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Ozdemir K, Hakan Barak T, Kurt Celep I, Savasan O, Demirci Kayıran S, Eroglu Ozkan E. Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Potential of an Astragalus Species (Astragalus kurdicus Boiss.). Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400699. [PMID: 38860322 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus kurdicus Boiss. roots are used in folk medicine for antidiabetic purposes. Different Astragalus plant metabolites have a notable potential for antidiabetic activity through varying mechanisms. Herein, this study is designed to assess the antidiabetic activity of Astragalus kurdicus total (AKM: methanol extract, yield: 14.53 %) and sub-extracts (AKB: n-butanol, AKC: chloroform, AKW: water, AKH: hexane extracts), utilizing a range of diabetes-related in vitro methodologies, and to investigate the chemical composition of the plant. The highest astragaloside and saponin content was seen in AKB extract. Among the measured saponins, the abundance of Astragaloside IV (27.41 μg/mg in AKM) was the highest in high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. Furthermore, flavonoid-rich AKC was found to be mostly responsible for the high antioxidant activity. According to the results of the activity tests, AKW was the most active extract in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), and α-amylase inhibition tests (percent inhibitions are: 87.17 %, 82.4 %, and 91.49 % respectively, at 1 mg/mL). AKM and AKW demonstrated the highest efficacy in stimulating the growth of prebiotic microorganisms and preventing the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Thus, for the first time, the antidiabetic activity of A. kurdicus was evaluated from various perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Ozdemir
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34116, Turkiye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Fırat University, Merkez, Elazig, 23200, Turkiye
| | - Timur Hakan Barak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Inci Kurt Celep
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Ozan Savasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Serpil Demirci Kayıran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Cukurova University, Merkez, Adana, 01330, Turkiye
| | - Esra Eroglu Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34116, Turkiye
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He Z, Liu X, Qin S, Yang Q, Na J, Xue Z, Zhong L. Anticancer Mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharide and Its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:636. [PMID: 38794206 PMCID: PMC11124422 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) derived from A. membranaceus plays a crucial role in traditional Chinese medicine. These polysaccharides have shown antitumor effects and are considered safe. Thus, they have become increasingly important in cancer immunotherapy. APS can limit the spread of cancer by influencing immune cells, promoting cell death, triggering cancer cell autophagy, and impacting the tumor microenvironment. When used in combination with other therapies, APS can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity and side effects. APS combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, relay cellular immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines have broadened the application of cancer immunotherapy and enhanced treatment effectiveness. By summarizing the research on APS in cancer immunotherapy over the past two decades, this review elaborates on the anticancer mechanism of APS and its use in cancer immunotherapy and clinical trials. Considering the multiple roles of APS, this review emphasizes the importance of using APS as an adjunct to cancer immunotherapy and compares other polysaccharides with APS. This discussion provides insights into the specific mechanism of action of APS, reveals the molecular targets of APS for developing effective clinical strategies, and highlights the wide application of APS in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Simin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Zhigang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Liping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.H.); (X.L.); (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Jiao B, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhang K, Cao X, Yu S, Zhang X. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B contributes to neuropathic pain by aggravating NF-κB and glial cells activation-mediated neuroinflammation via promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14609. [PMID: 38334011 PMCID: PMC10853896 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a prevalent and highly debilitating condition that impacts millions of individuals globally. Neuroinflammation is considered a key factor in the development of neuropathic pain. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the specific involvement of PTP1B in neuropathic pain remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine the impact of PTP1B on neuropathic pain and unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated. METHODS In the current study, we evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of male rats following spared nerve injury (SNI) to assess the presence of neuropathic pain. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy techniques were employed. RESULTS Our results showed that SNI significantly elevated PTP1B levels, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (BIP, p-PERK, p-IRE1α, and ATF6) and phosphorylated NF-κB in the spinal dorsal horn. SNI-induced mechanical allodynia was impaired by the treatment of intrathecal injection of PTP1B siRNA or PTP1B-IN-1, a specific inhibitor of PTP1B. Moreover, the intrathecal administration of PTP1B-IN-1 effectively suppressed the expression of ER stress markers (BIP, p-PERK/p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α, and ATF6), leading to the inhibition of NF-κB, microglia, and astrocytes activation, as well as a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. However, these effects were reversed by intrathecal administration of tunicamycin (Tm, an inducer of ER stress). Additionally, intrathecal administration of Tm in healthy rats resulted in the development of mechanical allodynia and the activation of NF-κB-mediated neuroinflammatory signaling. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of PTP1B induced by SNI facilitates the activation of NF-κB and glial cells via ER stress in the spinal dorsal horn. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting PTP1B could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Wencui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xueqin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shangchen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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Yue X, Hao W, Wang M, Fu Y. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF-1 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1071. [PMID: 38018587 PMCID: PMC10664394 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a major factor initiating type 2 diabetes mellitus and can lead to a reduction in glucose uptake that mainly occurs in the liver. Astragalus polysaccharide (APC), extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, has been recorded to suppress IR. However, the underlying mechanism remains inadequately explored. METHODS IR was induced in HepG2 cells which further underwent APC treatment. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay. Pretreatment with AG490, an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, was performed for investigating the influence of STAT5 on APC. Glucose uptake level was reflected by 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate content determined through colorimetric assay. Expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), phosphorylated-STAT5/STAT5, and p-protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT in the cells were assessed by Western blot. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect IGF-1 secretion in the cells. RESULTS APC at doses of 10 and 20 mg increased the viability of HepG2 cells with/without IR induction, and abrogated IR-induced inhibition of glucose intake. Meanwhile, APC (10 mg) offset IR-induced inhibition on the expressions of IGF-1R and IGF-1, the activation of AKT and STAT5, and the secretion of IGF-1 in HepG2 cells. More importantly, the reversal effect of APC on IR-induced alterations in HepG2 cells was counteracted by AG490. CONCLUSION APC ameliorates IR in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yue
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical CollegeHE UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangLiaoningChina
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Wang S, Peng Y, Zhuang Y, Wang N, Jin J, Zhan Z. Purification, Structural Analysis and Cardio-Protective Activity of Polysaccharides from Radix Astragali. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104167. [PMID: 37241906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two polysaccharides, named APS2-I and APS3-I, were purified from the water extract of Radix Astragali. The average molecular weight of APS2-I was 1.96 × 106 Da and composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Xyl, and Ara in a molar ratio of 2.3:4.8:1.7:14.0:5.8:11.7:2.8:12.6, while the average molecular weight of APS3-I was 3.91 × 106 Da and composed of Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara in a molar ratio of 0.8:2.3:0.8:2.3:4.1. Biological evaluation showed APS2-I and APS3-I had significant antioxidant activity and myocardial protection activity. Furthermore, total polysaccharide treatment could significantly enhance hemodynamic parameters and improve cardiac function in rat ischemia and reperfusion isolated heart models. These results provided important information for the clinical application of APS in the field of cardiovascular disease and implied that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) could be considered as a reference for the quality control of Radix Astragali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jianchang Jin
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhajun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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Tang Z, Huang G. Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113015. [PMID: 35468585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It is an immune promoter and regulator, and has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation and other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity and modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods of RAP had been introduced, and the separation and purification methods of RAP were reviewed, and the structure and activity of RAP were highly discussed. Current derivatization of RAP was outlined. Through the above discussion that the yield of crude polysaccharides from Radix astragali by enzyme-assisted extraction was significantly higher than that by other extraction methods, but each extraction method had different extraction effects under certain conditions, and the activity efficiency of RAP was also different. Therefore, it is particularly important to optimize the extraction method with known better yield for the study of RAP. In addition, the purification and separation of RAP are the key factors affecting the yield and activity of RAP. At the same time, there are still few studies on the derivatiration of Radix astragali polysaccharide, but the researches in this area are very important. RAP also has many important pharmacological effects on human body, but its practical application needs further study. Finally, studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP still need to be carried out by many scholars. This review would provide some help for further researches on various important applications of RAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Tang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Yue SJ, Wang WX, Zhang L, Liu J, Feng WW, Gao H, Tang YP, Yan D. Anti-obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides Combined with Berberine on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2021:10.1007/s11655-021-3303-z. [PMID: 34921647 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether astragalus polysaccharides (APS) combined with berberine (BBR) can reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. METHODS Except for normal mice, 32 HFD-induced obese mice were randomized into HFD, APS (1,000 mg/kg APS), BBR (200 mg/kg BBR), and APS plus BBR (1,000 mg/kg APS plus 200 mg/kg BBR) groups, respectively. After 6-week treatment (once daily by gavage), the obesity phenotype and pharmacodynamic effects were evaluated by histopathological examination of epididymal fat, liver, and colon using hematoxylin-eosin staining and serum biochemical analyses by an automated chemistry analyzer. The feces were collected at the 12 th week, and taxonomic and functional profiles of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) sequencing. RESULTS Compared with HFD group, the average body weight of APS plus BBR group was decreased (P<0.01), accompanied with the reduced fat accumulation, enhanced colonic integrity, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Importantly, APS combined with BBR treatment was more effective than APS or BBR alone in improving HFD-induced insulin resistance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 16S rRNA sequence-based analysis of fecal samples demonstrated that APS combined with BBR treatment exhibited a better impact on HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, exclusively via the enriched abundances of Bacteroides, which corresponded to the large increase of predicted bacterial genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSION APS combined with BBR may synergistically reduce obesity and modulate the gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wu-Wen Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Captical University, Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Mthembu SXH, Dludla PV, Madoroba E, Chellan N, Kappo AP, Muller CJF. Antimycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is consistent with impaired insulin signaling in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 76:105224. [PMID: 34302933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction are characteristic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a causal relationship between insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction has not been fully established in the skeletal muscle. Accordingly, we have evaluated the effect of antimycin A (AA), a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor, on mitochondrial bioenergetics and insulin signaling by exposing C2C12 skeletal muscle cells to its concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM for 12 h. Thereafter, metabolic activity, ROS production, glucose uptake, Seahorse XF Real-time ATP and Mito Stress assays were performed. Followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. This study confirmed that AA induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promote ROS production in C2C12 myotubes, culminating in a significant decrease in mitochondrial respiration and downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics (TFAM, UCP2, PGC1α). Increased pAMPK and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) confirmed a potential compensatory enhancement in glycolysis. Additionally, AA impaired insulin signaling (protein kinase B/AKT) and decreased insulin stimulated glucose uptake. This study confirmed that an adaptive relationship exists between mitochondrial functionality and insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle. Thus, therapeutics or interventions that improve mitochondrial function could ameliorate insulin resistance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, NorthWest University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Alshinnawy AS, El-Sayed WM, Sayed AA, Salem AM, Taha AM. Telomerase activator-65 and pomegranate peel improved the health status of the liver in aged rats; multi-targets involved. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:842-850. [PMID: 34630962 PMCID: PMC8487600 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56670.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of telomerase activator-65 (Ta-65) and pomegranate peel against aging-induced deteriorations in the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into four groups: control, aged, aged rats treated with Ta-65, and pomegranate orally for two months. RESULTS Aging significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, globulins, and protein carbonyl and reduced the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). It also elevated the hepatic malondialdehyde and decreased the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. Aging elevated the expression of thioredoxin reductase1, telomerase reverse transcriptase, and cytochrome 3a1 in the liver; it increased the p53 protein level and elevated the activity of caspase-3 in the liver indicating the occurrence of apoptosis. The architecture of the liver deteriorated in the aged rats, as shown by both light and electron microscopy examinations. The liver of the aged rats had many apoptotic hepatocytes with shrunken nuclei. Many hepatocytes had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, many lysosomes, and many fat droplets. Administration of Ta-65 and pomegranate to the aged rats normalized most of the previous biochemical parameters and improved the liver architecture. CONCLUSION Ta-65 and pomegranate have anti-aging activity through targeting multiple cellular pathways. It is also noteworthy that Ta-65 was superior to pomegranate in its alleviative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael Mohamed El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
| | - Ahmed AbdelAziz Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
- Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
| | - AlShaimaa Mohamed Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
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11
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Duan H, Zhao G, Liu L, Li Y. Flavonoids from Sophora alopecuroides L. improve palmitate-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting PTP1B activity in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 35:127775. [PMID: 33412152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen flavonoids (1-17) were isolated from Sophora alopecuroides L.. Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, and compounds 5, 8, 11, 12, and 17 were isolated from S. alopecuroides for the first time. The sources of compounds 1 and 2 were determined from the seeds of S. alopecuroides by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS, and compounds 1, 2, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 were proven to improve the insulin resistance of C2C12 myotubes and significantly increase glucose consumption levels. Among them, compounds 1, 2, 13, 14, 16, and 17 could bind to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), thereby significantly inhibiting the enzyme activity of PTP1B. Compound 2 had the strongest inhibitory effect, with an inhibition rate of 95.22% at 0.1 μg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qiqi Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hui Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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12
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Sahukari R, Punabaka J, Bhasha S, Ganjikunta VS, Ramudu SK, Kesireddy SR. Plant Compounds for the Treatment of Diabetes, a Metabolic Disorder: NF-κB as a Therapeutic Target. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4955-4969. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200730221035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The prevalence of diabetes in the world population hás reached 8.8 % and is expected to
rise to 10.4% by 2040. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of drugs against therapeutic targets to
sojourn its prevalence. Previous studies proved that NF-κB serves as a central agent in the development of diabetic
complications.
Objectives:
This review intended to list the natural plant compounds that would act as inhibitors of NF-κB signalling
in different organs under the diabetic condition with their possible mechanism of action.
Methods:
Information on NF-κB, diabetes, natural products, and relation in between them, was gathered from
scientific literature databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley online
library.
Results and Conclusion:
NF-κB plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications because of its
link in the expression of genes that are responsible for organs damage such as kidney, brain, eye, liver, heart,
muscle, endothelium, adipose tissue and pancreas by inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Activation of
PPAR-α, SIRT3/1, and FXR through many cascades by plant compounds such as terpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids,
alkaloids, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates, and phytocannabinoids recovers diabetic complications. These compounds
also exhibit the prevention of NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by inhibiting NF-κB activators, such
as VEGFR, RAGE and TLR4 receptors, which in turn, prevent the activation of many genes involved in tissue
damage. Current knowledge on the treatment of diabetes by targeting NF-κB is limited, so future studies would
enlighten accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sahukari
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Jyothi Punabaka
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Shanmugam Bhasha
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Venkata S. Ganjikunta
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Shanmugam K. Ramudu
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Sathyavelu R. Kesireddy
- Division of Molecular Biology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Park YJ, Kim JK, Park SU. Yeast extract improved biosynthesis of astragalosides in hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:467-474. [PMID: 33044115 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1830415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dried root of Astragalus membranaceus is a well-known herbal medicine, and it is useful in treating chronic diseases and weakness, as well as for improving overall health and vitality. Astragalosides, which are root quality indicators of A. membranaceus, are natural triterpenoid saponins that are used in the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, there is an urgent need to improve their production because of their low quantity in plants and the difficulty of chemical synthesis. In this study, yeast extract was added to facilitate elicitation in Agrobacterium-mediated hairy root cultures, thereby enhancing astragaloside production in A. membranaceus. Results showed that yeast extract could stimulate astragaloside content effectively in the hairy roots of A. membranaceus. Moreover, astragaloside accumulation was positively correlated with the upregulation of mevalonate biosynthetic gene expression in the presence of yeast extract. Our study demonstrated that pretreatment with yeast extract (3.65 mM) for 72 h serves as an effective strategy to enhance astragaloside levels in A. membranaceus hairy root cultures. Thus, these optimal conditions can provide valuable information for the improvement of astragaloside industrial production in A. membranaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Korea.,Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Korea
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14
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Isolation of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing effects from an Astragalus-induced immune antibody library. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107007. [PMID: 33182041 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS) can improve immunity and enhance treatment reactions. This study analyzed the effects of effective antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody production in mice treated with APS. After APS treatment, the serum of mice produced the antibody reactions that can cross-validate VEGF. The isolated single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies could neutralize VEGF and inhibit in vivo tumor growth. Of the scFvs, scFv 4E can significantly compete the interaction of bevacizumab with VEGF. In cell experiments, scFv 4E effectively inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by VEGF in vitro. In a matrix gel-assisted angiogenesis model, scFv 4E significantly inhibited angiogenesis reactions. In addition, in a xenograft model established in the colorectal cancer cell strain HCT116, scFv 4E treatment inhibited tumor growth by up to 52.7%. Finally, molecule docking was performed to simulate the complex interactions of scFv 4E and VEGF, the main driving forces of which involve the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds of Tyr108 and Tyr 109 of the complementarity-determining region H3 loop with VEGF. The results help in establishing antibody library with high diversity for selecting antibodies with specificity. In addition, this study indirectly expounded the correlations of APS enhancing immunity regulation in vivo.
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Astragalus membranaceus-Derived Anti-Programmed Death-1 Monoclonal Antibodies with Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effects against Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3415471. [PMID: 32190660 PMCID: PMC7073506 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3415471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) components are main ingredients of TCM and have proven efficacy to activate T cells and B cells, enhancing immunity in humans. In this study, elevated cytokine and anti-PD-1 antibody titers were found in mice after immunization with APS. Therefore, phage-display technology was utilized to isolate specific anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies from mice stimulated by APS and to confirm whether the isolated anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the interaction of PD-1 with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), resulting in tumor growth inhibition. The isolated single-chain fragment variable (scFv) S12 exhibited the highest binding affinity of 20 nM to PD-1, completed the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, and blocked the effect of PD-L1-induced T cell exhaustion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In the animal model, the tumor growth inhibition effect after scFv S12 treatment was approximately 48%. However, meaningful synergistic effects were not observed when scFv S12 was used as a cotreatment with ixabepilone. Moreover, this treatment caused a reduction in the number of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor tissue. These experimental results indirectly indicate the ability of APS to induce specific antibodies associated with the immune checkpoint system and the potential benefits for improving immunity in humans.
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16
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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17
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Yang S, Sun S, Xu W, Yu B, Wang G, Wang H. Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1819-1832. [PMID: 32319619 PMCID: PMC7057808 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves an important role in tumor migration and invasion. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), which is the main component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus, has been identified to display an antitumor effect. However, the effects and mechanisms of APS during breast cancer migration and invasion are not completely understood. The present study investigated whether APS inhibited breast cancer migration and invasion by modulating the EMT pathway. An MTT assay and a Ki67 immunofluorescence staining assay demonstrated that APS inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The results of the wound healing and Transwell Matrigel invasion assays suggested that APS decreased the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses further demonstrated that APS had a regulatory effect on EMT-related molecules. APS decreased the expression levels of Snail and vimentin, but increased E-cadherin expression. APS also downregulated Wnt1, β-catenin and downstream target expression. Additionally, the present results suggested that APS decreased the proliferation, and EMT-mediated migration and invasion of cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present study suggested that APS may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wanqun Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Bangxu Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guimei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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18
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Wulamu S, Yimamu H, Abuduwaili A, Mutailifu P, Maksimov VV, Gao YH, Yili A, Aisa HA. Determination of the Inhibitory Activity of Ferula sinkiangensis Polysaccharides for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Zhang R, Qin X, Zhang T, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhao J. Astragalus Polysaccharide Improves Insulin Sensitivity via AMPK Activation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:E2711. [PMID: 30347867 PMCID: PMC6222405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is an important bioactive component of Astragalus membranaceus which is used as an anti-diabetes herb in traditional Chinese medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of APS on insulin-sensitizing of adipocytes. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used as a model. The results showed that APS increased preadipocytes proliferation in a dose dependent manner, and 0.1 μg/mL APS sufficiently increased Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) content (p < 0.01). Moreover, APS enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation and mRNA expression of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, p < 0.01), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα, p < 0.01) and fatty acid binding protein (aP2, p < 0.01). As expected, corresponding protein contents were elevated. Importantly, APS increased 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, both mRNA and protein content of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) were elevated by APS (p < 0.01). The APS treatment enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1, p < 0.05) and phosphor-Akt content (p < 0.01). Besides, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) content was increased in the APS treated cells (p < 0.01). Taken together, APS improved insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake, possibly through AMPK activation. These results suggested that APS might be a therapeutic candidate for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Xuze Qin
- Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| | - Junxing Zhao
- Department of Animal Sciences and Veterinary medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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20
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Sermwittayawong D, Patninan K, Phothiphiphit S, Boonyarattanakalin S, Sermwittayawong N, Hutadilok-Towatana N. Purification, characterization, and biological activities of purified polysaccharides extracted from the gray oyster mushroom [Pleurotus sajor-caju
(Fr.) Sing.]. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Decha Sermwittayawong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Kulwanit Patninan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Somruthai Phothiphiphit
- Schoolof Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology; Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University; Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Siwarutt Boonyarattanakalin
- Schoolof Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology; Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University; Pathum Thani Thailand
| | | | - Nongporn Hutadilok-Towatana
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
- College of Oriental Medicine; Rangsit University; Pathum Thani Thailand
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21
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Liao J, Li C, Huang J, Liu W, Chen H, Liao S, Chen H, Rui W. Structure Characterization of Honey-Processed Astragalus Polysaccharides and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:E168. [PMID: 29342936 PMCID: PMC6017495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey-processed Astragalus is a dosage form of Radix Astragalus mixed with honey by a traditional Chinese medicine processing method which strengthens the tonic effect. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), perform its immunomodulatory effects by relying on the tonic effect of Radix Astragalus, therefore, the improved pharmacological activity of honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharide (HAPS) might be due to structural changes during processing. The molecular weights of HAPS and APS were 1,695,788 Da, 2,047,756 Da, respectively, as determined by high performance gel filtration chromatography combined with evaporative light scattering detection (HPGFC-ELSD). The monosaccharide composition was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatogram quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) after pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The results showed that the essential components were mannose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose, is molar ratios of 0.06:28.34:0.58:0.24:0.33:0.21 and 0.27:12.83:1.63:0.71:1.04:0.56, respectively. FT-IR and NMR analysis of HAPS results showed the presence of uronic acid and acetyl groups. The anti-inflammatory activities of HAPS were more effective than those of APS according to the NO contents and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-22 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. This findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and bioactivity improvement might be associated with molecular structure changes, bearing on the potential immunomodulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Liao
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chanyi Li
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wuping Liu
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongce Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shuangye Liao
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wen Rui
- Centre Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Astragalus membranaceus-Polysaccharides Ameliorates Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis, Neuroinflammation and Cognition Impairment without Affecting Amyloid Deposition in Metabolically Stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122746. [PMID: 29258283 PMCID: PMC5751345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening the host defense system. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides is an effective component with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. In the present study, we determine the effects of Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides on metabolically stressed transgenic mice in order to develop this macromolecules for treatment of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease with metabolic risk factors. Transgenic mice, at 10 weeks old prior to the appearance of senile plaques, were treated in combination of administrating high-fat diet and injecting low-dose streptozotocin to create the metabolically stressed mice model. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides was administrated starting at 14 weeks for 7 weeks. We found that Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides reduced metabolic stress-induced increase of body weight, insulin and insulin and leptin level, insulin resistance, and hepatic triglyceride. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides also ameliorated metabolic stress-exacerbated oral glucose intolerance, although the fasting blood glucose was only temporally reduced. In brain, metabolic stress-elicited astrogliosis and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques was also diminished by Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides administration. The plaque deposition, however, was not significantly affected by Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides administration. These findings suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides may be used to ameliorate metabolic stress-induced diabesity and the subsequent neuroinflammation, which improved the behavior performance in metabolically stressed transgenic mice.
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Huang CN, Wang CJ, Lin CL, Lin HT, Peng CH. The nutraceutical benefits of subfractions of Abelmoschus esculentus in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189065. [PMID: 29216237 PMCID: PMC5720626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (AE), a commonly consumed vegetable, is well-known for its anti-hyperglycemic effects. However, few scientific reports have identified its targets because mucilage increases the difficulty of manipulation. We recently reported extraction steps to obtain subfractions of AE, which were found to attenuate the adverse effects of high glucose and fatty acid in vitro. In this study, we used modified extraction steps and type 2 diabetic rats to explore whether AE subfractions can improve the metabolic disturbances caused by insulin resistance in vivo. AE subfractions (F1, F2, and FR) were prepared. The type 2 diabetes model was induced by feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats with a high-fat diet and injecting them with 35 mg/kgbw streptozotocin when their body weight reached 475 ± 15 g. After a hyperglycemic status had been confirmed, the rats were tube-fed with or without different doses of AE subfractions. Serum glucose, lipid markers, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were measured in the following 12 weeks. Serum glucose promptly increased and insulin resistance was noted in the diabetic rats (glucose: 360–500 mg/dl, HOMA-IR 9.8–13.8). F2, rich in polysaccharides and carbohydrates, was most effective in attenuating hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (glucose: 200 mg/dl; HOMA-IR: 5.3) and especially HbA1C (from 8.0% to 6.5%). All of the AE subfractions lowered the level of triglycerides and free fatty acid, but not the level of total cholesterol. FR significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein ratio, indicating its benefits for lipoprotein profiles. While F2 and FR were associated with weight gain, F1 possessed an anti-obese effect. In conclusion, whether it is consumed as a vegetable or as a nutraceutical, AE has the potential to be an adjuvant therapy for diabetes. AE subfractions could be developed individually and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Huei Peng
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Zhu J, Shen L, Lin X, Hong Y, Feng Y. Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds and their preparations for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:854-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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25
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Yue SJ, Liu J, Feng WW, Zhang FL, Chen JX, Xin LT, Peng C, Guan HS, Wang CY, Yan D. System Pharmacology-Based Dissection of the Synergistic Mechanism of Huangqi and Huanglian for Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:694. [PMID: 29051733 PMCID: PMC5633780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major global public health issue. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of the treatment of DM with good efficacy. Huangqi and Huanglian are one of the most frequently prescribed herbs for DM, and the combination of them occurs frequently in antidiabetic formulae. However, the synergistic mechanism of Huangqi (Radix Astragali) and Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) has not been clearly elucidated. To address this problem, a feasible system pharmacology model based on chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacological data was developed via network construction approach to clarify the synergistic mechanisms of these two herbs. Forty-three active ingredients of Huangqi (mainly astragalosides and isoflavonoids) and Huanglian (primarily isoquinoline alkaloids) possessing favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and biological activities were selected, interacting with 50 DM-related targets to provide potential synergistic therapeutic actions. Systematic analysis of the constructed networks revealed that these targets such as GLUT2, NOS2, PTP1B, and IGF1R were mainly involved in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, insulin resistance, insulin signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway, and were mainly located in retina, pancreatic islet, smooth muscle, immunity-related organ tissues, and whole blood. The contribution index of every active ingredient also indicated five compounds, including berberine (BBR), astragaloside IV (AIV), quercetin, palmatine, and astragalus polysaccharides, as the principal components of this herb combination. These results successfully explained the polypharmcological and synergistic mechanisms underlying the efficiency of Huangqi and Huanglian for the treatment of DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu-Wen Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei-Long Zhang
- Information Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- Information Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee JS, Park JM, Lee S, Lee HJ, Yang HS, Yeo J, Lee KR, Choi BH, Hong EK. Hispidin rescues palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4229-4234. [PMID: 28731188 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle serves an important role in the utilization of glucose during insulin‑stimulated conditions. Excessive saturated fatty acids are considered to be a major contributing factor to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. The present study investigated the effects of hispidin on palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes via an MTT assay, glucose uptake assay, Oil‑Red‑O staining and western blot analysis. Hispidin reversed the palmitate‑induced inhibition of glucose uptake, and inhibited palmitate‑induced intracellular lipid accumulation. Hispidin suppressed insulin receptor substrate‑1 Ser307 phosphorylation, and significantly promoted the activation of phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase and Akt, via inhibition of protein kinase C theta. Furthermore, hispidin treatment of C2C12 muscle cells increased glucose uptake via activation of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase. These findings indicated that hispidin may improve palmitate‑induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle myotubes, and therefore hispidin treatment may be beneficial for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Myoung Park
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Yang
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Yeo
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Rim Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Choi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eock Kee Hong
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Wang PC, Zhao S, Yang BY, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Anti-diabetic polysaccharides from natural sources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:86-97. [PMID: 27185119 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease attracted worldwide concerns, which severely impairs peoples' quality of life and is attributed to several life-threatening complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy and retinopathy. The current therapies for DM include mainly oral anti-diabetic drugs and insulin. However, continuous use of these causes insulin resistance and side-effects, and the demand of effective, nontoxic and affordable drugs for DM patients is eager. Several previous studies have shown that non-toxic biological macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides, possess prominent efficacies on DM. Based on these encouraging observations, a great deal of efforts have been focused on discovering anti-diabetic polysaccharides for the development of effective therapeutics for DM. This review focuses on the advancements in the anti-diabetic efficacy of various natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes from 2010 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Peng J, Yuan Y, Du Y, Wu J, Li B, Li J, Yu J, Hu L, Shen S, Wang J, Zhu R. Potentiation of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on the immune response and protection elicited by a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit in pigs. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:83-92. [PMID: 26828953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yijun Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Baoquan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Shandong Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan, China.
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.
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Peng J, Yuan Y, Shen S, Niu Z, Du Y, Wu J, Li J, Yu J, Wang T, Wang J. Immunopotentiation of four natural adjuvants co-administered with a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit. Virus Genes 2016; 52:261-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Saifudin A, Usia T, AbLallo S, Morita H, Tanaka K, Tezuka Y. Potent water extracts of Indonesian medicinal plants against PTP1B. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Mazibuko SE, Joubert E, Johnson R, Louw J, Opoku AR, Muller CJF. Aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2199-208. [PMID: 26310822 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Saturated-free fatty acids, such as palmitate, are associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to establish if an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract (GRE) and, its major flavanoid, aspalathin (ASP) could contribute significantly to the amelioration of experimentally induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured in DMEM containing 0.75 mM palmitate for 16 h to induce insulin resistance before treatment for 3 h with GRE (10 μg/mL) or ASP (10 μM). GRE and ASP reversed the palmitate-induced insulin resistance. At a protein level GRE and ASP suppressed nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), insulin receptor substrate one (serine 307) (IRS1 (Ser (307) )) and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and increased serine/threonine kinase AKT (AKT) activation, while only GRE increased glucose transporter four (Glut4) protein expression. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα and γ), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase one (CPT1) expression were increased by ASP alone. CONCLUSION Together these effects offer a plausible explanation for the ameliorative effect of GRE and ASP on insulin-resistance, an underlying cause for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E Mazibuko
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Andrew R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Qizhi Jiangtang Jiaonang Improves Insulin Signaling and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Insulin Resistant HepG2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:518639. [PMID: 26074994 PMCID: PMC4436462 DOI: 10.1155/2015/518639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Qizhi Jiangtang Jiaonang (QJJ), on insulin resistance (IR) in vitro. After an in vitro model of IR was established by treating human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) with palmitic acid, the cells were then treated with various concentrations of QJJ. Treatment with 400 µM palmitic acid for 24 h induced IR in HepG2 cells. The survival rate for HepG2 cells in the IR group was significantly lower than that of the untreated control group (P < 0.001); however, QJJ restored HepG2 cell survival (P < 0.001). As compared with HepG2 cells in the IR group, QJJ at all doses analyzed significantly increased glucose consumption (all P < 0.05). Moreover, treatment with all the QJJ doses significantly reduced the mean intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as compared with the IR group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, high-dose QJJ reduced both TNF-α and IL-6 levels as compared to the IR group (all P < 0.05). QJJ ameliorated the altered PI3K, GLUT4, and RAGE expression observed with IR. In conclusion, QJJ can improve IR in HepG2 cells, which may be mediated through the IRS-1/PI3K/GLUT4 signaling pathway as well as regulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Mu Q, Liu P, Hu X, Gao H, Zheng X, Huang H. Neuroprotective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1621-7. [PMID: 25368650 PMCID: PMC4211205 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various treatment methods for stroke, increasing attention has been paid to traditional Chinese medicines. Buyang Huanwu decoction is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke. This paper summarizes the active components of the Chinese herb, which is composed of Huangqi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Danggui (Radix Angelica sinensis), Chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Honghua (Flos Carthami), Taoren (Semen Persicae) and Dilong (Pheretima), and identifies the therapeutic targets and underlying mechanisms that contribute to the neuroprotective properties of Buyang Huanwu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Mu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China ; Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xitong Hu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Liu H, Bai J, Weng X, Wang T, Li M. Amelioration of insulin resistance in rat cells by Astragalus polysaccharides and associated mechanisms. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1599-1604. [PMID: 24926351 PMCID: PMC4043571 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the function of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR) in rat cells and to elucidate the associated mechanisms. Fully differentiated, induced 3T3-L1 rat adipocytes were divided into a control group and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were incubated in media containing 0.001, 0.1 and 10 μg/μl APS, respectively, for 48 h. Following treatment, levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and adiponectin secreted by the cultured adipocytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of adiponectin secreted by the 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the moderate-concentration intervention group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05), whereas levels of adiponectin secreted by the 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the low- and high-concentration intervention groups were decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05 and P>0.05, respectively). Levels of IL-6 secreted by the 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the three intervention groups were lower than those in the control group (P>0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.05 for the low- moderate- and high-concentration intervention groups, respectively), and demonstrated APS dose-dependence. The results indicate that APS are capable of increasing adiponectin secretion and reducing IL-6 secretion by 3T3-L1 rat adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. These findings may identify a potential mechanism for ameliorating IR using APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianjin Prevention and Treatment Center of Occupational Diseases, Tianjin 300011, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xinxing Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianjin Prevention and Treatment Center of Occupational Diseases, Tianjin 300011, P.R. China
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Dashtdar M, Dashtdar MR, Dashtdar B, Khan SA. Role of Glyco-Persica® in Targeting Diabetes Type 2: an Integrative Approach. J Pharmacopuncture 2013; 16:14-21. [PMID: 25780678 PMCID: PMC4331974 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2013.16.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine how an integrated approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment could improve glycemic control and immune-potentiating activities adherent to oral hypoglycemic agents along with a botanical compound, among primary care patients. Methods: In this study, we used the self-control and the group-control methods. Candidates meeting the trial conditions were selected from among volunteers who had taken the test substance for 45 days. During the trial, all groups were on a controlled diet; neither were the original medications nor their dosages changed. Results: The results showed that the botanical compound (Glyco-Persica®) significantly reduced the main clinical symptoms in diabetes type 2. In the treatment group, 36 of 52 patients (69.23%) and in the control group 10 of 52 patients (19.23%) showed reduced symptoms, and this difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The fasting blood sugar in the treatment group after treatment compared with that before treatment and with that in the control group after treatment was statistically different (P< 0.05). The post-prandial glucose in the treatment group after treatment was significantly different from that before treatment and from that in the control group after treatment (P< 0.05); the post-prandial blood sugar in the treatment group was reduced by 8.98%. Conclusions: The results revealed that the botanical compound (Glyco-Persica®) has significant hypoglycemic properties which affect main clinical symptoms in diabetes type 2. Body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, routine blood, stool and urine tests showed no meaningful negative changes after the course of treatment. There was no significant adverse reaction during the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Dashtdar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- * Corresponding Author Mehrab Dashtdar. Department of Integrative Medicine, Dubai Pharmacy College, United Arab Emirates, P.O. Box 34395. Bur Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Tel: +971505441420 Fax: +9714 2646025 E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Dashtdar
- Emergency Department, International Modern Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Babak Dashtdar
- Department of General Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Astragalus polysaccharide suppresses skeletal muscle myostatin expression in diabetes: involvement of ROS-ERK and NF-κB pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:782497. [PMID: 24454989 PMCID: PMC3880770 DOI: 10.1155/2013/782497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The antidiabetes drug astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is capable of increasing insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and improving whole-body glucose homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that skeletal muscle secreted growth factor myostatin plays an important role in regulating insulin signaling and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that regulation of skeletal muscle myostatin expression may be involved in the improvement of insulin sensitivity by APS. Methods. APS was administered to 13-week-old diabetic KKAy and nondiabetic C57BL/6J mice for 8 weeks. Complementary studies examined APS effects on the saturated acid palmitate-induced insulin resistance and myostatin expression in C2C12 cells. Results. APS treatment ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance and decreased the elevation of myostatin expression and malondialdehyde production in skeletal muscle of noninsulin-dependent diabetic KKAy mice. In C2C12 cells in vitro, saturated acid palmitate-induced impaired glucose uptake, overproduction of ROS, activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and NF-κB were partially restored by APS treatment. The protective effects of APS were mimicked by ERK and NF-κB inhibitors, respectively. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates elevated myostatin expression in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic KKAy mice and in cultured C2C12 cells exposed to palmitate. APS is capable of improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing myostatin expression in skeletal muscle through downregulating ROS-ERK-NF-κB pathway.
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Structural features and biological activities of the polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 64:257-66. [PMID: 24325861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate and investigate novel bioactive components with health benefit effects from natural resources. The dried root of Astragalus membranaceus, one of the most popular health-promoting herbal medicines, has been used historically as an immunomodulating agent for the treatment of common cold, diarrhea, fatigue and anorexia for more than 2000 years. Modern phytochemistry and pharmacological experiments have proved that polysaccharide is one of the major active ingredients in the root of A. membranaceus with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-diabetes, antiviral, hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, hematopoiesis and neuroprotection. The aim of the present review is to summarize previous and current references and give a comprehensive summary regarding the structural features and biological activities of A. membranaceus polysaccharides in order to provide new insight for further development of these macromolecules.
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Taheripak G, Bakhtiyari S, Rajabibazl M, Pasalar P, Meshkani R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition ameliorates palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1435-1446. [PMID: 24120971 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway and is considered a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes. However, the role of PTP1B in palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells has not been studied. Here we investigate the effects of PTP1B modulation on mitochondrial function and apoptosis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in skeletal muscle cells. PTP1B inhibition significantly reduced palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in C2C12 cells, as these cells had increased expression levels of PGC-1α, Tfam, and NRF-1; enhanced ATP level and cellular viability; decreased TUNEL-positive cells; and decreased caspase-3 and -9 activity. Alternatively, overexpression of PTP1B resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in these cells. PTP1B silencing improved mitochondrial dysfunction by an increase in the expression of SIRT1 and a reduction in the phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB. The protection from palmitate-induced apoptosis by PTP1B inhibition was also accompanied by a decrease in protein level of serine palmitoyl transferase, thus resulting in lower ceramide content in muscle cells. Exogenous addition of C2-ceramide to PTP1B-knockdown cells led to a reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas PTP1B overexpression demonstrated an elevated ROS production in myotubes. In addition, PTP1B inhibition was accompanied by decreased JNK phosphorylation and increased insulin-stimulated Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of PTP1B had the opposite effect. The overexpression of PTP1B also induced the nuclear localization of FOXO-1, but in contrast, suppression of PTP1B reduced palmitate-induced nuclear localization of FOXO-1. In summary, our results indicate that PTP1B modulation results in (1) alterations in mitochondrial function by changes in the activity of SIRT1/NF-κB/PGC-1α pathways and (2) changes in apoptosis that result from either a direct effect of PTP1B on the insulin signaling pathway or an indirect influence on ceramide content, ROS generation, JNK activation, and FOXO-1 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran.
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Panzhinskiy E, Ren J, Nair S. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and insulin resistance: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress/reactive oxygen species/nuclear factor kappa B axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77228. [PMID: 24204775 PMCID: PMC3799617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been proposed as an important pathway in the development of insulin resistance. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of insulin signaling and is tethered to the ER-membrane. The aim of the study was to determine the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between ER-stress and PTP1B. PTP1B whole body knockout and C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a high-fat or normal chow-diet for 20 weeks. High-fat diet feeding induced body weight gain, increased adiposity, systemic glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis were attenuated by PTP1B deletion. High-fat diet- fed PTP1B knockout mice also exhibited improved glucose uptake measured using [(3)H]-2-deoxy-glucose incorporation assay and Akt phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle tissue, compared to their wild-type control mice which received similar diet. High-fat diet-induced upregulation of glucose-regulated protein-78, phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-2 were significantly attenuated in the PTP1B knockout mice. Mice lacking PTP1B showed decreased expression of the autophagy related protein p62 and the unfolded protein response adaptor protein NCK1 (non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase). Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with the ER-stressor tunicamycin resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the activation of protein expression of PTP1B. Furthermore, tunicamycin-induced ROS production activated nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 and was required for ER stress-mediated expression of PTP1B. Our data suggest that PTP1B is induced by ER stress via the activation of the ROS-NFκB axis which is causes unfolded protein response and mediates insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle under obese condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- School of Pharmacy & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- School of Pharmacy & Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
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Chang CLT, Lin Y, Bartolome AP, Chen YC, Chiu SC, Yang WC. Herbal therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: chemistry, biology, and potential application of selected plants and compounds. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:378657. [PMID: 23662132 PMCID: PMC3638592 DOI: 10.1155/2013/378657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been recognized since antiquity. It currently affects as many as 285 million people worldwide and results in heavy personal and national economic burdens. Considerable progress has been made in orthodox antidiabetic drugs. However, new remedies are still in great demand because of the limited efficacy and undesirable side effects of current orthodox drugs. Nature is an extraordinary source of antidiabetic medicines. To date, more than 1200 flowering plants have been claimed to have antidiabetic properties. Among them, one-third have been scientifically studied and documented in around 460 publications. In this review, we select and discuss blood glucose-lowering medicinal herbs that have the ability to modulate one or more of the pathways that regulate insulin resistance, β-cell function, GLP-1 homeostasis, and glucose (re)absorption. Emphasis is placed on phytochemistry, anti-diabetic bioactivities, and likely mechanism(s). Recent progress in the understanding of the biological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of compounds and extracts of plant origin in type 2 diabetes is summarized. This review provides a source of up-to-date information for further basic and clinical research into herbal therapy for type 2 diabetes. Emerging views on therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero L. T. Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yenshou Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Arlene P. Bartolome
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1100, Philippines
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Chang CLT, Lin Y, Bartolome AP, Chen YC, Chiu SC, Yang WC. Herbal therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: chemistry, biology, and potential application of selected plants and compounds. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 5:22-9. [PMID: 23598921 PMCID: PMC3579016 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus, becoming the third killer of mankind after cancer and cardiovascular diseases, is one of the most challenging diseases facing health care professionals today. That is why; there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for diabetes, especially those derived from plants. Aim: To evaluate the anti-diabetic activity together with the accompanying biological effects of the fractions and the new natural compounds of Hyphaene thebaica (HT) epicarp. Materials and Methods: 500 g of coarsely powdered of (HT) fruits epicarp were extracted by acetone. The acetone crude extract was fractionated with methanol and ethyl acetate leaving a residual water-soluble fraction WF. The anti-diabetic effects of the WF and one of its compounds of the acetone extract of the (HT) epicarp were investigated in this study using 40 adult male rats. Results: Phytochemical investigation of active WF revealed the presence of ten different flavonoids, among which two new natural compounds luteolin 7-O-[6”-O-α-Lrhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside 3 and chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinofuranoside 5 were isolated. Supplementation of the WF improved glucose and insulin tolerance and significantly lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels. On the other hand, compound 5 significantly reduced AST and ALT levels of liver, respectively. Likewise, the kidney functions were improved for both WF and compound 5, whereby both urea and creatinine levels in serum were highly significant Conclusion: The results justify the use of WF and compound 5 of the (HT) epicarp as anti-diabetic agent, taking into consideration that the contents of WF were mainly flavonoids
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero L T Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Acipimox attenuates atherosclerosis and enhances plaque stability in ApoE-deficient mice fed a palmitate-rich diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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