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Kheirkhah Barzoki A. Optimization of passive micromixers: effects of pillar configuration and gaps on mixing efficiency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16245. [PMID: 39009602 PMCID: PMC11251160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical bioreactions play a significant role in many of the microfluidic devices, and their applications in biomedical science have seen substantial growth. Given that effective mixing is vital for initiating biochemical reactions in many applications, micromixers have become increasingly prevalent for high-throughput assays. In this research, a numerical study using the finite element method was conducted to examine the fluid flow and mass transfer characteristics in novel micromixers featuring an array of pillars. The study utilized two-dimensional geometries. The impact of pillar configuration on mixing performance was evaluated using concentration distribution and mixing index as key metrics. The study explores the effects of pillar array design on mixing performance and pressure drop, drawing from principles such as contraction-expansion and split-recombine. Two configurations of pillar arrays, slanted and arrowhead, are introduced, each undergoing investigation regarding parameters such as pillar diameter, gap size between pillar groups, distance between pillars, and vertical shift in pillar groups. Subsequently, optimal micromixers are identified, exhibiting mixing efficiency exceeding 99.7% at moderate Reynolds number (Re = 1), a level typically challenging for micromixers to attain high mixing efficiency. Notably, the pressure drop remains low at 1102 Pa. Furthermore, the variations in mixing index over time and across different positions along the channel are examined. Both configurations demonstrate short mixing lengths and times. At a distance of 4300 μm from the inlet, the slanted and arrowhead configurations yielded mixing indices of 97.2% and 98.9%, respectively. The micromixers could provide a mixing index of 99.5% at the channel's end within 8 s. Additionally, both configurations exceeded 90% mixing indices by the 3 s. The combination of rapid mixing, low pressure drop, and short mixing length positions the novel micromixers as highly promising for microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kheirkhah Barzoki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Moraes da Silva Junior S, Bento Ribeiro LE, Fruett F, Stiens J, Swart JW, Moshkalev S. A Novel Microfluidics Droplet-Based Interdigitated Ring-Shaped Electrode Sensor for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:672. [PMID: 38930642 PMCID: PMC11205656 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on the detection and characterization of droplets with volumes in the nanoliter range. Leveraging the precise control of minute liquid volumes, we introduced a novel spectroscopic on-chip microsensor equipped with integrated microfluidic channels for droplet generation, characterization, and sensing simultaneously. The microsensor, designed with interdigitated ring-shaped electrodes (IRSE) and seamlessly integrated with microfluidic channels, offers enhanced capacitance and impedance signal amplitudes, reproducibility, and reliability in droplet analysis. We were able to make analyses of droplet length in the range of 1.0-6.0 mm, velocity of 0.66-2.51 mm/s, and volume of 1.07 nL-113.46 nL. Experimental results demonstrated that the microsensor's performance is great in terms of droplet size, velocity, and length, with a significant signal amplitude of capacitance and impedance and real-time detection capabilities, thereby highlighting its potential for facilitating microcapsule reactions and enabling on-site real-time detection for chemical and biosensor analyses on-chip. This droplet-based microfluidics platform has great potential to be directly employed to promote advances in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals, drug discovery, food engineering, flow chemistry, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomão Moraes da Silva Junior
- Electronics & Informatics, Vrije Universiteit of Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnologies, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil;
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil (J.W.S.)
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Luiz Eduardo Bento Ribeiro
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil (J.W.S.)
| | - Fabiano Fruett
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil (J.W.S.)
| | - Johan Stiens
- Electronics & Informatics, Vrije Universiteit of Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacobus Willibrordus Swart
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil (J.W.S.)
| | - Stanislav Moshkalev
- Center for Semiconductor Components and Nanotechnologies, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil;
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Tanaka D, Zheng S, Furuya M, Kobayashi M, Fujita H, Akitsu T, Sekiguchi T, Shoji S. Efficient Separation of Methanol Single-Micron Droplets by Tailing Phenomenon Using a PDMS Microfluidic Device. Molecules 2024; 29:1949. [PMID: 38731440 PMCID: PMC11085517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microdroplet-based fluidic systems have the advantages of small size, short diffusion time, and no cross-contamination; consequently, droplets often provide a fast and precise reaction environment as well as an analytical environment for individual molecules. In order to handle diverse reactions, we developed a method to create organic single-micron droplets (S-MDs) smaller than 5 μm in diameter dispersed in silicone oil without surfactant. The S-MD generation microflow device consists of a mother droplet (MoD) generator and a tapered separation channel featuring multiple side channels. The tapered channel enhanced the shear forces to form tails from the MoDs, causing them to break up. Surface treatment with the fluoropolymer CYTOP protected PDMS fluid devices from organic fluids. The tailing separation of methanol droplets was accomplished without the use of surfactants. The generation of tiny organic droplets may offer new insights into chemical separation and help study the scaling effects of various chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tanaka
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; (S.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Shengqi Zheng
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; (S.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Masahiro Furuya
- Cooperative Major in Nuclear Energy, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; (M.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Cooperative Major in Nuclear Energy, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; (M.F.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Takashiro Akitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan;
| | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan;
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan; (S.Z.); (S.S.)
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4
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Saupe M, Wiedemeier S, Gastrock G, Römer R, Lemke K. Flexible Toolbox of High-Precision Microfluidic Modules for Versatile Droplet-Based Applications. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:250. [PMID: 38398978 PMCID: PMC10891953 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although the enormous potential of droplet-based microfluidics has been successfully demonstrated in the past two decades for medical, pharmaceutical, and academic applications, its inherent potential has not been fully exploited until now. Nevertheless, the cultivation of biological cells and 3D cell structures like spheroids and organoids, located in serially arranged droplets in micro-channels, has a range of benefits compared to established cultivation techniques based on, e.g., microplates and microchips. To exploit the enormous potential of the droplet-based cell cultivation technique, a number of basic functions have to be fulfilled. In this paper, we describe microfluidic modules to realize the following basic functions with high precision: (i) droplet generation, (ii) mixing of cell suspensions and cell culture media in the droplets, (iii) droplet content detection, and (iv) active fluid injection into serially arranged droplets. The robustness of the functionality of the Two-Fluid Probe is further investigated regarding its droplet generation using different flow rates. Advantages and disadvantages in comparison to chip-based solutions are discussed. New chip-based modules like the gradient, the piezo valve-based conditioning, the analysis, and the microscopy module are characterized in detail and their high-precision functionalities are demonstrated. These microfluidic modules are micro-machined, and as the surfaces of their micro-channels are plasma-treated, we are able to perform cell cultivation experiments using any kind of cell culture media, but without needing to use surfactants. This is even more considerable when droplets are used to investigate cell cultures like stem cells or cancer cells as cell suspensions, as 3D cell structures, or as tissue fragments over days or even weeks for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Saupe
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiedemeier
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Gunter Gastrock
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Robert Römer
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Karen Lemke
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques e.V., 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany; (S.W.); (G.G.); (R.R.); (K.L.)
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Saffar Y, Kashanj S, Nobes DS, Sabbagh R. The Physics and Manipulation of Dean Vortices in Single- and Two-Phase Flow in Curved Microchannels: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2202. [PMID: 38138371 PMCID: PMC10745399 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microchannels with curved geometries have been employed for many applications in microfluidic devices in the past decades. The Dean vortices generated in such geometries have been manipulated using different methods to enhance the performance of devices in applications such as mixing, droplet sorting, and particle/cell separation. Understanding the effect of the manipulation method on the Dean vortices in different geometries can provide crucial information to be employed in designing high-efficiency microfluidic devices. In this review, the physics of Dean vortices and the affecting parameters are summarized. Various Dean number calculation methods are collected and represented to minimize the misinterpretation of published information due to the lack of a unified defining formula for the Dean dimensionless number. Consequently, all Dean number values reported in the references are recalculated to the most common method to facilitate comprehension of the phenomena. Based on the converted information gathered from previous numerical and experimental studies, it is concluded that the length of the channel and the channel pathline, e.g., spiral, serpentine, or helix, also affect the flow state. This review also provides a detailed summery on the effect of other geometric parameters, such as cross-section shape, aspect ratio, and radius of curvature, on the Dean vortices' number and arrangement. Finally, considering the importance of droplet microfluidics, the effect of curved geometry on the shape, trajectory, and internal flow organization of the droplets passing through a curved channel has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reza Sabbagh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (D.S.N.)
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6
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Rigoglioso VP, Boydston AJ. Flow Optimization of Photoredox-Mediated Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1479-1485. [PMID: 37870749 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP) is a convenient metal-free method to produce a variety of ROMP polymers. Transitioning MF-ROMP from a batch to a continuous flow process has yet to be demonstrated and could potentially benefit the production efficiency, safety, and modularity of reaction conditions. We designed and evaluated continuous flow and droplet flow setups and compared the results for MF-ROMP across a short series of common monomers. By using the droplet flow reactor setup, we achieved flow conversions comparable to that of batch and circumvented issues with diffusion-limited mixing and air exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent P Rigoglioso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Wagner J, Akdere M, Gürbüz K, Beek L, Klopp K, Ditsche P, Mail M, Gries T, Barthlott W. Oil adsorbing and transporting surfaces: a simulative determination of parameters for bionic functional textiles. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18. [PMID: 36881911 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acc224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Certain superhydrophobic plants, such asSalvinia molesta, are able to adsorb oil films from water surfaces and thus separate the oil from the water. There are first attempts to transfer this phenomenon to technical surfaces, but the functional principle and the influence of certain parameters are not yet fully understood. The aim of this work is to understand the interaction behavior between biological surfaces and oil, and to define design parameters for transferring the biological model to a technical textile. This will reduce the development time of a biologically inspired textile. For this purpose, the biological surface is transferred into a 2D model and the horizontal oil transport is simulated in Ansys Fluent. From these simulations, the influence of contact angle, oil viscosity and fiber spacing/diameter ratio was quantified. The simulation results were verified with transport tests on spacer fabrics and 3D prints. The values obtained serve as a starting point for the development of a bio-inspired textile for the removal of oil spills on water surfaces. Such a bio-inspired textile provides the basis for a novel method of oil-water separation that does not require the use of chemicals or energy. As a result, it offers great added value compared to existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wagner
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Musa Akdere
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevser Gürbüz
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonie Beek
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Klopp
- Heimbach GmbH, An Gut Nazareth 73, 52353 Dueren, Germany
| | - Petra Ditsche
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Mail
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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8
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Qu JH, Ordutowski H, Van Tricht C, Verbruggen R, Barcenas Gallardo A, Bulcaen M, Ciwinska M, Gutierrez Cisneros C, Devriese C, Guluzade S, Janssens X, Kornblum S, Lu Y, Marolt N, Nanjappan C, Rutten E, Vanhauwaert E, Geukens N, Thomas D, Dal Dosso F, Safdar S, Spasic D, Lammertyn J. Point-of-care therapeutic drug monitoring of adalimumab by integrating a FO-SPR biosensor in a self-powered microfluidic cartridge. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Yoshimura H, Tanaka D, Furuya M, Sekiguchi T, Shoji S. Controlling Microdroplet Inner Rotation by Parallel Carrier Flow of Sesame and Silicone Oils. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 35056174 PMCID: PMC8781333 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method for passively controlling microdroplet rotation, including interior rotation, using a parallel flow comprising silicone and sesame oils. This device has a simple 2D structure with a straight channel and T-junctions fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane. A microdroplet that forms upstream moves into the sesame oil. Then, the largest flow velocity at the interface of the two oil layers applies a rotational force to the microdroplet. A microdroplet in the lower oil rotates clockwise while that in the upper oil rotates anti-clockwise. The rotational direction was controlled by a simple combination of sesame and silicone oils. Droplet interior flow was visualized by tracking microbeads inside the microdroplets. This study will contribute to the efficient creation of chiral molecules for pharmaceutical and materials development by controlling rotational direction and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Yoshimura
- Major in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Daiki Tanaka
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan; (D.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Masahiro Furuya
- Cooperative Major in Nuclear Energy, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
| | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Tsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan; (D.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- Major in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;
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10
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Wei C, Yu C, Li S, Pan F, Li T, Wang Z, Li J. Rapid Microfluidic Mixing Method Based on Droplet Rotation Due to PDMS Deformation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080901. [PMID: 34442523 PMCID: PMC8400329 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based micromixers have shown great prospects in chemical synthesis, pharmacology, biologics, and diagnostics. When compared with the active method, passive micromixer is widely used because it relies on the droplet movement in the microchannel without extra energy, which is more concise and easier to operate. Here we present a droplet rotation-based microfluidic mixer that allows rapid mixing within individual droplets efficiently. PDMS deformation is used to construct subsidence on the roof of the microchannel, which can deviate the trajectory of droplets. Thus, the droplet shows a rotation behavior due to the non-uniform distribution of the flow field, which can introduce turbulence and induce cross-flow enhancing 3D mixing inside the droplet, achieving rapid and homogenous fluid mixing. In order to evaluate the performance of the droplet rotation-based microfluidic mixer, droplets with highly viscous fluid (60% w/w PEGDA solution) were generated, half of which was seeded with fluorescent dye for imaging. Mixing efficiency was quantified using the mixing index (MI), which shows as high as 92% mixing index was achieved within 12 mm traveling. Here in this work, it has been demonstrated that the microfluidic mixing method based on the droplet rotation has shown the advantages of low-cost, easy to operate, and high mixing efficiency. It is expected to find wide applications in the field of pharmaceutics, chemical synthesis, and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Robotic Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China; (C.W.); (F.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chengzhuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China;
| | - Shanshan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Robotic Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China; (C.W.); (F.P.); (Z.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (T.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-22-60202605 (S.L.); +86-22-60202605 (T.L.); +86-22-60201070 (J.L.)
| | - Feng Pan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Robotic Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China; (C.W.); (F.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Robotic Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China; (C.W.); (F.P.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (T.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-22-60202605 (S.L.); +86-22-60202605 (T.L.); +86-22-60201070 (J.L.)
| | - Zichao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Robotic Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China; (C.W.); (F.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Junwei Li
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Langfang 065000, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (T.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-22-60202605 (S.L.); +86-22-60202605 (T.L.); +86-22-60201070 (J.L.)
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11
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Ghorbani Kharaji Z, Bayareh M, Kalantar V. A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers is given. This is supplemented by the governing equations, governing non-dimensional parameters, numerical simulation approaches, and fabrication techniques. Acoustically induced vibration is a kind of external energy input employed in active micromixers to improve the mixing performance. An air bubble energized by an acoustic field acts as an external energy source and induces friction forces at the interface between an air bubble and liquid, leading to the formation of circulatory flows. The current review (with 200 references) evaluates different characteristics of microfluidic devices working based on acoustic field shaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Vali Kalantar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Yazd University , Yazd , Iran
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12
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Al-Azzawi M, Mjalli FS, Husain A, Al-Dahhan M. A Review on the Hydrodynamics of the Liquid–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in the Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Al-Azzawi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Farouq S. Mjalli
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Afzal Husain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muthanna Al-Dahhan
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Mining and Nuclear Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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13
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Utility of low-cost, miniaturized peristaltic and Venturi pumps in droplet microfluidics. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1151:338230. [PMID: 33608076 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many laboratory applications utilizing droplet microfluidics rely on precision syringe pumps for flow generation. In this study, the use of an open-source peristaltic pump primarily composed of 3D printed parts and a low-cost commercial Venturi pump are explored for their use as an alternative to syringe pumps for droplet microfluidics. Both devices provided stable flow (<2% RSD) over a range of 1-7 μL/min and high reproducibility in signal intensity at a droplet generation rate around 0.25 Hz (<3% RSD), which are comparable in performance to similar measurements on standard syringe pumps. As a novel flow generation source for microfluidic applications, the use of the miniaturized Venturi pump was also applied to droplet signal monitoring studies used to measure changes in concentration over time, with average signal reproducibility <4% RSD for both single-stream fluorometric and reagent addition colorimetric applications. These low-cost flow methods provide stable flow sufficient for common droplet microfluidic approaches and can be implemented in a wide variety of simple, and potentially portable, analytical measurement devices.
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14
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Numerical Study of T-Shaped Micromixers with Vortex-Inducing Obstacles in the Inlet Channels. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121122. [PMID: 33352968 PMCID: PMC7766108 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To enhance fluid mixing, a new approach for inlet flow modification by adding vortex-inducing obstacles (VIOs) in the inlet channels of a T-shaped micromixer is proposed and investigated in this work. We use a commercial computational fluid dynamics code to calculate the pressure and the velocity vectors and, to reduce the numerical diffusion in high-Peclet-number flows, we employ the particle-tracking simulation with an approximation diffusion model to calculate the concentration distribution in the micromixers. The effects of geometric parameters, including the distance between the obstacles and the angle of attack of the obstacles, on the mixing performance of micromixers are studied. From the results, we can observe the following trends: (i) the stretched contact surface between different fluids caused by antisymmetric VIOs happens for the cases with the Reynolds number (Re) greater than or equal to 27 and the enhancement of mixing increases with the increase of Reynolds number gradually, and (ii) the onset of the engulfment flow happens at Re≈125 in the T-shaped mixer with symmetric VIOs or at Re≈140 in the standard planar T-shaped mixer and results in a sudden increase of the degree of mixing. The results indicate that the early initiation of transversal convection by either symmetric or antisymmetric VIOs can enhance fluid mixing at a relatively lower Re.
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15
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Liu Y, Lin G, Chen Y, Mönch I, Makarov D, Walsh BJ, Jin D. Coding and decoding stray magnetic fields for multiplexing kinetic bioassay platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4561-4571. [PMID: 33146648 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00848f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer microspheres can be fluorescently-coded for multiplexing molecular analysis, but their usage has been limited by fluorescent quenching and bleaching and crowded spectral domain with issues of cross-talks and background interference. Each bioassay step of mixing and separation of analytes and reagents require off-line particle handling procedures. Here, we report that stray magnetic fields can code and decode a collection of hierarchically-assembled beads. By the microfluidic assembling of mesoscopic superparamagnetic cores, diverse and non-volatile stray magnetic field response can be built in the series of microscopic spheres, dumbbells, pears, chains and triangles. Remarkably, the set of stray magnetic field fingerprints are readily discerned by a compact giant magnetoresistance sensor for parallelised screening of multiple distinctive pathogenic DNAs. This opens up the magneto-multiplexing opportunity and could enable streamlined assays to incorporate magneto-mixing, washing, enrichment and separation of analytes. This strategy therefore suggests a potential point-of-care testing solution for efficient kinetic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Ingolf Mönch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- Minomic International Ltd, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia. and UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Pittermannová A, Ruberová Z, Lizoňová D, Hubatová-Vacková A, Kašpar O, ZadraŽil A, Král V, Pechar M, Pola R, Bibette J, Bremond N, Štěpánek F, Tokárová V. Functionalized hydrogel microparticles prepared by microfluidics and their interaction with tumour marker carbonic anhydrase IX. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8702-8709. [PMID: 32996550 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics allows precise control of the synthesis of microparticles for specific applications, where size and morphology play an important role. In this work, we have introduced microfluidic chip design with dedicated extraction and gelation sections allowing to prepare hydrogel particles in the size range of a red blood cell. The influence of the extractive channel size, alginate concentration and type of storage media on the final size of the prepared alginate microparticles has been discussed. The second part of the work is dedicated to the surface modification of prepared particles using chitosan, pHPMA and the monoclonal antibody molecule, IgG M75. The specific interaction of the antibody molecule with an antigen domain of carbonic anhydrase IX, the transmembrane tumour protein associated with several types of cancer, is demonstrated by fluorescence imaging and compared to an isotypic antibody molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pittermannová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic. and Laboratory Colloids and Divided Matter - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
| | - Z Ruberová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - D Lizoňová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - A Hubatová-Vacková
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - O Kašpar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - A ZadraŽil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - V Král
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - M Pechar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - R Pola
- Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J Bibette
- Laboratory Colloids and Divided Matter - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
| | - N Bremond
- Laboratory Colloids and Divided Matter - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
| | - F Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - V Tokárová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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17
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Heida T, Otto O, Biedenweg D, Hauck N, Thiele J. Microfluidic Fabrication of Click Chemistry-Mediated Hyaluronic Acid Microgels: A Bottom-Up Material Guide to Tailor a Microgel's Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1760. [PMID: 32781609 PMCID: PMC7464250 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for tailored, micrometer-scaled biomaterials in cell biology and (cell-free) biotechnology has led to the development of tunable microgel systems based on natural polymers, such as hyaluronic acid (HA). To precisely tailor their physicochemical and mechanical properties and thus to address the need for well-defined microgel systems, in this study, a bottom-up material guide is presented that highlights the synergy between highly selective bio-orthogonal click chemistry strategies and the versatility of a droplet microfluidics (MF)-assisted microgel design. By employing MF, microgels based on modified HA-derivates and homobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-crosslinkers are prepared via three different types of click reaction: Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloaddition, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), and UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction. First, chemical modification strategies of HA are screened in-depth. Beyond the microfluidic processing of HA-derivates yielding monodisperse microgels, in an analytical study, we show that their physicochemical and mechanical properties-e.g., permeability, (thermo)stability, and elasticity-can be systematically adapted with respect to the type of click reaction and PEG-crosslinker concentration. In addition, we highlight the versatility of our HA-microgel design by preparing non-spherical microgels and introduce, for the first time, a selective, hetero-trifunctional HA-based microgel system with multiple binding sites. As a result, a holistic material guide is provided to tailor fundamental properties of HA-microgels for their potential application in cell biology and (cell-free) biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heida
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (T.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Oliver Otto
- Center for Innovation Competence: Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Disorders, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e. V., University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Doreen Biedenweg
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Nicolas Hauck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (T.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Julian Thiele
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany; (T.H.); (N.H.)
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18
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Mohd Laziz A, KuShaari K, Azeem B, Yusup S, Chin J, Denecke J. Rapid production of biodiesel in a microchannel reactor at room temperature by enhancement of mixing behaviour in methanol phase using volume of fluid model. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Arter WE, Levin A, Krainer G, Knowles TPJ. Microfluidic approaches for the analysis of protein-protein interactions in solution. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:575-585. [PMID: 32266673 PMCID: PMC7242286 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration and characterisation of the human proteome is a key objective enabling a heightened understanding of biological function, malfunction and pharmaceutical design. Since proteins typically exhibit their behaviour by binding to other proteins, the challenge of probing protein-protein interactions has been the focus of new and improved experimental approaches. Here, we review recently developed microfluidic techniques for the study and quantification of protein-protein interactions. We focus on methodologies that utilise the inherent strength of microfluidics for the control of mass transport on the micron scale, to facilitate surface and membrane-free interrogation and quantification of interacting proteins. Thus, the microfluidic tools described here provide the capability to yield insights on protein-protein interactions under physiological conditions. We first discuss the defining principles of microfluidics, and methods for the analysis of protein-protein interactions that utilise the diffusion-controlled mixing characteristic of fluids at the microscale. We then describe techniques that employ electrophoretic forces to manipulate and fractionate interacting protein systems for their biophysical characterisation, before discussing strategies that use microdroplet compartmentalisation for the analysis of protein interactions. We conclude by highlighting future directions for the field, such as the integration of microfluidic experiments into high-throughput workflows for the investigation of protein interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Arter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aviad Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Georg Krainer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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20
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Barthlott W, Moosmann M, Noll I, Akdere M, Wagner J, Roling N, Koepchen-Thomä L, Azad MAK, Klopp K, Gries T, Mail M. Adsorption and superficial transport of oil on biological and bionic superhydrophobic surfaces: a novel technique for oil-water separation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190447. [PMID: 32008452 PMCID: PMC7015282 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity is a physical feature of surfaces occurring in many organisms and has been applied (e.g. lotus effect) in bionic technical applications. Some aquatic species are able to maintain persistent air layers under water (Salvinia effect) and thus become increasingly interesting for drag reduction and other 'bioinspired' applications. However, another feature of superhydrophobic surfaces, i.e. the adsorption (not absorption) and subsequent superficial transportation and desorption capability for oil, has been neglected. Intense research is currently being carried out on oil-absorbing bulk materials like sponges, focusing on oleophilic surfaces and meshes to build membranes for oil-water separation. This requires an active pumping of oil-water mixtures onto or through the surface. Here, we present a novel passive, self-driven technology to remove oil from water surfaces. The oil is adsorbed onto a superhydrophobic material (e.g. textiles) and transported on its surface. Vertical and horizontal transportation is possible above or below the oil-contaminated water surface. The transfer in a bioinspired novel bionic oil adsorber is described. The oil is transported into a container and thus removed from the surface. Prototypes have proven to be an efficient and environmentally friendly technology to clean oil spills from water without chemicals or external energy supply. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 3)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Moosmann
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Noll
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Akdere
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Wagner
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Roling
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L. Koepchen-Thomä
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. A. K. Azad
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Klopp
- Heimbach GmbH, An Gut Nazareth 73, 52353 Dueren, Germany
| | - T. Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Mail
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Kašpar O, Koyuncu AH, Hubatová-Vacková A, Balouch M, Tokárová V. Influence of channel height on mixing efficiency and synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using droplet-based microfluidics. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15179-15189. [PMID: 35495462 PMCID: PMC9052325 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02470h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and CFD numerical analysis of mixing efficiency in droplet-based microfluidics for various channel heights and its impact on the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Kašpar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - A. H. Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - A. Hubatová-Vacková
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Tokárová
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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22
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Tanaka D, Sawai S, Hattori S, Nozaki Y, Yoon DH, Fujita H, Sekiguchi T, Akitsu T, Shoji S. Microdroplet synthesis of azo compounds with simple microfluidics-based pH control. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38900-38905. [PMID: 35518427 PMCID: PMC9057350 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional solution-phase synthesis of azo compounds is complicated by the need for precise pH and temperature control, high concentrations of pH control reagents, and by-product removal. In this work, we exploited the advantages of microdroplet chemistry to realize the simple and highly efficient synthesis of an azo compound using microfluidics-based pH control. Owing to the small size of microdroplets, heat exchange between a microdroplet and its environment is extremely fast. Furthermore, chemical reactions in microdroplets occur rapidly due to the short diffusion distance and vortex flow. Formation of the azo compound reached completion in less than 3 s at room temperature, compared with 1 h at 0 °C under conventional conditions. pH control was simple, and the pH control reagent concentration could be reduced to less than one-tenth of that used in the conventional method. No by-products were generated, and thus this procedure did not require a recrystallization step. The time course of the chemical reaction was elucidated by observing the growth of azo compound microcrystals in droplets at various locations along the channel corresponding to different mixing times. Conventional solution-phase synthesis of azo compounds is complicated by the need for precise pH and temperature control, high concentrations of pH control reagents, and by-product removal. The microdroplet synthesis method has solved these problems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tanaka
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 162-0041
- Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sawai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Shohei Hattori
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Yoshito Nozaki
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 162-0041
- Japan
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 162-0041
- Japan
| | | | - Tetsushi Sekiguchi
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 162-0041
- Japan
| | - Takashiro Akitsu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo 162-8601
- Japan
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo
- Japan
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23
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Liu C, Li Y, Liu BF. Micromixers and their applications in kinetic analysis of biochemical reactions. Talanta 2019; 205:120136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Al Mughairy B, Al-Lawati HAJ, Suliman FO. Investigating the impact of metal ions and 3D printed droplet microfluidics chip geometry on the luminol‑potassium periodate chemiluminescence system for estimating total phenolic content in olive oil. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 221:117182. [PMID: 31170602 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the chip design and the mixing mechanisms using six different 3D printed microfluidic chips were investigated. The study was conducted using novel 3D printed droplet based microfluidics. A multi-mixing approach was utilized to enhance the CL signal of the CL system under investigation. The approach is based on droplet formation, droplet mixing and droplets merging in the 3D printed microfluidic chip. A 154% higher CL signal intensity was obtained using this approach compared to the CL signal obtained using the serpentine chip commonly used for improving the mixing inside droplet microfluidics. This chip was exploited to study the role of three metal ions: Co2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ on catalyzing the luminol‑potassium periodate chemiluminescence (CL) reaction with selected phenolic compounds in basic media was carefully investigated. Furthermore, the luminol‑potassium periodate-metal ions system was optimized for all metal ions using gallic acid as the reference standard. Despite the popularity of luminol systems in estimating antioxidant activity or total phenolic content (TPC), the results of this study revealed the necessity of careful and vigilant attention when applying it to complex matrices. The only metal ion that showed quenching behavior with all 20 of the tested phenolic compounds was Fe2+, while Co2+and Mn2+ showed both quenching and enhancement in the CL signal. The luminol‑potassium periodate-Fe2+ system was applied to estimate TPC in olive oil extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baqia Al Mughairy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Haider A J Al-Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman.
| | - FakhrEldin O Suliman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Box 36, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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25
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Zhang X. Editorial for the Special Issue on Advances in Optofluidics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E302. [PMID: 30424235 PMCID: PMC6187236 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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26
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Sklodowska K, Debski PR, Michalski JA, Korczyk PM, Dolata M, Zajac M, Jakiela S. Simultaneous Measurement of Viscosity and Optical Density of Bacterial Growth and Death in a Microdroplet. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E251. [PMID: 30424184 PMCID: PMC6187717 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel method for the assessment of droplet viscosity moving inside microfluidic channels. The method allows for the monitoring of the rate of the continuous growth of bacterial culture. It is based on the analysis of the hydrodynamic resistance of a droplet that is present in a microfluidic channel, which affects its motion. As a result, we were able to observe and quantify the change in the viscosity of the dispersed phase that is caused by the increasing population of interacting bacteria inside a size-limited system. The technique allows for finding the correlation between the viscosity of the medium with a bacterial culture and its optical density. These features, together with the high precision of the measurement, make our viscometer a promising tool for various experiments in the field of analytical chemistry and microbiology, where the rigorous control of the conditions of the reaction and the monitoring of the size of bacterial culture are vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sklodowska
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel R Debski
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek A Michalski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 17 Lukasiewicza Street, 09400 Plock, Poland.
| | - Piotr M Korczyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, 02106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Dolata
- Department of Econophysics and Physics Application, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Zajac
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland.
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