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Wang Q, Wang W, Zhu Q, Shoaib M, Chengye W, Zhu Z, Wei X, Bai Y, Zhang J. The prevalent dynamic and genetic characterization of mcr-1 encoding multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains recovered from poultry in Hebei, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024:S2213-7165(24)00071-7. [PMID: 38795771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colistin is known as the last resort antibiotic to treat the infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) foodborne pathogens. The emergence and widespread dissemination of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in the E. coli incurs potential threat to public health. Here, we investigated the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and genetic characterization of mcr-1 harboring E. coli isolates from poultry origin in Hebei province, China. METHODS A total of 297 fecal samples were collected from the two large poultry farms in Hebei province, China. The samples were processed for E. coli identification by MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rD4A sequencing. Then, mcr-1 gene harboring E. coli strains were identified by PCR and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution assay. The genomic characterization of the isolates was done by whole genome sequencing using the various bioinformatics tools, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was done by sequence analysis of the seven housekeeping genes. The conjugation experiment was done to check the transferability of mcr-1 along with the plasmid stability testing. RESULTS A total of six mcr-1 E. coli isolates with MIC of 4 μg/mL were identified from 297 samples (2.02%). The mcr-1 harboring E. coli were identified as MDR and belonged to ST101 (n=4) and ST410 (n=2). The genetic environment of mcr-1 presented its position on IncHI2 plasmid in four isolates and p0111 in two isolates which is rarely reported plasmid type for mcr-1. Moreover, both type of plasmids was transferable to recipient J53, and mcr-1 was flanked by three mobile elements ISApl1, Tn3, and IS26 forming a novel backbone Tn3-IS26-mcr-1- pap2-ISApl1 on p0111 plasmid. The phylogenetic analysis shared a common lineage with mcr-1 harboring isolates from the environment, human and animals which indicate its horizontal spread among the diverse sources, species, and hosts. CONCLUSION This study recommends the one health approach for future surveillance across multiple sources and bacterial species to adopt relevant measures and reduce global resistance crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; College of life science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province 056038, P.R.China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China
| | - Wang Chengye
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; College of life science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province 056038, P.R.China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; College of life science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province 056038, P.R.China
| | - Xiaojuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China
| | - Yubin Bai
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730050, P.R.China.
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Chudejova K, Sourenian T, Palkovicova J, Stredanska K, Nechutna L, Vlkova K, Studentova V, Hrabak J, Papagiannitsis CC, Dolejska M, Bitar I. Genomic characterization of ST38 NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli isolates from an outbreak in the Czech Republic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024:e0013324. [PMID: 38624228 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00133-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A 2-year national genomic screening in the Czech Republic identified a notable prevalence of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 5 (NDM-5)-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 38 (ST38) in the city of Brno. Forty-two ST38 E. coli isolates harbored the blaNDM-5 gene on the chromosome. Virulence factors confirmed the persistence of these isolates through biofilm formation. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)-based phylogeny and CRISPR assay typing showed minimal genomic variations, implying a clonally driven outbreak. Results suggest that this high-risk clone may impose a nationwide problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Chudejova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tsolaire Sourenian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Palkovicova
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Stredanska
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nechutna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Studentova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrabak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ibrahim Bitar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Memesh R, Yasir M, Ledder RG, Zowawi H, McBain AJ, Azhar EI. An update on the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in aquaculture: an emerging threat to public health. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad288. [PMID: 38059867 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture has been recognized as a hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics. This review gives insights into studies investigating the prevalence of colistin and carbapenem resistance (CCR) among Gram-negative bacilli in aquaculture. Overall, a high incidence of CCR has been reported in aquatic farms in several countries, with CCR being more prevalent among opportunistic human pathogens such as Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Shewanella algae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., as well as members of Enterobacteriaceae family. A high proportion of isolates in these studies exhibited wide-spectrum profiles of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting their multidrug-resistance properties (MDR). Several mobile colistin resistance genes (including, mcr-1, mcr-1.1, mcr-2, mcr-2.1, mcr-3, mcr-3.1, mcr-4.1, mcr-4.3, mcr-5.1, mcr-6.1, mcr-7.1, mcr-8.1, and mcr-10.1) and carbapenemase encoding genes (including, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-55, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMI, blaAIM, blaVIM, and blaIMP) have been detected in aquatic farms in different countries. The majority of these were carried on MDR Incompatibility (Inc) plasmids including IncA/C, and IncX4, which have been associated with a wide host range of different sources. Thus, there is a risk for the possible spread of resistance genes between fish, their environments, and humans. These findings highlight the need to monitor and regulate the usage of antimicrobials in aquaculture. A multisectoral and transdisciplinary (One Health) approach is urgently needed to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes originating in aquaculture and avoid their global reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roa Memesh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruth G Ledder
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hosam Zowawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J McBain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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An T, Cai Y, Li G, Li S, Wong PK, Guo J, Zhao H. Prevalence and transmission risk of colistin and multidrug resistance in long-distance coastal aquaculture. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:115. [PMID: 37935916 PMCID: PMC10630474 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide use of antibiotics, intensive aquaculture farms have been recognized as a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistomes. Although the prevalence of colistin resistance genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) has been documented, empirical evidence for the transmission of colistin and multidrug resistance between bacterial communities in aquaculture farms through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is lacking. Here, we report the prevalence and transmission risk of colistin and multidrug resistance in 27 aquaculture water samples from 9 aquaculture zones from over 5000 km of subtropical coastlines in southern China. The colistin resistance gene mcr-1, mobile genetic element (MGE) intl1 and 13 typical antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were prevalent in all the aquaculture water samples. Most types of antibiotic (especially colistin) resistance are transmissible in bacterial communities based on evidence from laboratory conjugation and transformation experiments. Diverse MDRB were detected in most of the aquaculture water samples, and a strain with high-level colistin resistance, named Ralstonia pickettii MCR, was isolated. The risk of horizontal transfer of the colistin resistance of R. pickettii MCR through conjugation and transformation was low, but the colistin resistance could be steadily transmitted to offspring through vertical transfer. The findings have important implications for the future regulation of antibiotic use in aquaculture farms globally to address the growing threat posed by antibiotic resistance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaoting Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Po Keung Wong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, and Griffith School of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Kassem II, Osman M, Hassan J, Sulaiman AA, Mann D, Esseili MA, Naas T, Deng X. First report of the mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-1.26, in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken meat. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:176-178. [PMID: 37429544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We isolated a highly colistin-resistant Escherichia coli, strain 58, from fresh chicken wings in Lebanon. Here, we performed in-depth phenotypic and genomic analyses to identify the resistome of the isolate, focusing on the determinants that encoded colistin resistance. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin and resistance to other antibiotics were determined using the broth microdilution method and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and different software available at the Center of Genomic Epidemiology were used to predict the resistome, the sequence type (ST), and the presence of virulence genes and plasmid replicon types. RESULTS Susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli 58 exhibited multidrug resistance, including against colistin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). Whole-genome sequencing analyses showed that E. coli 58 carried 26 antimicrobial resistance genes associated with resistance to polymyxins (mcr-1.26), β-lactams (blaTEM-1b and blaCMY-2), fosfomycin (fosA4), aminoglycosides (aac(3)-IId, aadA2b, aadA5, partial aadA1, aph(3'')-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, and aph(6)-Id), tetracyclines (tetA and tetM), quinolones (qnrS1), sulphonamides (sul2 and sul3), trimethoprim (dfrA14, dfrA17, and dfrA5), phenicols (floR and cmlA1), macrolides (mphA), lincosamides (lnu(F)), quaternary ammonium compounds (partial qacL and qacE), and peroxides (sitABCD). mcr-1.26 was located on an IncX4 plasmid and induced colistin resistance in otherwise naïve E. coli and Salmonella Enteritidis. Escherichia coli 58 was predicted to be a human pathogen and belonged to ST3107. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of mcr-1.26 in poultry meat worldwide. We previously reported mcr-1.26 in an MDR E. coli (ST2207) isolated from a pigeon in Lebanon, which suggests that it might be spreading in different animal hosts and genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issmat I Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia.
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jouman Hassan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia
| | - Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Mann
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia
| | - Malak A Esseili
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team ReSIST, UMR1184, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, School of Medicine, LabEx LERMIT, Le krem-lin-Bicêtre, France; Bacteriology-Hygiene unit, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia
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Zhang Y, Lv X, Cao W, Zhang H, Shi L, Bai W, Ye L. Survey of Colistin Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Penaeus vannamei Farms in China. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112143. [PMID: 37297388 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments are important reservoirs for drug resistance. Aquatic foods may act as carriers to lead antibiotic-resistant commensal bacteria into the human gastrointestinal system, then contacting gut microbiota and spreading antibiotic resistance. Here, several shrimp farms were investigated to identify colistin resistance among commensal bacteria of aquaculture. A total of 884 (41.6%) colistin-resistant isolates were identified among 2126 strains. Electroporation demonstrated that colistin-resistant fragments were present in some commensal bacteria that could be transferred to other bacteria. Most of the resistant bacteria were Bacillus spp., with 69.3% of the Bacillus species exhibiting multiple drug resistance. Bacillus licheniformis was prevalent, with 58 strains identified that comprised six sequence types (ST) based on multilocus sequence typing. Whole-genome sequencing and comparisons with previous B. licheniformis genomes revealed a high degree of genomic similarity among isolates from different regions. Thus, this species is widely distributed, and this study provides new insights into global antibiotic-resistant characteristics of B. licheniformis. Sequence analyses further revealed some of these strains are even pathogenic and virulent, suggesting the antibiotic resistance and hazards of commensal bacteria in aquaculture should be considered. Considering the "One Health" perspective, improved monitoring of aquatic food is needed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant commensal bacteria from food-associated bacteria to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinrui Lv
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- School of Food Science and Biology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Guangzhou Double Helix Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou International Bio Island Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Shandong Yuwang Ecological Food Industry Co., Ltd., Yucheng 251200, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Hussein ND, Hassan JW, Osman M, El-Omari K, Kharroubi SA, Toufeili I, Kassem II. Assessment of the Microbiological Acceptability of White Cheese (Akkawi) in Lebanon and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Associated Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030610. [PMID: 36978477 PMCID: PMC10044863 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy foods are a staple in Lebanon, a low- and middle-income country that has been experiencing serious challenges to food safety and antimicrobial stewardship among other issues. The microbiological acceptability of dairy products has been of increasing concern. This is partially due to the failing economy and prolonged power outages that affect the quality of raw material and disrupt the dairy cold chain, respectively. Therefore, we assessed the microbiological acceptability of Akkawi, a popular white-brined cheese in Lebanon. For this purpose, we quantified the densities of Escherichia coli (a fecal indicator) and Staphylococcus aureus in cheeses collected from Lebanese retail stores. Additionally, we evaluated the antibiotic resistance profiles of the E. coli isolated from the cheese. E. coli and S. aureus were detected in 40 (80%) and 16 (32%) of the 50 cheese samples, respectively. Notably, 40 (80%) and 16 (32%) of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. A high percentage of the 118 E. coli isolated from the cheeses showed resistance to clinically and agriculturally important antibiotics, while 89 (75%) isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Given that Akkawi can be consumed without cooking, our findings highlight serious food safety and antimicrobial resistance problems that require immediate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasri Daher Hussein
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Jouman W. Hassan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Marwan Osman
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Khaled El-Omari
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Samer A. Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Imad Toufeili
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ekhlas D, Sanjuán JMO, Manzanilla EG, Leonard FC, Argüello H, Burgess CM. Comparison of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Irish commercial pig farms with and without zinc oxide and antimicrobial usage. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 36829209 PMCID: PMC9951511 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prophylactic use of antimicrobials and zinc oxide (ZnO) in pig production was prohibited by the European Union in 2022 due to potential associations between antimicrobial and heavy metal usage with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and concerns regarding environmental pollution. However, the effects of their usage on the bacterial AMR profiles on commercial pig farms are still not fully understood and previous studies examining the effect of ZnO have reported contrasting findings. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of antimicrobial and ZnO usage on AMR on commercial pig farms. Faecal and environmental samples were taken on 10 Irish commercial farms, of which 5 farms regularly used ZnO and antimicrobials (amoxicillin or sulphadiazine-trimethoprim) for the prevention of disease. The other 5 farms did not use ZnO or any other form of prophylaxis. Escherichia coli numbers were quantified from all samples using non-supplemented and supplemented Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide agar. RESULTS In total 351 isolates were phenotypically analysed, and the genomes of 44 AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from 4 farms were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. Phenotypic analysis suggested higher numbers of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates on farms using prophylaxis. Furthermore, farms using prophylaxis were associated with higher numbers of isolates resistant to apramycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol, while resistance to ciprofloxacin was more associated with farms not using any prophylaxis. Thirty-four of the 44 AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli strains harboured the blaCTX-M-1 resistance gene and were multi drug resistant (MDR). Moreover, network analysis of plasmids and analysis of integrons showed that antimicrobial and biocide resistance genes were frequently co-located on mobile genetic elements, indicating the possibility for co-selection during antimicrobial or biocide usage as a contributor to AMR occurrence and persistence on farms. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed evidence that antimicrobial and ZnO treatment of pigs post-weaning can favour the selection and development of AMR and MDR E. coli. Co-location of resistance genes on mobile genetic elements was observed. This study demonstrated the usefulness of phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance by combining sequencing and microbiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ekhlas
- grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Pig Development Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Juan M. Ortiz Sanjuán
- grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Pig Development Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland ,grid.411901.c0000 0001 2183 9102Grupo de Genómica Y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Edgar G. Manzanilla
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Pig Development Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Finola C. Leonard
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Héctor Argüello
- grid.4807.b0000 0001 2187 3167Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Catherine M. Burgess
- grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Koh Jing Jie A, Hussein M, Rao GG, Li J, Velkov T. Drug Repurposing Approaches towards Defeating Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Novel Polymyxin/Non-Antibiotic Combinations. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121420. [PMID: 36558754 PMCID: PMC9781023 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens remain an unmet public health threat. In recent times, increased rates of resistance have been reported not only to commonly used antibiotics, but also to the last-resort antibiotics, such as polymyxins. More worryingly, despite the current trends in resistance, there is a lack of new antibiotics in the drug-discovery pipeline. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to preserve the clinical efficacy of the current antibiotics, particularly the last-line agents. Combining conventional antibiotics such as polymyxins with non-antibiotics (or adjuvants), has emerged as a novel and effective strategy against otherwise untreatable MDR pathogens. This review explores the available literature detailing the latest polymyxin/non-antibiotic combinations, their mechanisms of action, and potential avenues to advance their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Koh Jing Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maytham Hussein
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Manageiro V, Salgueiro V, Rosado T, Bandarra NM, Ferreira E, Smith T, Dias E, Caniça M. Genomic Analysis of a mcr-9.1-Harbouring IncHI2-ST1 Plasmid from Enterobacter ludwigii Isolated in Fish Farming. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091232. [PMID: 36140011 PMCID: PMC9495039 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the resistome, virulome and mobilome of an MCR-9-producing Enterobacter sp. identified in a muscle sample of seabream (Sparus aurata), collected in a land tank from multitrophic fish farming production. Average Nucleotide Identity analysis identified INSAq77 at the species level as an Enterobacter ludwigii INSAq77 strain that was resistant to chloramphenicol, florfenicol and fosfomycin and was susceptible to all other antibiotics tested. In silico antimicrobial resistance analyses revealed genes conferring in silico resistance to β-lactams (blaACT-88), chloramphenicol (catA4-type), fosfomycin (fosA2-type) and colistin (mcr-9.1), as well as several efflux pumps (e.g., oqxAB-type and mar operon). Further bioinformatics analysis revealed five plasmid replicon types, including the IncHI2/HI2A, which are linked to the worldwide dissemination of the mcr-9 gene in different antibiotic resistance reservoirs. The conserved nickel/copper operon rcnR-rcnA-pcoE-ISSgsp1-pcoS-IS903-mcr-9-wbuC was present, which may play a key role in copper tolerance under anaerobic growth and nickel homeostasis. These results highlight that antibiotic resistance in aquaculture are spreading through food, the environment and humans, which places this research in a One Health context. In fact, colistin is used as a last resort for the treatment of serious infections in clinical settings, thus mcr genes may represent a serious threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Salgueiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia Rosado
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospecting, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, IPMA, 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Terry Smith
- Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 DK59 Galway, Ireland
- Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Elsa Dias
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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11
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Mmatli M, Mbelle NM, Osei Sekyere J. Global epidemiology, genetic environment, risk factors and therapeutic prospects of mcr genes: A current and emerging update. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:941358. [PMID: 36093193 PMCID: PMC9462459 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes modify Lipid A molecules of the lipopolysaccharide, changing the overall charge of the outer membrane. Results and discussion Ten mcr genes have been described to date within eleven Enterobacteriaceae species, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella species being the most predominant. They are present worldwide in 72 countries, with animal specimens currently having the highest incidence, due to the use of colistin in poultry for promoting growth and treating intestinal infections. The wide dissemination of mcr from food animals to meat, manure, the environment, and wastewater samples has increased the risk of transmission to humans via foodborne and vector-borne routes. The stability and spread of mcr genes were mediated by mobile genetic elements such as the IncHI2 conjugative plasmid, which is associated with multiple mcr genes and other antibiotic resistance genes. The cost of acquiring mcr is reduced by compensatory adaptation mechanisms. MCR proteins are well conserved structurally and via enzymatic action. Thus, therapeutics found effective against MCR-1 should be tested against the remaining MCR proteins. Conclusion The dissemination of mcr genes into the clinical setting, is threatening public health by limiting therapeutics options available. Combination therapies are a promising option for managing and treating colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections whilst reducing the toxic effects of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masego Mmatli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nontombi Marylucy Mbelle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, United States
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: John Osei Sekyere, ;
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12
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On-Farm Practices Associated with Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Derived from Cultured Fish. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081520. [PMID: 36013938 PMCID: PMC9414622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture activities have been implicated as responsible for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), leading to broad dissemination and transference of antibiotic resistance to pathogens that affect humans and animals. The current study investigates the on-farm practices and environmental risk factors that can potentially drive the development and emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the aquaculture system. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 19 red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and 13 Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) farms on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire pertaining to farm demography, on-farm management practices and environmental characteristics. Multi-drug-resistant E. coli (n = 249) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 162) isolates were analyzed using multi-level binary logistic regression to identify important drivers for the occurrence and proliferation of the MDR bacteria. On-farm practices such as manuring the pond (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.21–16.57) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MDR E. coli, while earthen ponds (OR = 8.2; 95% CI = 1.47–45.2) and human activity adjacent to the farm (OR = 4.6; 95% CI = 0.75–27.98) were associated with an increased likelihood of MDR V. parahaemolyticus. Considering the paucity of information on the drivers of AMR in the aquaculture production in this region, these findings indicate the targeted interventions implementable at aquaculture farms to efficiently abate the risk of MDR amongst bacteria that affect fish that are of public health importance.
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13
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Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin-, Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Fresh Vegetables, an Increasing Human Health Concern in Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11080988. [PMID: 35892378 PMCID: PMC9332692 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen for extended spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in fresh vegetables in Batna, Algeria. A total of 400 samples of fresh vegetables were collected from different retail stores. Samples were immediately subjected to selective isolation, then the representative colonies were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF–MS). Phenotypic and genotypic analyses were carried out in terms of species identification and relative antibiotic resistance. Transferability of the carbapenemase and mcr-bearing plasmids was verified by conjugation. The clonal relationships of carbapenemase and mcr-positive Escherichia coli isolates were studied by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Sixty-seven isolates were characterised and were mostly isolated from green leafy vegetables, where the dominant species identified included Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Stenotrophomona maltophilia, E. coli and Citrobacter braakii. PCR and sequencing results showed that E. coli was the bacterial species presenting the highest antibiotic resistance level in parallel to blaTEM (n = 16) and blaCTX-M-15 (n = 11), which were the most detected genes. Moreover, five isolates carried carbapenemase genes, including the blaOXA-48 and/or blaVIM-4 genes. The mcr-1 gene was detected in two E. coli isolates. MLST analysis revealed three different E. coli sequence types: ST101 (n = 1), ST216 (n = 1) and ST2298 (n = 1). Conjugation assays confirmed the transferability of the blaOXA-48 and mcr-1 genes. In this study we report, for the first time, the detection of the blaOXA-48 gene in E. coli and C. braakii isolates and the blaVIM-4 gene in vegetables. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of mcr-1 genes from vegetables in Algeria.
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14
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Al Mana H, Johar AA, Kassem II, Eltai NO. Transmissibility and Persistence of the Plasmid-Borne Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene, mcr-1, Harbored in Poultry-Associated E. coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060774. [PMID: 35740180 PMCID: PMC9220209 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, is used to treat infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance can emerge by acquiring the mobile colistin gene, mcr-1, usually plasmid borne. Studies on mcr-1 and its transmissibility are limited in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here, we investigated the occurrence of mcr-1 in 18 previously collected Escherichia coli isolates collected from chicken samples in Qatar; whole-genome sequencing was performed to determine the location (plasmid-borne and chromosomal) of mcr-1 in the isolates. Additionally, we assessed the transmissibility of plasmid-borne mcr-1 and its cost on fitness in E. coli biofilms. Our results showed that the E. coli isolates belonged to different sequence types, indicating that mcr-1 was occurring in strains with diverse genetic backgrounds. In silico analysis and transformation assays showed that all the isolates carried mcr-1 on plasmids that were mainly IncI2 types. All the mcr-1 plasmids were found to be transmissible by conjugation. In biofilms, a significant reduction in the number of CFU (≈0.055 logs CFU/mL) and colistin resistance (≈2.19 log CFU/mL) was observed; however, the reduction in resistance was significantly larger, indicating that the plasmids incur a high fitness cost. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates mcr-1 transmissibility and persistence in Qatar. Our findings highlight that mcr has the potential to spread colistin resistance to potentially disparate strains and niches in Qatar, posing a risk that requires intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al Mana
- Biomedical Research Centre, Microbiology Department, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Alreem A. Johar
- Research and Development Department, Barzan Holdings, Doha 7178, Qatar;
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- GA Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Nahla O. Eltai
- Biomedical Research Centre, Microbiology Department, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-44-037-705
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15
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Kassem II, Assi A, Osman M, Mann D, Li S, Deng X. Letter to the Editor: First Report of the Detection of the Plasmid-Borne Colistin Resistance Gene, mcr-1.26, in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from a Domesticated Pigeon. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:821-823. [PMID: 35639443 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Issmat I Kassem
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ali Assi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David Mann
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shaoting Li
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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16
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Dabbousi AA, Dabboussi F, Hamze M, Osman M, Kassem II. The Emergence and Dissemination of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lebanon: Current Status and Challenges during the Economic Crisis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050687. [PMID: 35625331 PMCID: PMC9137902 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections and chronic airway diseases in non-clinical settings. P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to a variety of antimicrobials and has the ability to acquire resistance to others, causing increasingly recalcitrant infections and elevating public health concerns. We reviewed the literature on multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolated from humans (nosocomial and community-associated), animals, and the environment in Lebanon, a country that has been suffering from a surge in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We identified 24 studies that described the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of P. aeruginosa. Our analysis showed that the bacterium was predominant in lesions of patients on mechanical ventilation and in burn patients and those with diabetic foot infections and hematological malignancies. We also found that carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates in Lebanon involved both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms but depended predominantly on VIM-2 production (40.7%). Additionally, MDR P. aeruginosa was detected in animals, where a recent study reported the emergence of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa in livestock in Lebanon. Notably, no studies evaluated the contribution of MDR P. aeruginosa in the environment to human infections. Taken together, our findings highlight the need for AMR surveillance programs and a national action plan to combat resistance in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (F.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (F.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (I.I.K.)
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
- Correspondence: (M.O.); (I.I.K.)
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Genomic Characterization of an ST401 Citrobacter freundii Isolate Harboring mcr-9, isolated from bullfrog, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:390-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abbassi MS, Badi S, Lengliz S, Mansouri R, Hammami S, Hynds P. Hiding in plain sight - Wildlife as a neglected reservoir and pathway for the spread of antimicrobial resistance: A narrative review. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6568898. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance represents a global health problem, with infections due to pathogenic antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) predicted to be the most frequent cause of human mortality by 2050. The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance has spread to and across all ecological niches, and particularly in livestock used for food production with antimicrobials consumed in high volumes. Similarly, hospitals and other healthcare facilities are recognized as significant “hotspots” of ARB and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs); however, over the past decade, new and previously overlooked ecological niches are emerging as hidden reservoirs of ARB/ARGs. Increasingly extensive and intensive industrial activities, degradation of natural environments, burgeoning food requirements, urbanization, and global climatic change have all dramatically affected the evolution and proliferation of ARB/ARGs, which now stand at extremely concerning ecological levels. While antimicrobial resistant bacteria and genes as they originate and emanate from livestock and human hosts have been extensively studied over the past 30 years, numerous ecological niches have received considerably less attention. In the current descriptive review, the authors have sought to highlight the importance of wildlife as sources/reservoirs, pathways and receptors of ARB/ARGs in the environment, thus paving the way for future primary research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la recherche vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, LR99ES09 Laboratoire de recherche «Résistance aux antimicrobiens» 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Badi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la recherche vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Lengliz
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la recherche vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Mansouri
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut de la recherche vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- Université Manouba, IRESA, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Paul Hynds
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Vibrio Derived from Farm-Raised Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1970) on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020136. [PMID: 35203739 PMCID: PMC8868497 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in intensive fish farming, which in turn increases the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the prevalence and determines the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli, Salmonella, and Vibrio in farmed fishes on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Over a period of 12 months, 32 aquaculture farms from the Malaysian states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, and Perak were sampled. Both E. coli and Salmonella were highly resistant to erythromycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, while Vibrio was highly resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin. Resistance to the antibiotics listed as the highest priority and critically important for human therapy, such as colistin in E. coli (18.1%) and Salmonella (20%) in fish, is a growing public health concern. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) levels of E. coli and Salmonella in tilapia were 46.5% and 77.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the MDR levels of E. coli, Salmonella, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae in Asian seabass were 34%, 100%, 21.6%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Our findings provide much-needed information on AMR in aquaculture settings that can be used to tailor better strategies for the use of antibiotics in aquaculture production at the local and regional levels.
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Liao CY, Balasubramanian B, Peng JJ, Tao SR, Liu WC, Ma Y. Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli From Aquaculture Farms and Their Environment in Zhanjiang, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:806653. [PMID: 35004933 PMCID: PMC8740034 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.806653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern worldwide. To evaluate the AMR of Escherichia coli in aquaculture farms of Zhanjiang, China, a total of 90 samples from the water, soil, and sediment of three aquaculture farms (farms I, II, and III) in Zhanjiang were collected, and 90 strains of E. coli were isolated for drug resistance analysis and AMR gene detection. The results indicated that the isolated 90 strains of E. coli have high resistance rates to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, compound sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and rifampin (≥70%). Among these antimicrobial drugs, the resistance rate to rifampicin is as high as 100%. Among the isolated 90 strains of E. coli, all of them were resistant to more than two kinds of antimicrobial drugs, the number of strains resistant to nine kinds of drugs was the largest (19 strains), and the most resistant strain showed resistance to 16 kinds of antibacterial drugs. Regarding the AMR genes, among the three aquaculture farms, the most resistance genes were detected in farm II (28 species). The detection rate of blaTEM, blaCIT, blaNDM, floR, OptrA, cmlA, aphA1, Sul2, oqxA, and qnrS in 90 isolates of E. coli was high (≥50%). The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant genes, such as blaKPC, blaIMP, and cfr, was relatively lower ( ≤ 30%), and the detection rate of mcr2 was the lowest (0). At least four AMR genes were detected for each strain, and 15 AMR genes were detected at most. Among them, the number of strains that carried 10 AMR genes was the largest (15 strains). Finally, a correlation analysis found that the AMR genes including blaTEM, blaCIT, floR, OptrA, cmlA, aac(3)-II, Sul2, ereA, ermB, oqxB, qnrA, mcr1, and mcr2 had a high correlation rate with drug resistance (≥50%). To summarize, the 90 strains of E. coli isolated from water, surrounding soil, and sediment samples showed resistance to multi-antimicrobial drugs and carried various antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, it is essential to strengthen the rational use of antimicrobial drugs, especially the amide alcohol drugs, and control the AMR in the aquaculture industry of Zhanjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Yi Liao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Jin-Ju Peng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Song-Ruo Tao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi Ma
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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21
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Majewski P, Gutowska A, Smith DGE, Hauschild T, Majewska P, Hryszko T, Gizycka D, Kedra B, Kochanowicz J, Glowiński J, Drewnowska J, Swiecicka I, Sacha PT, Wieczorek P, Iwaniuk D, Sulewska A, Charkiewicz R, Makarewicz K, Zebrowska A, Czaban S, Radziwon P, Niklinski J, Tryniszewska EA. Plasmid Mediated mcr-1.1 Colistin-Resistance in Clinical Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Poland. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:547020. [PMID: 34956105 PMCID: PMC8703133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.547020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The growing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is an inexorable and fatal challenge in modern medicine. Colistin is a cationic polypeptide considered a “last-resort” antimicrobial for treating infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Plasmid-borne mcr colistin resistance emerged recently, and could potentially lead to essentially untreatable infections, particularly in hospital and veterinary (livestock farming) settings. In this study, we sought to establish the molecular basis of colistin-resistance in six extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains. Methods: Molecular investigation of colistin-resistance was performed in six extraintestinal E. coli strains isolated from patients hospitalized in Medical University Hospital, Bialystok, Poland. Complete structures of bacterial chromosomes and plasmids were recovered with use of both short- and long-read sequencing technologies and Unicycler hybrid assembly. Moreover, an electrotransformation assay was performed in order to confirm IncX4 plasmid influence on colistin-resistance phenotype in clinical E. coli strains. Results: Here we report on the emergence of six mcr-1.1-producing extraintestinal E. coli isolates with a number of virulence factors. Mobile pEtN transferase-encoding gene, mcr-1.1, has been proved to be encoded within a type IV secretion system (T4SS)-containing 33.3 kbp IncX4 plasmid pMUB-MCR, next to the PAP2-like membrane-associated lipid phosphatase gene. Conclusion: IncX4 mcr-containing plasmids are reported as increasingly disseminated among E. coli isolates, making it an “epidemic” plasmid, responsible for (i) dissemination of colistin-resistance determinants between different E. coli clones, and (ii) circulation between environmental, industrial, and clinical settings. Great effort needs to be taken to avoid further dissemination of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance among clinically relevant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Majewski
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - David G E Smith
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Hryszko
- Second Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Gizycka
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Kedra
- Second Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Glowiński
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Justyna Drewnowska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Pawel T Sacha
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Iwaniuk
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anetta Sulewska
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Charkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Slawomir Czaban
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Elzbieta A Tryniszewska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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22
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Hassan J, Mann D, Li S, Deng X, Kassem II. First report of the mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-9.1, in Morganella morganii isolated from sewage in Georgia, USA. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 29:540-541. [PMID: 34896654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jouman Hassan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - David Mann
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - Shaoting Li
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - Xiangyu Deng
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA.
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White-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in protected Danube wetlands as carriers of Escherichia coli with resistance and virulence genes. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Occurrence of the Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 and Additional Antibiotic Resistance Genes in ESBL/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry in Lebanon: A Nationwide Survey. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0002521. [PMID: 34494875 PMCID: PMC8557922 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00025-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine genomic characteristics of expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Escherichia coli spreading in healthy broilers in Lebanon in 2018. Rectal swabs (n = 280) from 56 farms were screened for the presence of ESC-resistant E. coli isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC production were determined by the disk diffusion method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 102 representative isolates of E. coli was performed to determine their phylogenetic diversity, serotypes, sequence types (ST), acquired resistance genes, and virulence-associated genes. Fifty-two out of 56 farms housed broilers carrying ESC-resistant E. coli isolates. These farms had large and recurrent antimicrobial practices, using, for some of them, critically important antibiotics for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Among the 102 sequenced multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates, the proportion of ESBL, plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producers, and ESBL/pAmpC coproducers was 60%, 27.6%, and 12.4%, respectively. The most prevalent ESBL/pAmpC genes were blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, and blaCTX-M-14b (n = 42, n = 31, n =15, n = 9, and n = 7, respectively). These ESBL/pAmpC producers were distributed in different STs, most being well-known avian-associated and sometimes pathogenic STs (ST-10, ST-48, ST-93, ST-115, ST-117, and ST-457). Phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis confirmed their genetic diversity and wide dispersion across the Lebanese territory. Most isolates were also resistant to ciprofloxacin (101/102 with 3 QRDR mutations), and 19/102 isolates from 11 unrelated STs also carried the mobile resistance gene mcr-1. This survey illustrates the alarming prevalence of MDR E. coli resistant to medically important antibiotics in broilers in Lebanon. This advocates the need for surveillance programs of antimicrobial resistance in Lebanon and the reduction of excessive use of antibiotics to limit the spread of MDR E. coli in food-producing animals. IMPORTANCE Poultry production is a main contributor of the global trend of antimicrobial resistance arising from food-producing animals worldwide. In Lebanon, inappropriate use of antibiotics is frequent in chickens for prophylactic reasons and to improve productivity, resulting in an alarming prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli, also resistant to other medically important antibiotics (i.e., colistin and ciprofloxacin). Their complex genomic epidemiology highlighted by an important genetic diversity suggests that these resistance determinants are largely spreading in enteric bacteria in Lebanese poultry. Further molecular surveillance is needed to understand the country-specific epidemiology of ESBL/AmpC and mcr-1 genes in Lebanese poultry production. In addition, decisive interventions are urgently needed in order to ban the use of critically important antibiotics for human medicine in food-producing animals and limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in Lebanon.
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25
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Dagher LA, Hassan J, Kharroubi S, Jaafar H, Kassem II. Nationwide Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers across Lebanon by Quantifying Fecal Indicators Densities and Profiling Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070883. [PMID: 34356804 PMCID: PMC8300662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of contaminated water has been associated with severe disease outbreaks. Due to widespread pollution with untreated sewage, concerns have been raised over water quality in Lebanon, a country with well-documented challenges in infrastructure. Here, we evaluated the water quality of major rivers in Lebanon by quantifying the densities of fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli). Additionally, we assessed the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in river water. Composite water samples (n = 132) were collected from fourteen rivers, and 378 E. coli were isolated and analyzed. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in 96.29% and 95.5% of the samples, respectively. Additionally, 73.48–61.3% and 31.81% of the samples exceeded the microbiological acceptability standards for irrigation and the fecal coliform limit for recreational activities, respectively. The E. coli exhibited resistance to ampicillin (40% of isolates), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (42%), cefepime (4%), cefotaxime (14%), cefalexin (46%), cefixime (17%), doripenem (0.3%), imipenem (0.5%), gentamicin (6%), kanamycin (9%), streptomycin (35%), tetracycline (35%), ciprofloxacin (10%), norfloxacin (7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32%), and chloramphenicol (13%). Notably, 45.8% of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). Our results highlight the need to urgently address fecal pollution and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Lebanese rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A. Dagher
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (L.A.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Jouman Hassan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (L.A.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Hadi Jaafar
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (L.A.D.); (S.K.)
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Emergence of the Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene, mcr-1, in Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Isolated from the Fecal Matter of Toddlers in a Community. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00243-21. [PMID: 33593846 PMCID: PMC8092863 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00243-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is one of the few first-line options for treating complicated infections with certain multidrug-resistant bacteria (1).….
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27
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Al-Mir H, Osman M, Drapeau A, Hamze M, Madec JY, Haenni M. WGS Analysis of Clonal and Plasmidic Epidemiology of Colistin-Resistance Mediated by mcr Genes in the Poultry Sector in Lebanon. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:624194. [PMID: 33763043 PMCID: PMC7982416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.624194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry and poultry meat are important contributors to the global antimicrobial burden. Unregulated and illegal use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in this sector has long been identified as a major cause of massive spread of ESC-resistant Escherichia coli, and colistin usage is considered a main driver of plasmid-mediated mcr genes dissemination. In Lebanon, the first mcr-1-positive E. coli found in poultry dates back to 2015, followed by a few reports of mcr-1-positive E. coli in poultry, swine, humans, and the environment. On the contrary, a comprehensive picture of the population structure of mcr-1-positive E. coli and mcr-1-bearing plasmids carrying the mcr-1 gene using whole-genome analysis is largely lacking. This study reports the prevalence of mcr-1-positive E. coli in poultry originating from 32 farms across three Lebanese governorates and slaughtered in the same place. We report 27/32 (84.4%) mcr-1 positive farms, leading to a total of 84 non-duplicate E. coli collected, of which 62 presented the mcr-1 gene. Numerous associated resistances were identified, including to ESC through the presence of bla CTX-M or bla CMY genes. The mcr-1 gene was mostly carried by IncX4 (n = 36) and IncI2 (n = 24) plasmids, which are both known for their efficient transfer capacities. A high genetic diversity was detected, arguing for the lack of contamination during the slaughter process. ST744 and ST1011 were the most widely identified clones, which have been both regularly associated to mcr-1-carrying E. coli and to the poultry sector. The wide dissemination of colistin-resistance, coupled to resistances to ESC and numerous other molecules, should urge authorities to implement efficient guidelines for the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Al-Mir
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Université de Lyon – ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- Université de Lyon – ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Université de Lyon – ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Université de Lyon – ANSES Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
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Puvača N, de Llanos Frutos R. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Humans and Pet Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:69. [PMID: 33450827 PMCID: PMC7828219 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout scientific literature, we can find evidence that antimicrobial resistance has become a big problem in the recent years on a global scale. Public healthcare systems all over the world are faced with a great challenge in this respect. Obviously, there are many bacteria that can cause infections in humans and animals alike, but somehow it seems that the greatest threat nowadays comes from the Enterobacteriaceae members, especially Escherichia coli. Namely, we are witnesses to the fact that the systems that these bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics are the strongest and most diverse in Enterobacteriaceae. Our great advantage is in understanding the systems that bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics, so these can help us understand the connection between these microorganisms and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance both in humans and their pets. Furthermore, unfavorable conditions related to the ease of E. coli transmission via the fecal-oral route among humans, environmental sources, and animals only add to the problem. For all the above stated reasons, it is evident that the epidemiology of E. coli strains and resistance mechanisms they have developed over time are extremely significant topics and all scientific findings in this area will be of vital importance in the fight against infections caused by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Puvača
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Cvećarska 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rosa de Llanos Frutos
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
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Kharroubi S, Nasser NA, El-Harakeh MD, Sulaiman AA, Kassem II. First Nation-Wide Analysis of Food Safety and Acceptability Data in Lebanon. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111717. [PMID: 33266478 PMCID: PMC7700422 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges to food safety in Lebanon are numerous and have coalesced to pose a serious public health concern. This is evident in well-documented food poisoning outbreaks and adulteration cases. In response, the Lebanese government initiated an unprecedented food safety campaign (2015–2017) that aimed to test food samples that were randomly collected from foodservices and industries across the country. The data were made available publicly, but they were never analyzed to prioritize and determine high risk foods and most prevalent contaminants nationally or across governorates. To answer these questions, we performed an in-depth statistical analysis of the data, which included 11,625 individual food samples. Our analysis showed that water (55% of tested water samples), spices (49.3%), red meat (34.4%), poultry (30.9%) and dairy (28.3%) were the main foods associated with the highest rejection rates. The most common biological contaminants detected in rejected foods were sulfate-reducing bacteria (34.7%), Escherichia coli (32.1%), coliforms (19.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.8%), and Salmonella (11.6%). We conclude that Lebanon needs rigorous and sustainable programs to monitor the quality and safety of foods. Given the lack of resources, we recommend putting emphasis on extensive outreach programs that aim at enhancing food safety knowledge from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Nivin A. Nasser
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA;
| | - Marwa Diab El-Harakeh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (S.K.); (M.D.E.-H.); (A.A.S.)
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA;
- Correspondence: or
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