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Liu J, Bao T, Wang Q, Jiang H, Zhang X. Stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 types of premature ejaculation. Basic Clin Androl 2024; 34:11. [PMID: 38951750 PMCID: PMC11218248 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-024-00226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although men with premature ejaculation (PE) always show more negative emotions, including embarrassment, guilt and worry, this may be related to the stigma of PE. To investigated stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 PE syndromes, a survey was conducted in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 among 350 men with self-reported PE and 252 men without self-reported PE. The stigma, self-confidence and sexual relations were assessed by the Social Impact Scale (SIS) and Self-Esteem and Relationship questionnaire (SEAR), respectively. Ejaculation control, sexual life satisfaction and distress caused by PE were evaluated by the Index of PE. RESULTS Men with self-reported PE had higher internalized shame and social isolation scores and lower SEAR scores than control subjects. The highest score of internalized shame and social isolation and the lowest score of SEAR appeared in men with lifelong PE (LPE). After age adjustment, the positive relationships were stronger between distress about PE and internalized shame. Whereas, the stronger negative associations were found between social isolation and sexual satisfaction. The strongest association was observed between social isolation and sexual relationship. Therefore, the stigma associated with PE adversely affects the self-confidence, self-esteem, and sexual relationships of men with PE. CONCLUSION Men with PE, especially LPE, have a high level of stigma and disharmonious sexual relations, and often lack self-confidence and self-esteem, which have a certain negative impact on their physical and mental health and life. These will be the key issues to be considered when we formulate a personalized treatment plan for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishuang Liu
- Department of Urology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, The Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Urology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Renmin Road No. 352, Yingjiang District, Anqing, 246003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Bao
- Department of Urology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Renmin Road No. 352, Yingjiang District, Anqing, 246003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Renmin Road No. 352, Yingjiang District, Anqing, 246003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Institute of Urology, Peking University Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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2
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Ambusaidi H, Alshuaibi M, Zugail AS, Beley S. The role of surgical therapy in the management of premature ejaculation: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1589-1597. [PMID: 37969778 PMCID: PMC10643386 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common sexual disorder among male adults and negatively impacts a man's sexual life. Currently, the mainstay treatment of PE is still medical therapy which has drawbacks among patients as a consequence of side effects. Despite the new definitions, the evolution of medical therapy, and the consensus for the management of PE, it remains challenging to treat for many clinicians especially when medical treatment fails. However, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) and the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines ignored surgical therapy due to conflicting medical reports and doubts about the safety of surgical management. This article discusses the surgical management of PE based on recent guidelines, reviews, and evolving techniques. Methods We reviewed the literature using PubMed and searched for the following keywords: premature ejaculation, selective dorsal neurectomy, hyaluronic acid, dorsal nerve neuromodulation, cryo-ablation of the dorsal nerve and inner condom technique until May 2023. Seventeen studies were found. Key Content and Findings Even though the widespread use of many surgical modalities in Asia such as glans penis augmentation (GPA) using hyaluronic acid (HA) selective dorsal neurectomy (SDN), cryo-ablation of the dorsal nerve, neuromodulation of the dorsal nerve (NMDN), and circumcision are still considered as controversial for the guidelines. Conclusions The mainstay treatment of PE is still pharmaceutical. However, the current body of evidence on surgical treatments for PE is limited. Men considering surgical therapy for PE should be counseled well for the risks and benefits as there may be chronic disabilities. Further, well-designed trials are needed to establish safety and efficacy for the surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ambusaidi
- Department of Urology, Clinique Turin, Group Almaviva, Paris, France
- Department of Urology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muaath Alshuaibi
- Department of Urology, Clinique Turin, Group Almaviva, Paris, France
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Zugail
- Department of Urology, Clinique Turin, Group Almaviva, Paris, France
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastien Beley
- Department of Urology, Clinique Turin, Group Almaviva, Paris, France
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3
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Li Y, Li X, Wang Z, Chen X, Sescousse G, Santtila P, Dai Y, Zhang B. Altered reward processing in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17539. [PMID: 37845325 PMCID: PMC10579392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that sexual behavior is usually pleasurable and highly rewarding, it is surprising that there is as yet no known research to empirically assess how premature ejaculation (PE) patients respond to the rewarding aspect of sexual behavior. This study was designed to address this issue by evaluating how these men respond to the anticipation and hedonic experience of sexual rewards in comparison to non-sexual rewards. Thirty lifelong PE patients and thirty healthy controls (HCs) performed the incentive delay task manipulating both erotic and monetary rewards. Compared to HCs, lifelong PE patients exhibited significantly faster RTs to erotic cues than to monetary cues during reward anticipation. Meanwhile, hedonic experience ratings after obtaining the actual reward showed that erotic rewards were rated as more pleasant than monetary rewards only by lifelong PE patients, which was driven by a decreased sensitivity to experienced monetary rewards in lifelong PE patients compared to HCs. These findings indicate the existence of dysfunctional reward processing in lifelong PE patients, which is characterized by increased incentive motivation elicited by sexual cues and reduced hedonic impact of nonsexual rewards. This study may offer an insightful clue regarding how PE is related to the abnormal regulation of the rewarding aspect of sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- Reward, Competition, and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Teacher Education, NanJing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Reward, Competition, and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Reward, Competition, and Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center-INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, New York University (NYU) Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutian Dai
- Department of Andrology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Han Q, Guo J, Wang R, Li J, Wang F, Gao Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Zeng Y. Mechanism of Shugan Yidan fan, a Chinese herbal formula, in rat model of premature ejaculation. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:25. [PMID: 37784033 PMCID: PMC10546682 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common forms of sexual dysfunction in men, and multimodal therapeutic regimens should be considered to treat the condition. We developed a Chinese medicine herbal medicine, Shugan Yidan fang that had a significant clinical effect on PE patients, extending the time between penetration and ejaculation. However, the mechanism of this formula remains unclear. There is evidence that PE is associated with peripheral neuropathology, and the actions of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Shugan Yidan fang's effect on PE through the relationship between sexual behavioristics and the level of neurotransmitters and dopamine receptors (DARs). RESULTS We showed that the male PE groups had a significant PE phenotype compared to healthy rats. Treatment with Shugan Yidan fang improved the behavioristics of the PE rats, and reduced the expression of DAR mRNA and protein while improving dopamine transporter levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence for the beneficial effect of Shugan Yidan fang in PE therapy, and proposed a preliminary potential mechanism for the clinical application of the formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Han
- Department of Andrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Art Gallery Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Renyuan Wang
- Department of Andrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Art Gallery Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangminzi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Qinghe Gao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Hetian Wang
- Department of Andrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Art Gallery Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zeng
- Department of Andrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Art Gallery Back Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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5
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Wang F, Luo D, Chen J, Pan C, Wang Z, Fu H, Xu J, Yang M, Mo S, Zhuang L, Wang W. Influence of TPH2 and HTR1A polymorphisms on lifelong premature ejaculation risk among the chinese Han population. BMC Urol 2023; 23:86. [PMID: 37161455 PMCID: PMC10170821 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) is one of the most common ejaculatory dysfunctions in men. The serotonin (5-HT) synthesis rate-limiting enzyme (TPH2) and receptor (HTR1A) in the 5-HT regulatory system may play a key role in the pathogenesis of LPE. However, there are few studies on the effects of TPH2 and HTR1A polymorphisms on LPE risk. We speculated that TPH2 and HTR1A polymorphisms may affect the occurrence and development of LPE in the Chinese Han population. METHODS In this study, 91 patients with LPE and 362 normal controls aged 18 to 64 years were enrolled in the male urology department of Hainan General Hospital in China from January 2016 to December 2018. The SNPs in HTR1A and TPH2, which are related to 5-HT regulation, were selected as indexes to genotype the collected blood samples of participants. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between SNPs of HTR1A and TPH2 with LPE susceptibility, as well as the relationship with leptin, 5-HT and folic acid levels. RESULTS The results revealed that HTR1A-rs6295 increased LPE risk in recessive model. Rs11178996 in TPH2 significantly reduced susceptibility to LPE in allelic (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.49-0.96, p = 0.027), codominant (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.98, p = 0.040), dominant (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36-0.92, p = 0.020), and additive (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.52-0.98, p = 0.039) models. Grs11179041Trs10879352 could reduce the risk of LPE (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22-0.90, p = 0.024) by haplotype analysis. CONCLUSION HTR1A-rs6295 and TPH2-rs11178996 are associated with LPE risk in the Chinese Han population based on the finding of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Defan Luo
- Department of Lung Transplatation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, China
| | - Cuiqing Pan
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Zhongyao Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Housheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Jianbing Xu
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Kidney Transplatation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571199, China
| | - Shaowei Mo
- Ministry of Science and Education, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, 571100, China
| | - Liying Zhuang
- Library, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China
| | - Weifu Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.19, Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570311, China.
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6
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The Influence of Smartphone Screen Time on Acquired Premature Ejaculation: A Prospective Preliminary Study. Andrologia 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3949522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective study is aimed at investigating the relationship between smartphone screen time and the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) in patients with acquired PE and to contribute to the literature. Thirty patients who had been diagnosed with acquired PE in our clinic between March 2022 and May 2022 were included in the study. Carrying similar demographic characteristics to the patient group, a total of 30 healthy volunteers were included as the control group. Patients who were using Huawei or iPhone brand of smartphones and who had data of at least one week of screen time were included in the study. The data were collected from the applications on the phones. PE was evaluated using PEDT, the Turkish validation of which had been carried out. The patients and the controls also underwent the application of the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Short Form (SF-36), which has also been validated for Turkish. The patients and the controls were compared with regard to smartphone screen time, IELT, PEDT scores, and the SF-36 scores. The mean screen time was found to be statistically significantly higher in the PE group compared to that of controls (
,
, respectively,
). In the correlation analysis between the IELT and the PEDT scores of the patients, a significant negative correlation was found between the screen time and the IELT, and a significant positive correlation was found between the screen time and the mean PEDT scores (
,
, respectively). Our results showed that smartphone screen time negatively affected the IELT values and PE severity in patients with acquired PE.
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7
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Chan SW. Fusion assays for screening of fusion inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 entry and syncytia formation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007527. [PMID: 36438831 PMCID: PMC9691968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus fusion process is evolutionarily conserved and provides a promising pan-viral target. Cell-cell fusion leads to syncytial formation and has implications in pathogenesis, virus spread and immune evasion. Drugs that target these processes can be developed into anti-virals. Here, we have developed sensitive, rapid, adaptable fusion reporter gene assays as models for plasma membrane and alternative fusion pathways as well as syncytial fusion in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have confirmed their specificity using neutralizing antibodies and specific protease inhibitors. The fusion report gene assays are more sensitive and unbiased than morphological fusion assay. The fusion assays can differentiate between transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2)-dependency in TMPRSS2(+) cells and trypsin-dependency in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)(+)TMPRSS2(-) cells. Moreover, we have identified putative novel fusion processes that are triggered by an acidic pH with and without trypsin. Coupled with morphological fusion criteria, we have found that syncytia formation is enhanced by TMPRSS2 or trypsin. By testing against our top drug hits previously shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, we have identified several fusion inhibitors including structurally related lopsided kite-shaped molecules. Our results have important implications in the development of universal blockers and synergistic therapeutics and the small molecule inhibitors can provide important tools in elucidating the fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Wan Chan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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8
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Arshad A, Irfan M, Inam M, Hussain NHN, Ismail SB. Levosulpiride for Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221124832. [PMID: 36154321 PMCID: PMC9515538 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221124832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the major causes of sexual dysfunction. Levosulpiride is an off-label medicine used to treat PE, but no review on its efficacy exists. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of levosulpiride in treating PE. Databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched. Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing levosulpiride with placebo or other medicine were selected. Odds ratio (OR) of improved intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was calculated. A total of 97 articles were retrieved from database search, of which only four RCTs containing 203 men met the selection criteria. All four RCTs were included in systematic review while only two were included in meta-analysis. A high selection and detection bias was found in both of these studies. Meta-analysis also showed the odds of improving IELT in PE patients using levosulpiride to be significantly higher (p < .05) compared with those who used placebo, OR: 100.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) [13.12-774.90], I2 = 0%. Odds of improving IELT for > 5 min (500% improvement) were also significantly higher (p < .05) compared with the placebo groups (OR: 38.88, 95% CI [5.12-295.29], I2 = 0%). The odds of improving IELT for > 1 min, but < 5 min were also significantly higher (p < .05) than placebo groups (OR: 32.84, 95% CI [4.15-259.75], I2 = 0%). Levosulpiride improved IELT, but even so, limited studies are available on this topic. Additional research is thus required to support the present review's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife
and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife
and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam
- Department of Zoology, University
of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,BISP, C & T Wing, Pakistan
Secretariat, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain
- Women’s Health Development Unit,
School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang
Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Shaiful Bahari Ismail
- Department of Family Medicine,
School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang
Kerian, Malaysia,Shaiful Bahari Ismail, Department
of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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9
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Mohamed AH, Mohamud HA, Yasar A. The prevalence of premature ejaculation and its relationship with polygamous men: a cross-sectional observational study at a tertiary hospital in Somalia. BMC Urol 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 34915878 PMCID: PMC8680334 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common and prevalent sexual disorder among men. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at evaluating the relationship of PE among polygamous men. Method Over a 1-year period, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out among 202 married men who visited the urology polyclinic due to different clinical conditions and contributed by completing a standardized structured questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic data, as well as sexual and past medical history. Results In our study, the prevalence of PE was 37.1%; half of the monogamous men (50%) complained of PE, while 22% of men with two wives, 20% of men with three wives, and 12% of men with four wives complained of PE (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.122–1.920). Seventy percent of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients had PE concurrence (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.057–5.543). Regarding frequency of sexual intercourse, 48% of patients who complained of PE performed sexual intercourse less than two times/week, while two-thirds of the participants who did not complain of PE had sexual intercourse two to four times/week (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.203–0.568). Among the men who reported ED, 42% had one wife, 21.5% had two wives, 40% had three wives, and 12.5% had four wives (p < 0.029, 95% CI 0.417–0.962). Conclusions We report that polygamous men have a lower incidence of premature ejaculation and higher sexual satisfaction than monogamous men. There is a significant association between ED and PE, showing a complex and bidirectional relationship between the two conditions. The new taxonomic entity called loss of control of erection and ejaculation (LCEE) views the two sexual symptoms as deeply interrelated. The study results indicate that a sexual intercourse frequency of two or more times per week significantly lowers the risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussein Ali Mohamud
- Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Adem Yasar
- Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
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10
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Luca G, Parrettini S, Sansone A, Calafiore R, Jannini EA. The Inferto-Sex Syndrome (ISS): sexual dysfunction in fertility care setting and assisted reproduction. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2071-2102. [PMID: 33956331 PMCID: PMC8421318 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Infertility represents a peculiar social burden affecting more than 15% of couples, provoking it a real threat to the general quality of life and to the sexual health. The medicalization (diagnosis, therapy and follow up) of the lack of fertility is frequently a challenge in term of personal and couple's involvement. In particular, while the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has allowed many infertile couples to achieve pregnancy, the therapeutic process faced by the couple bears a strong psychological stress that can affect the couple's quality of life, relationship and sexuality. Despite infertility affects both female and male sexual health, only recently the interest in the effects of ART on the couple's sexuality has grown, especially for women. METHODS A literature research on the sexual dysfunction in fertility care and particularly in ART setting was performed. RESULTS Literature largely found that intimacy and sexuality appear specifically impaired by intrusiveness of treatments and medical prescriptions. Moreover, there is a close relationship between emotional, psychological and sexual aspects, which can be integrated in the new concept of Inferto-Sex Syndrome (ISS) that can impair the ART treatment outcomes. Evidence demonstrates that the assessment of sexual function is necessary in couples undergoing diagnosis of infertility and ART. CONCLUSION A close relationship between infertility and sexuality, both in the female and male partners, was detected. ART treatments may heavily impact on the couple's psychosexual health. A couple-centred program for the integrated management of psychological and sexual dysfunction should be considered in the context of ART programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luca
- Unit of Andrology and Endocrinology of Reproduction, Department of Experimental Medicine, University Medical School, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Parrettini
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perugia, University Medical School, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Sansone
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, E Tower South. Floor 4, Room E413, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - R Calafiore
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perugia, University Medical School, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - E A Jannini
- Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, E Tower South. Floor 4, Room E413, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Eserdag S, Kurban D, Yakut E, Mishra PC. Insights Into the Vaginismus Treatment by Cognitive Behavioral Therapies: Correlation With Sexual Dysfunction Identified in Male Spouses of the Patients. J Family Reprod Health 2021; 15:61-69. [PMID: 34429738 PMCID: PMC8346745 DOI: 10.18502/jfrh.v15i1.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine retrospectively sexual dysfunction in the male spouses of 425 female patients who had presented to our clinic and were diagnosed with primary vaginismus. Materials and methods: Seven questions related to age, profession, educational status, number of marriages, personality structure, sexual experience, and sexual dysfunction history were directed to the spouses of the 425 female patients presenting to our clinic for vaginismus treatment between 2015 and 2018. Men reporting sexual dysfunction were evaluated by a urologist, and the necessary treatment was initiated. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy was started for all patients. Results: Of the 425 men, 73.9% stated that they did not have any sexual problems. Of the 111 men (26.1%) stated that they had one or more sexual problems, 77 (18.1%) were diagnosed with premature ejaculation, 25 (5.8%) erectile dysfunction, 36 (8.4%) hypoactive sexual desire, and one (0.2%) had delayed ejaculation. Premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction were identified in nine patients, premature ejaculation and hypoactive sexual desire in seven, and erectile dysfunction and hypoactive sexual desire in four patients. There was an increased rate of sexual dysfunction in men in cases where the duration of marriage without coitus was longer than three years. Conclusion: In the treatment of vaginismus, male sexual dysfunction should not be ignored. Spouses should be questioned for sexual dysfunction and included in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Eserdag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Altınbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Drosophila Corazonin Neurons as a Hub for Regulating Growth, Stress Responses, Ethanol-Related Behaviors, Copulation Persistence and Sexually Dimorphic Reward Pathways. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030026. [PMID: 34287347 PMCID: PMC8293205 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal mechanisms by which complex behaviors are coordinated and timed often involve neuropeptidergic regulation of stress and reward pathways. Recent studies of the neuropeptide Corazonin (Crz), a homolog of the mammalian Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), have suggested its crucial role in the regulation of growth, internal states and behavioral decision making. We focus this review on Crz neurons with the goal to (1) highlight the diverse roles of Crz neuron function, including mechanisms that may be independent of the Crz peptide, (2) emphasize current gaps in knowledge about Crz neuron functions, and (3) propose exciting ideas of novel research directions involving the use of Crz neurons. We describe the different developmental fates of distinct subsets of Crz neurons, including recent findings elucidating the molecular regulation of apoptosis. Crz regulates systemic growth, food intake, stress responses and homeostasis by interacting with the short Neuropeptide F (sNPF) and the steroid hormone ecdysone. Additionally, activation of Crz neurons is shown to be pleasurable by interacting with the Neuropeptide F (NPF) and regulates reward processes such as ejaculation and ethanol-related behaviors in a sexually dimorphic manner. Crz neurons are proposed to be a motivational switch regulating copulation duration using a CaMKII-dependent mechanism described as the first neuronal interval timer lasting longer than a few seconds. Lastly, we propose ideas to use Crz neuron-induced ejaculation to study the effects of fictive mating and sex addiction in flies, as well as to elucidate dimorphic molecular mechanisms underlying reward behaviors and feeding disorders.
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13
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Zhang J, Su H, Ma C, Li H. Premature Ejaculation, True or False? Clinical evaluation of PE patients with multiple intercourse in one day. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14097. [PMID: 33964032 DOI: 10.1111/and.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical characteristics of 216 adult males previously diagnosed with premature ejaculation (PE) were studied. Using a survey questionnaire, characteristics included intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), penile hardness scores and the refractory period (RP). Ninety-four PE patients reported they had experienced vaginal intercourse more than once (2 to 4 times) in one day (~44%). IELT was significantly increased at the second and subsequent intercourses, and IIEF-15 (International Index of Erectile Function-15) and relevant subclass scores were markedly improved compared to their first intercourse and also compared to the single intercourse group in this cohort study. Overall sexual satisfaction was achieved in the PE patients with multiple intercourse experiences. The same trend was observed in both the patients diagnosed with lifelong and acquired PE. Based on the evidence, the argument is that the PE patients who were diagnosed using their performance at the first intercourse but who have the ability to participate in multiple vaginal intercourses in one day are unlikely to be true PE. The false PE may account for over 40% of PE patients diagnosed by current guidelines and definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengquan Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Li H, Gao P, Gao J, Wu X, Liu G, Dai Y, Jiang H, Zhang X. Risk factors of premature ejaculation and its influence on sexual function of spouse. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:5. [PMID: 33596817 PMCID: PMC7890845 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ejaculation (PE) is a multifactorial problem with a complicated aetiology that has detrimental effects on female partners' sexual function. However, there is a lack of studies on the relationship between the factors related to PE and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in China. We aimed to identify and explore the relationship between the factors associated with PE and FSD. RESULTS Ultimately, information was collected from 761 couples: 445 couples with PE complaints and 316 couples without PE complaints. The mean ages of the men with and without PE complaints were 36.29 ± 9.87 years and 31.48 ± 10.77 years, respectively. Female partners in the group with PE complaints reported lower total and subdomain female sexual function index (FSFI) scores, and approximately 65% of them were diagnosed with FSD (vs. CONTROL GROUP 31.96%). A PE duration of more than 14 months, a self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (self-estimated IELT) less than 2 min, a negative attitude towards PE problems, men's introversion, and men's depression were risk factors for FSD in the PE group. CONCLUSIONS PE affects not only the patient himself but also the spouse. Comprehensive analysis reveals a clear relationship and interaction between female sexual function and PE. Moreover, in PE treatment, we should not ignore the occurrence of FSD and its impact and should emphasize the treatment of couples together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yutian Dai
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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15
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Ma Z, Li M, Wang XS, Wang Q, Yuan MZ. Application of micronised acellular dermal matrix for primary premature ejaculation: A preliminary study. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13994. [PMID: 33586147 DOI: 10.1111/and.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the efficacy of injection of micronised acellular dermal matrix (MADM) particles for treating primary premature ejaculation. This study was a prospective single-arm clinical trial. Thirty patients who met the surgical indications were enrolled. MADM particles, mixed in platelet-rich plasma, were injected into Buck's fascia to spread over the dorsal penile nerve, suppress the influx of nerve impulses and, thus, reduce penis sensitivity. We evaluated the changes according to intravaginal ejaculation latency time using a stopwatch and a premature ejaculation diagnostic tool. Meanwhile, we also recorded sexual partner satisfaction and adverse events. All patients recovered well after surgery with no complications such as infections or allergies. The mean intravaginal ejaculation latency time before surgery was 0.72 ± 0.28 min, compared with 2.41 ± 0.54 min, 2.64 ± 0.41 min, 2.79 ± 0.25 min and 2.89 ± 0.35 min at, respectively, 4, 8, 16 and 20 weeks after surgery. The premature ejaculation diagnostic values and sexual partner satisfaction had significantly improved after treatment. Injection of MADM particles is an effective, safe and simple method for treating premature ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Wang
- Department of China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Personnel, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong, China
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16
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Raveendran AV, Agarwal A. Premature ejaculation - current concepts in the management: A narrative review. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:5-22. [PMID: 33553999 PMCID: PMC7851481 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i1.8176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE; early ejaculation or rapid ejaculation) is a common sexual problem affecting about 20-30% of men in the sexually active age group. PE can be of four types: Primary, secondary, natural variable, and subjective PE. Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options are available to treat PE including Dapoxetine, which is specifically developed for the treatment of PE. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and management aspects of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankur Agarwal
- Seceratory General for Asia Oceania Federation of Sexology, Hon. Treasurer for CSEPI, Sex Counselors and Therapists, Indore, India
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17
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Rohilla J, Jilowa CS, Tak P, Hasan S, Upadhyay N. A Comparative Study of Yoga with Paroxetine for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation: A Pilot Study. Int J Yoga 2020; 13:227-232. [PMID: 33343153 PMCID: PMC7735509 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Premature ejaculation (PME) is a common sexual disorder. Drugs used commonly used for its treatment have various side effects and disadvantages. Yoga is being increasingly studied in a variety of medical disorders with positive results. However, its evidence for patients with PME is very limited. Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of yoga on ejaculation time in patients with PME and to compare it with paroxetine. Settings and Design: This was a nonrandomized nonblinded comparative study in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: Among patients with PME, 40 selected paroxetine and 28 yoga. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was measured in seconds once before and three times after intervention. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean, standard deviation, paired and unpaired t-tests, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: IELT was significantly increased in both groups – paroxetine (from 29.85 ± 11.9 to 82.19 ± 32.9) and yoga (from 25.88 ± 16.1 to 88697 + 26.9). Although the effect of yoga was slightly delayed in onset, its effect size (η2 = 0.87, P < 0.05) was more than paroxetine (η2 = 0.73, P < 0.05). One-fifth of the patients in the paroxetine group (19.5%) and 8% in the yoga group continued to have the problem of PME at the end of the trial. Conclusions: Yoga caused improvement in both intravaginal ejaculation latency time and subjective sexual experience with minimal side effect. Therefore, yoga could be an easily accessible economical nonpharmacological treatment option for the patient with PME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Rohilla
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Pinki Tak
- Department of Medicine, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shazia Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitendra Upadhyay
- Yoga Trainer, Sri Ram Yoga Kendra, Ambe Bhawan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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18
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Fiala L, Lenz J. Psychosocial stress, somatoform dissociative symptoms and free testosterone in premature ejaculation. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13828. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Fiala
- Institute of Sexology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lenz
- Department of Pathology Znojmo Hospital Znojmo Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Brno Czech Republic
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19
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Wang F, Luo D, Chen J, Pan C, Wang Z, Fu H, Xu J, Yang M, Mo S, Zhuang L, Wang W. Rs9303628 and rs2054847 of SLC6A4 are protective factors for the onset of lifelong premature ejaculation among the Chinese population. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13650. [PMID: 32964515 DOI: 10.1111/and.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphisms of SLC6A4 gene affect the occurrence of lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE). In this case-control study, Agena MassARRAY was used to genotype SLC6A4 polymorphisms of 91 LPE patients and 362 controls. Then, genetic model and haplotype analysis were utilised to explore the correlation between SLC6A4 polymorphisms and LPE risk. The results showed that allele T, genotype T/T and C/T-T/T of rs9303628 were significantly correlated with a decreased risk of LPE in allele (p = .009), co-dominant (p = .025) and dominant (p = .014) model respectively. Allele T and genotype C/T-T/T of rs2054847 reduced the risk of LPE in co-dominant (p = .015) and dominant (p = .030) models respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between Ars9303628 Crs2054847 haplotype and the decreased the risk of LPE (p = .010). In conclusion, this study firstly proved that the presence of rs9303628 and rs2054847 in SLC6A4 gene was a protective factor for the occurrence of LPE in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Defan Luo
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital to University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Cuiqing Pan
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongyao Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Housheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianbing Xu
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaowei Mo
- Ministry of Science and education, Hainan Women and Children`s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | | | - Weifu Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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20
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Zhou K, Song Y, Lu Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Liu K, Liu X. Association between 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene-linked promoter region polymorphism and the susceptibility of lifelong premature ejaculation: a meta-analysis involving 1,604 subjects. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1394-1404. [PMID: 32676424 PMCID: PMC7354312 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) gene and lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) risk was discussed widely for the last few years, which was still controversial and remained to be explored. We performed the meta-analysis with 8 reliable research, which were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. We also performed random and fixed effects models to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals respectively. By pooling all included studies, we found that SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was linked with significantly higher PE risk in Caucasian population (OR =0.635, 95% CI: 0.417–0.958, I2=0.311, P=0.035), and S-allele of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism increased the risk of LPE significantly in Asian population (OR =0.656, 95% CI: 0.539–0.799, I2=0.435, P<0.001). However, no significant was observed between 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and LPE risk in overall studies. Further studies were anticipated to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yongjiao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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21
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Turan Y, Gürel A. The heart rate recovery is impaired in participants with premature ejaculation. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13573. [PMID: 32189391 DOI: 10.1111/and.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common sexual disorders in men. Excessive activity of the sympathetic nervous system is considered as one of the pathological mechanisms of PE. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a noninvasive and easily applicable method for evaluating autonomic functions. We aimed to investigate the relationship between PE and HRR. This cross-sectional study included 42 consecutive patients with lifelong PE and 98 healthy volunteers. All participants underwent stress tests according to age-dependent target heart rates outlined in the Bruce protocol. When the maximal heart rate was reached in the stress test, intensive exercise was terminated and electrocardiographic records were obtained for 3 min in the cool-down period. The HRR indices were calculated by subtracting the heart rate at first, second and third minutes from the maximal HR. The two groups were similar in terms of age, body mass index, serum glucose and lipid parameters. HRR indices were significantly lower in the PE group compared with the control group (p < .05 for all). Common factors that affect equilibrium of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems may be involved in the PE and abnormal HRR etiopathogenesis. The cause-and-effect relationship can be more clearly demonstrated with large-scale, prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Turan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Gürel
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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