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Xu J, Ye Y, Shen H, Li W, Chen G. Sevoflurane: an opportunity for stroke treatment. Med Gas Res 2024; 14:175-179. [PMID: 39073324 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.386952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, stroke is the leading cause of death and disability that affects long-term quality of life and its incidence is increasing. The incidence of ischemic stroke is much higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke often leads to very serious neurological sequelae, which severely reduces the patients' quality of life and becomes a social burden. Therefore, ischemic stroke has received increasing attention. As a new type of anesthetic, sevoflurane has a lower solubility, works faster in the human body, and has less impact on the cardiovascular system than isoflurane. At the same time, studies have shown that preconditioning and postconditioning with sevoflurane have a beneficial effect on stroke. We believe that the role of sevoflurane in stroke may be a key area for future research. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the relevant mechanisms of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning in stroke in the past 20 years, revealing the bright prospects of sevoflurane in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xu
- Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Chi F, Ma L, Li Y, Hou Z, Wang Q. Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:10153-10170. [PMID: 36585924 PMCID: PMC9831726 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether sevoflurane postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and its potential mechanism, we employed bioinformatic analysis, neurological assessments, and western blot analysis, as well as triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining. We identified 103 differentially expressed genes induced by cerebral I/R, including 75 upregulated genes and 28 downregulated genes enriched for certain biological processes (involving regulation of inflammatory responses, cellular responses to interleukin 1, and chemokine activity) and signaling pathways (such as transcriptional misregulation in cancer, interleukin-17 signaling, rheumatoid arthritis, MAPK signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling). As a typical path in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, in the current study, we investigated the protective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning in cerebral I/R rats and further explore the role of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway in it. The results showed cerebral I/R-induced neurological deficits were comparatively less severe following sevoflurane postconditioning. In addition, TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway-related proteins and neuropathic damage were ameliorated in aged rats following sevoflurane postconditioning, while the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide aggravated these changes. Together, these findings suggest that sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral I/R injury by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway to suppress neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Chi
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Li Ma
- Surgical Department of Clinical Medicine, Shijiazhuang People’s Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
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3
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Xu L, Ge F, Hu Y, Yu Y, Guo K, Miao C. Sevoflurane Postconditioning Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Limiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway via Modulating microRNA-142 in vivo and in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646307. [PMID: 33935744 PMCID: PMC8085516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning of sevoflurane (Sevo) has been demonstrated to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it is unknown whether it has hepatoprotective when given at the onset of reperfusion (postconditioning), a protocol with more clinical impact. The present study aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of Sevo postconditioning against hepatic IR injury in vivo and in vitro and the possible mechanisms. Using a mouse model of hepatic I/R, Sevo postconditioning significantly improved hepatic injury after reperfusion, as demonstrated by reduced AST, ALT, and LDH serum levels and reduced histologic damage in liver tissues. Furthermore, Sevo postconditioning could suppress the apoptosis, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response in liver tissue of HIRI mice, as well as improve the survival rate of HIRI mice. Through analyzing GSE72314 from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, it was demonstrated that microRNA (miR)-142 is downregulated by HIRI, which was reversed by Sevo treatment. Further investigation showed that agomiR-142 injection could enhance the hepatoprotective effects of Sevo postconditioning on I/R injury, while antagomiR-142 reversed these effects in mice. Notably, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an important inflammatory factor, was directly targeted by miR-142 in hepatic cells, and we further found that Sevo could inhibit the expression of HMGB1 through up-regulating miR-142 expression in HIRI mice model. In addition, we found that I/R injury induced the activation of TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway was partially suppressed by Sevo postconditioning, and miR-142 mediated the regulatory role of Sevo postconditioning. In line with the in vivo results, Sevo treatment improved the cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vitro HIRI model, while these effects were reversed by antagomiR-142 transfection. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Sevo postconditioning counteracts the downregulation of miR-142 provoked by I/R, in turn decreased the expression of HMGB1, blocking TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, thus improving hepatic I/R injury. Our data suggest that Sevo may be a valuable alternative anaesthetic agent in liver transplantation and major liver surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yoon HK, Oh H, Lee HC, Cho WS, Kim JE, Park JW, Choi H, Park HP. Effect of Sevoflurane Postconditioning on the Incidence of Symptomatic Cerebral Hyperperfusion After Revascularization Surgery in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Disease. World Neurosurg 2020; 134:e991-e1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wei X, Zhu Q, Liu N, Xu L, Wei S, Fan Z, Sun C, Zhao Y, Qiao M, Wu J, Hu D, Wang Y, Sun P. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Zhenlong Xingnao Capsule in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1096. [PMID: 31611791 PMCID: PMC6775503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhenlong Xingnao Capsule (ZXC) is a Tibetan medicine used to treat ischemic stroke. In this study, we determined the in vitro and in vivo effects of ZXC on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse BV-2 microglial cell hypoxia-reoxygenation and rat middle cerebral artery occlusion infarction models. We aimed to clarify the role of ZXC in cerebral ischemia protection; reveal amino acid neurotransmitter changes in the frontal cortex after drug intervention; determine mRNA and protein expression changes in Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, P38, and nuclear factor (NF)-кB in the frontal cortex and changes in antioxidant indices in the brain; and elucidate the mechanisms underlying ZXC action. After hypoxia-reoxygenation, ROS levels were significantly increased in BV-2 cells, and their levels decreased after treatment with ZXC. ZXC had protective effects on ischemic/anoxic injury in vitro and in vivo by downregulating the expressions of caspase-3 and NF-кB mRNA during ischemia and reperfusion and that of p38 and caspase-3 during acute ischemia and reperfusion as well as the steady-state levels of excitatory amino acids/inhibitory amino acids and by improving the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activities during ischemia. These findings provide new molecular evidence for the mechanisms underlying ZXC action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Qingfen Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhiyun Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Defu Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
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Sevoflurane Promotes Regeneration of the Endothelial Glycocalyx by Upregulating Sialyltransferase. J Surg Res 2019; 241:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Ozcan ATD, Doger C, Ozturk L, Yungul A, Kurtsahin M, Neselioglu S, Ergin M, But A. Comparison of the Effects of Sevoflurane and Desflurane on Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Eurasian J Med 2019; 51:70-74. [PMID: 30911261 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2019.18299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to compare the effects of different inhalation anesthetics on oxidative status by measuring thiol-disulfide homeostasis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries. The effect of inhaler agents on thiol-disulfide homeostasis that shows the oxidative status in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is unknown. Materials and Methods In this study, 71 patients planned to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were included. They were divided into two groups: desflurane (group D, n: 35) and sevoflurane (group S, n: 36). Blood samples were taken before induction (T1), at 30th minute of insufflation (T2) (30th min of ischemia), and at 30th min postdeflation (T3) (30th min of reperfusion). The native thiols (-SH) and total thiols (-SH+ -SS) were determined. The amounts of disulfide (-SS), disulfide/native thiol percent ratios (-SS/-SH), disulfide/total thiol percent ratios (-SS/-SH+-SS), and native thiol/total thiol percent ratios (-SH/-SH+ -SS) were calculated. Results In the sevoflurane group, preoperative values and intraoperative 30th-minute SS-SH ratio were significantly reduced (p=0.017). In the desflurane group, intraoperative native thiol values and postdeflation levels significantly decreased compared to those in the preoperative values (p<0.001). Conclusion We think that the usage of sevoflurane was more protective in terms of the oxidative damage occurring during laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Tuba Dumanlı Ozcan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cihan Doger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Ozturk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yungul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Kurtsahin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Ergin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir But
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Hillman TC, Matei N, Tang J, Zhang JH. Developing a standardized system of exposure and intervention endpoints for isoflurane in preclinical stroke models. Med Gas Res 2019; 9:46-51. [PMID: 30950418 PMCID: PMC6463442 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.254640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane is a regularly used anesthetic in translational research. Isoflurane facilitates invasive surgery and a rapid recovery. Specifically, in the pathology of stroke, controversy has surrounded isoflurane's intrinsic neuroprotective abilities, affecting apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and blood brain barrier disruption. Due to the intrinsic neuroprotective nature and lack of standardized guidelines for the use of isoflurane, research has shifted away from this gas in most animal models. Antagonistically, studies have also reported that no neuroprotective effects are observed when a surgery is accompanied with isoflurane exposure under 20 minutes. Isoflurane affects the pathophysiology in stroke patients by altering critical pathways in endothelial, neuronal, and microglial cells. Current studies have elucidated isoflurane neuroprotection to be time dependent and may be minimized in experimental designs if the exposure time is limited to a specific window. Therefore, with detailed and extensive literature on anesthetics, we can hypothesize that isoflurane exposure under the 20-minute benchmark, behavior and molecular pathways can be evaluated at any time-point following ischemic insult without confounding artifacts from isoflurane; however, If the exposure to isoflurane exceeds 20 minutes, the acute neuroprotective effects are evident for 2 weeks in the model, which should be accounted for in molecular and behavioral assessments, with either isoflurane inhibitors or a control group at 2 weeks post middle cerebral artery occlusion. The purpose of this review is to suggest a detailed and standardized outline for interventions and behavioral assessments after the use of isoflurane in experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Hillman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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9
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Xu H, Mei XP, Xu LX. The effect of pre- and after-treatment of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and the underlying mechanisms. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2018; 18:1-8. [PMID: 29556553 PMCID: PMC5858006 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with continuous research efforts targeted at studying the effects of pre- and after-treatment of inhaled anesthetics, significant progress has been made regarding the common clinical use of low concentrations of inhaled sevoflurane and its effect on induced central ischemia tolerance by pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we collected, analyzed, classified, and summarized recent literature regarding the effect of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and its related mechanisms. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of sevoflurane to protect the central nervous system and other important organs against ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Xian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Yunoki M, Kanda T, Suzuki K, Uneda A, Hirashita K, Yoshino K. Ischemic Tolerance of the Brain and Spinal Cord: A Review. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:590-600. [PMID: 28954945 PMCID: PMC5709712 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic tolerance is an endogenous neuroprotective phenomenon induced by sublethal ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), the first discovered form of ischemic tolerance, is widely seen in many species and in various organs including the brain and the spinal cord. Ischemic tolerance of the spinal cord is less familiar among neurosurgeons, although it has been reported from the viewpoint of preventing ischemic spinal cord injury during aortic surgery. It is important for neurosurgeons to have opportunities to see patients with spinal cord ischemia, and to understand ischemic tolerance of the spinal cord as well as the brain. IPC has a strong neuroprotective effect in animal models of ischemia; however, clinical application of IPC for ischemic brain and spinal diseases is difficult because they cannot be predicted. In addition, one drawback of preconditioning stimuli is that they are also capable of producing injury with only minor changes to their intensity or duration. Numerous methods to induce ischemic tolerance have been discovered that vary in their timing and the site at which short-term ischemia occurs. These methods include ischemic postconditioning (IPoC), remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) and remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPoC), which has had a great impact on clinical approaches to treatment of ischemic brain and spinal cord injury. Especially RIPerC and RIPoC to induce spinal cord tolerance are considered clinically useful, however the evidence supporting these methods is currently insufficient; further experimental or clinical research in this area is thus necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenta Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagawa Rosai Hospital
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Abstract
Volatile general anesthetics continue to be an important part of clinical anesthesia worldwide. The impact of volatile anesthetics on the immune system has been investigated at both mechanistic and clinical levels, but previous studies have returned conflicting findings due to varied protocols, experimental environments, and subject species. While many of these studies have focused on the immunosuppressive effects of volatile anesthetics, compelling evidence also exists for immunoactivation. Depending on the clinical conditions, immunosuppression and activation due to volatile anesthetics can be either detrimental or beneficial. This review provides a balanced perspective on the anesthetic modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses as well as indirect effectors of immunity. Potential mechanisms of immunomodulation by volatile anesthetics are also discussed. A clearer understanding of these issues will pave the way for clinical guidelines that better account for the impact of volatile anesthetics on the immune system, with the ultimate goal of improving perioperative management.
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The Orally Active Noncompetitive AMPAR Antagonist Perampanel Attenuates Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:459-466. [PMID: 28401316 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) is a potential target of therapy for ischemic stroke. Perampanel is a potent noncompetitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor (AMPAR) antagonist with good oral bioavailability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we investigated the potential protective effects of perampanel against focal cerebral ischemia in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats. Oral administration with perampanel significantly reduced MCAO-induced brain edema, brain infarct volume, and neuronal apoptosis. These protective effects were associated with improved functional outcomes, as measured by foot-fault test, adhesive removal test, and modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test. Importantly, perampanel was effective even when the administration was delayed to 1 h after reperfusion. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that perampanel significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas it increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 after MCAO. In addition, perampanel treatment markedly decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and also inhibited nitric oxide (NO) generation in MCAO-injured rats at 24 and 72 h after reperfusion. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the orally active AMPAR antagonist perampanel protects against experimental ischemic stroke via regulating inflammatory cytokines and NOS pathways.
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Sevoflurane pre-conditioning increases phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and HO-1 expression via inhibition of mPTP in primary rat cortical neurons exposed to OGD/R. J Neurol Sci 2017; 372:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Postconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after hemorrhage shock and resuscitation in rats. J Surg Res 2016; 206:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Effect of chronic pesticide exposure on murine cornea: a histopathological, cytological and flow cytometric approach to study ocular damage by xenobiotics. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:7-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Sevoflurane aggregates cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal oxidative stress induced by β-amyloid in rats. Life Sci 2015; 143:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Dittmar MS, Petermichl W, Lindner R, Sinner B, Graf BM, Schlachetzki F, Gruber M. In Vitro Induction of Endothelial Apoptosis of the Post-Hypoxic Blood-Brain Barrier by Isoflurane but Not by Sevoflurane and Midazolam. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130408. [PMID: 26091107 PMCID: PMC4475016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of anesthetics on the injured brain continue to be the subject of controversial discussion. Since isoflurane has recently been shown to induce apoptosis of cerebral endothelial cells, this study compared different anesthetic compounds regarding their potential to induce cerebro-vascular apoptosis. METHODS The in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier used in this study consisted of astrocyte-conditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells (AC-HUVEC) has been used. After 24 h of deep hypoxia and reoxygenation or control treatment, AC-HUVEC were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 times the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane or sevoflurane, or 0, 75, 150, or 300 nM of midazolam for 2 h. After 24 h, AC-HUVEC were harvested, and the degree of apoptosis was assessed by means of Western blots for the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio and, for controls and the highest concentration groups, terminal deoxynucleotidyl-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS Without hypoxic pretreatment, 2.0 MAC of isoflurane slightly increased TUNEL intensity compared to control and sevoflurane, but without any significant changes in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio. After hypoxic pretreatment, exposure to isoflurane led to a multifold increase in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio in a dose dependent manner, which was also significantly higher than the ratio observed in the 2 MAC sevoflurane group. TUNEL intensity in the post-hypoxic 2 MAC isoflurane group was increased by a factor of 11 vs. control and by 40 vs. sevoflurane. Sevoflurane and midazolam did not significantly alter these markers of apoptosis, when compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane administered after hypoxia elevates markers of apoptosis in endothelial cells transdifferentiated to the cerebro-vascular endothelium. Endothelial apoptosis may be a previously underestimated mechanism of anesthetic neurotoxicity. Administration of high concentrations of isoflurane in experimental settings may have negative effects on the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Dittmar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Walter Petermichl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Regina Lindner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Sinner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard M. Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Schlachetzki
- Department of Neurology, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gruber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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Wen XR, Fu YY, Liu HZ, Wu J, Shao XP, Zhang XB, Tang M, Shi Y, Ma K, Zhang F, Wang YW, Tang H, Han D, Zhang P, Wang SL, Xu Z, Song YJ. Neuroprotection of Sevoflurane Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury Through Inhibiting JNK3/Caspase-3 by Enhancing Akt Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1661-1671. [PMID: 25687432 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane against ischemic brain injury and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were pretreated with sevoflurane alone or sevoflurane combined with LY294002/wortmannin (selective inhibitor of PI3K) before ischemia. Cresyl violet staining was used to examine the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were performed to measure the phosphorylation of Akt1, PRAS40, ASK1, and JNK3 and the expression of cleaved-caspase-3. The results demonstrated that a moderate dose of sevoflurane inhalation of 2% for 2 h had significant neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion induced hippocampal neuron death. Sevoflurane significantly increased Akt and PRAS40 phosphorylation and decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1 at 6 h after reperfusion and the phosphorylation of JNK3 at 3 days after reperfusion following 15 min of transient global brain ischemia. Conversely, LY294002 and wortmannin significantly inhibited the effects of sevoflurane. Taken together, the results suggest that sevoflurane could suppress ischemic brain injury by downregulating the activation of the ASK1/JNK3 cascade via increasing the phosphorylation of Akt1 during ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ru Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Education Sciences, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Genetics, Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Shao
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun-Bao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Medical Information, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xu
- School of Basic Education Sciences, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan-Jian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Genetics, Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Shen QY, Fang L, Wu HM, He F, Ding PS, Liu RY. Repeated inhalation of sevoflurane inhibits airway inflammation in an OVA-induced mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Respirology 2014; 20:258-63. [PMID: 25399488 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Repeated inhalation of sevoflurane (SVF) can benefit asthmatic patients by bronchodilation. However, the impact of repeated inhalation of SVF on allergic airway inflammation has not been clarified. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of repeated inhalation of SVF on airway inflammation in mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and treated by inhalation with SVF or vehicle daily for seven consecutive days, immediately followed by OVA challenge. Airway inflammation was evaluated by counting the numbers of different types of inflammatory infiltrates in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histology, cytokine measurements and mucus production in individual mice. RESULTS In comparison with the OVA group, repeated inhalation of SVF significantly reduced the numbers of total cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), and the levels of BALF tumour necrosis factor-α and lung high-mobility group box 1 (P < 0.01), accompanied by elevated levels of BALF interleukin-10 in allergic mice (P < 0.05). Repeat inhalation of SVF decreased the levels of serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mitigated allergic airway epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion in allergic mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Repeated inhalation of SVF inhibits allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory infiltrates, improving the imbalance of cytokine responses and mitigating allergen-specific IgE responses and goblet cell hyperplasia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Shen
- Department of Pulmonary, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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20
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Jovic M, Unic-Stojanovic D, Isenovic E, Manfredi R, Cekic O, Ilijevski N, Babic S, Radak D. Anesthetics and cerebral protection in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2014; 29:178-84. [PMID: 25287749 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miomir Jovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Unic-Stojanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Esma Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rizzo Manfredi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Olivera Cekic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Ilijevski
- School of Medicine, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Babic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Radak
- School of Medicine, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Biological networks in ischemic tolerance - rethinking the approach to clinical conditioning. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 4:114-29. [PMID: 24223074 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive response (conditioning) to environmental stressors evokes evolutionarily conserved programs in uni- and multicellular organisms that result in increased fitness and resistance to stressor induced injury. Although the concept of conditioning has been around for a while, its translation into clinical therapies targeting neurovascular diseases has only recently begun. The slow pace of clinical adoption might be partially explained by our poor understanding of underpinning mechanisms and of the complex responses of the organism to the stressor. At the 2(nd) Translational Preconditioning Meeting participants engaged in an intense discussion addressing whether the time has come to more aggressively implement clinical conditioning protocols in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases or whether it would be better to wait until preclinical data would help to minimize clinical empiricism. This review addresses the complex involvement of biological networks in establishing ischemic tolerance at the organism level using two clinically promising conditioning modalities, namely remote ischemic preconditioning, and per- or post-conditioning, as examples.
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22
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Dong P, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Dong J, Zhang L, Li D, Li L, Zhang X, Yang B, Lei W. Aging causes exacerbated ischemic brain injury and failure of sevoflurane post-conditioning: role of B-cell lymphoma-2. Neuroscience 2014; 275:2-11. [PMID: 24929064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with exacerbated brain injury after ischemic stroke. Herein, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying the age-associated exacerbated brain injury after ischemic stroke and determined whether therapeutic intervention with anesthetic post-conditioning would provide neuroprotection in aged rats. Male Fisher 344 rats (young, 4 months; aged, 24 months) underwent 2h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24-h reperfusion, with or without sevoflurane post-conditioning for 15 min immediately at the onset of reperfusion. Compared with young rats, aged rats showed larger infarct size, worse neurological scores and more TUNEL-positive cells in the penumbral cerebral cortex at 24h after MCAO. However, edema formation and motor coordination were similar in both groups. Sevoflurane reduced the infarct size, edema formation, and TUNEL-positive cells, and improved the neurological outcome in young rats but not in aged rats. Molecular studies revealed that basal expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the brain was lower in aged rats compared with young rats before MCAO, while basal expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) showed similar levels in both groups. MCAO reduced Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in both groups; however, Bax increase was more pronounced in aged rats. In young rats, sevoflurane reversed the above MCAO-induced changes. In contrast, sevoflurane failed to enhance Bcl-2 expression but decreased Bax expression in aged rats. These findings suggest that aging-associated reduction in basal Bcl-2 expression in the brain contributes to increased neuronal injury by enhancing cell apoptosis after ischemic stroke. Sevoflurane post-conditioning failed to provide neuroprotection in aged rats, probably due to its inability to increase Bcl-2 levels and prevent apoptosis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Chiping, No. 136 Wenhua Road, Chiping City, Shandong Province 252100, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Jining, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining City, Shandong Province 272011, China
| | - J Dong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - W Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China.
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23
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van den Heuij LG, Mathai S, Davidson JO, Lear CA, Booth LC, Fraser M, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Synergistic white matter protection with acute-on-chronic endotoxin and subsequent asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:89. [PMID: 24886663 PMCID: PMC4039331 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal asphyxia and exposure to intrauterine infection are associated with impaired neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Acute exposure to non-injurious infection and/or inflammation can either protect or sensitize the brain to subsequent hypoxia-ischemia. However, the effects of subacute infection and/or inflammation are unclear. In this study we tested the hypothesis that acute-on-chronic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would exacerbate white matter injury after subsequent asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. Methods Fetal sheep at 0.7 gestational age received a continuous LPS infusion at 100 ng/kg for 24 hours, then 250 ng/kg/24 hours for 96 hours, plus 1 μg boluses of LPS at 48, 72, and 96 hours or the same volume of saline. Four hours after the last bolus, complete umbilical cord occlusion or sham occlusion was induced for 15 minutes. Sheep were sacrificed 10 days after the start of infusions. Results LPS exposure was associated with induction of microglia and astrocytes and loss of total and immature and mature oligodendrocytes (n = 9) compared to sham controls (n = 9). Umbilical cord occlusion with saline infusions was associated with induction of microglia, astrogliosis, and loss of immature and mature oligodendrocytes (n = 9). LPS exposure before asphyxia (n = 8) was associated with significantly reduced microglial activation and astrogliosis and improved numbers of immature and mature oligodendrocytes compared to either LPS exposure or asphyxia alone. Conclusions Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the combination of acute-on-chronic LPS with subsequent asphyxia reduced neuroinflammation and white matter injury compared with either intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane against electromagnetic pulse-induced brain injury through inhibition of neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91019. [PMID: 24614080 PMCID: PMC3948751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) causes central nervous system damage and neurobehavioral disorders, and sevoflurane protects the brain from ischemic injury. We investigated the effects of sevoflurane on EMP-induced brain injury. Rats were exposed to EMP and immediately treated with sevoflurane. The protective effects of sevoflurane were assessed by Nissl staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining and electron microscopy. The neurobehavioral effects were assessed using the open-field test and the Morris water maze. Finally, primary cerebral cortical neurons were exposed to EMP and incubated with different concentration of sevoflurane. The cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were assayed. TUNEL staining was performed, and the expression of apoptotic markers was determined. The cerebral cortexes of EMP-exposed rats presented neuronal abnormalities. Sevoflurane alleviated these effects, as well as the learning and memory deficits caused by EMP exposure. In vitro, cell viability was reduced and LDH release was increased after EMP exposure; treatment with sevoflurane ameliorated these effects. Additionally, sevoflurane increased SOD activity, decreased MDA levels and alleviated neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. These findings demonstrate that Sevoflurane conferred neuroprotective effects against EMP radiation-induced brain damage by inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Rodríguez-González R, Baluja A, Veiras Del Río S, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez J, Taboada M, Brea D, Álvarez J. Effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on cell death, inflammation and TLR expression in human endothelial cells exposed to LPS. J Transl Med 2013; 11:87. [PMID: 23552565 PMCID: PMC3636049 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane is an anesthetic agent which also participates in protective mechanisms in sepsis, likely due to anti-inflammatory properties. A key tissue in sepsis is the endothelium, which expresses TLR2 and TLR4 receptors, known regulators of inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for this pathology. In this context, we explored the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning in an in vitro sepsis model. Methods Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for two different experiments. In the first set, cultures were placed in an airtight incubation chamber and exposed to different concentrations of sevoflurane (0,1,3 or 7% vol,) for 1 hour. In the second set, lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (1 μg/mL) was added to culture medium for 3 hours and cells were subsequently exposed to sevoflurane (0,1,3 or 7% vol,) for 1 hour as explained before. In both cases, cell viability was measured by MTT and Trypan blue assays, TLR2 and TLR4 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry, and TNFα and IL-6 levels were quantified in cell culture media by an immunoassay immediately after exposure, at 6 and 24 hours. Results Exposure to 3% sevoflurane decreased TLR2 at 24 hours and TLR4 at 6 and 24 hours (both p<0.05), whereas exposure to 7% decreased TLR4 expression at 6 hours (p<0.05). Both 3 and 7% sevoflurane decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 24 hours (both p<0.05). In LPS-stimulated cultures, exposure to 3% sevoflurane was cytoprotective at 6 and 24 hours (p<0.05) compared with control, and decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expression at 24 hours (p<0.05); whereas 7% decreased TLR4 expression at 24 hours (p<0.05). Both 3% and 7% sevoflurane decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 24 hours (both p<0.05). Conclusions Postconditioning with the halogenated anesthetic agent sevoflurane after LPS stimulation shows a cytoprotective effect in an in vitro model, decreasing cell death and reducing TLR2 and TLR4 expression as well as levels of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6 in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rodríguez-González
- Critical Patient Translational Research Group, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Hospital Clínico Universitario, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Postischemic Sevoflurane Offers No Additional Neuroprotective Benefit to Preischemic Dexmedetomidine. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2013; 25:184-90. [DOI: 10.1097/ana.0b013e3182764d2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Isoflurane postconditioning reduces ischemia-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and interleukin 1β production to provide neuroprotection in rats and mice. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:216-24. [PMID: 23313315 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of isoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, after brain ischemia can reduce ischemic brain injury in rodents (isoflurane postconditioning). This study is designed to determine whether isoflurane postconditioning improves long-term neurological outcome after focal brain ischemia and whether this protection is mediated by attenuating neuroinflammation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 90-min middle cerebral arterial occlusion (MCAO). Isoflurane postconditioning was performed by exposing rats to 2% isoflurane for 60min immediately after the MCAO. Isoflurane postconditioning reduced brain infarct volumes, apoptotic cells in the ischemic penumbral brain tissues and neurological deficits of rats at 4weeks after the MCAO. Isoflurane postconditioning reduced brain ischemia/reperfusion-induced nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB (NF-κB) activation as well as interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 production in the ischemic penumbral brain tissues at 24h after the MCAO. IL-1β deficient mice had smaller brain infarct volumes and better neurological functions than wild-type mice at 24h after a 90-min focal brain ischemia. Isoflurane posttreatment failed to induce neuroprotection in the IL-1β deficient mice. Our results suggest that isoflurane postconditioning improved long-term neurological outcome after transient focal brain ischemia. This protection may be mediated by inhibiting NF-κB activation and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β.
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Synthesis and protective effect of scutellarein on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Molecules 2012; 17:10667-74. [PMID: 22955455 PMCID: PMC6268490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarein, the main metabolite of scutellarin in vivo, has relatively better solubility, bioavailability and bio-activity than scutellarin. However, compared with scutellarin, it is very difficult to obtain scutellarein from Nature. Therefore, the present study focused on establishing an efficient route for the synthesis of scutellarein by hydrolyzing scutellarin. Neurological deficit score and cerebral infarction volume with the administration of scutellarein were then used to compare its neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with those of scutellarin. The results showed that scutellarein had better protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion than scutellarin, which laid the foundation for further research and development of scutellarein as a promising candidate for ischemic cerebro-vascular disease.
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Ghoubay-Benallaoua D, Pécha F, Goldschmidt P, Fialaire-Legendre A, Chaumeil C, Laroche L, Borderie VM. Effects of isoproterenol and cholera toxin on human limbal epithelial cell cultures. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37:644-53. [PMID: 22559728 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.669510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholera toxin and isoproterenol (β-adrenergic receptor agonist) are largely used to enhance cell proliferation. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of cholera toxin and isoproterenol on growth and differentiation of cells cultured from human superficial limbal explants. METHODS Limbal epithelial cells were cultured from superficial limbal explantsin basal medium either supplemented with cholera toxin or isoproterenol for 3 weeks. Growth kinetics and morphometry were studied by light and confocal microscopy. Progenitor and differentiated epithelial cell markers were studied by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, Colony Formation Assay, and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cell proliferation was significantly higher with 0.5 µg/ml (p = 0.049), 1 µg/ml (p = 0.005), and 2 µg/ml (p = 0.008) isoproterenol whereas, cholera toxin and 4 µg/ml isoproterenol did not significantly increase cell proliferation. Multilayered epithelial cell sheets were obtained in all culture conditions. Addition of isoproterenol resulted in smaller cell size (p < 0.05) 14 days after cells were cultured, whereas cholera toxin had no effects. Strong expression of cytokeratins 3 and 4/5/6/8/10/13/18 and lower expression of cytokeratin 19, vimentin, and Delta N p63α were observed after 3 weeks of culture with no significant differences in the percentage of positive cells according to culture medium. Colony-forming efficiencies were observed after 2 weeks in all culture condition but not after 3 weeks. CONCLUSION Isoproterenol was more efficient than cholera toxin for enhancing cell proliferation and resulted in smaller cell size. It appears to be useful and safe for growing human limbal epithelial progenitors from limbal explants with no feeders before transplantation to patients with limbal deficiency.
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Sandali O, Gaujoux T, Goldschmidt P, Ghoubay-Benallaoua D, Laroche L, Borderie VM. Infectious keratitis in severe limbal stem cell deficiency: characteristics and risk factors. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012; 20:182-9. [PMID: 22537286 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.672617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence, clinical and microbiological characteristics and risk factors of infectious keratitis in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). METHODS Retrospective comparative case series of 35 patients with severe LSCD. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 46 months. Infectious keratitis were mainly caused by Gram positive bacteria (94%). Only 7 infections (37%) healed under fortified adapted antibiotics. In 8 cases (42%), amniotic membrane transplantation was required and in 4 cases (21%) «à chaud» keratoplasty was performed. Significant risk factors associated with infectious keratitis were: soft contact lens extended wear, history of persistent epithelial defects, number of quadrants of corneal vascularization, re-epithelialization time after amniotic membrane or corneal transplantation, and use of corticosteroid or cyclosporin eye drops. CONCLUSION Infectious keratitis in LSCD is frequent and severe. The restoration of the epithelial barrier integrity and a careful use of therapeutic contact lenses may help to prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otman Sandali
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des XV-XX, Pierre & Marie Curie University Paris 06, Research team 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
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