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Pérez-Prieto I, Plaza-Florido A, Ubago-Guisado E, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00227-5. [PMID: 39048485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on human health are well known, however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Growing evidence points to physical activity as an important modulator of the composition and function of microbial communities, while evidence of sedentary behavior is scarce. We aimed to synthesize and meta-analyze the current evidence about the effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on microbiome across different body sites and in different populations. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases was conducted until September 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses including cross-sectional studies (active vs. inactive/athletes vs. non-athletes) or trials reporting the chronic effect of physical activity interventions on gut microbiome alpha-diversity in healthy individuals were performed. RESULTS Ninety-one studies were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analyses of 2632 participants indicated no consistent effect of physical activity on microbial alpha-diversity, although there seems to be a trend toward a higher microbial richness in athletes compared to non-athletes. Most of studies reported an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella or Roseburia in active individuals and after physical activity interventions. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were positively associated with the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Athletes seem to have a richer microbiome compared to non-athletes. However, high heterogeneity between studies avoids obtaining conclusive information on the role of physical activity in microbial composition. Future multi-omics studies would enhance our understanding of the molecular effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Muralidharan J, Ruiz-Limón P, Gomez-Perez AM, Murri M, Vioque J, Corella D, Fitó M, Vidal J, Salas-Salvadó J, Torres-Collado L, Coltell O, Atzeni A, Castañer O, Bulló M, Bernal-López MR, Moreno-Indias I, Tinahones FJ. Physical activity shifts gut microbiota structure in aged subjects with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Biol Sport 2024; 41:47-60. [PMID: 38952913 PMCID: PMC11167471 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.133005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify how physical activity (PA), within the context of a Mediterranean diet, affects metabolic variables and gut microbiota in older individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Observational analysis was conducted as part of the PREDIMED-Plus study with 152 males and 145 females with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. General assessments, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed at baseline and 1-year of follow-up. Participants were stratified by tertiles of 1-year change in total PA-related energy expenditure ranging from -98.77 to 1099.99 METs (min/week). The total PA percentage of change was reduced in tertile 1 (-44.83 ± 24.94), increased in tertile 2 (28.96 ± 23.33) and tertile 3 (273.64 ± 221.42). Beta diversity analysis showed differences in the gut microbiota population within each tertile group. Significant differences were found at phylum, family, and genus levels in the gut microbiota of the three tertile groups at baseline and 1-year timepoint. Tertile 3, the group with the greatest increase in PA, was characterized by increases in their levels of Sutterella, Bilophila, and Lachnospira bacteria as well as a reduction in Collinsella. Moreover, this tertile showed a different pattern in its predicted metabolic capacities to the other groups. Our results have demonstrated that changes in PA such as lifestyle and Mediterranean diet induces specific variations in the gut microbiota profile. This modulation of gut microbiome populations and their metabolic capacities may contribute to the health of the aged individuals with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jananee Muralidharan
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Limón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gomez-Perez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante. University of Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clinic Universitary Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
- Pere i Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV). San Joan University Hospital, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante. University of Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- Department of Computer Sciences. University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, 43003 Reus, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine of Regional University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA BIONAND Platform), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Simão DO, Vieira VS, Tosatti JAG, Gomes KB. Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and the Complex Relationship with Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4661. [PMID: 37960314 PMCID: PMC10649859 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, and chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with the aging process. Memory deficits, cognitive impairment, and motor dysfunction are characteristics of AD. It is estimated that, by 2050, 131.5 million people will have AD. There is evidence that the gastrointestinal microbiome and diet may contribute to the development of AD or act preventively. Communication between the brain and the intestine occurs through immune cells in the mucosa and endocrine cells, or via the vagus nerve. Aging promotes intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in anti-inflammatory response-mediating bacteria, thus contributing to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, ultimately leading to cognitive decline. Therefore, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has a significant impact on neurodegenerative disorders. Lipids may play a preventive or contributory role in the development of AD. High consumption of saturated and trans fats can increase cortisol release and lead to other chronic diseases associated with AD. Conversely, low levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike other studies, this review aims to describe, in an integrative way, the interaction between the gastrointestinal microbiome, lipids, and AD, providing valuable insights into how the relationship between these factors affects disease progression, contributing to prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Oliveira Simão
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Professor Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil;
| | - Vitoria Silva Vieira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Professor Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil;
| | - Jéssica Abdo Gonçalves Tosatti
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Professor Alfredo Balena Avenue, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil;
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
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Boytar AN, Skinner TL, Wallen RE, Jenkins DG, Dekker Nitert M. The Effect of Exercise Prescription on the Human Gut Microbiota and Comparison between Clinical and Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061534. [PMID: 36986264 PMCID: PMC10054511 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed all human longitudinal exercise interventions that reported changes in the gut microbiota; frequency, intensity, duration and type of exercise were assessed to determine the influence of these variables on changes to the gut microbiota in both healthy individuals and clinical populations (PROPERO registration: CRD42022309854). Using PRISMA guidelines, trials analysing gut microbiota change with exercise interventions were included independent of trial randomisation, population, trial duration or analysis technique. Studies were excluded when microbiota abundance was not reported or when exercise was combined with other interventions. Twenty-eight trials were included, of which twelve involved healthy populations only and sixteen involved mixed or clinical-only populations. The findings show that participation in exercise of moderate to high-intensity for 30-90 min ≥3 times per week (or between 150-270 min per week) for ≥8 weeks is likely to produce changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise appears to be effective in modifying the gut microbiota in both clinical and healthy populations. A more robust methodology is needed in future studies to improve the certainty of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby E Wallen
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang X. Physical Exercise and Diet: Regulation of Gut Microbiota to Prevent and Treat Metabolic Disorders to Maintain Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061539. [PMID: 36986268 PMCID: PMC10054346 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Each person's body is host to a large number and variety of gut microbiota, which has been described as the second genome and plays an important role in the body's metabolic process and is closely related to health. It is common knowledge that proper physical activity and the right diet structure can keep us healthy, and in recent years, researchers have found that this boost to health may be related to the gut microbiota. Past studies have reported that physical activity and diet can modulate the compositional structure of the gut microbiota and further influence the production of key metabolites of the gut microbiota, which can be an effective way to improve body metabolism and prevent and treat related metabolic diseases. In this review, we outline the role of physical activity and diet in regulating gut microbiota and the key role that gut microbiota plays in improving metabolic disorders. In addition, we highlight the regulation of gut microbiota through appropriate physical exercise and diet to improve body metabolism and prevent metabolic diseases, aiming to promote public health and provide a new approach to treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinzhou Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Roczniak W, Szymlak A, Mazur B, Chobot A, Stojewska M, Oświęcimska J. Nutritional Status and Selected Adipokines in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245282. [PMID: 36558441 PMCID: PMC9782519 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and serum concentrations of adipokines in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. We also sought to evaluate their relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS We studied 33 IBS patients (11 girls, 22 boys) aged 5-17 years and 30 healthy age-matched controls (11 girls, 19 boys). The analysis included anthropometric measurements, body composition parameter measurements using bioimpedance, and biochemical tests and measurements of serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and omentin-1. RESULTS The results of the anthropometric measurements were comparable between the patients and the controls. The patients had higher triglycerides, HOMA-IRs, and chemerin concentrations than the healthy subjects. The HDL cholesterol and omentin-1 levels were lower than in the controls. Leptin and adiponectin did not differ significantly between the groups. An analysis of the receiver operator curves (ROCs) showed that serum concentrations of chemerin ≥ 232.8 ng/mL had 30% sensitivity and 87% specificity when they were used to differentiate between children with IBS and healthy subjects. In the case of serum omentin-1 concentrations ≤ 279.4 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nutritional status of children with IBS did not differ from that of the healthy controls. We found significant differences in serum chemerin and omentin-1 concentrations between IBS patients and healthy children. These adipokines could be used as IBS biomarkers as they demonstrate good specificity and moderate sensitivity. The serum concentrations of chemerin and omentin-1 in IBS patients were related to nutritional status and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Roczniak
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, ul. Mickiewicza 21, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Szymlak
- Department of General Paediatrics, University Hospital No 1 in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bogdan Mazur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agata Chobot
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, al. W.Witosa 26, 45-401 Opole, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stojewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3-Maja 13-15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Oświęcimska
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, ul. Mickiewicza 21, 38-500 Sanok, Poland
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The Effects of Physical Activity on the Gut Microbiota and the Gut–Brain Axis in Preclinical and Human Models: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163293. [PMID: 36014798 PMCID: PMC9413457 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in regulating multiple functions related to host physical health and, more recently, through the gut–brain axis (GBA), mental health. Similarly, the literature on the impact of physical activity (PA), including exercise, on GM and GBA is growing. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes and critically appraises the existing literature that delves into the benefits or adverse effects produced by PA on physical and mental health status through modifications of the GM, highlighting differences and similarities between preclinical and human studies. The same exercise in animal models, whether performed voluntarily or forced, has different effects on the GM, just as, in humans, intense endurance exercise can have a negative influence. In humans and animals, only aerobic PA seems able to modify the composition of the GM, whereas cardiovascular fitness appears related to specific microbial taxa or metabolites that promote a state of physical health. The PA favors bacterial strains that can promote physical performance and that can induce beneficial changes in the brain. Currently, it seems useful to prioritize aerobic activities at a moderate and not prolonged intensity. There may be greater benefits if PA is undertaken from a young age and the effects on the GM seem to gradually disappear when the activity is stopped. The PA produces modifications in the GM that can mediate and induce mental health benefits.
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Viciani E, Barone M, Bongiovanni T, Quercia S, Di Gesu R, Pasta G, Manetti P, Iaia FM, Trecroci A, Rampelli S, Candela M, Biagi E, Castagnetti A. Fecal microbiota monitoring in elite soccer players along the 2019-2020 competitive season. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1137-1147. [PMID: 35595508 DOI: 10.1055/a-1858-1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise affects the human gut microbiota that, in turn, influences athletes' performance. The current understanding of how the microbiota of professional athletes changes along with different phases of training is sparse. We aim to characterize the fecal microbiota in elite soccer players along with different phases of a competitive season using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal samples were collected after the summer off-season period, the pre-season retreat, the first half of the competitive season, and the 8 weeks COVID-19 lockdown that interrupted the season 2019-2020. According to our results, the gut microbiota of professional athletes changes along with the phases of the season, characterized by different training, diet, nutritional surveillance, and environment sharing. Pre-season retreat, during which nutritional surveillance and exercise intensity were at their peak, caused a decrease in bacterial groups related to unhealthy lifestyle and an increase in health-promoting symbionts. The competitive season and forced interruption affected other features of the athletes' microbiota, i.e. bacterial groups that respond to dietary fibers load and stress levels. Our longitudinal study, focusing on one of the most followed sports worldwide, provides baseline data for future comparisons and microbiome-targeting interventions aimed at developing personalized training and nutrition plans for performances maximization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Barone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | | | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, BOLOGNA, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Donati Zeppa S, Amatori S, Sisti D, Gervasi M, Agostini D, Piccoli G, Pazienza V, Gobbi P, Rocchi MBL, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Nine weeks of high-intensity indoor cycling training induced changes in the microbiota composition in non-athlete healthy male college students. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:74. [PMID: 34922581 PMCID: PMC8684107 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic microbial system constantly challenged by environmental conditions, including physical exercise. Limited human studies suggest that exercise could play a beneficial role for gut health, increasing microbial diversity, even if the effects of exercise on gut microbial microorganisms depends on its intensity and duration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nine weeks of high-intensity interval exercise on gut microbiota composition in healthy young adults. Methods The gut microbiota composition of seventeen healthy male college students was analysed before and after nine weeks of high-intensity interval cycling training by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA for repeated measures was used to test pre-post differences in the relative abundance of all taxonomic levels, and correlations between variations in microbial composition and physical and dietary features were also assessed. Results Physical exercise induced changes in microbiota composition, at all taxonomic levels analysed (phyla: F [1, 32]=3.97, p=0.029; classes: F [1, 32]=3.39, p=0.033, orders: F [1, 32]=3.17, p=0.044, families: F [1, 32]=1.54, p=0.037, genera: F [1, 32]=1.46, p=0.015, species: F [1, 32]=1.38, p=0.007). Conversely, no differences were found between pre and post-training conditions for microbial community richness (Chao1: V=105, p=0.06) or diversity (Shannon index: V=62, p=0.52; Simpson index: V=59, p=0.43). Changes in the relative abundance of eighteen genera were correlated to changes of twenty environmental factors grouped in physical features, sport-related features, and dietary features. Conclusions Nine weeks of high-intensity exercise induced modifications in gut microbiota composition in healthy male college students, shifting the gut microbial population towards a healthier microbiome with benefit to human health in general. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Aragón-Vela J, Solis-Urra P, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Olivares-Arancibia J, Plaza-Diaz J. Impact of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113999. [PMID: 34836254 PMCID: PMC8624603 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, exercise, or physical fitness are being studied as helpful nonpharmacological therapies to reduce signaling pathways related to inflammation. Studies describing changes in intestinal microbiota have stated that physical activity could increase the microbial variance and enhance the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and both actions could neutralize the obesity progression and diminish body weight. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the relationship between physical activity profiles and gut microbiota and in obesity and some associated comorbidities. Promoting physical activity could support as a treatment to maintain the gut microbiota composition or to restore the balance toward an improvement of dysbiosis in obesity; however, these mechanisms need to be studied in more detail. The opportunity to control the microbiota by physical activity to improve health results and decrease obesity and related comorbidities is very attractive. Nevertheless, several incompletely answered questions need to be addressed before this strategy can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.I.Á.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.-V.); (J.P.-D.); Tel.: +34-958220319 (J.A.-V.); +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.)
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.I.Á.-M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.I.Á.-M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8370035, Chile;
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.A.-V.); (J.P.-D.); Tel.: +34-958220319 (J.A.-V.); +34-958241599 (J.P.-D.)
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Resende AS, Leite GSF, Lancha Junior AH. Changes in the Gut Bacteria Composition of Healthy Men with the Same Nutritional Profile Undergoing 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082839. [PMID: 34444999 PMCID: PMC8398245 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient consumption and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to the gut microbiota, and exercise effects on gut bacteria composition may be related to those variables. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 10-week moderate aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness and gut bacteria composition of non-obese men with the same nutritional profile. Twenty-four previously sedentary men (age 25.18 [SD 4.66] years, BMI 24.5 [SD 3.72] kg/m2) were randomly assigned into Control (CG; n = 12) or Exercise Groups (EG; n = 12). Body composition, cardiorespiratory parameters, blood markers, dietary habits and gut bacteria composition were evaluated. EG performed 150 min per week of supervised moderate (60–65% of VO2peak) aerobic exercise, while CG maintained their daily routine. The V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and treated using QIIME software. Only EG demonstrated marked improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, p < 0.05; Effect Size = 0.971) without changes in other gut bacteria-affecting variables. Exercise did not promote clustering based on diversity indices (p > 0.05), although significant variations in an unclassified genus from Clostridiales order and in Streptococcus genus were observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-diversity was correlated with VO2peak (Pearson’s R: 0.47; R2 0.23: 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.74, p = 0.02) and BMI (Pearson’s R: −0.50; R2 0.25: 95%CI: −0.75 to −0.12, p = 0.01). Roseburia, Sutterella and Odoribacter genera were associated with VO2peak, while Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium genera were associated with body composition (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity improved VO2peak and affected gut bacteria composition of non-obese men who maintained a balanced consumption of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayane S. Resende
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3061-7474
| | - Geovana S. F. Leite
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism Applied to Motor Activity, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Antonio H. Lancha Junior
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation: Experimental Surgery (LIM/26), Clinics’ Hospital of Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
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Behavioral Risk Factors and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Review of the Mechanistic and Observational Evidence. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-021-00465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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