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Mejri H, Aidi Wannes W, Mahjoub FH, Hammami M, Dussault C, Legault J, Saidani-Tounsi M. Potential bio-functional properties of Citrus aurantium L. leaf: chemical composition, antiviral activity on herpes simplex virus type-1, antiproliferative effects on human lung and colon cancer cells and oxidative protection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1113-1123. [PMID: 37029956 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the antioxidant, anticancer and antiviral properties of the methanolic extracts from bigarade (Citrus aurantium L.) leaves at two development stages. Ferulic acid, naringin and naringenin were the principal phenolic components of young and old leaves. The highest total antioxidant capacity was obtained in young leaf extracts (YLE). These latter also exhibited the highest antiradical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) activities, while the highest iron chelating and reducing power activities were observed in old leaf extracts (OLE). The potent anticancer activity was observed in YLE for human lung carcinoma (A-549) and in OLE for colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells. YLE showed the highest virucidal effects as compared to OLE and the positive control acyclovir against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) propagation in Vero cells during the absorption and replication periods. The young and old leaves might be a source of natural antioxidants and protective agents against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Mejri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec a Chicoutimi, Université du Québec a Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, GH, Canada
| | - Wissem Aidi Wannes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | | | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Dussault
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec a Chicoutimi, Université du Québec a Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, GH, Canada
| | - Jean Legault
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec a Chicoutimi, Université du Québec a Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, GH, Canada
| | - Moufida Saidani-Tounsi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-lif, Tunisia
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Revilla I, Hernández Jiménez M, Martínez-Martín I, Valderrama P, Rodríguez-Fernández M, Vivar-Quintana AM. The Potential Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Determine the Heavy Metals and the Percentage of Blends in Tea. Foods 2024; 13:450. [PMID: 38338587 PMCID: PMC10855971 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The following study analyzed the potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the metal composition (Al, Pb, As, Hg and Cu) of tea and for establishing discriminant models for pure teas (green, red, and black) and their different blends. A total of 322 samples of pure black, red, and green teas and binary blends were analyzed. The results showed that pure red teas had the highest content of As and Pb, green teas were the only ones containing Hg, and black teas showed higher levels of Cu. NIRS allowed to predict the content of Al, Pb, As, Hg, and Cu with ratio performance deviation values > 3 for all of them. Additionally, it was possible to discriminate pure samples from their respective blends with an accuracy of 98.3% in calibration and 92.3% in validation. However, when the samples were discriminated according to the percentage of blending (>95%, 95-85%, 85-75%, or 75-50% of pure tea) 100% of the samples of 10 out of 12 groups were correctly classified in calibration, but only the groups with a level of pure tea of >95% showed 100% of the samples as being correctly classified as to validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Revilla
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Miriam Hernández Jiménez
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Iván Martínez-Martín
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Patricia Valderrama
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Via Rosalina Maria dos Santos 1233, Campo Mourão 87301-899, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Fernández
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Ana M. Vivar-Quintana
- Food Technology, Universidad de Salamanca, E.P.S. de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain; (I.R.); (M.H.J.); (I.M.-M.)
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Guimarães AC, de Moura EG, Silva SG, Lopes BP, Bertasso IM, Pietrobon CB, Quitete FT, de Oliveira Malafaia T, Souza ÉPG, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira E. Citrus aurantium L. and synephrine improve brown adipose tissue function in adolescent mice programmed by early postnatal overfeeding. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1278121. [PMID: 38274208 PMCID: PMC10809993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aims Obesity is a multifactorial condition with high health risk, associated with important chronic disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Citrus aurantium L. (C. aurantium) is a medicinal plant, and its active component, synephrine, a β-3 adrenergic agonist, can be used for weight loss. We investigated the effects of C. aurantium and synephrine in obese adolescent mice programmed by early postnatal overfeeding. Methods Three days after birth, male Swiss mice were divided into a small litter (SL) group (3 pups) and a normal litter (NL) group (9 pups). At 30 days old, SL and NL mice were treated with C. aurantium standardized to 6% synephrine, C. aurantium with 30% synephrine, isolated synephrine, or vehicle for 19 days. Results The SL group had a higher body weight than the NL group. Heart rate and blood pressure were not elevated. The SL group had hyperleptinemia and central obesity that were normalized by C. aurantium and synephrine. In brown adipose tissue, the SL group showed a higher lipid droplet sectional area, less nuclei, a reduction in thermogenesis markers related to thermogenesis (UCP-1, PRDM16, PGC-1α and PPARg), and mitochondrial disfunction. C. aurantium and synephrine treatment normalized these parameters. Conclusion Our data indicates that the treatment with C. aurantium and synephrine could be a promising alternative for the control of some obesity dysfunction, such as improvement of brown adipose tissue dysfunction and leptinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cardoso Guimarães
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Giannini Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pereira Lopes
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Bruna Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Torres Quitete
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tayanne de Oliveira Malafaia
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica Patrícia Garcia Souza
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Development, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kannan P, Shafreen M M, Achudhan AB, Gupta A, Saleena LM. A review on applications of β-glucosidase in food, brewery, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108855. [PMID: 37263146 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
β-glucosidases hydrolyse glycosidic bonds to release non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues from glycosides and oligosaccharides via catalytic mechanisms. It is very well known that the β-glucosidase enzyme is used in biorefineries for cellulose degradation, where β-glucosidases is the rate-limiting enzyme for the final glucose production from cellobiose. The β-glucosidase enzyme is used as a catalyst in other industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals, breweries, dairy, and food processing. With the aid of β-glucosidase enzymes, cyanogenic glycosides and plant glycosides are transformed into sugar moiety and aglycones. These aglycone compounds are employed as aromatic compounds in the food processing and brewing industries. They are also used as medications and dietary supplements based on their pharmacological qualities. Applications of aglycones and the microbiological sources of β-glucosidase in aglycone production have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohiraa Shafreen M
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunmozhi Bharathi Achudhan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annapurna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lilly M Saleena
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pensamiento-Niño CA, Castañeda-Ovando A, Añorve-Morga J, Hernández-Fuentes AD, Aguilar-Arteaga K, Ojeda-Ramírez D. Edible Flowers and Their Relationship with Human Health: Biological Activities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2182885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Añorve-Morga
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico
| | - Alma D. Hernández-Fuentes
- Veterinary Medicine and Agroindustry Engineering Departments, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Mexico
| | - Karina Aguilar-Arteaga
- Agroindustry Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Francisco, Madero, Francisco Madero, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Ojeda-Ramírez
- Veterinary Medicine and Agroindustry Engineering Departments, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Mexico
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Manchanda P, Kaur H, Mankoo RK, Kaur A, Kaur J, Kaur S, Sidhu GS. Optimization of extraction of bioactive phenolics and their antioxidant potential from callus and leaf extracts of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, C. reticulata Blanco and C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nowak D, Gośliński M, Kłębukowska L. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Fruit Juices. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:427-435. [PMID: 35829820 PMCID: PMC9463271 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruit and fruit juices are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can protect our organisms from oxidative stress. The phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals may affect the antimicrobial properties of juices. The aim of this study has been to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected berry juices and vitamin C-rich fruit juices. The research material was composed of seven juices, including three from berries (elderberry chokeberry, cranberry), three from vitamin C-rich fruit (sea buckthorn, wild rose, Japanese quince) and one exotic juice from noni fruit. Antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin content were determined. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated. The research showed that fruit juices from wild rose, chokeberry and Japanese quince had the highest antioxidant capacity. These juices were characterised by the rich content of polyphenols. Elderberry and chokeberry juices had the highest total anthocyanins. The juices differed in the content of bioactive compounds and specific bactericidal properties against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Fruit juices from cranberry, Japanese quince and sea buckthorn had the highest antimicrobial activity. Wild rose, chokeberry and elderberry juices, despite their high antioxidant properties, showed antimicrobial activity only against Gram-positive strains, except Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens. Significant differences in the content of bioactive compounds in fruit juices affect the antimicrobial properties juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dębowa 3, 85-626, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Michał Gośliński
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Dębowa 3, 85-626, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kłębukowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-726, Olsztyn, Poland
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Submerged fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis significantly improved the physiological activities of Citrus aurantium flower extract. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10498. [PMID: 36097484 PMCID: PMC9463378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Salam HS, Tawfik MM, Elnagar MR, Mohammed HA, Zarka MA, Awad NS. Potential Apoptotic Activities of Hylocereus undatus Peel and Pulp Extracts in MCF-7 and Caco-2 Cancer Cell Lines. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172192. [PMID: 36079573 PMCID: PMC9459728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a huge demand for novel anticancer agents with fewer side effects compared to current therapies. Pitaya, or dragon fruit, is a reservoir of potent anticancer compounds. This research aimed to analyze the phytochemical components of Hylocereus undatus pulp and peel extracts using LC-MS and GC-MS, and to investigate the in vitro effects of both extracts against cancer (breast, MCF-7, and colon, Caco-2) and normal (lung; WI-38 and breast; MCF-10A) cell proliferation using the MTT assay. The apoptosis potential of the anticancer effects was also evaluated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the peel extract were significantly higher than those in the pulp extract. Compared to the flavonoid and phenolic acid standards, the LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of nine compounds, which were represented as 84.32 and 5.29 µg/g of the flavonoids and 686.11 and 148.72 µg/g of the phenolic acids in the peel and pulp extracts, respectively. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin were found at the highest concentration in both plant extracts. Both extracts displayed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cells after 48 h of treatment at IC50 values ranging from 14 to 53 μg/mL with high selective indices against normal WI-38 and MCF-10A cell lines. The increase in apoptosis was revealed by the overexpression of p53, BAX, and caspase-9 and the downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions. The results indicate that H. undatus extracts can be a plant source for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin S. Salam
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (M.R.E.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.R.E.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Zarka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Nabil S. Awad
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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El-Beltagi HS, El-Mogy MM, Parmar A, Mansour AT, Shalaby TA, Ali MR. Phytochemical Characterization and Utilization of Dried Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Peel Extract in Maintaining the Quality of Nile Tilapia Fish Fillet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050906. [PMID: 35624770 PMCID: PMC9138059 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals derived from agro-industrial waste materials could be employed as functional food additives and natural antioxidants to replace their synthetic counterparts, which are increasingly being rejected. The current study aims to assess total phenolic compound (TPC), flavonoids, betalain contents, and antiradical scavenging using DPPH and IC50% of dried red beetroot peel (DRBP) extract at different concentrations of 50, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mg/100 mL t. In addition, a characterization of phenols and flavonoids was conducted using HPLC. The second part of this study aims to utilize aqueous DRBP extract in preserving Nile Talipia fish fillet at two concentrations of 80 and 100 mg/100 mL water, compared with 200 ppm of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and control at 5 °C for 10 days. The DRBP aqueous extract was found to have a high concentration of TPC (832 mg/100 g), flavonoids (234 mg/100 g) and betalains (535 mg/100 g) compounds, resulting in a potential antioxidant activity. The IC50% for the extract was detected at 80 mg/100 mL extract. DRBP aqueous extract showed an excellent preservative effect on the fish fillet. Fish fillet samples treated with DRBP extract at a concentration of 100 mg/100 mL were superior in reducing TBA (thiobarbituric acid) increase compared with other treatments at the end of cold storage. Overall, the study showed that red beetroot extracts can act as a natural preservative agent due to their significant antioxidant activity, providing healthy and safe food to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gamma St, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Mohamed M. El-Mogy
- Vegetable Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Aditya Parmar
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Shalaby
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Rashad Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.S.E.-B.); (M.R.A.)
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Comprehensive Characterization and Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds in Finger Lime (Citrus australasica L.) by HPLC-QTof-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Australian finger limes (Citrus australasica L.), an unusual citrus due to its unique pulp with a caviar-like appearance, has reached the global market as a promising source of bioactive compounds that promote health. This research was, therefore, performed to shed light on the bioactivity and composition of different parts of Citrus australasica L. (peel and pulp). Initial ultrasound-assisted extraction using MeOH:H2O (80:20, v/v) was carried out. After that, four fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were generated through liquid–liquid partitioning, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction in the peel, which presented the highest values of TPC and antioxidant activity, was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-QTof) mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified, of which seven were characterized for the first time in this matrix. Moreover, ten phenolic compounds were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The major compounds in the sample were citric acid, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, coumarin, rutin, naringin, 2-coumaric acid, didymin, naringenin and isorhamnetin, which were found in a range from 2.7 to 8106.7 µg/g sample dry weight. Finally, the results presented in this novel work confirmed that the peel by-product of C. australasica L. is a potential source of bioactive compounds and could result in a positive outcome for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
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Ansari B, Aschner M, Hussain Y, Efferth T, Khan H. Suppression of colorectal carcinogenesis by naringin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153897. [PMID: 35026507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most malignant cancer worldwide. Despite novel treatment options, the incidence and mortality rates of colon cancer continue to increase in most countries, especially in US, European and Asian countries. Colorectal carcinogenesis is multifactorial, including dietary and genetic factors, as well as lacking physical activity. Vegetables and fruits contain high amounts of secondary metabolites, which might reduce the risk for colorectal carcinogenesis. Flavonoids are important bioactive polyphenolic compounds. There are more than 4,000 different flavonoids, including flavanones, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, flavones, and catechins in a large variety of plant. HYPOTHESIS Among various other flavonoids, naringin in Citrus fruits has been a subject of intense scrutiny for its activity against many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. We hypothesize that naringin is capable to inhibit the growth of transformed colonocytes and to induce programmed cell death in colon cancer cells. RESULTS We comprehensively review the inhibitory effects of naringin on colorectal cancers and address the underlying mechanistic pathways such as NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, apoptosis, NF-κB-COX-2-iNOS, and β-catenin pathways. CONCLUSION Naringin suppresses colorectal inflammation and carcinogenesis by various signaling pathways. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine their effectiveness in combating colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 221400, P R China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Elmeligy S, Hathout RM, Khalifa SA, El-Seedi HR, Farag MA. Pharmaceutical manipulation of citrus flavonoids towards improvement of its bioavailability and stability. A mini review and a meta-analysis study. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Pires EDO, Di Gioia F, Rouphael Y, Ferreira ICFR, Caleja C, Barros L, Petropoulos SA. The Compositional Aspects of Edible Flowers as an Emerging Horticultural Product. Molecules 2021; 26:6940. [PMID: 34834031 PMCID: PMC8619536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible flowers are becoming very popular, as consumers are seeking healthier and more attractive food products that can improve their diet aesthetics and diversify their dietary sources of micronutrients. The great variety of flowers that can be eaten is also associated with high variability in chemical composition, especially in bioactive compounds content that may significantly contribute to human health. The advanced analytical techniques allowed us to reveal the chemical composition of edible flowers and identify new compounds and effects that were not known until recently. Considering the numerous species of edible flowers, the present review aims to categorize the various species depending on their chemical composition and also to present the main groups of compounds that are usually present in the species that are most commonly used for culinary purposes. Moreover, special attention is given to those species that contain potentially toxic or poisonous compounds as their integration in human diets should be carefully considered. In conclusion, the present review provides useful information regarding the chemical composition and the main groups of chemical compounds that are present in the flowers of the most common species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleomar de O. Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Caleja
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece
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15
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Effect of beetroot peel dip treatment on the quality preservation of Deccan mahseer (Tor khudree) steaks during frozen storage (−18 °C). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Maksoud S, Abdel-Massih RM, Rajha HN, Louka N, Chemat F, Barba FJ, Debs E. Citrus aurantium L. Active Constituents, Biological Effects and Extraction Methods. An Updated Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195832. [PMID: 34641373 PMCID: PMC8510401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus genus is a prominent staple crop globally. Long-term breeding and much hybridization engendered a myriad of species, each characterized by a specific metabolism generating different secondary metabolites. Citrus aurantium L., commonly recognized as sour or bitter orange, can exceptionally be distinguished from other Citrus species by unique characteristics. It is a fruit with distinctive flavor, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals which possess different health benefits. This paper presents an overview of the most recent studies done on the matter. It intends to provide an in-depth understanding of the biological activities and medicinal uses of active constituents existing in C. aurantium. Every plant part is first discussed separately with regards to its content in active constituents. All extraction methods, their concepts and yields, used to recover these valuable molecules from their original plant matrix are thoroughly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssan Maksoud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.M.A.-M.); (E.D.)
| | - Roula M. Abdel-Massih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.M.A.-M.); (E.D.)
| | - Hiba N. Rajha
- Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), Saint-Joseph University, CST Mkalles Mar Roukos, P.O. Box 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon;
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Nicolas Louka
- Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences, Saint-Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Farid Chemat
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRA, UMR408, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-544-972
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.M.A.-M.); (E.D.)
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17
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Yu YM, Niu YY, Wang LY, Li YT, Wu ZY, Yan CW. Supramolecular self-assembly and perfected in vitro/ vivo property of 5-fluorouracil and ferulic acid on the strength of double optimized strategy: the first 5-fluorouracial-phenolic acid nutraceutical cocrystal with synergistic antitumor efficacy. Analyst 2021; 146:2506-2519. [PMID: 33899060 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For highlighting the predominance of phenolic acid nutraceutical ferulic acid (FR) in regulating the in vivo/vitro performances of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (Flu) and strengthening their cooperativity in antitumor effect, thus achieving a major breakthrough in the development of drug-nutraceutical cocrystal with synergistic antitumor action, a cocrystallization strategy of dual optimization is created, in which both the in vivo and vitro natures of Flu are improved by exploiting the FR's excellent physicochemical property. Moreover, Flu's anticancer effects were promoted by exerting the assistant antitumor peculiarity of FR. Such dual optimization of FR for Flu in physicochemical properties and anticancer activities is beneficial for realizing synergistic augmentation effect by taking the benefit of the cooperativeness of Flu and FR in the anticancer ability. Based on this idea, a novel cocrystal of Flu and FR, namely, Flu-FR-H2O, is successfully assembled as the first 5-fluorouracil-nutraceutical cocrystal with synergistic antitumor effect and its explicit structure is resolved. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrates that Flu and FR have a ratio of 1 : 1 with one equivalent of solvent water in the cocrystal, where one-dimensional hydrogen-bonding helices and FR-Flu hydrogen-bonding pairs, together construct a three-dimensional supramolecular network. By combining experimental evaluation with theoretical analysis, in vitro/vivo pharmaceutical properties are scientifically investigated. Results show that the permeability and aqueous solubility of Flu are respectively elevated by 5.08 and 1.64 folds, which has brought about ameliorated pharmacokinetics, thus providing prolonged retention time and increased oral bioavailability. More interestingly, the cocrystal shows synergistic inhibition ability of Flu and FR against tested tumor cell strains, hence laying the groundwork for reducing the dosage and even the toxic side effects of Flu. As a result of this, the present research not only provides a new strategy for Flu to optimize its physicochemical properties and antitumor activities simultaneously but also offers some opinions for the development of synergistic antitumor pharmaceutical cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Niu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Ling-Yang Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Yan-Tuan Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Cui-Wei Yan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
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18
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Wang Y, Liu XJ, Chen JB, Cao JP, Li X, Sun CD. Citrus flavonoids and their antioxidant evaluation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3833-3854. [PMID: 33435726 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and are an important source of daily intake of antioxidant supplements. Many studies have shown that citrus flavonoids promote health through antioxidation. In this review, the biosynthesis, composition and distribution of citrus flavonoids were concluded. The detection methods of antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids were divided into four categories: chemical, cellular, animal and clinical antioxidant capacity evaluation systems. The modeling methods, applicable scenarios, and their relative merits were compared based on these four systems. The antioxidant functions of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems were also discussed, especially the regulation of the Nrf2-antioxidases pathway. Some shortcomings in the current research were pointed out, and some suggestions for progress were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Hosseinkhani A, Ziaian B, Hessami K, Kashkooe A, Pasalar M. An Evidence-Based Review of Antitussive Herbs Containing Essential Oils in Traditional Persian Medicine. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:179-185. [PMID: 32316897 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200421091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical advice is sought. Although cough is a protective reflex responsible for clearing the airways from secretions and foreign bodies, it can be a troublesome symptom that causes discomfort to patients. Due to the increasing interest in herbal remedies in both developed and developing countries, in the current study, we aimed to overview medicinal herbs containing essential oils used as antitussive agents according to Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) textbooks. We summarized the relevant scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological effects. METHODS To collect the evidence for the treatment of cough or "seaal" (cough in ancient books) from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied. The antitussive herbs were listed and their scientific names were identified and authenticated following botanical reference books. ScienceDirect and PubMed online databases were searched for related mechanisms of action of the reported medicinal plants. RESULTS Forty-nine herbs containing essential oils have been recommended in TPM for the treatment of cough; 21 of them had at least one known mechanism of action for cough suppression in the scientific literature. According to this review, most of the cited medicinal plants were assessed for either nitric oxide inhibitory or antitussive/expectorant activities. CONCLUSION In addition to advantageous effects of antitussive herbs recommended by TPM, the present review highlighted some recent evidence-based data on these promising herbs that could be used as an outline for future research on their medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Hosseinkhani
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Ziaian
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Hessami
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Kashkooe
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Skrajda-Brdak M, Dąbrowski G, Konopka I. Edible flowers, a source of valuable phytonutrients and their pro-healthy effects – A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Maqbool H, Abubacker Z, M.P. S, Kumar S. Antioxidant Properties and the Preservative Effect of Whole Radish Extract on Quality of Deccan Mahseer (Tor khudree) Steaks during Chilled Storage. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Maqbool
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Zynudheen Abubacker
- Fish Processing Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Safeena M.P.
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Fish Processing Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
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22
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Pawliczak R. Leonurus sibiricus root extracts decrease airway remodeling markers expression in fibroblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:28-46. [PMID: 32562256 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is believed to be provoked by the interaction between airway inflammation and remodeling. Airway remodeling is a complex and poorly understood process, and controlling it appears key for halting the progression of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. Plants synthesize a number of valuable compounds as constitutive products and as secondary metabolites, many of which have curative properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-remodeling properties of extracts from transformed and transgenic Leonurus sibiricus roots with transformed L. sibiricus roots extract with transcriptional factor AtPAP1 overexpression (AtPAP1). Two fibroblast cell lines, Wistar Institute-38 (WI-38) and human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1), were incubated with extracts from transformed L. sibiricus roots (TR) and roots with transcriptional factor AtPAP1 over-expression (AtPAP1 TR). Additionally, remodeling conditions were induced in the cultures with rhinovirus 16 (HRV16). The expressions of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), arginase I and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoblotting methods. AtPAP1 TR decreased arginase I and MMP-9 expression with no effect on TIMP-1 or TGF-β mRNA expression. This extract also inhibited HRV16-induced expression of arginase I, MMP-9 and TGF-β in both cell lines (P < 0·05) Our study shows for the first time to our knowledge, that transformed AtPAP1 TR extract from L. sibiricus root may affect the remodeling process. Its effect can be attributed an increased amount of phenolic acids such as: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid or ferulic acid and demonstrates the value of biotechnology in medicinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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23
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24
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Degirmenci H, Erkurt H. Chemical profile and antioxidant potency of Citrus aurantium L. flower extracts with antibacterial effect against foodborne pathogens in rice pudding. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Boeri P, Piñuel L, Dalzotto D, Monasterio R, Fontana A, Sharry S, Barrio DA, Carrillo W. Argentine Patagonia barberry chemical composition and evaluation of its antioxidant capacity. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13254. [PMID: 32346894 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An important portion of vitamins, minerals and polyphenols components in human diet are captured from fruit consumption. Argentinean Patagonia Berberis microphylla was characterized with the phenolic content, the proximate composition and the identification and quantification of anthocyanins, not-anthocyanins and proteins. The antioxidant capacity of berberis ethanolic extracts (EB) was determined by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. EB was used to reduce production of reactive substances species (ROS) in zebrafish. EB presented a total polyphenols content of 1,035.03 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight (FW). EB presented an ABTS value of 116.25 ± 17 μmol TE/g FW. EB presented a DPPH value of 137.80 ± 1.90 μmol TE/g FW. EB was able of reducing the ROS in zebrafish. Berberies Protein Isolate (BPI) presented proteins with bands from 15 to 62 kDa. BPI presented an ABTS value of 593.11 ± 8.60 μmol TE/g. The BPI duodenal digest presented a value of 641.07 ± 12.60 μmol TE/g digests. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The practical applications of the present study are to increase scientific knowledge for consumers about the quality and benefits of the consumption of the native fruit (Berberis microphylla) from the Patagonia region of Argentine. This work describes the protein profile of berberies, their digestibility and their antioxidant activity. This study allows to better understand the phytonutrients that make up this fruit. Future studies may identify the peptides present in hydrolyzates. The bio-compounds of this fruit could be used as functional ingredients by the food industry for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Boeri
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina.,CIT-Rio Negro -CONICET, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Piñuel
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina.,CIT-Rio Negro -CONICET, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | | | - Romina Monasterio
- Institute of Agricultural Biology of Mendoza (IBAM), UNCuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ariel Fontana
- Institute of Agricultural Biology of Mendoza (IBAM), UNCuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sandra Sharry
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina.,Wood Research Laboratory (LIMAD), Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alejandro Barrio
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Rio Negro Viedma, Argentina.,CIT-Rio Negro -CONICET, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Wilman Carrillo
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo, Babahoyo, Ecuador
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Shen CY, Wang TX, Jiang JG. Extraction optimization and adsorption isotherm kinetics of polyphenols from blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1577894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xing Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Yu L, Chen M, Liu J, Huang X, He W, Qing Z, Zeng J. Systematic Detection and Identification of Bioactive Ingredients from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with a Screening Method. Molecules 2020; 25:E357. [PMID: 31952271 PMCID: PMC7024317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter orange, Citrus aurantium L. var. amara (CAVA), is an important crop and its flowers and fruits are widely used in China as a food spice, as well as in traditional Chinese medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. The secondary metabolites that are present in plant-derived foods or medicines are, in part, responsible for the health benefits and desirable flavor profiles. Nevertheless, detailed information about the bioactive ingredients in CAVA is scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the phytochemicals of CAVA by high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Here, a systematic screening method combined with HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was presented. This technique was used to systematically screen metabolites, primarily from the complex matrix of CAVA, and to identify these compounds by their exact masses, characteristic fragment ions, and fragmentation behaviors. A total of 295 metabolites were screened by the screening method and 89 phytochemicals were identified in the flowers, fruits, roots, leaves, and branches of CAVA. For the first time, 69 phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc.) were reported from CAVA. The results highlight the importance of CAVA as a source of secondary metabolites in the food, medicine, and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Miaofen Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Jinghong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiuqiong Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Wei He
- Green Melody Bio-engineering Group Company Limited, Changsha 410329, China;
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
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Kumar N, Goel N. Phenolic acids: Natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00370. [PMID: 31516850 PMCID: PMC6734135 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenolics are considered to be a vital human dietary component and exhibit a tremendous antioxidant activity as well as other health benefits. Epidemiology evidence indicates that a diet rich in antioxidant fruits and vegetables significantly reduces the risk of many oxidative stress related diseases viz. cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular. The number and position of hydroxyl group in a particular phenolic compound leads to the variation in their antioxidant potential. Polyphenols are the main source of dietary antioxidants, and are effortlessly absorbed in the intestine. Phenolic acids, a sub class of plant phenolics, possess phenol moiety and resonance stabilized structure which causes the H-atom donation results in antioxidant property through radical scavenging mechanism. Other mode such as radical quenching via electron donation and singlet oxygen quenching are also known for the antioxidant activity of phenolic acids. Furthermore, phenolic acids are found ubiquitously and well documented for other health protective effects like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic etc. The contribution emphasize on the phenolic acids potential in drug discovery. In addition their occurrence, biosynthesis, metabolism and health effects are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolics from Citrus aurantium L. Blossoms and Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-HMG-CoA Reductase Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132368. [PMID: 31248058 PMCID: PMC6651220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an ultrasonic-assisted procedure for the extraction of total phenolics from Citrus aurantium L. blossoms (CAB) and evaluate the free radical scavenging activity and anti-HMG-CoA reductase activity of the total phenolics. In this work, a Box- Behnken design based on single-factor experiments was used to explore the optimum extraction process. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent 70.31% ethanol, extraction temperature 61.94 °C, extraction time 51.73 min, and liquid-to-solid ratio 35.63 mL/g), the extraction yield of total phenolics was 95.84 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry matter (DM), which was highly consistent with the theoretical value (96.12 mg GAE/g DM). The higher contents of total phenolics and five main phenolic compounds obtained from the optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) proved its efficiency when compared with conventional heat reflux extraction (HRE). The total phenolic extract showed excellent free radical scavenging properties against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS+·), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide anion radical (·O2-), with IC50 values of 197.007, 83.878, 218.643, and 158.885 μg/mL, respectively; the extracts also showed good inhibition of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity, with an IC50 value of 117.165 μg/mL. Total phenolics from CAB could be a potential source of natural free radical scavenger and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
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Kumar N, Gupta S, Chand Yadav T, Pruthi V, Kumar Varadwaj P, Goel N. Extrapolation of phenolic compounds as multi-target agents against cancer and inflammation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2355-2369. [PMID: 30047324 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1481457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products acquire massive structural and chemical diversity, which cannot be coordinated by any synthetic libraries for small molecules and they are continuing to inspire novel discoveries in health sciences. We have performed the computational calculations for geometry optimization and prediction of electronic and structural properties of some plant phenolic compounds through Gaussian 09 program. Energies of molecular orbitals were computed, to mimic out the stabilities arising from charge delocalization and intramolecular interactions. This process indicated the eventual charge transfer within the molecules. The molecular docking and ADMET properties of these compounds with a novel anticancer (HER2) and anti-inflammatory (COX-2) targets revealed that two molecules were capable of inhibiting both the targets, and could be used as multi target inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed to elucidate the binding mechanism and the comparison of inhibitor's binding mode with diverse biological activities as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. A high-quality association was reported among quantum chemical, ADMET, docking, dynamics and MMGBSA results. Communicated By Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , Uttarakhand , India;,b Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- c Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology , Allahabad 211015 , India
| | - Tara Chand Yadav
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667 , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- c Department of Bioinformatics , Indian Institute of Information Technology , Allahabad 211015 , India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- d Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi 221005 , India
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Ana CC, Jesús PV, Hugo EA, Teresa AT, Ulises GC, Neith P. Antioxidant capacity and UPLC-PDA ESI-MS polyphenolic profile of Citrus aurantium extracts obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:5106-5114. [PMID: 30483007 PMCID: PMC6233436 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate different pre-treatments and solvent ratios on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Citrus aurantium (sour orange) peel extracted by ultrasound. A two-factor (2 × 3) factorial design was implemented, with fresh and dry peels as pre-treatment conditions, and water (100%), 50% aqueous ethanol (v/v) and 96% aqueous ethanol (v/v) as the solvents. The phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry, respectively. The compounds were partially purified by advanced automated flash purification. The results indicated that the maximal phenolic content (40.95 ± 3.44 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight) was obtained when fresh sour orange peels were extracted with 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol while the maximal antioxidant activity (730.04 ± 28.60 μmol Trolox equivalents/g dry weight) was achieved from aqueous extraction of dry sour orange peels. Nine phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Naringin and neohesperidin predominated in sour peel extracts, whereas, caffeic and chlorogenic acids were the least abundant. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in the fractions suggested that this activity might be attributed to the synergistic effect of the nine phenolic compounds present in the crude extract. Accordingly, sour orange peel is a potential source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covarrubias-Cárdenas Ana
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Unidad Sureste (CIATEJ), 97070 Mérida, Mexico
| | - Patrón-Vázquez Jesús
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Unidad Sureste (CIATEJ), 97070 Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Ayora-Talavera Teresa
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Unidad Sureste (CIATEJ), 97070 Mérida, Mexico
| | - García-Cruz Ulises
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Pacheco Neith
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco Unidad Sureste (CIATEJ), 97070 Mérida, Mexico
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Bussmann RW, Tariq A, Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Shahat AA, Rashid N, Zafar M, Sultana S, Shah SN. Ethnobotany of Anti-hypertensive Plants Used in Northern Pakistan. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:789. [PMID: 30087613 PMCID: PMC6066661 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important factors responsible for cardiovascular ailments worldwide. It has been observed that herbal products and alternative herbal therapies played a significant role in decreasing hypertension. The aim of the current study is to provide significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medicinal plants related to hypertension from Northern Pakistan. The documented data were quantitatively analyzed for the first time in this area. A total of 250 participants were interviewed through semi-structured discussions and questionnaires. Quantitative indices including FC (Frequency citation), FIV (Family importance value), RFC (Relative frequency of citation) and DCI (Disease Consensus index) were calculated. A total of 192 plant species, belonging to 77 families were reported to be used in treatment of hypertension in Northern Pakistan. The most dominant life form reported was herbs (54%), with decoction (72 reports) and leaves (55.1%) were commonly utilized plant part. Highest FIV was recorded in Lamiaceae (327 FIV). RFC ranged from 0.08 to 1.08% while DCI varied from 0.233 to 0.000. In this study original data was compared with thirty one previous national and international published papers from neighboring region to compare the medicinal uses and obtain some novel plant species. About 42% of the medicinal plant species were reported for the first time in treatment of hypertension in comparison to these 31 published papers. Different phytochemical activities of antihypertensive plants were also reported from literature. This research work documents the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants usage and provides baseline in designing clinical trials and pharmacological analysis for treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Natural Products Lab, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan, China
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration, Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Natural Products Lab, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Sichuan, China
| | - Syed N. Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Anti-inflammatory activity of dimethyl octenol and oleanene tetrol isolated from Trianthema decandra L. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:547-561. [PMID: 29797173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl octenol from chloroform extract and oleanene tetrol from water extract of Trianthema decandra (TD) were isolated and characterized by using HPLC, UV, FT-IR, NMR, LC-MS and CHNS, their structure were elucidated from their respective spectral data. The anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract, water extract, dimethyl octenol and oleanene tetrol of T. decandra were studied and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of action were investigated in vitro and in vivo using macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7 cells) and type II collagen induced arthritis mice models. Nitric oxide production was inhibited and TNF-α secretion was supressed in stimulated RAW cells treated with the chloroform extract and dimethyl octenol of T. decandra. Further, the chloroform and water extract, dimethyl octenol and oleanene tetrol inhibited protein denaturation and stabilized HRBC membranes in vitro. Reduction in inflammation as a measure of paw diameter was recorded in all the treated animals when compared to control animals. Catalase, peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase levels significantly increased in the joint tissue of treated groups. The possible mechanism of action of these compounds was studied using in silico molecular docking methods with phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cycloxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) as targets. Among the three target proteins, the inhibition of the inflammatory protein PLA2 and COX-2 towards dimethyl octenol and oleanene tetrol respectively. Our results contribute towards confirmation of the traditional use of TD and its compounds for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory joint disorders.
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An Overview on Citrus aurantium L.: Its Functions as Food Ingredient and Therapeutic Agent. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7864269. [PMID: 29854097 PMCID: PMC5954905 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7864269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, possesses multiple therapeutic potentials. These biological credentials include anticancer, antianxiety, antiobesity, antibacterial, antioxidant, pesticidal, and antidiabetic activities. The essential oil of C. aurantium was reported to display marked pharmacological effects and great variation in chemical composition depending on growing locations but mostly contained limonene, linalool, and β-myrcene. Phytochemically, C. aurantium is rich in p-synephrine, an alkaloid, and many health-giving secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Animal studies have demonstrated a low affinity of p-synephrine for adrenergic receptors and an even lower affinity in human models. The present review focuses on the different biological activities of the C. aurantium in animal and human models in the form of extract and its pure secondary metabolites. Finally, it is concluded that both the extract and isolated compounds have no unwanted effects in human at therapeutic doses and, therefore, can confidently be used in various dietary formulations.
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Bading Taika B, Bouckandou M, Souza A, Bourobou Bourobou HP, MacKenzie LS, Lione L. An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:203-228. [PMID: 29305175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including 'Diabetes', 'Gabon', 'Toxicity', 'Constituents', 'hyperglycaemia' were used. RESULTS A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. CONCLUSION An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bading Taika
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - M Bouckandou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - A Souza
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon
| | - H P Bourobou Bourobou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - L S MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - L Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Raciti GA, Fiory F, Campitelli M, Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Longo M, Nigro C, Pepe G, Sommella E, Campiglia P, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. Citrus aurantium L. dry extracts promote C/ebpβ expression and improve adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193704. [PMID: 29596447 PMCID: PMC5875749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and/or endocrine dysfunction of the white adipose tissue (WAT) contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Therefore, the identification of products able to improve adipose tissue function represents a valuable strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of T2D. In the current study, we investigated the potential effects of dry extracts obtained from Citrus aurantium L. fruit juice (CAde) on the regulation of 3T3-L1 cells adipocyte differentiation and function in vitro. We found that CAde enhances terminal adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells raising the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/Ebpβ), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4). CAde improves insulin-induced glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well. A focused analysis of the phases occurring in the pre-adipocytes differentiation to mature adipocytes furthermore revealed that CAde promotes the early differentiation stage by up-regulating C/ebpβ expression at 2, 4 and 8 h post the adipogenic induction and anticipating the 3T3-L1 cell cycle entry and progression during mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). These findings provide evidence that the exposure to CAde enhances in vitro fat cell differentiation of pre-adipocytes and functional capacity of mature adipocytes, and pave the way to the development of products derived from Citrus aurantium L. fruit juice, which may improve WAT functional capacity and may be effective for the prevention and/or treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Alexander Raciti
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GAR); (CM)
| | - Francesca Fiory
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Campitelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (GAR); (CM)
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Ndayishimiye J, Lim DJ, Chun BS. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of oils obtained from a mixture of citrus by-products using a modified supercritical carbon dioxide. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shen CY, Jiang JG, Huang CL, Zhu W, Zheng CY. Polyphenols from Blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. Show Significant Anti-Complement and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9061-9068. [PMID: 28942652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAVA) was traditionally used as a digestant or expectorant in China. Crude polyphenols (CAVAP-W) extracted from blossoms of CAVA were mainly composed of eriocitrin/neoeriocitrin, eriocitrin/neoeriocitrin, rhoifolin, hesperidin, naringin, rutin, veronicastroside, neohesperidin, and hesperetin by LC-MS analysis. CAVAP-W showed significant anticomplement and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to the close relationship between anticomplement and anti-inflammatory activity, the anti-inflammatory effect was further investigated and the results showed that CAVAP-W significantly suppressed production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, CAVAP-W inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation through suppressing nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65, degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα, phosphorylation of IκKα/ß, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38, and activation of COX-2, thereby exerting the anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chun-Ling Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510120, China
- Sci-tech Industrial Park, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510120, China
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Khettal B, Kadri N, Tighilet K, Adjebli A, Dahmoune F, Maiza-Benabdeslam F. Phenolic compounds from Citrus leaves: antioxidant activity and enzymatic browning inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2016-0030/jcim-2016-0030.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phenolic compounds from Citrus are known to be a topic of many studies due to their biological properties including antioxidant activity.
Methods
Methanolic and aqueous extracts were isolated from Citrus leaves of different species (C. clementina, C. limon, C. hamlin, C. navel, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium and C. grandis) harvested in Algeria.
Results
The results showed that aqueous extracts of all species are rich in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids (from 68.23 to 125.28 mg GAE/g DM) and (from 11.99 to 46.25 mg QE/g DM) respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were examined for in vitro antioxidant properties using various antioxidant assays. For aqueous extracts, C. limon showed an important DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 35.35 µg/mL), and C. clementina exerted the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (1,174.43 µM ET/g DM) and a significant ferric reducing potential (30.60 mg BHAE/g DM). For methanolic extracts, C. clementina showed the highest antioxidant activity for all the realized assays (IC50 41.85 µg/mL, 378.63 µM ET/g DM and 13.85 mg BHAE/g DM) for DPPH, ABTS radicals scavenging activities and ferric reducing potential respectively. Antiperoxidase and antipolyphenol oxidase activities of these samples were also evaluated.
Conclusions
In this investigation, the assessment of antiperoxidase activity proved that the leaves extracts of different species were able to inhibit peroxidase activity. However, this inhibition varied with the species and the source of these enzymes. On the other hand, the aqueous extracts of different species showed moderate inhibition of polyphenol oxidase, while no effect on these enzymes was obtained with methanolic extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachra Khettal
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Nabil Kadri
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre , Université de Bouira , Bouira , Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biophysique, Biomathématique et Scientometrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Karim Tighilet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , 06000 Bejaia , Algeria
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre , Université de Bouira , Bouira , Algeria
| | - Ahmed Adjebli
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Farid Dahmoune
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre , Université de Bouira , Bouira , Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biophysique, Biomathématique et Scientometrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , Bejaia , Algeria
| | - Fadila Maiza-Benabdeslam
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université de Bejaia , Bejaia , Algeria
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Gororo M, Chimponda T, Chirisa E, Mukanganyama S. Multiple cellular effects of leaf extracts from Parinari curatellifolia. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:305. [PMID: 27549624 PMCID: PMC4994271 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parinari curatellifolia is a prominent plant in folk medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa. The plant decoctions are used to treat various ailments, including the treatment of cancer, pneumonia, fever, microbial infections and anti-inflammation. The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of P. curatellifolia leaf extracts on cell inflammatory and proliferative activity. METHODS Parinari curatellifolia fresh leaves were collected from Centenary in Mashonaland Central Province of Zimbabwe. Plant extracts were prepared using methanol, water, acetone and ethanol. Firstly, the effects of the extracts were determined on xanthine oxidase activity. Kinetic constants were determined for the extracts that showed inhibitory effects. Then the effects of Parinari curatellifolia water extract on LPS, menadione and hydrogen peroxide-activated nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells was determined by quantifying the amount of nitrites formed. Finally, the effects of P. curatellifolia on the proliferation of Jurkat-T cells as well as its modulation of cisplatin-induced cell- cytotoxicity was investigated on a Jurkat human T-cell lymphoma cell line. RESULTS There was significant XO inhibitory activity by the ethanol and methanol extracts at 15.6 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml respectively. The IC50 determination for allopurinol, ethanol extract and methanol extract were 0.43 μg/ml, 1.38 μg/ml and 2.19 μg/ml respectively. The kinetic results showed that the ethanol and methanol extracts were allosteric inhibitors of XO. The water extract of P. curatellifolia inhibited NO production in RAW cells when LPS was used as an activator. P. curatellifolia and cisplatin showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on Jurkat-T cells. Isolated DNA from the cells showed that there was DNA cleavage on cells exposed to P. curatellifolia indicating that apoptosis may be a mechanism by which P. curatellifolia exerts its cytotoxicity on Jurkat-T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results scientifically support the use of P. curatellifolia leaf extracts in the management of pain, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. P. curatellifolia thus has multiple biological effects, thus, validating its use in traditional medical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchelle Gororo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Theresa Chimponda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Elaine Chirisa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Stanley Mukanganyama
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Bio-molecular Interactions Analyses Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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42
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Sridharan B, Mehra Y, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:75-84. [PMID: 27241030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to check the regulation of crystal matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators by citrus bioflavonoids (CB) and Lemon peel (LP) extract in hyperoxaluric rats. The animals were divided into six groups with 6 animals each. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Urolithic (Ethylene glycol (EG)-0.75%); Group 3 & 5: Preventive study (EG + CB (20 mg/kg body weight) and LP (100 mg/kg body weight) extract administration from 0th-7th week) respectively; Group 4 & 6: Curative study (EG + CB and LP extract administration from 4th-7th week) respectively by oral administration. Urinary lithogenic factors (Calcium, oxalate, phosphate and citrate) were normalized in CB & LP supplemented rats, while serum parameters revealed the nephroprotective nature of the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats (p < 0.001). Immunoblotting studies showed significantly increased expression of THP, osteopontin and transferrin in kidneys of urolithic rats (p < 0.001), while preventive and curative study showed near normal expression of these proteins. Expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were raised significantly (p < 0.001), while a very minimal increase in MCP-1 expression was observed in urolithic rats compared to control. Hence, supplementation of CB and LP reduced the crystal promoting factors and provides protection from crystal induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogita Mehra
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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El Shoubaky GA, Abdel-Daim MM, Mansour MH, Salem EA. Isolation and Identification of a Flavone Apigenin from Marine Red Alga Acanthophora spicifera with Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:21-9. [PMID: 26917974 PMCID: PMC4760667 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical investigation of the red alga Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borgesen, collected from Al-Shoaiba coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, led to the isolation of a flavone from the algal tissue with acetone. Preparative chromatography on silica gel thin-layer chromatography was used for the separation of the flavone and eluted with the methanol:chloroform:ethyl acetate (1:7:2) solvent system. The physicochemical analyses infrared, mass spectra, and ultraviolet spectra in addition to shift reagents (NaOMe, NaOAc, NaOAc + H3BO3, AlCl3, and AlCl3 + HCl) were used for the identification and elucidation of the structure of the flavone compound (4,5,7-trihydroxy flavonoids). The flavone compound was identified as apigenin bycomparing its physicochemical data with those in the literature. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of apigenin were evaluated. Apigenin showed promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the hot plate test and writhing test in mice as well as tail-immersion tests and carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. It is concluded that apigenin possesses potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities, which might be due to the inhibition of PGE2 as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan A El Shoubaky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mansour
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Essam A Salem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Farmani F, Moein M, Amanzadeh A, Kandelous HM, Ehsanpour Z, Salimi M. Antiproliferative Evaluation and Apoptosis Induction in MCF-7 Cells by Ziziphus spina christi Leaf Extracts. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:315-21. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sridharan B, Michael ST, Arya R, Mohana Roopan S, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Beneficial effect of Citrus limon peel aqueous methanol extract on experimentally induced urolithic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:759-69. [PMID: 26452728 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1079724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. (Rutaceace) is a commonly available fruit variety with high medicinal and industrial values. OBJECTIVE Lemon peel (LP) extract was studied as a potent preventive and curative agent for experimentally induced hyperoxaluric rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses and toxicity study were performed for aqueous methanol LP extract. Twenty-four Wistar rats were segregated into four groups. Group 1: Control; Group 2: Urolithic (ethylene glycol (EG) - 0.75%); Group 3: Preventive study (EG + LP extract administration from 0th to 7th week); Group 4: Curative study (EG + LP extract administration from 4th to 7th week). Animals received LP extract daily by oral administration (100 mg/kg body weight) for 7 weeks. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION GC-MS analyses revealed that compound 6 was abundant in the LP extract (32%) followed by compound 1 (∼21%). The LD50 value of LP extract was found to be >5000 mg/kg of body weight. Urolithic rats showed significantly higher urinary calcium and oxalate (4.47 ± 0.44 and 18.86 ± 0.55 mg/24 h, respectively) excretion compared with control and experimental rats. Renal function parameters like urea (84 ± 8.5 and 96.1 ± 3.6 mg/dL), creatinine (1.92 ± 0.27 and 1.52 ± 0.22 mg/dL), and urinary protein (2.03 ± 0.02 and 2.13 ± 0.16 mg/24 h) were also reduced by LP extract (p < 0.001) and corroborated with tissue analyses (SOD, catalase, and MDA levels) and histological studies in normal and experimental animals. Immunohistochemical staining of THP and NF-κB in urolithic animals showed elevated expression than the control, while LP extract suppressed the expression of these proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, lemon peel is effective in curing kidney stone disease and also can be used to prevent the disease and its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- a Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Shiju T Michael
- a Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Ramachandran Arya
- a Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- b Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India , and
| | - Rajesh N Ganesh
- c Department of Pathology , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Dhanvantri Nagar , Puducherry , India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- a Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
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Zhao J, Ge LY, Xiong W, Leong F, Huang LQ, Li SP. Advanced development in phytochemicals analysis of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (2011-2014). J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:39-54. [PMID: 26385085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, we wrote a review for summarizing the phytochemical analysis (2006-2010) of medicine and food dual purposes plants used in China (Zhao et al., J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7453-7475). Since then, more than 750 articles related to their phytochemical analysis have been published. Therefore, an updated review for the advanced development (2011-2014) in this topic is necessary for well understanding the quality control and health beneficial phytochemicals in these materials, as well as their research trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Ya Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Wei Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Fong Leong
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Oikeh EI, Omoregie ES, Oviasogie FE, Oriakhi K. Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of different citrus juice concentrates. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 4:103-9. [PMID: 26788316 PMCID: PMC4708628 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobial compounds is ongoing. Its importance cannot be overemphasized in an era of emerging resistant pathogenic organisms. This study therefore investigated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different citrus juice concentrates. Fruit juices of Citrus tangerine (tangerine), Citrus paradisi (grape), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus aurantifolia (lime) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activities against five bacterial and three fungal strains were evaluated. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugars in all the juice concentrates. DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacities varied with tangerine and grape juices having better scavenging capacities than lemon and lime juices. Grape juice was observed to have a significantly higher (P < 0.05) ferric‐reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value (364.2 ± 10.25 μmol/L Fe(II)/g of the extract) than the reference antioxidant, ascorbic acid (312.88 ± 5.61 μmol/L). Antimicrobial studies revealed differential antimicrobial activities against different microbial strains. Zones of inhibition ranging from 4 to 26 mm were observed for the antibacterial tests with 0–24 mm for antifungal test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bacteriostatic concentrations (MBC) for concentrates against bacterial strains ranged from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL. Lemon and lime juice concentrates had lower MIC and MBC values with orange and tangerine having the highest values. Minimum fungicidal concentrations ranged from 50 to 200 μg/mL. The results of this study suggest that these juice concentrates may have beneficial antimicrobial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehigbai I Oikeh
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences University of Benin PMB 1154 Benin City Nigeria
| | - Ehimwenma S Omoregie
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences University of Benin PMB 1154 Benin City Nigeria
| | - Faith E Oviasogie
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Life Sciences University of Benin PMB 1154 Benin City Nigeria
| | - Kelly Oriakhi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Benin PMB 1154 Benin City Nigeria
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Sarrou E, Chatzopoulou P, Dimassi-Theriou K, Therios I, Koularmani A. Effect of melatonin, salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on leaf essential oil and other secondary metabolites of bitter orange young seedlings. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1064485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Kelts JL, Cali JJ, Duellman SJ, Shultz J. Altered cytotoxicity of ROS-inducing compounds by sodium pyruvate in cell culture medium depends on the location of ROS generation. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:269. [PMID: 26090316 PMCID: PMC4469600 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Induction of oxidative stress by drugs and other xenobiotics is an important mechanism of cytotoxicity. However, in vitro studies on the relationship between oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in cultured cells is frequently complicated by the fact that cell culture medium components affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposures in ways that vary with the mode of ROS production. The objectives of this study were to first determine the mode of ROS induction by certain model compounds when they are applied to cultured cells, and then to determine how ROS induction and cytotoxicity were affected by the ROS-quenching medium component pyruvate. Three compounds, eseroline, benserazide, and pyrogallol induced H2O2 in cell culture media independent of cells. However, another compound, menadione, induced H2O2 in a manner largely dependent on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells used in this study, which is consistent with its known mechanism of inducing ROS through intracellular redox cycling. 1 mM pyruvate, as well as catalase, reduced the H2O2 in culture wells with each ROS inducer tested but it only reduced the cytotoxicity of cell-independent inducers. It reduced the cytotoxicity of benserazide and pyrogallol >10-fold and of eseroline about 2.5-fold, but had no effect on menadione cytotoxicity. From this data, it was concluded that depending on the mechanism of ROS induction, whether intra- or extracellular, a ROS-quenching medium component such as pyruvate will differentially affect the net ROS-induction and cytotoxicity of a test compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Kelts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Michigan-Flint, 556 Murchie Science Building 303 E. Kearsley St., Flint, MI 48502 USA
| | - James J Cali
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Dr., Madison, WI 53711 USA
| | - Sarah J Duellman
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Dr., Madison, WI 53711 USA
| | - John Shultz
- Research and Development, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Dr., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Inhibitory Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Smilax glabra on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cell. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:602425. [PMID: 25821492 PMCID: PMC4363603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/602425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine in many countries. The present study focused on the active constituents from the rhizome of S. glabra, which possess potential anti-inflammatory activities. As a result, nine known compounds were isolated from the rhizome of S. glabra with the bioassay-guiding, and were identified as syringaresinol (1), lasiodiplodin (2), de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), syringic acid (4), 1,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol (5), lyoniresinol (6), trans-resveratrol (7), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester (8), and dihydrokaempferol (9). Among these compounds, 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from S. glabra. In addition, the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that 4 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects on NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed moderate suppression effects on induced NO production. 1, 7, and 5 exhibited high inhibitory effects on TNF-α production, with the IC50 values less than 2.3, 4.4, and 16.6 μM, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 were the potential anti-inflammatory active compositions of S. glabra.
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