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Rong M, Gao SX, Wen D, Xu YH, Wei JH. The LOB domain protein, a novel transcription factor with multiple functions: A review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108922. [PMID: 39038384 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) protein, named for its LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) domain, is a member of a class of specific transcription factors commonly found in plants and is absent from all other groups of organisms. LBD TFs have been systematically identified in about 35 plant species and are involved in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. However, research on the signaling network and regulatory functions of LBD TFs is insufficient, and only a few members have been studied. Moreover, a comprehensive review of these existing studies is lacking. In this review, the structure, regulatory mechanism and function of LBD TFs in recent years were reviewed in order to better understand the role of LBD TFs in plant growth and development, and to provide a new perspective for the follow-up study of LBD TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi-Xi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine & Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, 570311, China.
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Qiu M, Tian M, Sun Y, Li H, Huang W, Ouyang H, Lin S, Zhang C, Wang M, Wang Y. Decoding the biochemical dialogue: metabolomic insights into soybean defense strategies against diverse pathogens. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2596-1. [PMID: 38965141 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Soybean, a crucial global leguminous crop, confronts persistent threats from diverse pathogens, exerting a profound impact on global yields. While genetic dimensions of soybean-pathogen interactions have garnered attention, the intricate biochemical responses remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we applied targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolite profiling to dissect the complex interplay between soybeans and five distinct pathogens. Our analysis uncovered 627 idMS/MS spectra, leading to the identification of four main modules, encompassing flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenoids, and amino acids and peptides, alongside other compounds such as phenolics. Profound shifts were observed in both primary and secondary metabolism in response to pathogenic infections. Particularly notable were the bidirectional changes in total flavonoids across diverse pathogenic inoculations, while triterpenoids exhibited a general declining trend. Noteworthy among the highly inducible total flavonoids were known representative anti-pathogen compounds (glyceollin I), backbone forms of isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, formononetin), and newly purified compounds in this study (prunin). Subsequently, we delved into the biological roles of these five compounds, validating their diverse functions against pathogens: prunin significantly inhibited the vegetative growth and virulence of Phytophthora sojae; genistein exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the vegetative growth and virulence of Phomopsis longicolla; daidzein and formononetin displayed significant repressive effects on the virulence of P. longicolla. This study underscores the potent utility of metabolomic tools, providing in-depth insights into plant-pathogen interactions from a biochemical perspective. The findings not only contribute to plant pathology but also offer strategic pathways for bolstering plant resistance against diseases on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengjun Tian
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huaibo Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haibing Ouyang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaoyan Lin
- China State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Deryabin A, Zhukova K, Naraikina N, Venzhik Y. Effect of Low Temperature on Content of Primary Metabolites in Two Wheat Genotypes Differing in Cold Tolerance. Metabolites 2024; 14:199. [PMID: 38668327 PMCID: PMC11052526 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of cold-tolerance mechanisms of wheat as a leading cereal crop is very relevant to science. Primary metabolites play an important role in the formation of increased cold tolerance. The aim of this research is to define changes in the content of primary metabolites (soluble proteins and sugars), growth, and photosynthetic apparatus of freezing-tolerant and cold-sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under optimal conditions and after prolonged (7 days) exposure to low temperature (4 °C). In order to gain a deeper comprehension of the mechanisms behind wheat genotypes' adaptation to cold, we determined the expression levels of photosynthetic genes (RbcS, RbcL) and genes encoding cold-regulated proteins (Wcor726, CBF14). The results indicated different cold-adaptation strategies of freezing-tolerant and cold-sustainable wheat genotypes, with soluble proteins and sugars playing a significant role in this process. In plants of freezing-tolerant genotypes, the strategy of adaptation to low temperature was aimed at increasing the content of soluble proteins and modification of carbohydrate metabolism. The accumulation of sugars was not observed in wheat of cold-sustainable genotypes during chilling, but a high content of soluble proteins was maintained both under optimal conditions and after cold exposure. The adaptation strategies of wheat genotypes differing in cold tolerance were related to the expression of photosynthetic genes and genes encoding cold-regulated proteins. The data improve our knowledge of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of wheat cold adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Deryabin
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia; (K.Z.); (N.N.); (Y.V.)
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Gao P, Qi Y, Li L, Yang S, Guo J, Liu J, Wei H, Huang F, Yu L. Phenylpropane biosynthesis and alkaloid metabolism pathways involved in resistance of Amorphophallus spp. against soft rot disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1334996. [PMID: 38444534 PMCID: PMC10912172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Soft rot of konjac (Amorphophallus spp.) is a devastating disease caused by the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) with serious adverse effects on plantation development, corm quality and crop yield due to the current lack of effective control measures. The main objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying plant resistance to soft rot disease. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) associated with plant hormones, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and, in particular, alkaloid metabolism, in Amorphophallus muelleri following Pcc infection compared with A. konjac, these data implicate alkaloid metabolism as the dominant mechanism underlying disease resistance of A. muelleri. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis further revealed involvement of PAL, CYP73A16, CCOAOMT1, RBOHD and CDPK20 genes in the response of konjac to Pcc. Analysis of the bacteriostatic activities of total alkaloid from A. muelleri validated the assumption that alkaloid metabolism positively regulates disease resistance of konjac. Our collective results provide a foundation for further research on the resistance mechanisms of konjac against soft rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feiyan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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Singh DP, Maurya S, Yerasu SR, Bisen MS, Farag MA, Prabha R, Shukla R, Chaturvedi KK, Farooqi MS, Srivastava S, Rai A, Sarma BK, Rai N, Behera TK. Metabolomics of early blight (Alternaria solani) susceptible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) unfolds key biomarker metabolites and involved metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21023. [PMID: 38030710 PMCID: PMC10687106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important commercial horticultural crops worldwide. The crop quality and production is largely hampered due to the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani causing necrotrophic foliage early blight disease. Crop plants usually respond to the biotic challenges with altered metabolic composition and physiological perturbations. We have deciphered altered metabolite composition, modulated metabolic pathways and identified metabolite biomarkers in A. solani-challenged susceptible tomato variety Kashi Aman using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics. Alteration in the metabolite feature composition of pathogen-challenged (m/z 9405) and non-challenged (m/z 9667) plant leaves including 8487 infection-exclusive and 8742 non-infection exclusive features was observed. Functional annotation revealed putatively annotated metabolites and pathway mapping indicated their enrichment in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinones, brassinosteroids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, oxy/sphingolipids and metabolism of biotin and porphyrin. PCA, multivariate PLS-DA and OPLS-DA analysis showed sample discrimination. Significantly up regulated 481 and down regulated 548 metabolite features were identified based on the fold change (threshold ≥ 2.0). OPLS-DA model based on variable importance in projection (VIP scores) and FC threshold (> 2.0) revealed 41 up regulated discriminant metabolite features annotated as sphingosine, fecosterol, melatonin, serotonin, glucose 6-phosphate, zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin-β-D-glucoside. Similarly, 23 down regulated discriminant metabolites included histidinol, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, propanoate, tyramine and linalool. Melatonin and serotonin in the leaves were the two indoleamines being reported for the first time in tomato in response to the early blight pathogen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based biomarker analysis identified apigenin-7-glucoside, uridine, adenosyl-homocysteine, cGMP, tyrosine, pantothenic acid, riboflavin (as up regulated) and adenosine, homocyctine and azmaline (as down regulated) biomarkers. These results could aid in the development of metabolite-quantitative trait loci (mQTL). Furthermore, stress-induced biosynthetic pathways may be the potential targets for modifications through breeding programs or genetic engineering for improving crop performance in the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | | | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Md Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Birinchi Kumar Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, India
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang L, Song G, Ni L, Xu M, Nie C, Li B, Bai Y. Analysis of the molecular composition of humic substances and their effects on physiological metabolism in maize based on untargeted metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122621. [PMID: 37284724 PMCID: PMC10239833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Humic substances (HSs), components of plant biostimulants, are known to influence plant physiological processes, nutrient uptake and plant growth, thereby increasing crop yield. However, few studies have focused on the impact of HS on overall plant metabolism, and there is still debate over the connection between HS' structural characteristics and their stimulatory actions. Methods In this study, two different HSs (AHA, Aojia humic acid and SHA, Shandong humic acid) screened in a previous experiment were chosen for foliar spraying, and plant samples were collected on the tenth day after spraying (62 days after germination) to investigate the effects of different HSs on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and overall metabolism in maize leaf. Results and discussion The results showed different molecular compositions for AHA and SHA and a total of 510 small molecules with significant differences were screened using an ESI-OPLC-MS techno. AHA and SHA exerted different effects on maize growth, with the AHA inducing more effective stimulation than the SHA doing. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that the phospholipid components of maize leaves treated by SHA generally increased significantly than that in the AHA and control treatments. Additionally, both HS-treated maize leaves exhibited different levels of accumulation of trans-zeatin, but SHA treatment significantly decreased the accumulation of zeatin riboside. Compared to CK treatment, AHA treatment resulted in the reorganization of four metabolic pathways: starch and sucrose metabolism, TCA cycle, stilbenes, diarylheptanes, and curcumin biosynthesis, and ABC transport, SHA treatment modified starch and sucrose metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that HSs exert their function through a multifaceted mechanism of action, partially connected to their hormone-like activity but also involving hormoneindependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guipei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caie Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Youlu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming in Plants under Pathogen Attacks, a Comprehensive Review of Emerging Metabolomics Technologies to Maximize Their Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030424. [PMID: 36984864 PMCID: PMC10055942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In their environment, plants interact with a multitude of living organisms and have to cope with a large variety of aggressions of biotic or abiotic origin. What has been known for several decades is that the extraordinary variety of chemical compounds the plants are capable of synthesizing may be estimated in the range of hundreds of thousands, but only a fraction has been fully characterized to be implicated in defense responses. Despite the vast importance of these metabolites for plants and also for human health, our knowledge about their biosynthetic pathways and functions is still fragmentary. Recent progress has been made particularly for the phenylpropanoids and oxylipids metabolism, which is more emphasized in this review. With an increasing interest in monitoring plant metabolic reprogramming, the development of advanced analysis methods should now follow. This review capitalizes on the advanced technologies used in metabolome mapping in planta, including different metabolomics approaches, imaging, flux analysis, and interpretation using bioinformatics tools. Advantages and limitations with regards to the application of each technique towards monitoring which metabolite class or type are highlighted, with special emphasis on the necessary future developments to better mirror such intricate metabolic interactions in planta.
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Li Z, Huang Q, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Shi W, Zeng Z. Kaempferitrin: A Flavonoid Marker to Distinguish Camellia oleifera Honey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020435. [PMID: 36678306 PMCID: PMC9867482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
C. oleifera is an economically important oilseed crop and medical plant. However, as a characteristic honey resource, the standard protocol used to identify the composition of C. oleifera honey has not been established yet. Previously, distinctive flavonoid has been shown as an effective marker to trace the botanical origin of honey. In this study, we examined the flavonoid types in C. oleifera honey and nine other monofloral honeys by using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared the differences and identified eight distinct flavonoids in C. oleifera honey. Then, comparing the 8 flavonoids with the 14 flavonoids common to C. oleifera honey and nectar, two distinct flavonoids were identified in C. oleifera honey and nectar. Finally, we identified kaempferitrin as the distinct flavonoid marker in C. oleifera honey using the degree of influence of the partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model on C. oleifera honey and ployfloral honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenkai Shi
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhijiang Zeng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8381-3998
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Castro-Moretti FR, Cocuron JC, Castillo-Gonzalez H, Escudero-Leyva E, Chaverri P, Guerreiro-Filho O, Slot JC, Alonso AP. A metabolomic platform to identify and quantify polyphenols in coffee and related species using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1057645. [PMID: 36684722 PMCID: PMC9852862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Products of plant secondary metabolism, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and hormones, play an important role in plant growth, development, stress resistance. The plant family Rubiaceae is extremely diverse and abundant in Central America and contains several economically important genera, e.g. Coffea and other medicinal plants. These are known for the production of bioactive polyphenols (e.g. caffeine and quinine), which have had major impacts on human society. The overall goal of this study was to develop a high-throughput workflow to identify and quantify plant polyphenols. METHODS First, a method was optimized to extract over 40 families of phytochemicals. Then, a high-throughput metabolomic platform has been developed to identify and quantify 184 polyphenols in 15 min. RESULTS The current metabolomics study of secondary metabolites was conducted on leaves from one commercial coffee variety and two wild species that also belong to the Rubiaceae family. Global profiling was performed using liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Features whose abundance was significantly different between coffee species were discriminated using statistical analysis and annotated using spectral databases. The identified features were validated by commercially available standards using our newly developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. DISCUSSION Caffeine, trigonelline and theobromine were highly abundant in coffee leaves, as expected. Interestingly, wild Rubiaceae leaves had a higher diversity of phytochemicals in comparison to commercial coffee: defense-related molecules, such as phenylpropanoids (e.g., cinnamic acid), the terpenoid gibberellic acid, and the monolignol sinapaldehyde were found more abundantly in wild Rubiaceae leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R. Castro-Moretti
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | - Humberto Castillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Efrain Escudero-Leyva
- School of Biology and Natural Products Research Center Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Alta Technologia-Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CeNAT-CONARE), National Center for Biotechnological Innovations (CENIBiot), San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- School of Biology and Natural Products Research Center Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jason C. Slot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Shokrollahi N, Ho CL, Mohd Zainudin NAI, Abdul Wahab MAB, Wong MY. Plant Defense Inducers and Antioxidant Metabolites Produced During Oil Palm-Ganoderma boninense Interaction In Vitro. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Comparative Analysis of Multiple GWAS Results Identifies Metabolic Pathways Associated with Resistance to A. flavus Infection and Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110738. [PMID: 36355988 PMCID: PMC9695789 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by several species of Aspergillus, including Aspergillus flavus, an important ear rot pathogen in maize. Most commercial corn hybrids are susceptible to infection by A. flavus, and aflatoxin contaminated grain causes economic damage to farmers. The creation of inbred lines resistant to Aspergillus fungal infection or the accumulation of aflatoxins would be aided by knowing the pertinent alleles and metabolites associated with resistance in corn lines. Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and association mapping studies have uncovered several dozen potential genes, but each with a small effect on resistance. Metabolic pathway analysis, using the Pathway Association Study Tool (PAST), was performed on aflatoxin accumulation resistance using data from four Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS). The present research compares the outputs of these pathway analyses and seeks common metabolic mechanisms underlying each. Genes, pathways, metabolites, and mechanisms highlighted here can contribute to improving phenotypic selection of resistant lines via measurement of more specific and highly heritable resistance-related traits and genetic gain via marker assisted or genomic selection with multiple SNPs linked to resistance-related pathways.
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Pretorius CJ, Steenkamp PA, Tugizimana F, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Metabolomic Characterisation of Discriminatory Metabolites Involved in Halo Blight Disease in Oat Cultivars Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030248. [PMID: 35323691 PMCID: PMC8950619 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolome is the underlying biochemical layer of the phenotype and offers a functional readout of the cellular mechanisms involved in a biological system. Since metabolites are considered end-products of regulatory processes at a cellular level, their levels are considered the definitive response of the biological system to genetic or environmental variations. The metabolome thus serves as a metabolic fingerprint of the biochemical events that occur in a biological system under specific conditions. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to elucidate biochemical processes implicated in oat plant responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens (Ps-c) infection, and to identify signatory markers related to defence responses and disease resistance against halo blight. Metabolic changes in two oat cultivars (“Dunnart” and “SWK001”) responding to Ps-c, were examined at the three-leaf growth stage and metabolome changes monitored over a four-day post-inoculation period. Hydromethanolic extracts were analysed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a high-definition mass spectrometer (MS) analytical platform. The acquired multi-dimensional data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis and chemometric modelling. The validated chemometric models indicated time- and cultivar-related metabolic changes, defining the host response to the bacterial inoculation. Further multivariate analyses of the data were performed to profile differential signatory markers, putatively associated with the type of launched defence response. These included amino acids, phenolics, phenolic amides, fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, saponins and plant hormones. Based on the results, metabolic alterations involved in oat defence responses to Ps-c were elucidated and key signatory metabolic markers defining the defence metabolome were identified. The study thus contributes toward a more holistic understanding of the oat metabolism under biotic stress.
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Yang W, Li H, Liu J, Shao H, Hua J, Luo S. Degraded Metabolites of Phlorizin Promote Germination of Valsa mali var. mali in its Host Malus spp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:149-156. [PMID: 34939801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi are able to utilize the principal metabolites of their hosts, which is one reason pathogens can so seriously harm the plants, although the mechanisms behind this utilization are not always clear. Valsa mali var. mali is a pathogenic fungus specific to the plant genus Malus. The fungus can seriously endanger apple crops and has caused serious economic losses. Phlorizin (1), the principal component in the stems, roots, and leaves of Malus pumila and M. sieversii, was able to promote spore germination of Valsa mali var. mali (Vmm-30) significantly over 120-168 h in a non-nutritional suspension. Compared with the control, the concentrations of nine phenolic compounds (3-11) in the stems of M. pumila increased after inoculation with Vmm-30. Moreover, compounds 3, 4, and 9-11 were able to promote the germination of Vmm-30 spores over 24-36 h, which was a significantly shorter time than that of phlorizin. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analyses further suggested that compounds 2-11 were the degradation products of phlorizin (1) and are produced through carbon oxidation cracking, decarboxylation, and oxidation reactions. This suggests that the degradation of phlorizin is able to effectively promote the growth of Vmm-30. The Vmm-30 strain is therefore able to utilize the principal metabolite phlorizin to generate a series of degradation products, which further promote its germination and the infection of its host plants in the genus Malus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Hongdi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Juan Hua
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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Guo H, Lyv Y, Zheng W, Yang C, Li Y, Wang X, Chen R, Wang C, Luo J, Qu L. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Two Metabolic Modules Affecting Seed Germination in Rice ( Oryza sativa). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120880. [PMID: 34940638 PMCID: PMC8707830 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of seed germination is crucial not only for the completion of the plant life cycle but also for agricultural production and food chemistry; however, the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism involved in this process is still far from being clearly revealed. In this study, one indica variety (Zhenshan 97, with rapid germination) and one japonica variety (Nipponbare, with slow germination) in rice were used for in-depth analysis of the metabolome at different germination stages (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after imbibition, HAI) and exploration of key metabolites/metabolic pathways. In total, 380 annotated metabolites were analyzed by using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based targeted method combined with a nontargeted metabolic profiling method. By using bioinformatics and statistical methods, the dynamic changes in metabolites during germination in the two varieties were compared. Through correlation analysis, coefficient of variation analysis and differential accumulation analysis, 74 candidate metabolites that may be closely related to seed germination were finally screened. Among these candidates, 29 members belong to the ornithine–asparagine–polyamine module and the shikimic acid–tyrosine–tryptamine–phenylalanine–flavonoid module. As the core member of the second module, shikimic acid’s function in the promotion of seed germination was confirmed by exogenous treatment. These results told that nitrogen flow and antioxidation/defense responses are potentially crucial for germinating seeds and seedlings. It deepens our understanding of the metabolic regulation mechanism of seed germination and points out the direction for our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Lyv
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Weikang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ridong Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (R.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.G.); (Y.L.); (W.Z.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Pretorius CJ, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery: Key Signatory Metabolic Profiles for the Identification and Discrimination of Oat Cultivars. Metabolites 2021; 11:165. [PMID: 33809127 PMCID: PMC8001698 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in crop introduction-or breeding programmes-requires cultivar identification and characterisation. Rapid identification methods would therefore greatly improve registration, breeding, seed, trade and inspection processes. Metabolomics has proven to be indispensable in interrogating cellular biochemistry and phenotyping. Furthermore, metabolic fingerprints are chemical maps that can provide detailed insights into the molecular composition of a biological system under consideration. Here, metabolomics was applied to unravel differential metabolic profiles of various oat (Avena sativa) cultivars (Magnifico, Dunnart, Pallinup, Overberg and SWK001) and to identify signatory biomarkers for cultivar identification. The respective cultivars were grown under controlled conditions up to the 3-week maturity stage, and leaves and roots were harvested for each cultivar. Metabolites were extracted using 80% methanol, and extracts were analysed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF) high-definition mass spectrometer analytical platform. The generated data were processed and analysed using multivariate statistical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) models were computed for both leaf and root data, with PCA score plots indicating cultivar-related clustering of the samples and pointing to underlying differential metabolic profiles of these cultivars. Further multivariate analyses were performed to profile differential signatory markers, which included carboxylic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, and associated derivatives) and flavonoids, among the respective cultivars. Based on the key signatory metabolic markers, the cultivars were successfully distinguished from one another in profiles derived from both leaves and roots. The study demonstrates that metabolomics can be used as a rapid phenotyping tool for cultivar differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (C.J.P.); (F.T.); (P.A.S.); (L.A.P.)
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Liu Y, Gong X, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Liu Z, Han J, Dong J, Gu S. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals insights into the dynamic responses of maize (Zea mays L.) to Setosphaeria turcica infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110811. [PMID: 33568308 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) production is severely affected by northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), which is a destructive foliar disease caused by Setosphaeria turcica. In recent years, studies on the interaction between maize and S. turcica have been focused at the transcription level, with no research yet at the protein level. Here, we applied tandem mass tag labelling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the proteomes of maize leaves at 24 h and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) with S. turcica. In total, 4740 proteins encoded by 4711 genes were quantified in this study. Clustering analyses provided an understanding of the dynamic reprogramming of leaves proteomes by revealing the functions of different proteins during S. turcica infection. Screening and classification of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) revealed that numerous defense-related proteins, including defense marker proteins and proteins related to the phenylpropanoid lignin biosynthesis, benzoxazine biosynthesis and the jasmonic acid signalling pathway, participated in the defense responses of maize to S. turcica infection. Furthermore, the earlier induction of GST family proteins contributed to the resistance to S. turcica. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network of DEPs suggests that some defense-related proteins, for example, ZmGEB1, a hub node, play key roles in defense responses against S. turcica infection. Our study findings provide insight into the complex responses triggered by S. turcica at the protein level and lay the foundation for studying the interaction process between maize and S. turcica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Zhenpan Liu
- Economic Forsetry Research Institute of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianmin Han
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Shouqin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China; Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei, 071001, China.
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Vrancheva R, Ivanov I, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Pavlov A. Triterpenoids and Other Non-Polar Compounds in Leaves of Wild and Cultivated Vaccinium Species. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010094. [PMID: 33466549 PMCID: PMC7824881 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to identify and quantify triterpenoids and other non-polar compounds in the leaves of three high bush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L. var. Bluegold, var. Bluecrop and var. Elliott) and three natural populations of Vaccinium species (Vaccinium uliginosum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Metabolite profiles differed significantly among the Vaccinium species analyzed, as well as among the populations of the same species. The populations of V. vitis-idaea predominantly contained relative concentrations of phytosterols (varying between 10.48% of total ion current (TIC) and 22.29% of TIC) and almost twice the content of triterpenes (from 29.84% of TIC to 49.62% of TIC) of the other berry species investigated. The leaves of V. corymbosum varieties biosynthesized the highest relative amount of fatty acids, while the leaves of the populations of V. uliginosum had the highest relative concentrations of fatty alcohols. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the diverse populations of each berry species analyzed differed from each other, most likely due to variations in the climatic and geographical conditions of their localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Vrancheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-8986-90599
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Papik J, Folkmanova M, Polivkova-Majorova M, Suman J, Uhlik O. The invisible life inside plants: Deciphering the riddles of endophytic bacterial diversity. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107614. [PMID: 32858117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria often promote plant growth and protect their host plant against pathogens, herbivores, and abiotic stresses including drought, increased salinity or pollution. Current agricultural practices are being challenged in terms of climate change and the ever-increasing demand for food. Therefore, the rational exploitation of bacterial endophytes to increase the productivity and resistance of crops appears to be very promising. However, the efficient and larger-scale use of bacterial endophytes for more effective and sustainable agriculture is hindered by very little knowledge on molecular aspects of plant-endophyte interactions and mechanisms driving bacterial communities in planta. In addition, since most of the information on bacterial endophytes has been obtained through culture-dependent techniques, endophytic bacterial diversity and its full biotechnological potential still remain highly unexplored. In this study, we discuss the diversity and role of endophytic populations as well as complex interactions that the endophytes have with the plant and vice versa, including the interactions leading to plant colonization. A description of biotic and abiotic factors influencing endophytic bacterial communities is provided, along with a summary of different methodologies suitable for determining the diversity of bacterial endophytes, mechanisms governing the assembly and structure of bacterial communities in the endosphere, and potential biotechnological applications of endophytes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Papik
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Folkmanova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Polivkova-Majorova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Suman
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lucini T, Panizzi AR. Electropenetrographic Comparison of Feeding Behavior of Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on Soybean and Spring Cereals. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1796-1803. [PMID: 32484540 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used electropenetrography to quantify and compare counts and durations of selected waveforms, produced by adult females of the stink bug Dichelops furcatus (F.). Insects fed on immature soybean pods and immature seed heads of four spring cereals: wheat, black oat, barley, and rye. On all foods, bugs spent over 60% of their plant access time in non-probing activities. This total waveform duration was significantly longer on barley and rye compared to those on soybean and oat; wheat was intermediate. Considering only probing activities, bugs spent longer durations (ca. 2×), on soybean and oat compared to barley, rye, and wheat plants. Bugs produced significantly more pathway events on soybean and rye than on wheat and barley; with a significantly shorter duration per event on rye. The counts and durations of xylem ingestion did not differ among foods. Cell rupturing activities on seeds were longer on soybean (ca. 23%) and oat (ca. 21%), than on barley and rye (ca. 6%). The durations of ingestion events on seeds were significantly shorter on soybean (over 3×) compared to those on barley and wheat; oat and rye were intermediate. However, the ingestion duration per insect did not show significant difference among foods. Results demonstrated that D. furcatus spent more time overall in probing activities on soybean and oat; whereas, rye and barley presented the worst feeding behavior. This study provides important background information for further quantitative studies of stink bugs on different plants, such as development of resistant host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lucini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Tang R, Gupta SK, Niu S, Li XQ, Yang Q, Chen G, Zhu W, Haroon M. Transcriptome analysis of heat stress response genes in potato leaves. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4311-4321. [PMID: 32488578 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress has a severe impact on potato growth and tuberization process, always resulting in the decrease of tuber yield and quality. Therefore, it is of great significance for potato breeding to illuminate the mechanism of heat stress on potato and explore heat resistant genes. In this study, two cDNA libraries from normal potato leaves (20 °C day/18 °C night) and potato leaves with 3 days of heat treatment (35 °C day/28 °C night) were constructed respectively. Totally, 1420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The expression patterns of 12 randomly selected genes detected using droplet digital PCR agreed with the sequencing data. Gene ontology analysis showed that these DEGs were clustered into 49 different GO types, reflecting the functional diversity of the heat stress response genes. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment showed the potential biological pathways in which the DEGs were involved, indicating that these pathways may be involved in heat tolerance regulation. Most potato heat transcription factors (StHsfs) and heat shock proteins (StHsps) were not expressed efficiently based on expression profile of these DEGs. StHsp26-CP and StHsp70 were markedly increased after 3 days of heat treatment. These data will be useful for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of potato plant tolerance to heat stress and provide a basis for breeding heat-tolerance varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Sanjay K Gupta
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Bufford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Suyan Niu
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada.,Institute of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Li
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada.
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Guanshui Chen
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenjiao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada
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Wang D, Shi X, Liu D, Yang Y, Shang Z. Transcriptome Profiling Revealed Potentially Critical Roles for Digestion and Defense-Related Genes in Insects' Use of Resistant Host Plants: A Case Study with Sitobion Avenae. INSECTS 2020; 11:E90. [PMID: 32019207 PMCID: PMC7074007 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using host plant resistance (HPR) in management of insect pests is often environmentally friendly and suitable for sustainable development of agricultural industries. However, this strategy can be limited by rapid evolution of insect populations that overcome HPR, for which the underlying molecular factors and mechanisms are not well understood. To address this issue, we analyzed transcriptomes of two distinct biotypes of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), on wheat and barley. This analysis revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between biotypes 1 and 3 on wheat and barley. The majority of them were common DEGs occurring on both wheat and barley. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for these common DEGs demonstrated significant expression divergence between both biotypes in genes associated with digestion and defense. Top defense-related common DEGs with the most significant expression changes included three peroxidases, two UGTs (UDP-glycosyltransferase), two cuticle proteins, one glutathione S-transferases (GST), one superoxide dismutase, and one esterase, suggesting their potentially critical roles in the divergence of S. avenae biotypes. A relatively high number of specific DEGs on wheat were identified for peroxidases (9) and P450s (8), indicating that phenolic compounds and hydroxamic acids may play key roles in resistance of wheat against S. avenae. Enrichment of specific DEGs on barley for P450s and ABC transporters suggested their key roles in this aphid's detoxification against secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids) in barley. Our results can provide insights into the molecular factors and functions that explain biotype adaptation in insects and their use of resistant plants. This study also has significant implications for developing new resistant cultivars, developing strategies that limit rapid development of insect biotypes, and extending resistant crop cultivars' durability and sustainability in integrated management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zheming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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22
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Azizi P, Osman M, Hanafi MM, Sahebi M, Yusop MR, Taheri S. Adaptation of the metabolomics profile of rice after Pyricularia oryzae infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:466-479. [PMID: 31655345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae), one of the most devastating fungal pathogens, is the cause of blast disease in rice. Infection with a blast fungus induces biological responses in the host plant that lead to its survival through the termination or suppression of pathogen growth, and metabolite compounds play vital roles in plant interactions with a wide variety of other organisms. Numerous studies have indicated that rice has a multi-layered plant immune system that includes pre-developed (e.g., cell wall and phytoanticipins), constitutive and inducible (phytoalexins) defence barriers against stresses. Significant progress towards understanding the basis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the defence responses of rice to P. oryzae has been achieved. Nonetheless, even though the important metabolites in the responses of rice to pathogens have been identified, their exact mechanisms and their contributions to plant immunity against blast fungi have not been elucidated. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent advances towards the understanding of the integrated metabolite variations in rice after P. oryzae invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Azizi
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Osman
- Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology (MIGHT), Prime Minister's Department, MIGHT Partnership Hub, Jalan Impact, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Musa Hanafi
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mahbod Sahebi
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafii Yusop
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sima Taheri
- Centre of Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Allelopathic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Secale Cereale Cultivars and Its Relationship with Seeding Density. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effect of Secale cereale cultivars on different weeds that grow in the cultivated fields of Perilla frutescens. Two S. cereale cultivars, Paldong and Singhi, were used to test the allelopathic effect on in vitro grown Digitaria ciliaris, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus lividus, Portulaca oleracea, Pinellia ternata and Commelina communis. The results indicated that S. cereale extracts affect callus growth of weeds in terms of fresh weight and percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibitory effects of both S. cereale cultivars combined with grass cover extracts were higher than using grass weeds alone. Concentrations of all identified phenolic compounds were significantly higher in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Particularly, syringic acid in leaves extract of the Paldong cultivar were 12.87-fold higher than in the Singhi cultivar. The other predominant phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were 3.30, 4.63, 3.11, and 1.28 times higher, respectively, in the leaves extracts of Paldong compared to Singhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) results indicated that the composition of phenolic compounds was significantly related to cultivar types and plant parts used. In addition, biomass increase caused increased weed inhibitory capacity of S. cereale both in tillage and no-tillage regimes. These results suggest that the biomass of cover crops negatively influenced weed density.
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24
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Fowotade SA, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Sulaiman Y, Abd Rahman SF. Enhanced electrochemical sensing of secondary metabolites in oil palms for early detection of Ganoderma boninense based on novel nanoparticle-chitosan functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube platform. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Huang X, Liu D, Zhang R, Shi X. Transcriptional Responses in Defense-Related Genes of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding on Wheat and Barley. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:382-395. [PMID: 30339225 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many aphids can adapt on plants of differential resistance levels, but molecular interactions underlying host plant utilization and shift of aphids are still not well understood. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome and compared global gene expression profiles of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) feeding on wheat (i.e., the susceptible plant) and barley (i.e., the resistant plant). In total, 65,200 high-quality unigenes were identified from the merged transcriptomes, and 861 of them were differentially expressed. Relative to their expression on barley, all differentially expressed P450 (cytochrome 450 monooxygenase) genes (e.g., SavCYP6A13, SavCYP4C1, and SavCYP4G15) in S. avenae on wheat were upregulated, suggesting the significance of P450s in xenobiotic metabolism for this aphid on wheat. For S. avenae on barley, some genes encoding for ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (e.g., ABCG1, ABCG4, ABCB7, and ABCA5) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs; e.g., UGT2B1 and UGT2C1) showed a dramatic increase in expression, suggesting that ABC transporters and UGTs could be critical for detoxification metabolism in S. avenae on barley. In addition, the expression for nearly all differentially expressed proteases was upregulated for S. avenae on barley, reflecting xenobiotic challenges facing S. avenae on resistant barley. Thus, various detoxification and other defense-related genes (e.g., proteases and oxidases) showed highly inducible transcript regulation, suggesting great adaptive potential for S. avenae on different plants. All the abovementioned genes will be prime candidates for further studies of molecular interactions underlying host plant use and specialization in this aphid. Our results provide insights into aphids' defenses against variable phytochemicals, and the molecular basis underlying aphid-plant interactions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Mareya CR, Tugizimana F, Piater LA, Madala NE, Steenkamp PA, Dubery IA. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Defensome-Related Metabolic Reprogramming in Sorghum bicolor against Infection by Burkholderia andropogonis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9010008. [PMID: 30609758 PMCID: PMC6359421 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia andropogonis is the causal agent of bacterial leaf stripe, one of the three major bacterial diseases affecting Sorghum bicolor. However, the biochemical aspects of the pathophysiological host responses are not well understood. An untargeted metabolomics approach was designed to understand molecular mechanisms underlying S. bicolor⁻B. andropogonis interactions. At the 4-leaf stage, two sorghum cultivars (NS 5511 and NS 5655) differing in disease tolerance, were infected with B. andropogonis and the metabolic changes monitored over time. The NS 5511 cultivar displayed delayed signs of wilting and lesion progression compared to the NS 5655 cultivar, indicative of enhanced resistance. The metabolomics results identified statistically significant metabolites as biomarkers associated with the sorghum defence. These include the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and zeatin. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming in an array of chemically diverse metabolites that span a wide range of metabolic pathways was associated with the defence response. Signatory biomarkers included aromatic amino acids, shikimic acid, metabolites from the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, as well as fatty acids. Enhanced synthesis and accumulation of apigenin and derivatives thereof was a prominent feature of the altered metabolomes. The analyses revealed an intricate and dynamic network of the sorghum defence arsenal towards B. andropogonis in establishing an enhanced defensive capacity in support of resistance and disease suppression. The results pave the way for future analysis of the biosynthesis of signatory biomarkers and regulation of relevant metabolic pathways in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity R Mareya
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Steenkamp
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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27
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Rempelos L, Almuayrifi AM, Baranski M, Tetard-Jones C, Eyre M, Shotton P, Cakmak I, Ozturk L, Cooper J, Volakakis N, Schmidt C, Sufar E, Wang J, Wilkinson A, Rosa EAS, Zhao B, Rose TJ, Leifert C, Bilsborrow P. Effects of Agronomic Management and Climate on Leaf Phenolic Profiles, Disease Severity, and Grain Yield in Organic and Conventional Wheat Production Systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10369-10379. [PMID: 30095898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural intensification over the last 40 years has increased cereal yields, but there is very limited information on the effects of intensification practices (e.g., nondiverse rotations, mineral NPK fertilizer, and pesticides) on crop health and quality. Results from the study reported here suggest that the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs. In contrast, the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations. The use of composted FYM inputs also resulted in a significant grain yield reduction and not substantially reduced the severity of opportunistic pathogens such as Septoria, which remain a major yield limiting factor unless fungicides are used and/or more Septoria resistant varieties become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Rempelos
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Abujawad M Almuayrifi
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
- Laboratories Management & Environmental Research , Almadinah Regional Manuicipality , Medina , 2020 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcin Baranski
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Catherine Tetard-Jones
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Mick Eyre
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Peter Shotton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Sabanci University , 34956 Tuzla/Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Levent Ozturk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Sabanci University , 34956 Tuzla/Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Julia Cooper
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Nikolaos Volakakis
- Geokomi plc, Agriculture Consultancy , P. O. Box 21, Sivas-Faistos , Crete GR 70200 , Greece
| | - Christoph Schmidt
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses , Institute of Botany ASCR , 252 43 Průhonice-Chotobuz , Czech Republic
| | - Enas Sufar
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Andrew Wilkinson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
- Gilchesters Organics , Gilchesters , Hawkwell, Northumberland , NE18 0QL , U.K
| | - Eduardo A S Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences , Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD) , 5001-801 , Vila Real , Portugal
| | - Bingqiang Zhao
- Fertilizer and Fertilization Group, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning (IARRP) , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS) , No. 12 Zhongguancun South St. , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , P.R. China
| | - Terry J Rose
- Centre for Organics Research , Southern Cross University , Military Road , Lismore , New South Wales 2480 , Australia
| | - Carlo Leifert
- Centre for Organics Research , Southern Cross University , Military Road , Lismore , New South Wales 2480 , Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica 0372 , Oslo , Norway
| | - Paul Bilsborrow
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear , NE1 7RU , U.K
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28
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Islam MT, Hussain HI, Rookes JE, Cahill DM. Transcriptome analysis, using RNA-Seq of Lomandra longifolia roots infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi reveals the complexity of the resistance response. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:130-142. [PMID: 28881083 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamon the causal agent of disease in numerous species, is a major threat to natural vegetation and has economic impacts in agriculture. The pathogen principally invades the root system, which, in susceptible species, is rapidly colonised and functionally destroyed. Few species are resistant, however, where resistance is expressed the pathogen is restricted to small, localised lesions. The molecular mechanisms that underpin this response in resistant species are not well understood. Lomandra longifolia, an Australian native species, is highly resistant to P. cinnamomi. In an earlier study, we showed induction of resistance-related components such as callose, lignin and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in L. longifolia roots that had been inoculated with P. cinnamomi. Here, in order to further identify, during the very early stages of infection, the molecular components and regulatory networks that may trigger resistance, a comprehensive root transcriptome analysis was performed using next generation sequencing. Overall, 18 cDNA libraries were produced generating 52.8 GB 126 base pair reads, which were de novo assembled into contigs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified allowing the identification of infection-responsive candidate genes that were putatively related to resistance, and from this set ten were selected for qRT-PCR to validate the RNA-Seq expression value. Further analysis of individual candidates revealed that many were involved in PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI; pattern recognition receptors, glutathione S-transferase, callose synthases, pathogenesis-related protein-1, mitogen activated protein kinases) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) (NBS-LRR, signalling genes, transcription factors and anti-pathogenic compound synthase genes). As these candidate genes or mediated components activate different defence signalling systems, they may have potential for investigation of novel approaches to disease control and in transgenic approaches for improvement, in susceptible species, of resistance to P. cinnamomi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Islam
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - H I Hussain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - J E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - D M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
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Blasi ÉAR, Buffon G, Rativa AGS, Lopes MCB, Berger M, Santi L, Lavallée-Adam M, Yates JR, Schwambach J, Beys-da-Silva WO, Sperotto RA. High infestation levels of Schizotetranychus oryzae severely affects rice metabolism. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:100-111. [PMID: 29096082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High levels of Schizotetranychus oryzae phytophagous mite infestation on rice leaves can severely affect productivity. Physiological characterization showed that S. oryzae promotes a decrease in chlorophyll concentration and the establishment of a senescence process in rice leaves. Late-infested leaves also present high levels of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, along with high levels of membrane integrity loss, which is indicative of cell death. To better understand the rice molecular responses to high levels of mite infestation, we employed the Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) approach to identify differentially expressed proteins. We identified 83 and 88 proteins uniquely present in control and late-infested leaves, respectively, along with 11 and one proteins more abundant in control and late-infested leaves, respectively. S. oryzae infestation induces a decreased abundance of proteins related to translation, protease inhibition, and photosynthesis. On the other hand, infestation caused increased abundance of proteins involved in protein modification and degradation. Our results also suggest that S. oryzae infestation interferes with intracellular transport, DNA structure maintenance, and amino acid and lipid metabolism in rice leaves. Proteomic data were positively correlated with enzymatic assays and RT-qPCR analysis. Our findings describe the protein expression patterns of late-infested rice leaves and suggest several targets which could be tested in future biotechnological approaches aiming to avoid the population increase of phytophagous mite in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Édina A R Blasi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), University of Taquari Valley - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Giseli Buffon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), University of Taquari Valley - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Angie G S Rativa
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), University of Taquari Valley - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Mara C B Lopes
- Setor de Melhoramento Genético, Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz (IRGA), Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
| | - Markus Berger
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CPE - HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CPE - HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (CPE - HCPA/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raul A Sperotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), University of Taquari Valley - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), University of Taquari Valley - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Malik S. Enhancement of Medicinally Important Bioactive Compounds in Hairy Root Cultures of Glycyrrhiza, Rauwolfia, and Solanum Through In Vitro Stress Application. PRODUCTION OF PLANT DERIVED NATURAL COMPOUNDS THROUGH HAIRY ROOT CULTURE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7121597 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69769-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of secondary metabolites through elicitation in hairy root culture is a very effective method which is broadly used to simulate the stress responses in plants. Elicitors are compounds that induce plants to produce secondary metabolites at elevated levels and reduce the processing time required to achieve high product concentrations. Hairy root cultures are considered as an excellent alternative for the supply of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites/bioactives, due to their inherent genetic and biochemical stability. Plant-based secondary metabolites are well accepted in India as well as other countries to cure even the serious medical problems. In this chapter, three medicinally important plants are discussed in which stress-based elicitation of secondary metabolites has been achieved in hairy root cultures. These three plants contain important secondary metabolites in their different parts. Glycyrrhizin found in Glycyrrhiza glabra plant is used as antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory. Glycyrrhizin is also effective against HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like viruses. In Solanum plant, steroidal glycoalkaloids contain pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. Solasodine, a major alkaloid of Solanum plant, is used as a contraceptive in different parts of the world. Ajmaline and ajmalicine are important root-specific indole alkaloids of Rauwolfia serpentina. Ajmalicine is useful in circulatory disorders, while ajmaline is principally known for its antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive activities. The main objective of this chapter is to provide knowledge in these plants regarding elicitation-based enhancement of valuable secondary metabolites in the form of research studies conducted till date (as per author’s knowledge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Malik
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, Maranhão Brazil
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31
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Sheshadri SA, Nishanth MJ, Simon B. Stress-Mediated cis-Element Transcription Factor Interactions Interconnecting Primary and Specialized Metabolism in planta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1725. [PMID: 27933071 PMCID: PMC5122738 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites are being used worldwide as therapeutic agents against several diseases. Since the precursors for specialized metabolites come through primary metabolism, extensive investigations have been carried out to understand the detailed connection between primary and specialized metabolism at various levels. Stress regulates the expression of primary and specialized metabolism genes at the transcriptional level via transcription factors binding to specific cis-elements. The presence of varied cis-element signatures upstream to different stress-responsive genes and their transcription factor binding patterns provide a prospective molecular link among diverse metabolic pathways. The pattern of occurrence of these cis-elements (overrepresentation/common) decipher the mechanism of stress-responsive upregulation of downstream genes, simultaneously forming a molecular bridge between primary and specialized metabolisms. Though many studies have been conducted on the transcriptional regulation of stress-mediated primary or specialized metabolism genes, but not much data is available with regard to cis-element signatures and transcription factors that simultaneously modulate both pathway genes. Hence, our major focus would be to present a comprehensive analysis of the stress-mediated interconnection between primary and specialized metabolism genes via the interaction between different transcription factors and their corresponding cis-elements. In future, this study could be further utilized for the overexpression of the specific transcription factors that upregulate both primary and specialized metabolism, thereby simultaneously improving the yield and therapeutic content of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bindu Simon
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
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Majeská Čudejková M, Vojta P, Valík J, Galuszka P. Quantitative and qualitative transcriptome analysis of four industrial strains of Claviceps purpurea with respect to ergot alkaloid production. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:743-754. [PMID: 26827914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Claviceps purpurea is a biotrophic phytopathogen widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for its ability to produce ergot alkaloids (EAs). The fungus attacks unfertilized ovaries of grasses and forms sclerotia, which represent the only type of tissue where the synthesis of EAs occurs. The biosynthetic pathway of EAs has been extensively studied; however, little is known concerning its regulation. Here, we present the quantitative transcriptome analysis of the sclerotial and mycelial tissues providing a comprehensive view of transcriptional differences between the tissues that produce EAs and those that do not produce EAs and the pathogenic and non-pathogenic lifestyle. The results indicate metabolic changes coupled with sclerotial differentiation, which are likely needed as initiation factors for EA biosynthesis. One of the promising factors seems to be oxidative stress. Here, we focus on the identification of putative transcription factors and regulators involved in sclerotial differentiation, which might be involved in EA biosynthesis. To shed more light on the regulation of EA composition, whole transcriptome analysis of four industrial strains differing in their alkaloid spectra was performed. The results support the hypothesis proposing the composition of the amino acid pool in sclerotia to be an important factor regulating the final structure of the ergopeptines produced by Claviceps purpurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Majeská Čudejková
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vojta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Valík
- Teva Czech Industries s.r.o., Ostravská 305/29, 747 70 Opava-Komárov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Galuszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Tongsri V, Songkumarn P, Sangchote S. Leaf Spot Characteristics of Phomopsis Durionis on Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murray) and Latent Infection of the Pathogen. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201664010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ding X, Yang M, Huang H, Chuan Y, He X, Li C, Zhu Y, Zhu S. Priming maize resistance by its neighbors: activating 1,4-benzoxazine-3-ones synthesis and defense gene expression to alleviate leaf disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:830. [PMID: 26528303 PMCID: PMC4600908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease can be effectively suppressed in intercropping systems. Our previous study demonstrated that neighboring maize plants can restrict the spread of soil-borne pathogens of pepper plants by secreting defense compounds into the soil. However, whether maize plant can receive benefits from its neighboring pepper plants in an intercropping system is little attention. We examined the effects of maize roots treated with elicitors from the pepper pathogen Phytophthora capsici and pepper root exudates on the synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazine-3-ones (BXs), the expression of defense-related genes in maize, and their ability to alleviate the severity of southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) caused by Bipolaris maydis. We found that SCLB was significantly reduced after the above treatments. The contents of 1,4-benzoxazine-3-ones (BXs: DIBOA, DIMBOA, and MBOA) and the expression levels of BX synthesis and defense genes in maize roots and shoots were up-regulated. DIMBOA and MBOA effectively inhibited the mycelium growth of Bipolaris maydis at physiological concentrations in maize shoots. Further studies suggested that the defense related pathways or genes in maize roots and shoots were activated by elicitors from the P. capsici or pepper root exudates. In conclusion, maize increased the levels of BXs and defense gene expression both in roots and shoots after being triggered by root exudates and pathogen from neighboring pepper plants, eventually enhancing its resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming, China
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Pusztahelyi T, Holb IJ, Pócsi I. Secondary metabolites in fungus-plant interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:573. [PMID: 26300892 PMCID: PMC4527079 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungi and plants are rich sources of thousands of secondary metabolites. The genetically coded possibilities for secondary metabolite production, the stimuli of the production, and the special phytotoxins basically determine the microscopic fungi-host plant interactions and the pathogenic lifestyle of fungi. The review introduces plant secondary metabolites usually with antifungal effect as well as the importance of signaling molecules in induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance processes. The review also concerns the mimicking of plant effector molecules like auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acid by fungal secondary metabolites that modulate plant growth or even can subvert the plant defense responses such as programmed cell death to gain nutrients for fungal growth and colonization. It also looks through the special secondary metabolite production and host selective toxins of some significant fungal pathogens and the plant response in form of phytoalexin production. New results coming from genome and transcriptional analyses in context of selected fungal pathogens and their hosts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre J. Holb
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Horticulture, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of SciencesDebrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
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Pedras MSC, Yaya EE. Plant Chemical Defenses: Are all Constitutive Antimicrobial Metabolites Phytoanticipins? Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical perspective on phytoanticipins, constitutive plant secondary metabolites with defensive roles against microbes is presented. This mini-review focuses on the chemical groups and structural types of defensive plant metabolites thus far not reviewed from the phytoanticipin perspective: i) fatty acid derivatives and polyketides, ii) terpenoids, iii) shikimates, phenylpropanoids and derivatives, and iv) benzylisoquinoline and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The more traditional groups of phytoanticipins are briefly summarized, with particular focus on the latest results: i) benzoxazinoids, ii) cyanogenic glycosides, iii) glucosinolates and their metabolic products, and iv) saponins. Current evidence suggests that a better understanding of the functions of plant metabolites will drive their application to protect crops against microbial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Soledade C. Pedras
- Department of Chemistry, 110 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 Canada
| | - Estifanos E. Yaya
- Department of Chemistry, 110 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9 Canada
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Winterberg B, Du Fall LA, Song X, Pascovici D, Care N, Molloy M, Ohms S, Solomon PS. The necrotrophic effector protein SnTox3 re-programs metabolism and elicits a strong defence response in susceptible wheat leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:215. [PMID: 25123935 PMCID: PMC4243954 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungus Stagonospora nodorum is a necrotrophic pathogen of wheat. It causes disease by secreting proteinaceous effectors which interact with proteins encoded by dominant susceptibility genes in the host. The outcome of these interactions results in necrosis, allowing the fungus to thrive on dead plant material. The mechanisms of these effectors though are poorly understood. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomic and metabolomic approach to understand how a susceptible wheat cultivar responds to exposure to the Stagonospora nodorum effector protein SnTox3. RESULTS Microarray and proteomic studies revealed that SnTox3 strongly induced responses consistent with those previously associated with classical host defence pathways including the expression of pathogenicity-related proteins and the induction of cell death. Collapse of the photosynthetic machinery was also apparent at the transcriptional and translational level. SnTox3-infiltrated wheat leaves also showed a strong induction of enzymes involved in primary metabolism consistent with increases in hexoses, amino acids and organic acids as determined by primary metabolite profiling. Methionine and homocysteine metabolism was strongly induced upon exposure to SnTox3. Pathogenicity in the presence of homocysteine was inhibited confirming that the compound has a role in plant defence. Consistent with the strong defence responses observed, secondary metabolite profiling revealed the induction of several compounds associated with plant defence, including the phenylpropanoids chlorogenic acid and feruloylquinic acid, and the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. Serotonin did not accumulate subsequent to SnTox3 infiltration. CONCLUSIONS These data support the theory that the SnTox3 effector protein elicits a host cell death response to facilitate the pathogen's necrotrophic infection cycle. Our data also demonstrate that the mechanism of SnTox3 appears distinct from the previously characterised Stagonospora nodorum effector SnToxA. Collectively, this comprehensive analysis has advanced our understanding of necrotrophic effector biology and highlighted the complexity of effector-triggered susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Winterberg
- />Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Lauren A Du Fall
- />Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Xiaomin Song
- />Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- />Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Natasha Care
- />Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Mark Molloy
- />Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Stephen Ohms
- />Molecular Bioscience Division, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Peter S Solomon
- />Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
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Differential gene expression and metabolomic analyses of Brachypodium distachyon infected by deoxynivalenol producing and non-producing strains of Fusarium graminearum. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:629. [PMID: 25063396 PMCID: PMC4124148 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is one of the major diseases of small-grain cereals including bread wheat. This disease both reduces yields and causes quality losses due to the production of deoxynivalenol (DON), the major type B trichothecene mycotoxin. DON has been described as a virulence factor enabling efficient colonization of spikes by the fungus in wheat, but its precise role during the infection process is still elusive. Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) is a model cereal species which has been shown to be susceptible to FHB. Here, a functional genomics approach was performed in order to characterize the responses of Bd to Fg infection using a global transcriptional and metabolomic profiling of B. distachyon plants infected by two strains of F. graminearum: a wild-type strain producing DON (Fgdon+) and a mutant strain impaired in the production of the mycotoxin (Fgdon-). RESULTS Histological analysis of the interaction of the Bd21 ecotype with both Fg strains showed extensive fungal tissue colonization with the Fgdon+ strain while the florets infected with the Fgdon- strain exhibited a reduced hyphal extension and cell death on palea and lemma tissues. Fungal biomass was reduced in spikes inoculated with the Fgdon- strain as compared with the wild-type strain. The transcriptional analysis showed that jasmonate and ethylene-signalling pathways are induced upon infection, together with genes encoding putative detoxification and transport proteins, antioxidant functions as well as secondary metabolite pathways. In particular, our metabolite profiling analysis showed that tryptophan-derived metabolites, tryptamine, serotonin, coumaroyl-serotonin and feruloyl-serotonin, are more induced upon infection by the Fgdon+ strain than by the Fgdon- strain. Serotonin was shown to exhibit a slight direct antimicrobial effect against Fg. CONCLUSION Our results show that Bd exhibits defense hallmarks similar to those already identified in cereal crops. While the fungus uses DON as a virulence factor, the host plant preferentially induces detoxification and the phenylpropanoid and phenolamide pathways as resistance mechanisms. Together with its amenability in laboratory conditions, this makes Bd a very good model to study cereal resistance mechanisms towards the major disease FHB.
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Du Fall LA, Solomon PS. The necrotrophic effector SnToxA induces the synthesis of a novel phytoalexin in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:185-200. [PMID: 23782173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis produce the effector ToxA that interacts with the dominant susceptibility gene in wheat, Tsn1. However, the way in which ToxA induces cell death and causes disease is unclear. Here, we performed comprehensive metabolite profiling of ToxA-infiltrated wheat (Triticum aestivum) to observe the secondary metabolite response to this effector. A strong induction of secondary metabolism subsequent to SnToxA infiltration was observed, including the monoamine serotonin. We established a novel role for serotonin as a phytoalexin in wheat and demonstrated that serotonin strongly inhibited sporulation of S. nodorum. Microscopy revealed that serotonin interferes with spore formation and maturation within pycnidial structures of the fungus. Subsequent analysis of S. nodorum exposed to serotonin revealed metabolites changes previously associated with sporulation, including trehalose and alternariol. Furthermore, we identified significantly lower concentrations of serotonin during infection compared with infiltration with ToxA, providing evidence that S. nodorum may suppress plant defence. This is the first study demonstrating induction of plant secondary metabolites in response to a necrotrophic effector that have significant antifungal potential against the pathogen. While it is generally accepted that necrotrophs exploit host cell responses, the current research strengthens the notion that necrotrophs require mechanisms to overcome plant defence to survive initial stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Du Fall
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Peter S Solomon
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Benzoxazinoids in rye allelopathy - from discovery to application in sustainable weed control and organic farming. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:154-74. [PMID: 23385365 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The allelopathic potency of rye (Secale cereale L.) is due mainly to the presence of phytotoxic benzoxazinones-compounds whose biosynthesis is developmentally regulated, with the highest accumulation in young tissue and a dependency on cultivar and environmental influences. Benzoxazinones can be released from residues of greenhouse-grown rye at levels between 12 and 20 kg/ha, with lower amounts exuded by living plants. In soil, benzoxazinones are subject to a cascade of transformation reactions, and levels in the range 0.5-5 kg/ha have been reported. Starting with the accumulation of less toxic benzoxazolinones, the transformation reactions in soil primarily lead to the production of phenoxazinones, acetamides, and malonamic acids. These reactions are associated with microbial activity in the soil. In addition to benzoxazinones, benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) has been investigated for phytotoxic effects in weeds and crops. Exposure to BOA affects transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome patterns of the seedlings, inhibits germination and growth, and can induce death of sensitive species. Differences in the sensitivity of cultivars and ecotypes are due to different species-dependent strategies that have evolved to cope with BOA. These strategies include the rapid activation of detoxification reactions and extrusion of detoxified compounds. In contrast to sensitive ecotypes, tolerant ecotypes are less affected by exposure to BOA. Like the original compounds BOA and MBOA, all exuded detoxification products are converted to phenoxazinones, which can be degraded by several specialized fungi via the Fenton reaction. Because of their selectivity, specific activity, and presumably limited persistence in the soil, benzoxazinoids or rye residues are suitable means for weed control. In fact, rye is one of the best cool season cover crops and widely used because of its excellent weed suppressive potential. Breeding of benzoxazinoid resistant crops and of rye with high benzoxazinoid contents, as well as a better understanding of the soil persistence of phenoxazinones, of the weed resistance against benzoxazinoids, and of how allelopathic interactions are influenced by cultural practices, would provide the means to include allelopathic rye varieties in organic cropping systems for weed control.
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Balmer D, Flors V, Glauser G, Mauch-Mani B. Metabolomics of cereals under biotic stress: current knowledge and techniques. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:82. [PMID: 23630531 PMCID: PMC3632780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prone to attacks by pathogens and pests, plants employ intricate chemical defense mechanisms consisting of metabolic adaptations. However, many plant attackers are manipulating the host metabolism to counteract defense responses and to induce favorable nutritional conditions. Advances in analytical chemistry have allowed the generation of extensive metabolic profiles during plant-pathogen and pest interactions. Thereby, metabolic processes were found to be highly specific for given tissues, species, and plant-pathogen/pest interactions. The clusters of identified compounds not only serve as base in the quest of novel defense compounds, but also as markers for the characterization of the plants' defensive state. The latter is especially useful in agronomic applications where meaningful markers are essential for crop protection. Cereals such as maize make use of their metabolic arsenal during both local and systemic defense responses, and the chemical response is highly adapted to specific attackers. Here, we summarize highlights and recent findings of metabolic patterns of cereals under pathogen and pest attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Balmer
- Institute of Biology, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Brigitte Mauch-Mani, University of Neuchâtel, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. e-mail:
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume ICastellón, Spain
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Chemical Analytical Service of the Swiss Plant Science Web, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Institute of Biology, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Brigitte Mauch-Mani, University of Neuchâtel, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. e-mail:
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