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Wang Y, Zhou H, He Y, Shen X, Lin S, Huang L. MYB transcription factors and their roles in the male reproductive development of flowering plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111811. [PMID: 37574139 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest transcription factor families with complex functional differentiation in plants, the MYB transcription factors (MYB TFs) play important roles in the physiological and biochemical processes of plant growth and development. Male reproductive development, an essential part of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, is undoubtedly regulated by MYB TFs. In this review, we summarize the roles of the MYB TFs involved in the three stages of male reproductive development: pollen grains formation and maturation, filament elongation and anther dehiscence, and fertilization. Also, the potential downstream target genes and upstream regulators of these MYB TFs are discussed. Furthermore, we propose the underlying regulatory mechanisms of these MYB TFs: (1) A complex network of MYB TFs regulates various aspects of male reproductive development; (2) MYB homologous genes in different species may be functionally conserved or differentiated; (3) MYB TFs often form regulatory complexes with bHLH TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanrong He
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiuping Shen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
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2
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Qin H, King GJ, Borpatragohain P, Zou J. Developing multifunctional crops by engineering Brassicaceae glucosinolate pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100565. [PMID: 36823985 PMCID: PMC10363516 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), found mainly in species of the Brassicaceae family, are one of the most well-studied classes of secondary metabolites. Produced by the action of myrosinase on GSLs, GSL-derived hydrolysis products (GHPs) primarily defend against biotic stress in planta. They also significantly affect the quality of crop products, with a subset of GHPs contributing unique food flavors and multiple therapeutic benefits or causing disagreeable food odors and health risks. Here, we explore the potential of these bioactive functions, which could be exploited for future sustainable agriculture. We first summarize our accumulated understanding of GSL diversity and distribution across representative Brassicaceae species. We then systematically discuss and evaluate the potential of exploited and unutilized genes involved in GSL biosynthesis, transport, and hydrolysis as candidate GSL engineering targets. Benefiting from available information on GSL and GHP functions, we explore options for multifunctional Brassicaceae crop ideotypes to meet future demand for food diversification and sustainable crop production. An integrated roadmap is subsequently proposed to guide ideotype development, in which maximization of beneficial effects and minimization of detrimental effects of GHPs could be combined and associated with various end uses. Based on several use-case examples, we discuss advantages and limitations of available biotechnological approaches that may contribute to effective deployment and could provide novel insights for optimization of future GSL engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Reduced glucosinolate content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by random mutagenesis of BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2344. [PMID: 36759657 PMCID: PMC9911628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of anti-nutritive compounds like glucosinolates (GSLs) in the rapeseed meal severely restricts its utilization as animal feed. Therefore, reducing the GSL content to < 18 µmol/g dry weight in the seeds is a major breeding target. While candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of GSLs have been described in rapeseed, comprehensive functional analyses are missing. By knocking out the aliphatic GSL biosynthesis genes BnMYB28 and BnCYP79F1 encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor and a cytochrome P450 enzyme, respectively, we aimed to reduce the seed GSL content in rapeseed. After expression analyses on single paralogs, we used an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treated population of the inbred winter rapeseed 'Express617' to detect functional mutations in the two gene families. Our results provide the first functional analysis by knock-out for the two GSL biosynthesis genes in winter rapeseed. We demonstrate that independent knock-out mutants of the two genes possessed significantly reduced seed aliphatic GSLs, primarily progoitrin. Compared to the wildtype Express617 control plants (36.3 µmol/g DW), progoitrin levels were decreased by 55.3% and 32.4% in functional mutants of BnMYB28 (16.20 µmol/g DW) and BnCYP79F1 (24.5 µmol/g DW), respectively. Our study provides a strong basis for breeding rapeseed with improved meal quality in the future.
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Tang Y, Zhang G, Jiang X, Shen S, Guan M, Tang Y, Sun F, Hu R, Chen S, Zhao H, Li J, Lu K, Yin N, Qu C. Genome-Wide Association Study of Glucosinolate Metabolites (mGWAS) in Brassica napus L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030639. [PMID: 36771722 PMCID: PMC9921834 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that are enriched in rapeseed and related Brassica species, and they play important roles in defense due to their anti-nutritive and toxic properties. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study of six glucosinolate metabolites (mGWAS) in rapeseed, including three aliphatic glucosinolates (m145 gluconapin, m150 glucobrassicanapin and m151 progoitrin), one aromatic glucosinolate (m157 gluconasturtiin) and two indole glucosinolates (m165 indolylmethyl glucosinolate and m172 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin), respectively. We identified 113 candidate intervals significantly associated with these six glucosinolate metabolites. In the genomic regions linked to the mGWAS peaks, 187 candidate genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis (e.g., BnaMAM1, BnaGGP1, BnaSUR1 and BnaMYB51) and novel genes (e.g., BnaMYB44, BnaERF025, BnaE2FC, BnaNAC102 and BnaDREB1D) were predicted based on the mGWAS, combined with analysis of differentially expressed genes. Our results provide insight into the genetic basis of glucosinolate biosynthesis in rapeseed and should facilitate marker-based breeding for improved seed quality in Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shulin Shen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingwei Guan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fujun Sun
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Si Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nengwen Yin
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Affiliation Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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BocODD1 and BocODD2 Regulate the Biosynthesis of Progoitrin Glucosinolate in Chinese Kale. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314781. [PMID: 36499110 PMCID: PMC9739482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progoitrin (2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate, PRO) is the main source of bitterness of Brassica plants. Research on the biosynthesis of PRO glucosinolate can aid the understanding of the nutritional value in Brassica plants. In this study, four ODD genes likely involved in PRO biosynthesis were cloned from Chinese kale. These four genes, designated as BocODD1-4, shared 75-82% similarities with the ODD sequence of Arabidopsis. The sequences of these four BocODDs were analyzed, and BocODD1 and BocODD2 were chosen for further study. The gene BocODD1,2 showed the highest expression levels in the roots, followed by the leaves, flowers, and stems, which is in accordance with the trend of the PRO content in the same tissues. Both the expression levels of BocODD1,2 and the content of PRO were significantly induced by high- and low-temperature treatments. The function of BocODDs involved in PRO biosynthesis was identified. Compared with the wild type, the content of PRO was increased twofold in the over-expressing BocODD1 or BocODD2 plants. Meanwhile, the content of PRO was decreased in the BocODD1 or BocODD2 RNAi lines more than twofold compared to the wildtype plants. These results suggested that BocODD1 and BocODD2 may play important roles in the biosynthesis of PRO glucosinolate in Chinese kale.
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Zhou P, Chen M. Exploration of the Mechanisms of Differential Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Dedifferentiated and Cambial Meristematic Cells of Catharanthus roseus Using Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:867064. [PMID: 35873460 PMCID: PMC9305860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.867064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) of high medicinal importance. The current research focuses on finding an efficient production system such as cell suspension cultures for high TIA concentrations. Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) offer multiple advantages over dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) regarding growth, homogeneity, and shear resistance. Our lab has established a CMC culture system induced by C. roseus cambium. We determined the concentrations of TIAs in CMCs and DDCs. CMCs produced significantly higher concentrations of total alkaloids, vindoline, vinblastine, catharanthine, and ajmalicine as compared to DDCs. We then performed Illumina HiSeq transcriptome sequencing of CMCs and DDCs and explored the differential transcriptomic signatures. Of the 96,004 unigenes, 9,564 were differentially expressed between the 2 cell suspension types. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in 137 KEGG pathways. Most importantly, genes from the indole alkaloid biosynthesis and the upstream pathways i.e., tryptophan metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis showed differential transcriptomic signatures. Remarkably, the expression of genes associated with plant hormone biosynthesis, signaling, and MAPK signaling pathways was relatable to the different TIA concentrations in CMCs and DDCs. These results put forward multiple target genes, transcription factors, and regulators to develop a large-scale TIA production system using C. roseus CMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Zhou,
| | - Mingxiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Wang J, Mao S, Liang M, Zhang W, Chen F, Huang K, Wu Q. Preharvest Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Increased Glucosinolate Biosynthesis, Sulforaphane Accumulation, and Antioxidant Activity of Broccoli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071298. [PMID: 35883789 PMCID: PMC9312100 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli is becoming increasingly popular among consumers owing to its nutritional value and rich bioactive compounds, such glucosinolates (GSLs) and hydrolysis products, which are secondary metabolites for plant defense, cancer prevention, and higher antioxidant activity for humans. In this study, 40 μmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was sprayed onto broccoli from budding until harvest. The harvested broccoli florets, stem, and leaves were used to measure the contents of GSLs, sulforaphane, total phenolics, and flavonoids, as well as myrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, and gene expression involved in GSL biosynthesis. The overall results revealed that GSL biosynthesis and sulforaphane accumulation were most likely induced by exogenous MeJA treatment by upregulating the expression of CYP83A1, SUR1, UGT74B1, and SOT18 genes. Exogenous MeJA treatment more remarkably contributed to the increased GSL biosynthesis in broccoli cultivars with low-level GSL content (Yanxiu) than that with high-level GSLs (Xianglv No.3). Moreover, MeJA treatment had a more remarkable increasing effect in broccoli florets than stem and leaves. Interestingly, total flavonoid content substantially increased in broccoli florets after MeJA treatment, but total phenolics did not. Similarly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were higher in broccoli floret after MeJA treatment. In conclusion, MeJA mediated bioactive compound metabolism, had positive effects on GSL biosynthesis, sulforaphane, and flavonoids accumulation, and showed positive correlation on inducing higher antioxidant activities in broccoli floret. Hence, preharvest supplementation with 40 μM MeJA could be a good way to improve the nutritional value of broccoli florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fangzhen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (W.Z.); (F.C.)
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (Q.W.)
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Exogenous Selenium Treatment Promotes Glucosinolate and Glucoraphanin Accumulation in Broccoli by Activating Their Biosynthesis and Transport Pathways. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation using selenium (Se) on plants is an effective and widely used approach. It can not only be converted to more Se rich compounds but promote the accumulation of glucosinolates (GSLs) with anti-carcinogenic properties. However, the molecular mechanism of Se in regulating GSLs synthesis remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Se treatment (50 μM sodium selenite) on GSLs, glucoraphanin (4MSOB), and sulforaphane compounds in broccoli tissues. The transcript levels of genes involved in sulfur absorption and transport, GSLs biosynthesis, translocation, and degradation pathways were also evaluated. The study showed that Se treatment remarkably promoted the accumulation of total sulfur and total Se contents and increased Trp-derived GSLs levels in roots by 2 times. The 4MSOB concentration and sulforaphane content in fresh leaves was increased by 67% and 30% after Se treatment, respectively. For genes expressions, some genes involved in sulfate uptake and transporters, GSLs biosynthesis, and transporters were induced strongly upon Se exposure. Results revealed that exogenous Se treatment promotes the overaccumulation of GSLs and 4MSOB content in broccoli by activating the transcript levels of genes involved in sulfur absorption, GSLs biosynthesis, and translocation pathways.
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Feng X, Ma J, Liu Z, Li X, Wu Y, Hou L, Li M. Analysis of Glucosinolate Content and Metabolism Related Genes in Different Parts of Chinese Flowering Cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:767898. [PMID: 35111173 PMCID: PMC8801782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are important secondary metabolites that play important defensive roles in cruciferous plants. Chinese flowering cabbage, one of the most common vegetable crops, is rich in GSLs and thus has the potential to reduce the risk of cancer in humans. Many genes that are involved in GSL biosynthesis and metabolism have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; however, few studies investigated the genes related to GSL biosynthesis and metabolism in Chinese flowering cabbage. In the present study, the GSL composition and content in three different organs of Chinese flowering cabbage (leaf, stalk, and flower bud) were determined. Our results showed that the total GSL content in flower buds was significantly higher than in stalks and leaves, and aliphatic GSLs were the most abundant GSL type. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the variations of GSL content, we analyzed the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in GSL biosynthesis and transport in different tissues of Chinese flowering cabbage using RNA sequencing; the expression levels of most genes were found to be consistent with the pattern of total GSL content. Correlation and consistency analysis of differentially expressed genes from different organs with the GSL content revealed that seven genes (Bra029966, Bra012640, Bra016787, Bra011761, Bra006830, Bra011759, and Bra029248) were positively correlated with GSL content. These findings provide a molecular basis for further elucidating GSL biosynthesis and transport in Chinese flowering cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Jiajun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Yinghua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Meilan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Improving Quality and Increasing Profits of Protected Vegetables in Shanxi, Taigu, China
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Kim NS, Kim SJ, Jo JS, Lee JG, Lee SI, Kim DH, Kim JA. The BrGI Circadian Clock Gene Is Involved in the Regulation of Glucosinolates in Chinese Cabbage. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111664. [PMID: 34828270 PMCID: PMC8621042 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks integrate environmental cues with endogenous signals to coordinate physiological outputs. Clock genes in plants are involved in many physiological and developmental processes, such as photosynthesis, stomata opening, stem elongation, light signaling, and floral induction. Many Brassicaceae family plants, including Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), produce a unique glucosinolate (GSL) secondary metabolite, which enhances plant protection, facilitates the design of functional foods, and has potential medical applications (e.g., as antidiabetic and anticancer agents). The levels of GSLs change diurnally, suggesting a connection to the circadian clock system. We investigated whether circadian clock genes affect the biosynthesis of GSLs in Brassica rapa using RNAi-mediated suppressed transgenic Brassica rapa GIGENTEA homolog (BrGI knockdown; hereafter GK1) Chinese cabbage. GIGANTEA plays an important role in the plant circadian clock system and is related to various developmental and metabolic processes. Using a validated GK1 transgenic line, we performed RNA sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. The transcript levels of many GSL pathway genes were significantly altered in GK1 transgenic plants. In addition, GSL contents were substantially reduced in GK1 transgenic plants. We report that the BrGI circadian clock gene is required for the biosynthesis of GSLs in Chinese cabbage plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (N.S.K.); (S.I.L.)
| | - Su Jeong Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Jung Su Jo
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (J.S.J.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Jun Gu Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (J.S.J.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (N.S.K.); (S.I.L.)
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.A.K.); Tel.: +82-31-670-3260 (D.H.K.); +82-63-238-4619 (J.A.K.)
| | - Jin A. Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (N.S.K.); (S.I.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.A.K.); Tel.: +82-31-670-3260 (D.H.K.); +82-63-238-4619 (J.A.K.)
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11
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Drabińska N, Jeż M, Nogueira M. Variation in the Accumulation of Phytochemicals and Their Bioactive Properties among the Aerial Parts of Cauliflower. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1597. [PMID: 34679732 PMCID: PMC8533432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables from the Brassicaceae family are excellent sources of bioactive phytochemicals and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Variation of phytochemicals in the edible part of cauliflower is known. However, information about the distribution of bioactive and nutritive compounds as well as antioxidant activity among aerial organs of cauliflower is unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the distribution of glucosinolates (GLS), phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophylls, nutritive compounds and antioxidant capacity between the aerial parts of the common variety of cauliflower and to evaluate whether these changes contribute to the differences in the antioxidant capacity between the plant organs. Our study showed that all the aerial organs of cauliflower are a rich source of health-promoting bioactive compounds, including GLS, phenolics and flavonoids, exhibiting antioxidant capacity. The highest contents of phytochemicals and the highest antioxidant capacity were found in leaves. Cauliflower organs were also found to be rich in nutritive compounds, including minerals, proteins and amino acids. Our study showed that the non-edible organs, such as stems and leaves, being neglected parts of cauliflower, if not consumed as the main ingredient, can be used as additives for developing new, functional foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Food Volatilomics and Sensomics Group, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maja Jeż
- Department of Chemical and Physical Properties of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariana Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169005 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Sayed Ahmed HI, Elsherif DE, El-Shanshory AR, Haider AS, Gaafar RM. Silver nanoparticles and Chlorella treatments induced glucosinolates and kaempferol key biosynthetic genes in Eruca sativa. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microalgae and nanoparticles are currently considered promising tools for numerous agricultural and biotechnological applications. The green microalga Chlorella sp. MF1 and its biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used in this study as biofortification agents to enhance glucosinolate and kaempferol levels in Eruca sativa. UV–visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and TEM were comprehensively used for characterizing Chlorella-based AgNPs.
Results
The biosynthesized AgNPs were found to be spherical in shape, with size ranging from 1.45 to 5.08 nm. According to FTIR measurements, silver ions were reduced to AgNPs by functional groups such as amide, hydroxyl and carboxylate. Different experimental treatments were conducted, including either soaking seeds of E. sativa or foliar spray with various concentrations of Chlorella suspension (1, 2, 3 and 4 g L−1) and AgNPs (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L−1). Expression levels of five key genes in the biosynthetic pathway of glucosinolates (MAM1, SUR1, MYB34 and MYB51) and kaempferol (CHS) were assessed using qRT-PCR. The results indicated an upregulation in the gene expression levels in all treatments compared to control, recording the highest level at 40 mg L−1 AgNPs and 4 g L−1Chlorella suspension. In addition, high glucosinolates and kaempferol content was detected in plants whose leaves were sprayed with AgNPs and Chlorella suspension (40 mg L−1 and 4 g L−1) based on HPLC analysis. Sequence analysis of amplified CHS fragments from E. sativa plants treated with AgNPs (40 mg L−1) showed high sequence similarity to A. thaliana CHS gene. However, there were several CHS regions with sequence polymorphism (SNPs and Indels) in foliar sprayed plants.
Conclusions
Results of this study evidenced that the application of AgNPs and Chlorella suspension increased glucosinolates and kaempferol content in E. sativa through upregulation of key genes in their biosynthetic pathway.
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13
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Rao SQ, Chen XQ, Wang KH, Zhu ZJ, Yang J, Zhu B. Effect of short-term high temperature on the accumulation of glucosinolates in Brassica rapa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:222-233. [PMID: 33639590 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates, an important class of secondary metabolites in cruciferous vegetables, play a crucial role in protecting plants from stress-related damage. The mechanism of glucosinolate synthesis under short-term high temperature stress has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, we investigated the changes in transcription factors, synthetic genes, and related metabolites involved in glucosinolate synthesis by pakchoi seedlings under short-term high temperature stress (40 °C for 8 h). Short-term high temperature stress inhibited the primary sulfur assimilation and the contents of methionine, cysteine and glutathione. The contents of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates were increased by short-term high temperature stress, whereas the content of 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin increased significantly. During the stress period, the transcript level of glucosinolate related MYB transcription factors had been basically significantly up-regulated, whereas the transcript level of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate synthetic genes were predominantly up-regulated and down-regulated respectively. In the early recovery period, primary sulfur assimilation up-regulated rapidly, and decreased during the late recovery process. The glucosinolate content and synthesis gene expression act similar to the primary sulfur assimilation, a short up-regulated in early recovery, then all go down at 40 and 48 h after short-term high temperature treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Qi Rao
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Chen
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Kuan-Hong Wang
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Zhu
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Biao Zhu
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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14
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Wang J, Mao S, Wu Q, Yuan Y, Liang M, Wang S, Huang K, Wu Q. Effects of LED illumination spectra on glucosinolate and sulforaphane accumulation in broccoli seedlings. Food Chem 2021; 356:129550. [PMID: 33819785 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are well known for plant defense and human nutrition. In this study, broccoli seedlings were illuminated under different LED light, including white, red, blue, and 75% red + 25% blue (200 mmol·m-2·s-1) for 4 weeks to investigate the effects of LED light on GSLs and sulforaphane biosynthesis. Results showed that red light promoted GSL biosynthesis and sulforaphane accumulation because red light could induce SOT18 expression to advance aliphatic GSLs biosynthesis, whereas the high tryptophan content and the upregulation of CYP79B2, CYP79B3, and CYP83B1 were attributed to indole GSL biosynthesis. Low-level methionine content and downregulated SOT18 were the main factors inhibiting GSLs and sulforaphane accumulation under blue LED illumination. BoHY5 gene expression was induced significantly and the yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated BoHY5 could bind to SOT18 promoter. Consequently, BoHY5 inhibited SOT18 expression, and played a negative role in the GSL biosynthetic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Shengze Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China
| | - Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha, PR China.
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15
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Arias T, Niederhuth CE, McSteen P, Pires JC. The Molecular Basis of Kale Domestication: Transcriptional Profiling of Developing Leaves Provides New Insights Into the Evolution of a Brassica oleracea Vegetative Morphotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637115. [PMID: 33747016 PMCID: PMC7973465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Morphotypes of Brassica oleracea are the result of a dynamic interaction between genes that regulate the transition between vegetative and reproductive stages and those that regulate leaf morphology and plant architecture. In kales, ornate leaves, extended vegetative phase, and nutritional quality are some of the characters potentially selected by humans during domestication. We used a combination of developmental studies and transcriptomics to understand the vegetative domestication syndrome of kale. To identify candidate genes that are responsible for the evolution of domestic kale, we searched for transcriptome-wide differences among three vegetative B. oleracea morphotypes. RNA-seq experiments were used to understand the global pattern of expressed genes during a mixture of stages at one time in kale, cabbage, and the rapid cycling kale line TO1000. We identified gene expression patterns that differ among morphotypes and estimate the contribution of morphotype-specific gene expression that sets kale apart (3958 differentially expressed genes). Differentially expressed genes that regulate the vegetative to reproductive transition were abundant in all morphotypes. Genes involved in leaf morphology, plant architecture, defense, and nutrition were differentially expressed in kale. This allowed us to identify a set of candidate genes we suggest may be important in the kale domestication syndrome. Understanding candidate genes responsible for kale domestication is of importance to ultimately improve Cole crop production.
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16
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Chen L, Wu F, Zhang J. NAC and MYB Families and Lignin Biosynthesis-Related Members Identification and Expression Analysis in Melilotus albus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020303. [PMID: 33562564 PMCID: PMC7914948 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melilotus albus is an annual or biennial legume species that adapts to extreme environments via its high stress tolerance. NAC and MYB transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis, which has not been studied in M. albus. A total of 101 MaNAC and 299 MaMYB members were identified based on M. albus genome. Chromosome distribution and synteny analysis indicated that some genes underwent tandem duplication. Ka/Ks analysis suggested that MaNACs and MaMYBs underwent strong purifying selection. Stress-, hormone- and development-related cis-elements and MYB-binding sites were identified in the promoter regions of MaNACs and MaMYBs. Five MaNACs, two MaMYBs and ten lignin biosynthesis genes were identified as presenting coexpression relationships according to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Eleven and thirteen candidate MaNAC and MaMYB genes related to lignin biosynthesis were identified, respectively, and a network comprising these genes was constructed which further confirmed the MaNAC and MaMYB relationship. These candidate genes had conserved gene structures and motifs and were highly expressed in the stems and roots, and qRT-PCR further verified the expression patterns. Overall, our results provide a reference for determining the precise role of NAC and MYB genes in M. albus and may facilitate efforts to breed low-lignin-content forage cultivars in the future.
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17
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Mitreiter S, Gigolashvili T. Regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:70-91. [PMID: 33313802 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary defense metabolites produced by plants of the order Brassicales, which includes the model species Arabidopsis and many crop species. In the past 13 years, the regulation of glucosinolate synthesis in plants has been intensively studied, with recent research revealing complex molecular mechanisms that connect glucosinolate production with responses to other central pathways. In this review, we discuss how the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis is ecologically relevant for plants, how it is controlled by transcription factors, and how this transcriptional machinery interacts with hormonal, environmental, and epigenetic mechanisms. We present the central players in glucosinolate regulation, MYB and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, as well as the plant hormone jasmonate, which together with other hormones and environmental signals allow the coordinated and rapid regulation of glucosinolate genes. Furthermore, we highlight the regulatory connections between glucosinolates, auxin, and sulfur metabolism and discuss emerging insights and open questions on the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mitreiter
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Park CH, Park SY, Park YJ, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolite Profiling and Comparative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Chinese Cabbage, Radish, and Hybrid xBrassicoraphanus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13711-13719. [PMID: 33190495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We profiled and quantified primary and secondary metabolites in the leaves and roots of xBrassicoraphanus (Baemuchae), Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage), and Raphanus sativus (radish). We obtained 72 metabolites from leaves and 68 metabolites from both leaves and roots of xBrassicoraphanus, Chinese cabbage, and radish. The metabolic profiles in this study revealed intermediate-level production of most metabolites from different parts of Baemuchae compared with that from different parts of Chinese cabbage and radishes. This was supported by the results of principal component analyses for the detected metabolites, which indicated that the Baemuchae group was located between the Chinese cabbage and radish groups. In particular, several amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and methionine) played the main role in phenylpropanoid and glucosinolate biosynthesis and were positively correlated with phenolic compounds, indolic glucosinolates, and aliphatic glucosinolates, respectively, in different parts. Furthermore, analysis of different species revealed the presence of 10 different glucosinolates, 10 phenolics, and 7 carotenoids, and their levels varied in the roots and leaves of the studied species. Among the leaves of the three species, Chinese cabbage had the highest total glucosinolate level, which was 3.14 times higher than the lowest level observed in radish. Baemuchae had the highest total phenolic compound level, which was 2.87 times higher than the lowest level found in Chinese cabbage, and radish had the highest carotenoid level, which was 12.41 times higher than the lowest one observed in Chinese cabbage. In the roots of Baemuchae, Chinese cabbage, and radish, glucosinolate levels did not vary significantly. Chinese cabbage contained the highest total phenolic compound level, which was 2.38 times higher than the lowest level found in radish, and the highest total carotenoid level, which was 2.49 times higher than the lowest level observed in Baemuchae. This metabolomic study provided chemical composition information that can be applied to future breeding strategies and comprehensively described the relationship among metabolites detected in the three plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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19
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Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of Green and Red Mizuna ( Brassica rapa L. var. japonica). Foods 2020; 9:foods9081079. [PMID: 32784373 PMCID: PMC7466343 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. japonica), a member of the family Brassicaceae, is rich in various health-beneficial phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates, phenolics, and anthocyanins. However, few studies have been conducted on genes associated with metabolic traits in mizuna. Thus, this study provides a better insight into the metabolic differences between green and red mizuna via the integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses. A mizuna RNAseq analysis dataset showed 257 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) with a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05. These DEGs included the biosynthesis genes of secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins, glucosinolates, and phenolics. Particularly, the expression of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic genes was higher in the green cultivar. In contrast, the expression of most genes related to indolic glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids was higher in the red cultivar. Furthermore, the metabolic analysis showed that 14 glucosinolates, 12 anthocyanins, five phenolics, and two organic acids were detected in both cultivars. The anthocyanin levels were higher in red than in green mizuna, while the glucosinolate levels were higher in green than in red mizuna. Consistent with the results of phytochemical analyses, the transcriptome data revealed that the expression levels of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes were significantly higher in red mizuna, while those of the glucosinolate biosynthetic genes were significantly upregulated in green mizuna. A total of 43 metabolites, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, organic acids, and amines, was identified and quantified in both cultivars using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Among the identified metabolites, sucrose was positively correlated with anthocyanins, as previously reported.
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20
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Ma J, Zhao P, Liu S, Yang Q, Guo H. The Control of Developmental Phase Transitions by microRNAs and Their Targets in Seed Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1971. [PMID: 32183075 PMCID: PMC7139601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed plants usually undergo various developmental phase transitions throughout their lifespan, mainly including juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive transitions, as well as developmental transitions within organ/tissue formation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs, are involved in the developmental phase transitions in plants by negatively regulating the expression of their target genes at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, cumulative evidence has revealed that five miRNAs, miR156, miR159, miR166, miR172, and miR396, are key regulators of developmental phase transitions in plants. In this review, the advanced progress of the five miRNAs and their targets in regulating plant developmental transitions, especially in storage organ formation, are summarized and discussed, combining our own findings with the literature. In general, the functions of the five miRNAs and their targets are relatively conserved, but their functional divergences also emerge to some extent. In addition, potential research directions of miRNAs in regulating plant developmental phase transitions are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Shibiao Liu
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China;
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Huihong Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsing Hua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Q.Y.)
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21
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Liu Y, Zhou X, Yan M, Wang P, Wang H, Xin Q, Yang L, Hong D, Yang G. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a seed glucosinolate content QTL, qGSL-C2, in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:479-490. [PMID: 31832742 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis indicate that allelic variations in BnaC2.MYB28 resulted from homeologous exchange and determine difference in seed glucosinolate content. A low seed glucosinolate content has long been an important breeding objective in rapeseed improvement. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying seed GSL content variations remain to be elucidated in allotetraploid Brassica napus. Here, we developed a double haploid population from a cross between two B. napus accessions that possess relatively low, but significantly different seed GSL contents and identified a major QTL, qGSL-C2, on chromosome C02 that explains 30.88-72.87% of the phenotypic variation observed in five environments. Using near-isogenic lines, we further delimited qGSL-C2 to a physical region of 49 kb on the B. rapa chromosome A02 which is highly homologous to the target C02 interval. Among five candidate genes, BnaC2.MYB28, a homologue of the Arabidopsis MYB28 encoding a putative R2R3-MYB-type transcription factor functioning in aliphatic methionine-derived GSL synthesis, was most likely to be the target gene underlying the QTL. Sequence analysis revealed multiple insertion/deletion and SNP variations in the genomic region between the alleles of the NILs. Furthermore, the allelic variations in BnaC2.MYB28 in the natural B. napus population were significantly associated with seed GSL content. Remarkably, the phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison suggested that while the BnaC2.MYB28 allele from the parental line G120 was inherited from B. oleracea BolC2.MYB28, its counterpart from the other parent, 9172, most likely evolved from B. rapa BraA2.MYB28 via possible homeologous exchange. Our study promotes greater understanding of the molecular regulation of seed GSL content and provides useful molecular markers for seed GSL improvement in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liyong Yang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Park CH, Yeo HJ, Park SY, Kim JK, Park SU. Comparative Phytochemical Analyses and Metabolic Profiling of Different Phenotypes of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica Rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Foods 2019; 8:E587. [PMID: 31752320 PMCID: PMC6915346 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively examine the interface between primary and secondary metabolites in oval- and rectangular-shaped Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition to differences in shape, there was significant morphological variation between the two cultivars. The rectangular variety had greater height and deeper green color, whereas the oval variety had more leaves and greater width. A total of 42 primary metabolites identified by GC-TOFMS were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant, which indicated significant differences in the primary and secondary metabolisms of the two cultivars. Furthermore, total glucosinolate and phenolic contents were higher in the oval cultivar, whereas the rectangular cultivar contained a higher level of total carotenoids. This metabolome study comprehensively describes the relationship between primary and secondary metabolites in the oval and rectangular cultivars of Chinese cabbage and provides information useful for developing strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, phenolics, and carotenoids in Chinese cabbage. Additionally, this work highlights that HPLC and GC-TOFMS-based metabolite profiling is suitable techniques to determine metabolic differences in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea;
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciencesand Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
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23
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Bertóti R, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Béni S, M-Hamvas M, Szőke É, Vasas G, Gonda S. Variability of Bioactive Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates and Enzyme Patterns in Horseradish Hairy Root Cultures Initiated from Different Organs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2828. [PMID: 31382520 PMCID: PMC6696319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish hairy root cultures are suitable plant tissue organs to study the glucosinolate-myrosinase-isothiocyanate system and also to produce the biologically active isothiocyanates and horseradish peroxidase, widely used in molecular biology. Fifty hairy root clones were isolated after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of surface sterilized Armoracia rusticana petioles and leaf blades, from which 21 were viable after antibiotic treatment. Biomass properties (e.g. dry weight %, daily growth index), glucosinolate content (analyzed by liquid chromatography-electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)), isothiocyanate and nitrile content (analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)), myrosinase (on-gel detection) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme patterns (on-gel detection and spectrophotometry), and morphological features were examined with multi-variable statistical analysis. In addition to the several positive and negative correlations, the most outstanding phenomenon was many parameters of the hairy root clones showed dependence on the organ of origin. Among others, the daily growth index, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, 3-phenylpropionitrile, indole-3-acetonitrile and horseradish peroxidase values showed significantly higher levels in horseradish hairy root cultures initiated from leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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24
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Cuong DM, Park SU, Park CH, Kim NS, Bong SJ, Lee SY. Comparative analysis of glucosinolate production in hairy roots of green and red kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:775-782. [PMID: 31124740 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1615505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur- and nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites that function in plant defense and provide benefits to human health. In this study, using Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000, green and red kale hairy roots were established. The expression levels of GSLs biosynthesis genes and their accumulation in both kale hairy roots were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and HPLC. The results showed that the expression of most indolic GSLs biosynthesis genes was higher in the hairy roots of green kale than in that of red kale. In contrast, the expression of BoCYP83A1 and BoSUR1 encoding key enzymes aromatic GSL biosynthesis was significantly higher in red kale hairy root. The HPLC analysis identified six GSLs. The levels of 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin were 6.21, 5.98, and 2 times higher, respectively, in green kale than in red kale, whereas the levels of neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin were 16.2 and 3.48 times higher, respectively, in red kale than in green kale. Our study provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of GSLs biosynthesis in kale hairy roots and can be potentially used as "biological factories" for producing bioactive substances such as GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Manh Cuong
- a Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- a Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- a Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- a Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- a Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- b Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University , Wando-gun , Korea
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25
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Cuong DM, Park CH, Bong SJ, Kim NS, Kim JK, Park SU. Enhancement of Glucosinolate Production in Watercress ( Nasturtium officinale) Hairy Roots by Overexpressing Cabbage Transcription Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4860-4867. [PMID: 30973222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary metabolites that play important roles in plant defense and human health, as their production in plants is enhanced by overexpressing transcription factors. Here, four cabbage transcription factors (IQD1-1, IQD1-2, MYB29-1, and MYB29-2) affecting genes in both aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates biosynthetic pathways and increasing glucosinolates accumulation were overexpressed in watercress. Five IQD1-1, six IQD1-2, five MYB29-1, six MYB29-2, and one GUS hairy root lines were created. The expression of all genes involved in glucosinolates biosynthesis was higher in transgenic lines than in the GUS hairy root line, in agreement with total glucosinolates contents, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In transgenic IQD1-1 (1), IQD1-2 (4), MYB29-1 (2), and MYB29-2 (1) hairy root lines, total glucosinolates were 3.39-, 3.04-, 2.58-, and 4.69-fold higher than those in the GUS hairy root lines, respectively. These results suggest a central regulatory function for IQD1-1, IQD1-2, MYB29-1, and MYB29-2 transcription factors in glucosinolates biosynthesis in watercress hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Manh Cuong
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center , Incheon National University , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012 , Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134 , Korea
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26
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Liu M, Wu F, Wang S, Lu Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Gu A, Zhao J, Shen S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses against soft rot in Chinese cabbage. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:68. [PMID: 31231526 PMCID: PMC6544662 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (Pcc) is a necrotrophic bacterial species that causes soft rot disease in Chinese cabbage. In this study, plants harboring the resistant mutant sr gene, which confers resistance against Pcc, were screened from an 800 M2 population mutated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and scored in vitro and in vivo for lesion size. The transcript profiles showed ~512 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sr and WT plants occurring between 6 and 12 h postinoculation (hpi), which corresponded to the important defense regulation period (resistance) to Pcc in Chinese cabbage. The downstream defense genes (CPK, CML, RBOH MPK3, and MPK4) of pathogen pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) were strongly activated during infection at 12 hpi in resistant mutant sr; PTI appears to be central to plant defense against Pcc via recognition by three putative pattern recognition receptors (PRRs; BrLYM1-BrCERK1, BrBKK1/SERK4-PEPR1, BrWAKs). Pcc triggered the upregulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis genes in mutant sr, but auxins and other hormones may have affected some negative signals. Endogenous hormones (auxins, JAs, and SA), as well as exogenous auxins (MEJA and BTH), were also verified as functioning in the immune system. Concurrently, the expression of glucosinolate and lignin biosynthesis genes was increased at 12 hpi in resistant mutant sr, and the accumulation of glucosinolate and lignin also indicated that these genes have a functional defensive role against Pcc. Our study provides valuable information and elucidates the resistance mechanism of Chinese cabbage against Pcc infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Aixia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
| | - Shuxing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000 Baoding, China
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27
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Cai C, Yuan W, Miao H, Deng M, Wang M, Lin J, Zeng W, Wang Q. Functional Characterization of BoaMYB51s as Central Regulators of Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1599. [PMID: 30459789 PMCID: PMC6232877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB51 is known to control indole glucosinolate (indole GSL) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Here, two copies of BoaMYB51 have been isolated in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey), designated BoaMYB51.1 and BoaMYB51.2, which exhibit overlapping but distinct expression levels among different organs and respond to signaling molecules in a similar pattern. It has been demonstrated a structural and functional conservation between BoaMYB51s and AtMYB51 by phylogenetic analysis, complementation studies and transient expression assay. To further investigate the transcriptional mechanism, we identified the transcriptional activation domain (TAD) and putative interacting proteins of BoaMYB51s by means of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two hybrid. Using tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) transient expression assay, we confirmed that the carboxy-end is required for transcriptional activation activity of BoaMYB51s. In addition, several BoaMYB51-interacting proteins have been identified by yeast two-hybrid screening. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms by which MYB51 transcriptionally regulates indole GSL biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxi Cai
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Yuan
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingdan Deng
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Lin
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Cuong DM, Kim JK, Bong SJ, Baek SA, Jeon J, Park JS, Park SU. Comparative analysis of glucosinolates and metabolite profiling of green and red mustard ( brassica juncea) hairy roots. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:382. [PMID: 30148032 PMCID: PMC6104223 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, accumulation of glucosinolates and expression of glucosinolates biosynthesis genes in green and red mustard hairy roots were identified and quantified by HPLC and qRT-PCR analyses. The total glucosinolates content of green mustard hairy root (10.09 µg/g dry weight) was 3.88 times higher than that of red mustard hairy root. Indolic glucosinolates (glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin) in green mustard were found at 30.92, 6.95, and 5.29 times higher than in red mustard hairy root, respectively. Conversely, levels of glucotropaeolin (aromatic glucosinolate) was significantly higher in red mustard than in green mustard. Accumulation of glucoraphasatin, an aliphatic glucosinolate, was only observed only in red mustard hairy roots. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of genes related to aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were higher in red mustard, exception BjCYP83B. The expression of BjCYP79B2, which encodes a key enzyme involved in the indolic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, was higher in green mustard than in red mustard. Additionally, to further distinguish between green mustard and red mustard hairy roots, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subjected to principal component analysis. The results indicated that core primary metabolites and glucosinolate levels were higher in the hairy roots of green mustard than in those of red mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Manh Cuong
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Seung A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 South Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
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29
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Allan AC, Espley RV. MYBs Drive Novel Consumer Traits in Fruits and Vegetables. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:693-705. [PMID: 30033210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eating plant-derived compounds can lead to a longer and healthier life and also benefits the environment. Innovation in the fresh food sector, as well as new cultivars, can improve consumption of fruit and vegetables, with MYB transcription factors being a target to drive this novelty. Plant MYB transcription factors are implicated in diverse roles including development, hormone signalling, and metabolite biosynthesis. The reds and blues of fruit and vegetables provided by anthocyanins, phlobaphenes, and betalains are controlled by specific R2R3 MYBs. New studies are now revealing that MYBs also control carotenoid biosynthesis and other quality traits, such as flavour and texture. Future breeding techniques may manipulate or create alleles of key MYB transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Richard V Espley
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Lee JH, Lee J, Kim H, Chae WB, Kim SJ, Lim YP, Oh MH. Brassinosteroids regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:450-458. [PMID: 29315590 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants must constantly adjust their growth and defense responses to deal with the wide variety of stresses they encounter in their environment. Among phytohormones, brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important group of plant steroid hormones involved in numerous aspects of the plant lifecycle including growth, development and responses to various stresses including insect attacks. Here, we show that BRs regulate glucosinolate (GS) biosynthesis and function in insect herbivory. Preference tests and larval feeding experiments using the generalist herbivore, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), revealed that the larvae prefer to feed on Arabidopsis thaliana brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (bri1-5) plants over wild-type Ws-2 or BRI1-Flag (bri1-5 background) transgenic plants, which results in an increase in larval weight. Analysis of GS contents showed that 3-(methylsulfinyl) propyl GS (C3) levels were higher in bri1-5 than in Ws2 and BRI1-Flag transgenic plants, whereas sinigrin (2-propenylglucosinolate), glucoerucin (4-methylthiobutylglucosinolate) and glucobrassicin (indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) levels were lower in this mutant. We investigated the effect of brassinolide (BL) on GS biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) by monitoring the expression levels of GS biosynthetic genes, including MAM1, MAM3, BCAT4 and AOP2, which increased in a BL-dependent manner. These results suggest that BRs regulate GS profiles in higher plants, which function in defense responses against insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji H Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeo Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeRan Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won B Chae
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong P Lim
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Ho Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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31
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Zhang J, Wang H, Liu Z, Liang J, Wu J, Cheng F, Mei S, Wang X. A naturally occurring variation in the BrMAM-3 gene is associated with aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation in Brassica rapa leaves. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:69. [PMID: 30534387 PMCID: PMC6269504 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate profiles significantly vary among Brassica rapa genotypes. However, the molecular basis of these variations is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation in B. rapa leaves. The QTL, which encompasses three tandem MAM genes and two MYB genes, was detected in two BC2DH populations. Among the five-candidate genes, only the expression level of BrMAM-3 (Bra013007) was significantly correlated with the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in B. rapa leaves. We identified a naturally occurring insertion within exon 1 of BrMAM-3, which is predicted to be a loss-of-function mutation, as confirmed by qRT-PCR. We determined that the loss of function was associated with the low glucosinolate content in B. rapa accessions. Furthermore, overexpressing the BrMAM-3 gene resulted in an increase in total aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis transgenic lines. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in B. rapa leaves, thereby facilitating in the manipulation of total aliphatic glucosinolate content in Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
- Institute of Southern Economic Crops, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410205 Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109 Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Liang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Mei
- Institute of Southern Economic Crops, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410205 Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
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32
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Yin L, Chen H, Cao B, Lei J, Chen G. Molecular Characterization of MYB28 Involved in Aliphatic Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Chinese Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1083. [PMID: 28680435 PMCID: PMC5478679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are Brassicaceae-specific secondary metabolites that act as crop protectants, flavor precursors, and cancer-prevention agents, which shows strong evidences of anticarcinogentic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. MYB28, the R2R3-MYB28 transcription factor, directly activates genes involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In this study, the MYB28 homology (BoaMYB28) was identified in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicated that the cDNA of BoaMYB28 was 1257 bp with an ORF of 1020 bp. The deduced BoaMYB28 protein was a polypeptide of 339 amino acid with a putative molecular mass of 38 kDa and a pI of 6.87. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that BoaMYB28 was most closely related to MYB28 homologs from the Brassicaceae family. The expression levels of BoaMYB28 varies across the tissues and developmental stages. BoaMYB28 transcript levels were higher in leaves and stems compared with those in cotyledons, flowers, and siliques. BoaMYB28 was expressed across all developmental leaf stages, with higher transcript accumulation in mature and inflorescence leaves. Over-expression and RNAi studies showed that BoaMYB28 retains the basic MYB28 gene function as a major transcriptional regulator of aliphatic glucosinolate pathway. The results indicated that over-expression and RNAi lines showed no visible difference on plant morphology. The contents of aliphatic glucosinolates and transcript levels of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes increased in over-expression lines and decreased in RNAi lines. In over-expression lines, aliphatic glucosinolate contents were 1.5- to 3-fold higher than those in the wild-type, while expression levels of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes were 1.5- to 4-fold higher than those in the wild-type. In contrast, the contents of aliphatic glucosinolates and transcript levels of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in RNAi lines were considerably lower than those in the wild-type. The results suggest that BoaMYB28 has the potential to alter the aliphatic glucosinolates contents in Chinese kale at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hancai Chen
- Vegetable Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guoju Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Pan JH, Abernathy B, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Kim JH, Shin EC, Kim JK. Cruciferous vegetables and colorectal cancer prevention through microRNA regulation: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2026-2038. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Pan
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Breann Abernathy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Jeon J, Bong SJ, Park JS, Park YK, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU. De novo transcriptome analysis and glucosinolate profiling in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:401. [PMID: 28535746 PMCID: PMC5442658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an aquatic herb species that is a rich source of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates. Among these glucosinolates, watercress contains high amounts of gluconasturtiin (2-phenethyl glucosinolate) and its hydrolysis product, 2-phennethyl isothiocyanate, which plays a role in suppressing tumor growth. However, the use of N. officinale as a source of herbal medicines is currently limited due to insufficient genomic and physiological information. Results To acquire precise information on glucosinolate biosynthesis in N. officinale, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of different organs of N. officinale. Transcriptome analysis of N. officinale seedlings yielded 69,570,892 raw reads. These reads were assembled into 69,635 transcripts, 64,876 of which were annotated to transcripts in public databases. On the basis of the functional annotation of N. officinale, we identified 33 candidate genes encoding enzymes related to glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways and analyzed the expression of these genes in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds of N. officinale. The expression of NoMYB28 and NoMYB29, the main regulators of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, was highest in the stems, whereas the key regulators of indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis, such as NoDof1.1, NoMYB34, NoMYB51, and NoMYB122, were strongly expressed in the roots. Most glucosinolate biosynthetic genes were highly expressed in the flowers. HPLC analysis enabled us to detect eight glucosinolates in the different organs of N. officinale. Among these glucosinolates, the level of gluconasturtiin was considerably higher than any other glucosinolate in individual organs, and the amount of total glucosinolates was highest in the flower. Conclusions This study has enhanced our understanding of functional genomics of N. officinale, including the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways of this plant. Ultimately, our data will be helpful for further research on watercress bio-engineering and better strategies for exploiting its anti-carcinogenic properties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3792-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Bong
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | | | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Augustine R, Bisht NC. Regulation of Glucosinolate Metabolism: From Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana to Brassica Crops. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25462-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu J, Cai J, Wang R, Yang S. Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010053. [PMID: 28036025 PMCID: PMC5297688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, Catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA in C. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Junjun Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
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Yi GE, Robin AHK, Yang K, Park JI, Hwang BH, Nou IS. Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Induce Subspecies-Specific Patterns of Glucosinolate Accumulation and Gene Expression in Brassica oleracea L. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101417. [PMID: 27783045 PMCID: PMC6273115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates have anti-carcinogenic properties. In the recent decades, the genetics of glucosinolate biosynthesis has been widely studied, however, the expression of specific genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis under exogenous phytohormone treatment has not been explored at the subspecies level in Brassica oleracea. Such data are vital for strategies aimed at selective exploitation of glucosinolate profiles. This study quantified the expression of 38 glucosinolate biosynthesis-related genes in three B. oleracea subspecies, namely cabbage, broccoli and kale, and catalogued associations between gene expression and increased contents of individual glucosinolates under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. Glucosinolate accumulation and gene expression in response to phytohormone elicitation was subspecies specific. For instance, cabbage leaves showed enhanced accumulation of the aliphatic glucoiberin, progoitrin, sinigrin and indolic neoglucobrassicin under both MeJA and SA treatment. MeJA treatment induced strikingly higher accumulation of glucobrassicin (GBS) in cabbage and kale and of neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) in broccoli compared to controls. Notably higher expression of ST5a (Bol026200), CYP81F1 (Bol028913, Bol028914) and CYP81F4 genes was associated with significantly higher GBS accumulation under MeJA treatment compared to controls in all three subspecies. CYP81F4 genes, trans-activated by MYB34 genes, were expressed at remarkably high levels in all three subspecies under MeJA treatment, which also induced in higher indolic NGBS accumulation in all three subspecies. Remarkably higher expression of MYB28 (Bol036286), ST5b, ST5c, AOP2, FMOGS-OX5 (Bol031350) and GSL-OH (Bol033373) was associated with much higher contents of aliphatic glucosinolates in kale leaves compared to the other two subspecies. The genes expressed highly could be utilized in strategies to selectively increase glucosinolate compounds in B. oleracea subspecies. These results promote efforts to develop genotypes of B. oleracea and other species with enhanced levels of desired glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go-Eun Yi
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 540-950, Korea.
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 540-950, Korea.
| | - Kiwoung Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 540-950, Korea.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 540-950, Korea.
| | - Byung Ho Hwang
- R & D Center for Crop Breeding, Asia Seed Ltd., Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 467-906, Korea.
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 540-950, Korea.
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Banerjee A, Rai AN, Penna S, Variyar PS. Aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis and gene expression changes in gamma-irradiated cabbage. Food Chem 2016; 209:99-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chun JH, Kim NH, Seo MS, Jin M, Park SU, Arasu MV, Kim SJ, Al-Dhabi NA. Molecular characterization of glucosinolates and carotenoid biosynthetic genes in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:71-82. [PMID: 29379360 PMCID: PMC5775089 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the contents of glucosinolates (GSLs) and carotenoids in eleven varieties of Chinese cabbage in relation to the expression level of the important transcription factors. MS and HPLC analysis identified the presence of 13 GSLs (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapoleiferin, gluconapin, glucocochlearin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoerucin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin) and four carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene). GSL contents were varied among the different cabbage varieties. The total GSL content ranged from 2.7 to 57.88 μmol/g DW. The proportion of gluconapin (54%) and glucobrassicanapin (22%) was higher in all the varieties, respectively. Results documented the variation in total and individual carotenoid contents that have also been observed among different varieties; however, the total carotenoid contents ranged from 289.12 to 1001.41 mg kg−1 DW (mean 467.66). Interestingly, the proportion of lutein (66.5) and β-carotene (25.9) were higher than α-carotene (5.1) and zeaxanthin (2.5%). Consequently, the expression level of the regulatory gene, MYB28 was higher in ‘K0648’ and was directly proportional to GSL content. Similarly, the expression levels of 1-PSY were higher in ‘K0112’; however, the expression levels of 2-ZDS, 3-LCYB, 4-LCYE, 5-CHXB and 7-NCED genes showed no significant difference. In addition, the correlation between GSL and carotenoid contents and gene expression level showed moderate significant difference in each Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyuk Chun
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyung Kim
- Food and Drug Research Institute, Uiduk University, 261 Donghaedaero, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, 235 Geumpyeong-ri, Iseo-myeon, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Jin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, 235 Geumpyeong-ri, Iseo-myeon, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Saha G, Park JI, Kayum MA, Nou IS. A Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Stress and Hormone Responsive Patterns of TIFY Family Genes in Brassica rapa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:936. [PMID: 27446164 PMCID: PMC4923152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The TIFY family is a plant-specific group of proteins with a diversity of functions and includes four subfamilies, viz. ZML, TIFY, PPD, and JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins. TIFY family members, particularly JAZ subfamily proteins, play roles in biological processes such as development and stress and hormone responses in Arabidopsis, rice, chickpea, and grape. However, there is no information about this family in any Brassica crop. This study identifies 36 TIFY genes in Brassica rapa, an economically important crop species in the Brassicaceae. An extensive in silico analysis of phylogenetic grouping, protein motif organization and intron-exon distribution confirmed that there are four subfamilies of BrTIFY proteins. Out of 36 BrTIFY genes, we identified 21 in the JAZ subfamily, seven in the TIFY subfamily, six in ZML and two in PPD. Extensive expression profiling of 21 BrTIFY JAZs in various tissues, especially in floral organs and at different flower growth stages revealed constitutive expression patterns, which suggest that BrTIFY JAZ genes are important during growth and development of B. rapa flowers. A protein interaction network analysis also pointed to association of these proteins with fertility and defense processes of B. rapa. Using a low temperature-treated whole-genome microarray data set, most of the JAZ genes were found to have variable transcript abundance between the contrasting inbred lines Chiifu and Kenshin of B. rapa. Subsequently, the expression of all 21 BrTIFY JAZs in response to cold stress was characterized in the same two lines via qPCR, demonstrating that nine genes were up-regulated. Importantly, the BrTIFY JAZs showed strong and differential expression upon JA treatment, pointing to their probable involvement in JA-mediated growth regulatory functions, especially during flower development and stress responses. Additionally, BrTIFY JAZs were induced in response to salt, drought, Fusarium, ABA, and SA treatments, and six genes (BrTIFY3a, 3b, 6a, 9a, 9b, and 9c) were identified to have co-responsive expression patterns. The extensive annotation and transcriptome profiling reported in this study will be useful for understanding the involvement of TIFY genes in stress resistance and different developmental functions, which ultimately provides the basis for functional characterization and exploitation of the candidate TIFY genes for genetic engineering of B. rapa.
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Qu CM, Li SM, Duan XJ, Fan JH, Jia LD, Zhao HY, Lu K, Li JN, Xu XF, Wang R. Identification of Candidate Genes for Seed Glucosinolate Content Using Association Mapping in Brassica napus L. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:1215-29. [PMID: 26593950 PMCID: PMC4690036 DOI: 10.3390/genes6041215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed contains glucosinolates, a toxic group of sulfur-containing glucosides, which play critical roles in defense against herbivores and microbes. However, the presence of glucosinolates in rapeseed reduces the value of the meal as feed for livestock. We performed association mapping of seed glucosinolate (GS) content using the 60K Brassica Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in 520 oilseed rape accessions. A total of 11 peak SNPs significantly associated with GS content were detected in growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 and were located on B. napus chromosomes A08, A09, C03, and C09, respectively. Two associated regions of GS content covered by these markers were further verified, and three B. napus homologous genes involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of GS were identified. These genes were multigene family members and were distributed on different chromosomes. Moreover, two genes (BnGRT2 and BnMYB28) associated with GS content were validated by the qRT-PCR analysis of their expression profiles. The further identification and functionalization of these genes will provide useful insight into the mechanism underlying GS biosynthesis and allocation in B. napus, and the associated SNPs markers could be helpful for molecular maker-assisted breeding for low seed GS in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Min Qu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Food and Bioproduct Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Shi-Meng Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiu-Jian Duan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Jin-Hua Fan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Le-Dong Jia
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Kun Lu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Jia-Na Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Wang W, Wu P, Li Y, Hou X. Genome-wide analysis and expression patterns of ZF-HD transcription factors under different developmental tissues and abiotic stresses in Chinese cabbage. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:1451-64. [PMID: 26546019 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ZF-HD gene family plays an important role in plant developmental processes and stress responses. However, the function of the ZF-HD genes in Chinese cabbage remains largely unknown. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is a member of one of the most important leaf vegetables grown worldwide. The entire Chinese cabbage genome sequence has been determined, and more than forty thousand proteins have been identified to date. In this study, 31 ZF-HD genes were identified in Chinese cabbage. We show here that the BraZF-HD genes could be categorized into ZHD and MIF subfamilies. Among them, ZHD genes are plant-specific, nearly all intronless, and related to MINI ZINC FINGER genes that possess only the zinc finger. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ZHDs have expanded considerably during angiosperm evolution. In addition, the ZHD group has 24 members, which is twice as much as the Arabidopsis ZHD group, indicating that the Chinese cabbage ZHD genes have been retained more frequently than other group genes. Real-time PCR analysis showed that most of BraZF-HD genes are preferentially expressed in flower. Furthermore, most of these genes are significantly induced under photoperiod or vernalization conditions, as well as abiotic stresses. Thereby implying that they may play important roles in these processes. This study provides insight into the evolution of ZF-HD genes in Chinese cabbage genome and may aid efforts to further characterize the function of these predicted ZF-HD genes in flowering and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - XiLin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Identification and expression analysis of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes and estimation of glucosinolate contents in edible organs of Brassica oleracea subspecies. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26205053 PMCID: PMC6332298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200713089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidative biochemical compounds that defend plants from insect and microbial attack. Glucosinolates are abundant in all cruciferous crops, including all vegetable and oilseed Brassica species. Here, we studied the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and determined glucosinolate contents in the edible organs of a total of 12 genotypes of Brassica oleracea: three genotypes each from cabbage, kale, kohlrabi and cauliflower subspecies. Among the 81 genes analyzed by RT-PCR, 19 are transcription factor-related, two different sets of 25 genes are involved in aliphatic and indolic biosynthesis pathways and the rest are breakdown-related. The expression of glucosinolate-related genes in the stems of kohlrabi was remarkably different compared to leaves of cabbage and kale and florets of cauliflower as only eight genes out of 81 were expressed in the stem tissues of kohlrabi. In the stem tissue of kohlrabi, only one aliphatic transcription factor-related gene, Bol036286 (MYB28) and one indolic transcription factor-related gene, Bol030761 (MYB51), were expressed. The results indicated the expression of all genes is not essential for glucosinolate biosynthesis. Using HPLC analysis, a total of 16 different types of glucosinolates were identified in four subspecies, nine of them were aliphatic, four of them were indolic and one was aromatic. Cauliflower florets measured the highest number of 14 glucosinolates. Among the aliphatic glucosinolates, only gluconapin was found in the florets of cauliflower. Glucoiberverin and glucobrassicanapin contents were the highest in the stems of kohlrabi. The indolic methoxyglucobrassicin and aromatic gluconasturtiin accounted for the highest content in the florets of cauliflower. A further detailed investigation and analyses is required to discern the precise roles of each of the genes for aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in the edible organs.
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Baskar V, Park SW. Molecular characterization of BrMYB28 and BrMYB29 paralogous transcription factors involved in the regulation of aliphatic glucosinolate profiles in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. C R Biol 2015; 338:434-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thiruvengadam M, Gurunathan S, Chung IM. Physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional effects of biologically-synthesized silver nanoparticles in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L.). PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1031-46. [PMID: 25471476 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) use has been increased in recent years, which has potentially antagonistic effects on living organisms, including microbes, human, and plants. The physiological and molecular responses of AgNPs have been reported for several plants; however, the detailed mechanism of action of AgNPs is not known in turnip. Accordingly, the aim of this study was determined to evaluate the impact of AgNPs exposure in turnip seedlings at concentrations up to 10.0 mg/l. The frequency of seed germination decreased with increasing AgNPs concentration. Moreover, while exposure to 1.0 mg/l AgNPs significantly increased plant fresh biomass. The plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content were decreased at 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l AgNPs. Anthocyanin, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide levels were significantly increased with higher concentrations of AgNPs. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were significantly elevated in plants treated with higher concentrations of AgNPs. The DNA damage potential was confirmed in the experiment of DNA laddering, comet, and TUNEL assays. Consequently, the study confirms the phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potentials induced by AgNPs. Moreover, higher concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 mg/l) of AgNPs significantly induced expression of genes related to glucosinolates and phenolics biosynthesis as well as abiotic and biotic stresses whereas down-regulated the carotenoid gene expressions. To our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional responses of turnip to biologically synthesized AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143 701, Republic of Korea
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Kim YB, Chun JH, Kim HR, Kim SJ, Lim YP, Park SU. Variation of Glucosinolate Accumulation and Gene Expression of Transcription Factors at Different Stages of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings under Light and Dark Conditions. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is one of the most important leafy vegetables widely used in East Asian cuisines. The glucosinolate (GSL) accumulation and transcript levels of 7 transcription factors (Dofl.l, IQD1-1, MYB28, MYB29, MYB34, MYB51, and MYB122, and their isoforms) involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (GSLs) were analyzed at different stages of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) seedlings under light and dark conditions using high performance liquid chromatography and quantitative real time PCR. During seedling development, transcription of almost all transcription factors under light conditions was higher expressed than under dark conditions. Five aliphatic GSLs (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, and glucobrassicanapin) and four indolic GSLs (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrasscin) were detected. Total GSL contents under light conditions 6, 8, and 10 days after sowing (DAS) were 3.2-, 3.9-, and 6.9-fold higher, respectively than those of dark conditions. Interestingly, total GSL contents 2 {85.4 μmol/g dry weight (DW)} to 10 (7.74 μmol/g DW) DAS under dark conditions were gradually decreased. In this study, our results suggest that light affects the levels of GSL in Chinese cabbage seedlings. These results could be useful for obtaining cabbage varieties rich in GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Bok Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-754, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Chun
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Green Bio Research Center, Cabbage Genomics Assisted Breeding Supporting Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-754, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-754, Korea
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