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Sun Y, Feng J, Hou W, Qi H, Liu Y. Comprehensive insights into areca nut: active components and omics technologies for bioactivity evaluation and quality control. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407212. [PMID: 38873426 PMCID: PMC11169615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN), the fruit or seed of Areca catechu Linn, has many uses, including chewing and medicinal purposes. It has sparked worries about health due to the presence of alkaloids. Chewing AN may have a variety of negative consequences; however, the medicinal use of AN has no notable adverse effects. To completely understand and effectively use AN, researchers have investigated its chemical makeup or biological activity, analyzed the variations between different AN species and different periods, and improved extraction and processing procedures. Today, an increasing number of researchers are exploring the underlying reasons for AN variations, as well as the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis of chemical components, to comprehend and change AN at the genetic level. This review presents an overview of the clinical study, pharmacology, and detection of the main bioactive components in AN, and the main factors influencing their content, delving into the omics applications in AN research. On the basis of the discussions and summaries, this review identifies current research gaps and proposes future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Wencheng Hou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Huasha Qi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education and National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou, China
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Zhao J, Shi J, Chen X, Lei Y, Tian T, Zhu S, Tan CP, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Development and application of mass spectrometric molecular networking for analyzing the ingredients of areca nut. Mol Omics 2024; 20:192-202. [PMID: 38224158 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is commonly consumed as a chewing food in the Asian region. However, the investigations into the components of areca nut are limited. In this study, we have developed an approach that combines mass spectrometry with feature-based molecular network to explore the chemical characteristics of the areca nut. In comparison to the conventional method, this technique demonstrates a superior capability in annotating unknown compounds present in areca nut. We annotated a total of 52 compounds, including one potential previously unreported alkaloid, one carbohydrate, and one phenol and confirmed the presence of 7 of them by comparing with commercial standards. The validated method was used to evaluate chemical features of areca nut at different growth stages, annotating 25 compounds as potential biomarkers for distinguishing areca nut growth stages. Therefore, this approach offers a rapid and accurate method for the component analysis of areca nut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanluo Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 410500, Malaysia
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Tong T, Xu A, Tan S, Jiang H, Liu L, Deng S, Wang H. Biological Effects and Biomedical Applications of Areca Nut and Its Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:228. [PMID: 38399443 PMCID: PMC10893415 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dried, mature fruit of the palm tree species Areca catechu L. is known as the areca nut (AN) or betel nut. It is widely cultivated in the tropical regions. In many nations, AN is utilized for traditional herbal treatments or social activities. AN has historically been used to address various health issues, such as diarrhea, arthritis, dyspepsia, malaria, and so on. In this review, we have conducted a comprehensive summary of the biological effects and biomedical applications of AN and its extracts. Initially, we provided an overview of the constituents in AN extract. Subsequently, we summarized the biological effects of AN and its extracts on the digestive system, nervous system, and circulatory system. And we elucidated the contributions of AN and its extracts in antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial applications. Finally, we have discussed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the utilization of AN and its extracts as emerging pharmaceuticals or valuable adjuncts within the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Aiqing Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shuhua Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hengzhi Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Senwen Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan Binglang Science Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Wang Y, Wu J, Li L, Yao Y, Chen C, Hong Y, Chai Y, Liu W. Effects of Tannic Acid Supplementation of a High-Carbohydrate Diet on the Growth, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Antioxidant Capacity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Liver and Intestinal Health of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:6682798. [PMID: 38274322 PMCID: PMC10810693 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6682798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary tannic acid (TA) supplementation of a high-carbohydrate diet on growth, feed utilization, whole-body proximate composition, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant capacity, digestive enzyme activity, and liver and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (initial mean weight: 8.08 ± 0.08 g). Five diets were prepared, including a positive control (dietary carbohydrate level, 16%, LC0), a negative control (dietary carbohydrate level, 21%, HC0), and three TA-supplementation diets based on the negative control diet with TA addition at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. After 8 weeks of feeding, the results showed that compared with the LC0 diet, 400-800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly improved the survival rate of largemouth bass (P < 0.05) while significantly reducing its weight-gain rate and specific growth rate (P < 0.05). Compared with the HC0 diet, 400 mg/kg dietary TA significantly increased serum catalase activity (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde, liver glycogen, lightness (L ∗), and yellowness (b ∗) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the HC0 diet, 200-400 mg/kg dietary TA effectively improved the vacuolation of hepatocytes caused by the high-carbohydrate diet and reduced the occurrence of intestinal epithelial cell vacuolation and necrosis. In turn, 800 mg/kg dietary TA significantly inhibited protease activity in the pyloric caecum and intestine (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TA inhibited protease activity, which resulted in decreased growth performance in largemouth bass. However, it was also found that 200-400 mg/kg TA enhanced the antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass in the case of the high-carbohydrate diet, reduced liver glycogen levels, and improved liver and intestinal health. Finally, it should be noted that, when the dietary TA level exceeded 800 mg/kg, TA appeared to play a pro-oxidation role in the liver, which may cause oxidative stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- The College of Agriculture/College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Wuhan SunHY Biology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Luoxin Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanfeng Yao
- Wufeng Chicheng Biotech Co. Ltd., Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Chiqing Chen
- Wufeng Chicheng Biotech Co. Ltd., Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yucong Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Larvae Feed, Guangdong Yuequn Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Chai
- The College of Agriculture/College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
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Song D, Deng Q, Chen H. What can traditional plant therapy do in the face of Covid-19? Examples from traditional Chinese medicine. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:56-66. [PMID: 38223591 PMCID: PMC10782358 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Until June 2022, more than 540.9 million people had been diagnosed with COVID-19, and the pandemic had claimed more than six million lives worldwide. Two years after fighting the virus, we faced a more uncertain position. SARS-CoV-2 is constantly mutating and reappears regularly, particularly with Omicron variants showing high genetic variation and immune escape mechanisms. The efficacy and duration of protection of existing vaccines against new variants of SARS-CoV-2 remains uncertain. The world needs time to develop new variant-specific drugs, including monoclonal topics, vaccines, and other antiviral drugs, to fight the epidemic. Objective The aim of this study was to illustrate the scientific, effective and systematic nature of three classical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of COVID-19 through comparison of disease symptoms, diagnostic process, and treatment methods and evidence-based and pharmacological studies. Methods We analysed the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia" (Version 9) made by China, "WHO-2019-nCoV-therapeutics", "Therapeutic Guidelines" published by Australian Therapeutic Guidelines Limited, "Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases)", "Jinkui Yaolue (Golden Chamber Synopsis), and "Wenyi Lun (The Epidemic Febrile Disease)". We manually retrieved the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine (Version II). In addition, we searched the Wiley online library, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), VIP, WHO website, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant literature from 2001 to 2022. We searched the original plants, ingredients, pharmacology, functions and indications, usage and dosage, drug efficacy, literature sources, and conduct an evidence-based studies. We quantified the strength of pharmacological action to show the pertinence of disease development. Results We found that the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection caused by epidemic disease in TCM classics is consistent with the diagnostic process of modern medical therapeutic guidelines. The three classic prescriptions have significant symptomatic therapeutic effects on the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary and hematological symptoms of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. It was found that the herbal functional group of Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), etc showed strong anti-inflammatory activity and had a positive effect on treating and preventing the outbreaks of systemic inflammatory factors. Conclusion TCM can obtain obvious curative effect in symptomatic treatment, has strong anti-inflammatory effect, and can effectively reduce symptoms and patients' pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hualiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Curative Effects of Dianthus orientalis against Paracetamol Triggered Oxidative Stress, Hepatic and Renal Injuries in Rabbit as an Experimental Model. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study investigates the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and hematopoietic and antioxidant effects of Dianthus orientalis leaves aqueous extract (DO.AQ) in rabbits intoxicated with paracetamol. Different experimental groups were formed, i.e., group N, group T, group ELD, group EMD, group EHD and group SM. The groups with leaves aqueous extract of Dianthus orientalis of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, i.e., group EMD and group EHD, showed remedial effects; however, a high dose extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase ALT, aspartate transaminase AST and alkaline phosphatase ALP and renal related indices such as serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, and serum electrolytes such as Ca, Mg, P, Na and K, as well as the total count of RBC, WBC, platelets and hemoglobin Hb concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH concentration and hematocrit HCT values. Additionally, the extract showed positive effects on the lipid profile, i.e., decreasing levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL and increasing levels of HDL. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS, glutathione GSH and radical scavenging activity were also evaluated in liver and kidney homogenates. Paracetamol fed animals had high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and low levels of glutathione GSH and radical scavenging activity (RSA). Extract ingestion caused a significant increase in glutathione and radical scavenging activity RSA levels, while reducing the (TBARS) levels, showing that the extracts have antioxidant potentials. The antioxidant capacity of the Dianthus orientalis leaves aqueous extract at various dosages demonstrated an increased inhibition of DPPH, i.e., 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylehydrazyle free radical. The histological study of the liver and kidney supports the protective activity of Dianthus orientalis leaves aqueous extract against paracetamol intoxication with optimistic effects regarding oxidative stress condition and serum electrolytes balance.
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Chaikhong K, Chumpolphant S, Rangsinth P, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Chuchawankul S, Tencomnao T, Prasansuklab A. Antioxidant and Anti-Skin Aging Potential of Selected Thai Plants: In Vitro Evaluation and In Silico Target Prediction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010065. [PMID: 36616194 PMCID: PMC9823845 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ that performs a variety of the body's essential functions. Impairment of skin structure and functions during the aging process might severely impact our health and well-being. Extensive evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species play a fundamental role in skin aging through the activation of the related degradative enzymes. Here, the 16 Thai medicinal plant species were screened for their potential anti-skin aging properties. All extracts were investigated for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, anti-elastase, and anti-tyrosinase activities, as well as the binding ability of compounds with target enzymes by molecular docking. Among all the plants screened, the leaves of A. occidentale and G. zeylanicum exhibited strong antioxidants and inhibition against elastase and tyrosinase. Other potential plants include S. alata leaf and A. catechu fruit, with relatively high anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activities, respectively. These results are also consistent with docking studies of compounds derived from these plants. The inhibitory actions were found to be more highly positively correlated with phenolics than flavonoids. Taken together, our findings reveal some Thai plants, along with candidate compounds as natural sources of antioxidants and potent inhibitors of elastase and tyrosinase, could be developed as promising and effective agents for skin aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Chaikhong
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sawarin Chumpolphant
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Aqueous extract of Piper betle L. leaf and Areca catechu L. nut protects against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and positively modulates cognitive function in adult Zebrafish. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yang Y, Huang H, Cui Z, Chu J, Du G. UPLC-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Bioactive Anti-Depression Compounds in Betel Nut. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4827-4836. [PMID: 34880597 PMCID: PMC8645950 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s335312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Betel nuts have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In our study, the bioactive components of betel nut were systematically investigated, and the main components and their target genes in the treatment of depression were predicted. Methods The metabolites of the kernels and peels were analyzed with a UPLC–MS/MS system. Mass spectrometry outcomes were annotated by MULTIAQUANT. “Compound‐disease targets” were utilized to construct a pharmacology network. Results A total of 873 metabolites were identified, with a high abundance of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols. Moreover, the abundance of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols in the kernel was significantly higher than that in the peel. A high abundance of catechin, arginine, and phenylalanine was detected in the kernel, while a high abundance of arginine, arecoline, and aminobutyric acid was detected in the peel. Catechins and cyanoside were the most abundant flavonoids in the kernel and peel, respectively. Arecoline was the most abundant alkaloid. A total of 111 metabolites showed a significant difference between the kernels and peels. The relative abundance of 40 differential metabolites was higher than 100,000, including 14 primary metabolites, 12 flavonoids, 4 phenols, and 4 alkaloids. Among the 40 high abundance metabolites, 20 were higher in the kernel and 20 in the peel. In addition, the enrichment of metabolic pathways found that the kernel and peel of the fruit adopted different metabolic pathways for the synthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids. Network pharmacology prediction showed that 93 metabolites could target 141 depression-related genes. The main components of betel nut intervention in depression were predicted to include L-phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, okanin, nicotinic acid, L-tyrosine, benzocaine, syringic acid, benzocaine, phloretic acid, cynaroside, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. Conclusion Betel nuts are rich in natural metabolites, and some of these metabolites can participate in the intervention of depression. In addition, the metabolites showed distinct characteristics between the kernel and peel. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively and rationally use betel nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Yang
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Huang
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guankui Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Biotechnology and Biochemisty Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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Wei PL, Hung CS, Lu HH, Batzorig U, Huang CY, Chang YJ. Areca nut extract (ANE) inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activation of ROS production and activation of autophagy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3452-3462. [PMID: 34522171 PMCID: PMC8436086 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health problem. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for HCC patients. Chewing areca nut is closely associated with oral cancer and liver cirrhosis. The therapeutic effect of areca nut extract (ANE) on HCC is unknown. Our results revealed that ANE treatment caused a reduction in cell viability and an increase in cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor progression in xenograft models. ANE-treated didn't induce liver tumor in nude mice. For mechanism dissection, ANE treatment caused ROS-mediated autophagy and lysosome formation. Pretreatment with an ROS inhibitor, aminoguanidine hemisulfate (AGH), abolished ANE-induced ROS production. ANE treated cells caused an increase in light chain 3 (LC3)-I to -II conversion, anti-thymocyte globulin 5+12 (ATG5+12), and beclin levels, and apoptosis related-protein changes (an increases in BAX, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), and a decrease in the Bcl-2 level). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the ANE may be a new potential compound for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Hung
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Uyanga Batzorig
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zin NNINM, Mohamad MN, Roslan K, Abdul Wafi S, Abdul Moin NI, Alias A, Zakaria Y, Abu-Bakar N. In Vitro Antimalarial and Toxicological Activities of Quercus infectoria (Olivier) Gall Extracts. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:36-50. [PMID: 32863744 PMCID: PMC7444841 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance in common antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin-based combination therapies, has necessitated the discovery of new drugs with novel mechanisms of action. In the present study, the in vitro antimalarial and toxicological activities of acetone, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Quercus infectoria (Q. infectoria) galls were investigated. METHODS The extracts were assessed for the antimalarial potential using a malarial SYBR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay, while the toxicity was screened by using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT), haemolytic assay, and cytotoxicity assay against normal embryo fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3) and normal kidney epithelial cell line (Vero). RESULTS The acetone extract showed the highest antimalarial activity (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 5.85 ± 1.64 μg/mL), followed by the methanol extract (IC50 = 10.31 ± 1.90 μg/mL). Meanwhile, the ethanol and aqueous extracts displayed low antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 20.00 ± 1.57 and 30.95 μg/mL ± 1.27 μg/mL, respectively. The significant antimalarial activity was demonstrated in all extracts and artemisinin (P < 0.05). All extracts were non-toxic to brine shrimps (50% lethality concentration, LC50 > 1000 ppm). Furthermore, no occurrence of haemolysis (< 5%) was observed in normal erythrocytes when treated with all extracts compared to Triton X-100 that caused 100% haemolysis (P < 0.05). The acetone and methanol extracts were non-toxic to the normal cell lines and statistically significant to artemisinin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together with satisfactory selectivity index (SI) values, the acetone and methanol extracts of Q. infectoria galls could serve as an alternative, promising and safe antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mira Nabila Mohamad
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Keusar Roslan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sazeli Abdul Wafi
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurul I'zaaz Abdul Moin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Azamuddin Alias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yusmazura Zakaria
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Two New Flavonoids from the Nuts of Areca catechu. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162862. [PMID: 31394749 PMCID: PMC6721780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, calquiquelignan M (1), calquiquelignan N (2), along with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from the nuts of Areca catechu (Palmae). The new structures, including absolute configurations, were established by a combination of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. The known compounds were identified by comparing their spectroscopic data with reported in the literature. The flavonoids compounds (1–8) were evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities against three human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 49.8 and 53.6 μM, respectively.
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Xue W, Zhang M, Zhao F, Wang F, Gao J, Wang L. Long-term durability antibacterial microcapsules with plant-derived Chinese nutgall and their applications in wound dressing. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWound infection is a significant burden on public health. Most present antibacterial agents are typically toxic and devoid of long-term durability. We reported an antimicrobial microcapsule with Chinese nutgall (CN) encapsulated, which was a plant-derived extraction. It is biocompatible and has been used in traditional medicine systems. Sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan worked as shells. The promise of the design is to adopt biocompatible natural polymers and electrostatic attractive chitosan and SA form stable shells to keep long-term release of CN. The results exhibited microcapsules with integrated performance of biocompatibility, long-term durability (inhibition rate of 98.99% against S. aureus after 12 h and 100% after 12 h, 99.61% against E. coli after 6 h and 100% after 12 h), high antibacterial efficacy (with S. aureus inhibition zones of 7.67 mm and E. coli inhibition zones of 5.27 mm) and ease of storage (-20°C for more than 60 h). Their successful fabrication may provide new insights into application of traditional cotton gauze in a sustainable and multifunctional form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Key laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Mengxing Zhang
- Key laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Key laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
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Salem GA, Shaban A, Diab HA, Elsaghayer WA, Mjedib MD, Hnesh AM, Sahu RP. Phoenix dactylifera protects against oxidative stress and hepatic injury induced by paracetamol intoxication in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:366-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Sari LM, Subita GP, Auerkari EI. Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma. F1000Res 2018; 7:723. [PMID: 31448077 PMCID: PMC6668048 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14856.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Meutia Sari
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Gus Permana Subita
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Sari LM, Subita GP, Auerkari EI. Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma. F1000Res 2018; 7:723. [PMID: 31448077 PMCID: PMC6668048 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14856.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Meutia Sari
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Gus Permana Subita
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Sari LM, Subita GP, Auerkari EI. Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma. F1000Res 2018; 7:723. [PMID: 31448077 PMCID: PMC6668048 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14856.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Meutia Sari
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Gus Permana Subita
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Sari LM, Subita GP, Auerkari EI. Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma. F1000Res 2018; 7:723. [PMID: 31448077 PMCID: PMC6668048 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14856.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Meutia Sari
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Gus Permana Subita
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Sari LM, Subita GP, Auerkari EI. Areca nut extract demonstrated apoptosis-inducing mechanism by increased caspase-3 activities on oral squamous cell carcinoma. F1000Res 2018; 7:723. [PMID: 31448077 PMCID: PMC6668048 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14856.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a neoplasm of keratinocyte cells of oral mucosa epithelium that can potentially spread through lymphatic tissue or blood vessel. Although areca nut is one of the plants with a risk of inducing that cancer, areca nut is believed to have high antioxidant properties. Due to the current interest in the apoptosis effects from areca nut for oral cancer treatment, we investigated its ability to induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in oral cancer cell lines: HSC-2 and HSC-3. Methods: We examined the effect of areca nut on apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells. Flow cytometry was conducted for the quantification of the cells that were apoptotic and expressing the caspase-3 enzyme for 24 and 48 hours. Results: Areca nut induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in late apoptosis of HSC-2 cells and mostly occurred over 48 hours. The study also found that in HSC-3, there were significant increases (p<0.01) the percentage of cells in early apoptosis after 24 hours and late apoptosis at 48 hours. Caspase-3 activity increased after 24 and 48 hours of areca nut exposure in both cells. Conclusions: The study showed that areca nut could be considered as a potential anticancer agent through its capability in inducing a caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Meutia Sari
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Gus Permana Subita
- Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Gallnuts: A Potential Treasure in Anticancer Drug Discovery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4930371. [PMID: 29785193 PMCID: PMC5896229 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4930371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. In the discovery of more potent and selective anticancer drugs, the research continually expands and explores new bioactive metabolites coming from different natural sources. Gallnuts are a group of very special natural products formed through parasitic interaction between plants and insects. Though it has been traditionally used as a source of drugs for the treatment of cancerous diseases in traditional and folk medicinal systems through centuries, the anticancer properties of gallnuts are barely systematically reviewed. Objective. To evidence the traditional uses and phytochemicals and pharmacological mechanisms in anticancer aspects of gallnuts, a literature review was performed. Materials and Methods. The systematic review approach consisted of searching web-based scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The keywords for searching include gallnut, Galla Chinensis, Rhus chinensis, Rhus potaninii, Rhus punjabensis, nutgall, gall oak, Quercus infectoria, Quercus lusitanica, and galla turcica. Two reviewers extracted papers independently to remove the papers unrelated to the anticancer properties of gallnuts. Patents, abstracts, case reports, and abstracts in symposium and congress were excluded. Results and Conclusion. As a result, 14 articles were eligible to be evaluated. It is primarily evident that gallnuts contain a number of bioactive metabolites, which account for anticancer activities. The phytochemical and pharmacological studies reviewed strongly underpin a fundamental understanding of anticancer properties for gallnuts (Galla Chinensis and Galla Turcica) and support their ongoing clinical uses in China. The further bioactive compounds screening and evaluation, pharmacological investigation, and clinical trials are expected to progress gallnut-based development to finally transform the wild medicinal gallnuts to the valuable authorized anticancer drugs.
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Lin Q, Jia Z, Xu X, Xu S, Han T, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu H, Li J, Li X. Sub-chronic toxicity study of arecae semen aqueous extract in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:176-183. [PMID: 28847753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arecae semen, the ripe seed of Areca catechu L., has been used as vermifuge and digestant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the potential toxicity effect of arecae semen has not been completely investigated. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was aimed at evaluating the sub-chronic toxicity of arecae semen by oral administration in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (15 males and 15 females per group). The treated groups were given arecae semen aqueous extract (ASAE) at the dose of 750, 1500 and 4500mg/kg/day by oral administration respectively, and the control group was received distilled water only. The rats and their consumed feed were weighted every 3 days. The clinical changes and mortality were observed and recorded daily. Hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, organ weights, urinalysis and histopathological examination of all rats were tested at the end of the 30-day treatment period and another 10-day recovery period. RESULTS Deaths, weight loss, diarrhea, sluggish action, tremors and body curl up were observed in the 1500 and 4500mg/kg groups during the study. The relative organ weights of liver and testis in male rats of 4500mg/kg group were significantly different compared with the control group at the end of the treatment period. As for laboratory parameters, there were no significant differences at the dose of 1500 and 4500mg/kg groups compared with the control group in the study, except the white blood cell count (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), glucose (GLU) and total cholesterol (CHOL). In addition, the results of histopathological examination and feed intake showed no significant difference compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that ASAE at the dose of 750mg/kg/day was safe, but long-term oral administration of ASAE with high dosage was toxic. Moreover, the toxic ingredients of ASAE including arecoline, and also some other compounds should be researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhe Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shuya Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ting Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangri Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan Nan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
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Li S, Chen R, Luo K, Guo Y, Xiao M, Du G. Areca nut extract protects against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2893-2899. [PMID: 28587356 PMCID: PMC5450612 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a crucial pathogenic factor for osteoporosis. Areca nuts are rich in phenolics, which have high antioxidant activity. In the present study, an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mouse model was used to investigate the protective effects of areca nut extract (ANE) on bone loss and related processes. A total of 24 8-week-old female mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 per group): I Sham-operated control; II, bilateral OVX; and III, bilateral OVX + ANE. Group III were treated orally with ANE at a single dose of 300 mg/kg body weight daily for 6 months. ANE supplementation for 6 months improved trabecular bone microarchitecture and significantly increased bone mineral density in the distal femur (P<0.05) compared with Group II. Furthermore, serum levels of the osteoclast differentiation-inducing factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (both P<0.05), in OVX mice and these effects were significantly inhibited by ANE treatment (both P<0.05). ANE supplementation also resulted in significantly decreased serum hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels compared with Group II, while the levels of glutathione and catalase activity were significantly increased (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The current study indicated that the protective effects of ANE against bone loss were mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of the release of ROS and bone resorption. These results suggested that ANE could have therapeutic value in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Clinical College of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Agribusiness Central Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Guankui Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
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Gnanaraj C, Shah MD, Makki JS, Iqbal M. Hepatoprotective effects of Flagellaria indica are mediated through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1420-1433. [PMID: 26810847 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context The antioxidative properties of plants or plant derivative products are well known for their free radical scavenging effects. Flagellaria indica L. (Flagellariaceae) (FI) is a tropical medicinal plant used by the natives of Sabah as medication for semi-paralysis. Objective This study evaluates the hepatoprotective mechanism of FI against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated liver damage. Materials and methods Aqueous extract of FI leaves was orally administered to adult Sprague-Dawley rats once daily for 14 consecutive days at 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg b.w. prior to CCl4 treatment (1.0 mL/kg b.w.) on the 13th and 14th days. Results Total phenolic content in the aqueous extract of FI leaves was 65.88 ± 1.84 mg gallic acid equivalent/g. IC50 value for free radical scavenging activity of FI aqueous extract was reached at the concentration of 400 μg/mL. Biochemical studies show that the aqueous extract of FI was able to prevent the increase in levels of serum transaminases, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase (38-74% recovery), and malondialdehyde formation (25-87% recovery) in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical results evidenced the suppression of oxidative stress markers (4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and pro-inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2). Histopathological and hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations proved that there were protective effects in FI against CCl4-mediated liver injury. Signs of toxicity were not present in rats treated with FI alone (500 mg/kg b.w.). Discussion and conclusion It can be concluded that the presence of phenolic constituents and their antioxidative effects can be credited to the hepatoprotective activity of FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Gnanaraj
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah , Sabah , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah , Sabah , Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad Iqbal
- a Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah , Sabah , Malaysia
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Peng W, Liu YJ, Wu N, Sun T, He XY, Gao YX, Wu CJ. Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:340-356. [PMID: 25681543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae), widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia, is a popular traditional herbal medicine that can be chewed for the purpose of dispersing accumulated fluid in the abdominal cavity and killing worms. The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review on the traditional uses and advances in the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of this plant. Furthermore, the possible trends and a perspective for future research of this plant are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed on A. catechu based on classic books of herbal medicine, PhD. and MSc. dissertations, government reports, the state and local drug standards, scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others. Various types of information regarding this plant are discussed in corresponding parts of this paper. In addition, perspectives for possible future studies of A. catechu are discussed. RESULTS The seeds of A. catechu (areca nut) have been widely used in clinical practice in China, India and other South and Southeast Asian Countries. Currently, over 59 compounds have been isolated and identified from A. catechu, including alkaloids, tannins, flavones, triterpenes, steroids, and fatty acids. The extracts and compounds isolated from A. catechu have many pharmacological activities. These include antiparasitic effects, anti-depressive effects, anti-fatigue effects, antioxidant effects, antibacterial and antifungal effects, antihypertensive effects, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, anti-allergic effects, the promotion of digestive functions, suppression of platelet aggregation, regulatory effects on blood glucose and lipids, etc. Although arecoline is the primary active constituent of A. catechu, it is also the primary toxic compound. The main toxicities of arecoline are the promotion of oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) and cytotoxic effects on normal human cells, which involve inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION As an important herbal medicine, A. catechu has potential for the treatment of many diseases, especially parasitic diseases, digestive function disorders, and depression. Many traditional uses of A. catechu have now been validated by current investigations. However, further research should be undertaken to investigate the clinical effects, toxic constituents, target organs, and pharmacokinetics and to establish criteria for quality control for A. catechu-derived medications. In addition, it will be interesting to investigate the active macromolecular compounds and active constituents other than alkaloids in both raw and processed products of A. catechu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Na Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Yong-Xiang Gao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
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Hydrolysable tannin fed to entire male pigs affects intestinal production, tissue deposition and hepatic clearance of skatole. Vet J 2015; 204:162-7. [PMID: 25890671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of adding hydrolysable tannins to the diet of fattening boars was studied. Performance, reproductive organ weights, salivary gland morphology, boar taint compounds and skatole metabolism were evaluated. At 123 days of age and 52 ± 6 kg liveweight, 24 Landrace × Large White boars were assigned within a litter to four treatment groups: control (T0 fed mixture with 13.2 MJ/kg, 17.5% crude proteins) and three experimental diets for which the T0 diet was supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% of hydrolysable tannin-rich extract (T1, T2 and T3, respectively). Pigs were kept individually with ad libitum access to feed and water and slaughtered at 193 days of age and 122 ± 10 kg liveweight. Adding hydrolysable tannins to the diet had no negative effect on growth performance at 1% and 2%, whereas the 3% inclusion reduced feed intake and resulted in an adaptive response of the salivary glands (particularly parotid gland hypertrophy). Relative to T0, fat tissue skatole concentration was increased in the T1 group, but was similar in T2 and T3. Across treatments tissue skatole concentrations were proportional to the activity of hepatic CYP450. The results indicate the potential of tannin supplementation to reduce boar taint although further investigations are needed in order to establishing optimal dosage.
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Mahmood ND, Mamat SS, Kamisan FH, Yahya F, Kamarolzaman MFF, Nasir N, Mohtarrudin N, Tohid SFM, Zakaria ZA. Amelioration of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat by the administration of methanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:695678. [PMID: 24868543 PMCID: PMC4017787 DOI: 10.1155/2014/695678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muntingia calabura L. is a tropical plant species that belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae family. The present study is aimed at determining the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of M. calabura leaves (MEMC) using two models of liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6) and received 10% DMSO (negative control), 50 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC; positive control), or MEMC (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 days and on the 8th day were subjected to the hepatotoxic induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood and liver tissues were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-(DPPH) and superoxide anion-radical scavenging assays. At the same time, oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and total phenolic content were also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of hepatic structure was observed in group pretreated with N-acetylcysteine and MEMC. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with NAC or MEMC exhibited significant decrease (P<0.05) in ALT and AST enzymes level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. In conclusion, MEMC exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and, thus warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. H. Kamisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. Yahya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. F. Kamarolzaman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Nasir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. F. Md. Tohid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z. A. Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Level 7, FF3 Building, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Antihyperglycemic activity of Areca Catechu flowers. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MFF, Yahya F, Mahmood ND, Shahril MS, Jakius KF, Mohtarrudin N, Ching SM, Susanti D, Taher M, Zakaria ZA. Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves exerted antioxidant and liver protective activity in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:326. [PMID: 24267313 PMCID: PMC3879098 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomaceae) is a small shrub with various medicinal uses. The present study was carried out to determine the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves (MEMM) against the paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats model. Methods The respective chemicals and herbal solutions (10% DMSO, 200 mg/kg silymarin or MEMM (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg)) were administered orally to rats once everyday for 7 days followed by the hepatotoxicity assay. The blood samples and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. Prior to the hepatoprotective study, MEMM was subjected to determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant properties using several standard assays (e.g. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl- and superoxide anion- radical scavenging assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay). Results MEMM exerted significant (p < 0.05) and high antioxidant activity in which high TPC was recorded; while in the hepatotoxicity study, the extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects against the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic model. The results observed for serum liver enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST) as well as the microscopic observations and microscopic scoring supported the hepatoprotective potential of MEMM. The phytochemical and HPLC analysis of MEMM demonstrated the presence of flavonoids as its major constituents. Conclusions The MEMM-induced hepatoprotective activity could be allied partly to its antioxidant activity and the presence of flavonoids.
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Assessment of Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of Rosa damascena L. and Quercus infectoria on Cardiovascular Performance of Normal and Hyperlipidemic Rabbits: Physiologically Based Approach. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:769143. [PMID: 24163695 PMCID: PMC3791831 DOI: 10.1155/2013/769143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the use of Quercus infectoria (QI) and Rosa damascena L. (RD) for therapeutic purposes and lack of adequate information about their cardiovascular effects, we investigated the cardiovascular indices of rabbits which chronically pretreated with these agents. Animal groups were control group (CTL), RD and QI groups with normal chow plus 1.5 g RD and QI extracts, respectively, in each kg of the diet for 45 days; Hyperlipidemic (H) group received high-fat diet for 45 days; H+RD and H+QI groups received high fat diet plus QI and RD extracts, respectively. Blood pressure was greater in H+RD group than CTL, RD, and H groups. Left ventricular developed pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure increased significantly in H+RD group versus CTL and RD groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, resp.) and in H+QI groups (P < 0.01 versus QI groups). Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) showed significant reduction in H+QI group versus H group. QI attenuated the values of total cholesterol, LDL, TG, and atherogenic indices of plasma when coadministrated with a high-fat diet. The results suggest the antilipidemic and antiatherogenic effects of QI. In addition, the use of RD along with a high-fat diet may increase the risk of hypertension in rabbits.
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Wang CC, Lin YR, Liao MH, Jan TR. Oral supplementation with areca-derived polyphenols attenuates food allergic responses in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:154. [PMID: 23816049 PMCID: PMC3717086 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Arecae semen, the dried slice of areca nuts, is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat intestinal parasitosis, rectal tenesmus and diarrhea. Areca nuts contain a rich amount of polyphenols that have been shown to modulate the functionality of mast cells and T cells. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of polyphenol-enriched areca nut extracts (PANE) against food allergy, a T cell-mediated immune disorder. Methods BALB/c mice were left untreated or administered with PANE (0.05% and 0.1%) via drinking water throughout the entire experiment. The mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) twice by intraperitoneal injection, and then repeatedly challenged with OVA by gavage to induce food allergic responses. Results PANE administration attenuated OVA-induced allergic responses, including the occurrence of diarrhea and the infiltration and degranulation of mast cells in the duodenum. The serum level of OVA-specific IgE and the expression of interleukin-4 in the duodenum were suppressed by PANE treatment. In addition, PANE administration induced Gr-1+, IL-10+ and Gr-1+IL-10+ cells in the duodenum. Conclusion These results demonstrate that oral intake of areca-derived polyphenols attenuates food allergic responses accompanied with a decreased Th2 immunity and an enhanced induction of functional myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
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Yahya F, Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MFF, Seyedan AA, Jakius KF, Mahmood ND, Shahril MS, Suhaili Z, Mohtarrudin N, Susanti D, Somchit MN, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Zakaria ZA. Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:636580. [PMID: 23853662 PMCID: PMC3703353 DOI: 10.1155/2013/636580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to further establish the pharmacological properties of Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae), hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of B. purpurea leaves (MEBP) was investigated using the paracetamol- (PCM-) induced liver toxicity in rats. Five groups of rats (n = 6) were used and administered orally once daily with 10% DMSO (negative control), 200 mg/kg silymarin (positive control), or MEBP (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the hepatotoxicity induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood samples and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with the total phenolic content (TPC) also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of the normal hepatic structural was observed in group pretreated with silymarin and MEBP. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with silymarin or MEBP exhibited significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ALT and AST enzyme level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high TPC. In conclusion, MEBP exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content and thus warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Yahya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. S. Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. F. F. Kamarolzaman
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A. A. Seyedan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K. F. Jakius
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. D. Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. S. Shahril
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z. Suhaili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 20300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - N. Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D. Susanti
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jl Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M. N. Somchit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - L. K. Teh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Z. Salleh
- Pharmacogenomics Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z. A. Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Pharmacogenomics Centre (PROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Aslani A, Ghannadi A, Najafi H. Design, formulation and evaluation of a mucoadhesive gel from Quercus brantii L. and coriandrum sativum L. as periodontal drug delivery. Adv Biomed Res 2013; 2:21. [PMID: 23977649 PMCID: PMC3748668 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms. Intra-periodontal pocket, mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to formulate a mucoadhesive gel from the seed hull of Quercus brantii and fruits of Coriandrum sativum for the treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The semisolid concentrated extracts were incorporated in gel base. Mucoadhesive gels were prepared using carbopol 940, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (sodium CMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMC) as bioadhesive polymers. Physicochemical tests, mucoadhesive strength measurement and in vitro drug release study were carried out on two formulations containing carbopol 940 and sodium CMC polymers (Formulations F4 and F5). We investigated the antibacterial activity of formulation F5 against Porphyromonas gingivalis using the disk diffusion method on supplemented Brucella agar. Results: Eight gel formulations were prepared. Physical appearance, homogeneity and consistency of F4 and F5 were good. Mucoadhesion and viscosity of F5 (1% carbopol 940 and 3% sodium CMC) was more than F4 (0.5% carbopol 940 and 3% sodium CMC). Drug release from F5 was slower. Both of formulations were syringeable through 21 G needle. In the disk diffusion method, F5 produced significant growth inhibition zones against P. gingivalis. Conclusion: The ideal formulation for the treatment of periodontitis should exhibit high value of mucoadhesion, show controlled release of drug and be easily delivered into the periodontal pocket preferably using a syringe. Based on in vitro release and mucoadhesion studies, F5 was selected as the best formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Aslani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Yarani R, Mansouri K, Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Mahnam A, Emami Aleagha MS. In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by hydroalcoholic extract of oak (Quercus infectoria) acorn shell via suppressing VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 secretion. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:361-368. [PMID: 23137183 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.729147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Angiogenesis is an essential factor for cancer progression. Although more attention is paid in angiogenesis on its role in cancer biology, many other non-neoplastic diseases are also angiogenic-dependent. Recently, there is motivation to control cancer via inhibition of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE Quercus infectoria Olivier var (Fagaceae) (oak) is a plant whose different parts, such as its fruit shell, have been used extensively as a traditional drug in the west part of Iran. Although some biological properties of oak are determined, its effects on angiogenesis are unclear. So, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of oak acorn shell. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh oak acorns were collected, and after authentication; hydroalcoholic extract of acorn shells (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μg/ml) was used for evaluation of its cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic effects in vitro. Also, effects of the extract on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 secretion were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin zymography. RESULTS Treatment with hydroalcoholic extract in eight doses resulted in a significant decrease of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis with an IC₅₀ value of ~20 μg/ml, without any toxic effect. At 40 μg/ml, the extract inhibited MMP-9 activity; however, a dose-dependent reduction (60-80 µg/ml) in MMP-2 activity was seen. VEGF secretion was decreased with increase in the concentration of the extract from 5 to 100 μg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of oak acorn shell acts as a potent antiangiogenic agent which exerts its inhibitory effect mainly through downregulation of essential mediators such as VEGF and MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yarani
- Medical Biology Research Center and Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Iqbal M, Gnanaraj C. Eleusine indica L. possesses antioxidant activity and precludes carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-mediated oxidative hepatic damage in rats. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 17:307-15. [PMID: 22207570 PMCID: PMC3390565 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-011-0255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of aqueous extract of Eleusine indica to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic injury in rats. METHODS The antioxidant activity of E. indica was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content of E. indica was also determined. Biochemical parameters [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase] were used to evaluate hepatic damage in animals pretreated with E. indica and intoxicated with CCl₄. CCl₄-mediated hepatic damage was also evaluated by histopathologically. RESULTS E. indica extract was able to reduce the stable DPPH level in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 2350 μg/ml. Total phenolic content was found to be 14.9 ± 0.002 mg/g total phenolic expressed as gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract. Groups pretreated with E. indica showed significantly increased activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to the CCl₄-intoxicated group (p < 0.05). The increased levels of serum ALT and AST were significantly prevented by E. indica pretreatment (p < 0.05). The extent of MDA formation due to lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and reduced GSH was significantly increased in a dose-dependently manner (p < 0.05) in the E. indica-pretreated groups as compared to the CCl₄-intoxicated group. The protective effect of E. indica was further evident through decreased histopathological alterations in the liver. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that the hepatoprotective effects of E. indica might be ascribable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Iqbal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah-Jalan UMS, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Ghayur MN, Kazim SF, Rasheed H, Khalid A, Jumani MI, Choudhary MI, Gilani AH. Identification of antiplatelet and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory constituents in betel nut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:619-25. [PMID: 21669165 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible mechanism and the compound(s) responsible for the antiplatelet and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of Areca catechu crude extract (Ac.Cr). METHODS Aqueous-methanol (70%) was used for extraction of plant material (betel nut). Antiplatelet activity was measured in human platelet-rich plasma by using a Lumi-aggregometer while anti-AChE activity was measured spectrophotometrically in vitro. In an attempt to find the responsible compound(s) in betel nut for antiplatelet and anti-AChE activities, different commercially available betel nut compounds were tested. RESULTS Ac.Cr inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet-activating factor (PAF), epinephrine and Ca(2+)-ionophore. Ac.Cr was the most potent in inhibiting ADP- and Ca(2+)-ionophore-induced aggregation. In the AChE assay, Ac.Cr showed significant AChE inhibitory activity with almost complete inhibition of the enzyme. Out of the tested compounds, none of the compounds in betel nut showed any antiplatelet effect except for catechin that was the most potent against epinephrine-induced aggregation. Catechin was significantly less potent than Ac.Cr, indicating a presence of additional compound(s) with antiplatelet activity. For the AChE inhibitory effect, only tannic acid, gallic acid, diosgenin and isoguvacine were found to be active, whereby tannic acid was more potent than Ac.Cr. CONCLUSION This study shows the possible antiplatelet and AChE inhibitory potential of betel nut while further studies are needed to confirm and identify more compounds in betel nut for these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Gholamhoseinian A, Shahouzehi B, Joukar S, Iranpoor M. Effect of Quercus infectoria and Rosa damascena on lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaque formation in rabbit model of hyperlipidemia. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:27-33. [PMID: 22530439 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.27.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the cause of many complications in the human societies. In this study, the effect of methanol extracts of Quercus infectoria (QI) galls and Rosa damascena (RD) Mill flower were studied on lipid profile and atherosclerotic plaques formation in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Thirty-six New Zeland white rabbits randomly divided into 6 groups as control (I), hyperlipidemic (II), hyperlipidemic+QI (III), hyperlipidemic+RD (IV), +Atorvastolin (V) and hyperlipidemic+Orlistat (VI) and were fed with high fat diet (0.5% cholesterol and 16% hydrogenated vegetable oil) for 45 days. At the end of the study period, lipid profile and plaque formation were assessed. Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic group compared with control group (p < 0.001). Methanol extract consumption of Quercus infectoria significantly decreased plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL (p < 0.001). It also decreased plaques formation in semi lunar valve and thoracic aorta. Rosa damascena mill flower methanol extract moderately decreased the levels of TC, TG, LDL and plaques formation but it was not significant. HDL levels and weight of animals did not show significant difference among groups. Based on the doses used in this study, our finding indicated that QI but no RD methanol extract has anti atherogenic and hypolipidemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gholamhoseinian
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and Kerman Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ikewuchi JC, Uwakwe AA, Onyeike EN, Ikewuchi CC. Hepatoprotective effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana 'Godseffiana' Muell Arg (Euphorbiaceae) against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2011; 10:280-289. [PMID: 29033709 PMCID: PMC5611619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential of aqueous extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana, to protect against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage was investigated in Wistar albino rats. The carbon tetrachloride was prepared 1:5 (v:v) in olive oil, and administered subcutaneously at 1 mL/kg body weight. The extract was administered to both normal and carbon tetrachloride treated rats at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. On fractionation and gas chromatographic analysis of the crude aqueous extract, thirty nine known alkaloids were detected, consisting mainly of akuamidine (69.027 %), voacangine (26.226 %), echitamine (1.974 %), echitamidine (0.599 %), lupanine (0.521 %) and augustamine (0.278 %). Compared to test control, the treatment dose dependently produced significantly lower (P<0.05) alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine transaminase activities. Histopathological studies on the liver sections showed that pre-treatment with the extract protected against carbon tetrachloride induced fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, thus, confirming the results of the biochemical studies. The above results imply that treatment with the plant extract protects the liver against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity, therefore, justifying the use of Acalypha wilkesiana in African traditional health care for the management of liver problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude C. Ikewuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jude C. Ikewuchi, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Tel.: +2348033715662, E-mail:
| | - Augustine A. Uwakwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Eugene N. Onyeike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Catherine C. Ikewuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Alqasoumi S, Yusufoglu H, Farraj A, Alam A. Effect of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol on Diclofenac Sodium Induced Liver Injury. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.868.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li R, Guo W, Fu Z, Ding G, Zou Y, Wang Z. Hepatoprotective action of Radix Paeoniae Rubra aqueous extract against CCl4-induced hepatic damage. Molecules 2011; 16:8684-94. [PMID: 22005833 PMCID: PMC6264168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study the capacity of Radix Paeoniae Rubra aqueous extract (RPRAE) as an antioxidant to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats was investigated. Six groups of rats were used. Radix Paeoniae Rubra aqueous extract (100 or 200 or 300 mg/kg of bw) or bifendate (100 mg/kg of bw) were given daily by gavage to the animals on 28 consecutive days to elucidate the protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The 20% CCl4/olive oil was gavage of gastric tube twice a week (on the third and seventh days of each week). The animals of normal control group were given only vehicle. The animals of CCl4-treated group were administered with CCl4 twice a week (on the third and seventh days of each week) and with vehicle on rest of the days. The test materials were found effective as hepatoprotective agents, as evidenced by plasma and liver biochemical parameters. Therefore, the results of this study show that Radix Paeoniae Rubra aqueous extract can protect the liver against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effects might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Shrestha J, Shanbhag T, Shenoy S, Amuthan A, Prabhu K, Sharma S, Banerjee S, Kafle S. Antiovulatory and abortifacient effects of Areca catechu (betel nut) in female rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 42:306-11. [PMID: 21206624 PMCID: PMC2959215 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.70350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the antiovulatory and abortifacient effects of ethanolic extract of Areca catechu in female rats. Materials and Methods: For antiovulatory effect, ethanolic extract of A. catechu at 100 and 300 mg/kg doses was administered orally for 15 days. Vaginal smears were examined daily microscopically for estrus cycle. Rats were sacrificed on 16th day. Ovarian weight, cholesterol estimation, and histopathological studies were done. Abortifacient activity was studied in rats at 100 and 300 mg/kg doses administered orally from 6th to 15th day of pregnancy. Rats were laparotomised on 19th day. The number of implantation sites and live fetuses were observed in both horns of the uterus. Results: The extract of A. catechu showed a significant decrease in the duration of estrus at 100 mg/kg (P = 0.015) and 300 mg/kg doses (P = 0.002) as compared with control. Metestrus phase was also significantly reduced at 100 mg/kg (P = 0.024) and 300 mg/kg doses (P = 0.002). There was a significant increase in proestrus (P < 0.001) phase. However, diestrus phase was unchanged. Histopathological study of the ovaries showed mainly primordial, primary, and secondary follicles in the test groups as compared to control. There was also a significant (P = 0.002) decrease in ovarian weight and a significant (P = 0.021) increase in ovarian cholesterol level at 100 mg/kg dose. In the study to evaluate abortifacient effect, the mean percentage of abortion with 100 and 300 mg/kg doses were 75.5% and 72.22%, respectively, which was significantly (P = 0.008 and P = 0.006, respectively) increased when compared with control. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of A. catechu at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg has antiovulatory and abortifacient effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
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Khan S, Mehmood MH, Ali ANA, Ahmed FS, Dar A, Gilani AH. Studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of betel nut in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:654-61. [PMID: 21501676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Areca catechu, commonly known as betel nut, is very famous for its medicinal use in multiple disorders. It is also popular as a remedy against inflammatory disorders in the Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study was aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the crude extract of Areca catechu and its respective fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paw edema, formalin-induced nociception and acetic acid-induced writhing assays were carried out in vivo. Free radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was performed in vitro. RESULTS Preliminary experiments using a single dose (100 mg/kg) of Areca catechu and its respective fractions demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced edema in mice and rats, the aqueous fraction being distinctly more effective. When studied on prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), arachidonic acid, histamine, or serotonin (5HT)-induced edema in rats, Areca catechu and its aqueous fraction markedly repressed only the PGE₂ and arachidonic acid-induced inflammation. When studied for analgesic activity, the crude extract and its aqueous fraction produced a dose-dependent (10-100 mg/kg) inhibitory effect on formalin-induced nociception in mice and acetic acid-induced writhing in rats, similar to aspirin. In DPPH assay, Areca catechu and its aqueous fraction exhibited free radical scavenging activity with respective IC(50) values of 5.34 μg/ml (4.93-5.78, CI; 95%, n=5) and 7.28 μg/ml (6.04-7.95, n=4), like that of rutin with IC(50) value of 4.75 μg/ml (3.89-5.42, n=4). CONCLUSION These results indicate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Areca catechu and provide a rationale for its medicinal use in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Khan
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, the Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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He X, Li Y, Zhang C, Hu X. Arborinol methyl ether from Areca catechu L. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2273-4. [PMID: 21588629 PMCID: PMC3007998 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The title compound isolated from Areca catechu L. (common name: arborinol methyl ether; a member of the arborane family) was established as 3α-methoxyarbor-9(11)-ene, C31H52O. Rings A/B/C/D assume a chair conformation, while ring E has an envelope conformation. The absolute configuration was determined to be (3R,5R,8S,10S,13R,14S,17S,18S, 21S) by analysis of Bijvoet pairs based on resonant scattering of light atoms, yielding a Hooft parameter y of −0.03 (3).
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