attitudes and perceptions toward HPV vaccination, and sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. RESULTS The majority of participants were aged between 21 and 40 years (76.4%), Saudi (90.3%), and had a higher education level (73.4%). Only a small proportion (1.9%-39%) of participants correctly answered most of the questions related to HPV vaccination, while a few questions were answered correctly by a larger proportion (41.6%-59.6%), highlighting the need for educational programs to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine. The internet and social media were the most prevalent sources of information about HPV infection and vaccines (48.4%). A majority of participants expressed willingness to receive the HPV vaccine if offered by the healthcare sector at no cost (65.5%). Concerns included fear of injection (27.7%), cost (23.2%), and potential refusal from family or community (9.7%). A significant proportion believed that there is a need for educational sessions to increase awareness about the HPV vaccine in their community (82.8%) and that increased knowledge about HPV vaccines would lead to greater acceptability (83.9%). Age, nationality, marital status, number of children, educational status, occupation, and average monthly income were significantly associated with knowledge about HPV vaccination (p < 0.05). Age and educational status were significantly associated with attitudes towards HPV vaccination (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The lack of knowledge about HPV vaccination among adult women in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is concerning, as it may result in low vaccine uptake rates and an increased incidence of HPV-related diseases. Therefore, targeted educational programs and awareness campaigns are crucial to enhance knowledge and promote the uptake of the HPV vaccine. These programs should be designed to provide accurate information about the prevalence of HPV, its associated risks, and the benefits of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M Turki
- Preventive Medicine, Preventive Medicine Board Program, Makkah, SAU
| | - Jehad Alqurashi
- Public Health, Ministry of Health, Saudi Board of Preventive Medicine, Mecca, SAU
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Rezq KA, Algamdi M, Alanazi R, Alanazi S, Alhujairy F, Albalawi R, Al-Zamaa W. Knowledge, Perception, and Acceptance of HPV Vaccination and Screening for Cervical Cancer among Saudi Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1188. [PMID: 37515004 PMCID: PMC10385735 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) ranks as the eighth most prevalent malignancy in Saudi Arabian women of all ages. This cross-sectional study intends to assess women's knowledge, perceptions, and acceptance concerning HPV vaccination and CC screening in Saudi Arabia as well as the contributing variables to women's screening and vaccine acceptability. Data were collected between 1 April 2023 and 30 May 2023 through online questionnaires. Out of 421 responses, 70% of the studied sample had fair knowledge, and 30% had good knowledge related to cervical cancer screening and vaccine. Only 1.9% of the participants had a positive perception, while 41% of the participants had a negative perception toward cervical cancer screening and vaccine. A total of 38% of the participants were fearful of the side effects of the vaccine, while 22.2% doubted the effectiveness of the vaccine. Acceptance was much better correlated with perception (Rho = 0.47) than with knowledge (Rho = 0.177). However, this correlation remains weak. We conclude that Saudi women still have a poor understanding or impression of cervical cancer and prevention methods. Fear of the vaccination's negative effects and skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccine/screening have recently been the most often-mentioned hurdles to vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulud Ahmad Rezq
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maadiah Algamdi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alanazi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alanazi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Alhujairy
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwa Albalawi
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Al-Zamaa
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
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Alsuhebany N, Alowais SA, Aldairem A, Almohareb SN, Bin Saleh K, Kahtani KM, Alnashwan LI, Alay SM, Alamri MG, Alhathlol GK, Asiri I. Identifying gaps in vaccination perception after mandating the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00481-4. [PMID: 37164821 PMCID: PMC10130326 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The burden of COVID-19 pandemic affected the globe, and it is unclear how it has impacted the general perception of other vaccines. We aimed to investigate the public awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards other complementary vaccines after the mandate of the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using a survey distributed via several social media platforms in June 2022. The questionnaire had three main sections; awareness; attitudes; and demographic information. Descriptive analysis was mainly used and supplemented with Chi-square test for correlation. All individuals over the age of 18 were eligible to participate in the study. RESULTS A total of 1,045 participants from Saudi Arabia completed the survey. Of the respondents, 55.9% were female, and 95% were Saudi citizens. Public awareness towards vaccines after the mandate of COVID-19 vaccine was the highest with the influenza vaccine (98.2%), followed by human papillomavirus (HPV) (40.7%), tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) (37.2%), and lastly, pneumococcal vaccine (17%). More than 50% of the participants expressed their willingness to receive any of the four vaccines if they knew about the benefits related to these vaccines. CONCLUSION The study showed that participants were willing to receive the vaccination if they were aware of the general benefits of vaccinations. Therefore, health education and campaigns toward recommended vaccines for high-risk group are essential and needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Alsuhebany
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shuroug A Alowais
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Aldairem
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaya N Almohareb
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Bin Saleh
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla M Kahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama I Alnashwan
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Alay
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida K Alhathlol
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Asiri
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Tobaiqy MA, Mehdar SA, Altayeb TI, Saad TM, Alqutub ST. Parental knowledge, views, and perceptions of human papilloma virus infection and vaccination-cross-sectional descriptive study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:556-560. [PMID: 37122659 PMCID: PMC10131950 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1673_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly contagious virus that is linked to cervical cancer and is a major public health issue. Saudi Arabia national efforts aimed to have females aged 9-25 years to receive the available vaccine. Objectives This study aims to explore parental knowledge, views, and perceptions around HPV in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire was used through direct interview to collect information from a group of parents attending King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised items including demographics, knowledge, views, and perceptions of HPV infection and vaccination. Results Of the 500 parents who participated in this study, only 54 (11%) had heard about HPV being associated with cervical cancer. The majority of the participants reported being from the middle social class (n = 472, 94.4%). The vast majority (n = 483, 96.8%) had never heard of the HPV vaccine and (n = 470, 94%) were unwilling to vaccinate their daughters. The primary reported reason behind refusing the vaccine was the lack of information on the importance of HPV vaccination (n = 426, 85.2%). The majority (n = 419, 83.8%) believed that there was insufficient information regarding vaccine safety and efficacy. Participants suggested ways to increase vaccination acceptance like social media awareness (n = 369, 73.8%), educational seminars in schools (n = 254, 50.8%), and a governmental platform (n = 218, 43.6%) providing information on HPV infection and promoting vaccination. Conclusion Parents in the present study demonstrated a substantial lack of knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination, which may necessitate the establishment of national awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour A. Tobaiqy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa A. Mehdar
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasneem I. Altayeb
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tala M. Saad
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulafa T. Alqutub
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Sulafa T. Alqutub, 5340 Abdulrahman Bin Abi Farad, 23717 - AlBasatin Dist., Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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11
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Aldawood E, Alzamil L, Faqih L, Dabbagh D, Alharbi S, Hafiz TA, Alshurafa HH, Altukhais WF, Dabbagh R. Awareness of Human Papillomavirus among Male and Female University Students in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050649. [PMID: 36900652 PMCID: PMC10000570 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection globally. Investigating HPV awareness can reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers. AIMS (1) Assessing HPV awareness and knowledge among health college students at King Saud University, (2) comparing these outcomes across sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted from November to December 2022 and included 403 health college students. Associations of HPV awareness and knowledge with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS Only 60% of students were aware of HPV, with awareness higher among females, although their knowledge scores were comparable to males. The odds of awareness of HPV were greater among medical students compared to other colleges and among students belonging to older age groups compared to the younger age group (18-20). The odds of HPV awareness among hepatitis B vaccinated students were 2.10 times that among unvaccinated students (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.21, 3.64). CONCLUSIONS The low level of HPV awareness among college students warrants the need for HPV educational campaigns to improve HPV awareness and to promote HPV vaccination in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Aldawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lama Alzamil
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Faqih
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deemah Dabbagh
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wajd F. Altukhais
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rufaidah Dabbagh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Almuqaytib AY, Alomar IA, Altwaijri MH, Aldakhil AY, Altowaijri AH. Assessment of Saudi Females' Knowledge Regarding Human Papillomavirus Infection, Screening, and Available Methods for Prevention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Qassim Region. Cureus 2023; 15:e33311. [PMID: 36741644 PMCID: PMC9894648 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are known to be the main culprit of cervical cancer. It is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. In recent years, it has begun to spread more widely in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Health recently added HPV vaccination for women to the list of recommended vaccinations. Aim This study aimed to assess Saudi females' knowledge regarding HPV infection, screening, and the available tools for prevention in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Subject and methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among women living in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered pre-structured questionnaire was distributed among the targeted women using an online platform. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. age, education, occupation, etc.) knowledge questionnaire and a questionnaire about the attitude toward HPV protection. The minimum required sample size was 385. This means 385 or more measurements/surveys are needed to have a confidence level of 95% that the real value is within ±5% of the measured/surveyed value. All females aged 18 years and above who are living in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia were included in our study. Males are excluded from this study. All data analyses were performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, Armonk, NY). Results Of the 387 women involved, 52.2% were aged between 18 and 25 years old. The prevalence of women who have heard of HPV was 49.1%. Fifty-four percent were willing to accept HPV vaccination if offered. The overall mean knowledge score was 3.56 (SD 2.51) out of 11 points. Poor knowledge levels constituted most of the women (71.1%), 24.5% had moderate knowledge and only 4.4% were considered good. Increased awareness was more prevalent in younger women, more educated, those who underwent Pap smear, and those who were willing to accept HPV vaccination. Conclusion The awareness of women toward HPV infection was deficient. Younger women who had a better education and who are willing to receive HPV vaccination were more likely to demonstrate better awareness levels toward HPV infection as compared to the rest of the women. More research is needed to establish the level of awareness among women in our region.
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Darraj AI, Arishy AM, Alshamakhi AH, Osaysi NA, Jaafari SM, Sumayli SA, Mushari RY, Alhazmi AH. Human Papillomavirus Knowledge and Vaccine Acceptability in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081337. [PMID: 36016225 PMCID: PMC9413274 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection that affects teens and adults in their early 20 s. Screening and HPV vaccination are important preventive measures to reduce cases of HPV and associated complications. Studies about HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability are scarce in Saudi Arabia. This study evaluated participants’ knowledge, attitude, and acceptability concerning HPV and the HPV vaccine in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested survey that assessed knowledge and attitude toward HPV and the HPV vaccine among the population of Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Responses were collected from adults between January and March 2022. Data were analyzed using a t-test and chi-square test. Results: We included 569 in the study. Most participants were single (65%), females (83%), with a university-level of education (78%). The recorded knowledge score for all participants was 1.99 (out of 10). About half of the participants denied that HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection. Further, 53% were interested in the HPV vaccine, and 63% of participants acknowledged that the HPV vaccine could prevent warts and cervical cancer. About 30% of the participants opposed the vaccine due to religious reasons. Conclusion: The results of our study highlight the inadequate level of knowledge concerning HPV infection, even among highly educated people. Thus, by promoting the HPV vaccine acceptance and use, awareness can be raised in our community to assure better knowledge and achieve higher protection from this virus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atheer I. Darraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Njoud A. Osaysi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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