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Çelik S, Kutlu N, Gerçek YC, Bayram S, Pandiselvam R, Bayram NE. Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Compounds from Bee Pollen with Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223652. [PMID: 36429245 PMCID: PMC9689732 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in green extraction methods and green solvents due to their many advantages. In this study, the effects of an ultrasonic extraction method and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the extraction of different bioactive substances from bee pollen were investigated. In this regard, the effects of process variables such as the molar ratio of the DES (1, 1.5, and 2), sonication time (15, 30, and 45 min), and ultrasonic power (90, 135 and 180 W) on total individual amino acids, total individual organic acids, and total individual phenolic compounds were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were found to be a molar ratio of 2, sonication time of 45 min, and ultrasonic power of 180 W (R2 = 0.84). Extracts obtained via the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent were evaluated as the control group. Compared with the control group, the total individual amino acid and total individual organic acid values were higher using DESs. In addition, compounds such as myricetin, kaempferol, and quercetin were extracted at higher concentrations using DESs compared to controls. The results obtained in antimicrobial activity tests showed that the DES groups had broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against all bacterial samples, without exception. However, in yeast-like fungus samples, this inhibition effect was negligibly low. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of DESs on the extraction of bioactive substances from bee pollen. The obtained results show that this innovative and green extraction technique/solvent (ultrasonic extraction/DES) can be used successfully to obtain important bioactive compounds from bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Çelik
- Technology Research and Development Application and Research Center, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
| | - Naciye Kutlu
- Department of Food Processing, Aydıntepe Vocational College, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69500, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Can Gerçek
- Centre for Plant and Herbal Products Research-Development, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Sinan Bayram
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69000, Turkey
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod 671124, India
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Nesrin Ecem Bayram
- Department of Food Processing, Aydıntepe Vocational College, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69500, Turkey
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (N.E.B.)
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Khongkarat P, Phuwapraisirisan P, Chanchao C. Phytochemical content, especially spermidine derivatives, presenting antioxidant and antilipoxygenase activities in Thai bee pollens. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13506. [PMID: 35637714 PMCID: PMC9147323 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bee pollen (BP) is full of useful nutrients and phytochemicals.Its chemical components and bioactivities depend mainly on the type of floral pollen. Methods Monofloral BP from Camellia sinensis L., Mimosa diplotricha, Helianthus annuus L., Nelumbo nucifera, Xyris complanata, and Ageratum conyzoides were harvested. Crude extraction and partition were performed to yield solvent-partitioned extracts of each BP. Total phenolic content (TPC) was assayed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the flavonoid content (FC) was measured by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Antioxidant capacity was measured by the (i) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, (ii) 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity and its Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and (iii) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). All samples were tested for lipoxygenase inhibitory (LOXI) activity. The most active sample was enriched by silica gel 60 column chromatography (SiG60-CC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), observing the chemical pattern of each fraction using thin layer chromatography. Chemical structure of the most active compound was analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Results Dichloromethane (DCM)-partitioned BP extracts of H. annuus L. and M. diplotricha (DCMMBP) showed a very high TPC, while DCMMBP had the highest FC. In addition, DCMMBP had the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (as a TEAC value), as well as FRAP value. Also, DCMMBP (60 µg/mL) gave the highest LOXI activity (78.60 ± 2.81%). Hence, DCMMBP was chosen for further enrichment by SiG60-CC and HPLC. Following this, the most active fraction showed higher antioxidant andLOXI activities with an EC50 for DPPH and ABTS of 54.66 ± 3.45 µg/mL and 24.56 ± 2.99 µg/mL (with a TEAC value of 2,529.69 ± 142.16 µmole TE/g), respectively, and a FRAP value of 3,466.17 ± 81.30 µmole Fe2+/g and an IC50 for LOXI activity of 12.11 ± 0.36 µg/mL. Triferuloyl spermidines were revealed to be the likely main active components. Conclusions TPC, FC, and spermidine derivatives played an important role in the antioxidant and antilipoxygenase activities in M. diplotricha bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanthiwa Khongkarat
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preecha Phuwapraisirisan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang W, Jin J, Xu H, Shi Y, Boersch M, Yin Y. Comparative analysis of the main medicinal substances and applications of Echium vulgare L. and Echium plantagineum L.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114894. [PMID: 34871767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Echium vulgare L. and Echium plantagineum L. originated in the Mediterranean, and were later domesticated in Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania, where they were widely used to treat many diseases including cough, urinary tract infection, fever, inflammation and muscle strain. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to provide scientific literature on the traditional uses, bioactive chemical components and pharmacological activities of two species of Echium, and to critically analyze the information provided, so as to understand the current work on these two species and explore the possible prospect of this plant in pharmaceutical research. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Prisma guidelines, and the related literatures searched on Google Academic, Science Direct, Baidu Scholars and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to June 2021 were reviewed. The key words used are: Echium, E.vulgare, E.plantagineum, plant components, chemical components, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical products and applications. Thereafter all eligible studies are analyzed and summarized in this review. The selection of manuscripts is based on the following inclusion criteria: the article has years of research or publication, is published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and Chinese, and there are keywords in the title, abstract, keywords or full text of the article. For the selection of manuscripts, first, select articles according to titles, then summarize them, and finally, analyze the full text of the publication. Elimination criteria: 1. Duplicate reports; 2. There are research design defects and poor quality; 3. Incomplete data and unclear ending effect; 4. The statistical method is wrong and cannot be corrected. RESULTS The pharmacological characteristics of E.vulgare and E.plantagineum can basically support their traditional use, but the medicinal substances contained in them are quite different in composition and content, and the development and application of corresponding products are also different. CONCLUSIONS At present, there is little clinical data about drugs related to the two species, and more research is needed in the future, especially human experiments and clinical trials, to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms based on pharmacological, biological activity and safety studies, and to provide more powerful scientific basis for their traditional medicinal properties. In addition, the further application and development of the medicinal products of E.vulgare and E.plantagineum still need to be precise and identified, so as to give full play to their medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, No.2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Ju Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Huifeng Xu
- Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, No.2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Yanling Shi
- Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, No.2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Mark Boersch
- Gold Coast Private Hospital, 15 Hill Street, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia.
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, No.7186 Weixing Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130022, China.
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Potential Activity of Abrantes Pollen Extract: Biochemical and Cellular Model Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112804. [PMID: 34829085 PMCID: PMC8624898 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the grain composition and (poly)phenolic profile of pollen from Abrantes (Portugal), as well as its antioxidative and antidiabetic properties, and abilities to protect human erythrocytes against induced hemoglobin oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and hemolysis. The phytochemical profile of the Abrantes’ bee pollen revealed twenty phenolic compounds, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with photodiode array detection. Among them, quercetin derivatives were the most abundant. Concerning the biological potential, the pollen extract showed notable capacity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals, as well as for inhibition of α-glucosidase action, and protection of human erythrocytes against oxidative damage. Non-cytotoxic effects regarding the NHDF normal cell line, human adenocarcinoma Caco-2, and human liver HepG2 cells were observed. The results obtained contributed to further research on modes of action related to oxidative damage and metabolic health problems, to generate deeper knowledge of potential health-promoting effects to develop novel pharmaceutical drugs, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements.
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Bee Products: A Representation of Biodiversity, Sustainability, and Health. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090970. [PMID: 34575119 PMCID: PMC8464958 DOI: 10.3390/life11090970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity strengthens the productivity of any ecosystem (agricultural land, forest, lake, etc.). The loss of biodiversity contributes to food and energy insecurity; increases vulnerability to natural disasters, such as floods or tropical storms; and decreases the quality of both life and health. Wild and managed bees play a key role in maintaining the biodiversity and in the recovery and restoration of degraded habitats. The novelty character of this perspective is to give an updated representation of bee products’ biodiversity, sustainability, and health relationship. The role of bees as bioindicators, their importance in the conservation of biodiversity, their ecosystem services, and the variety of the bee products are described herein. An overview of the main components of bee products, their biological potentials, and health is highlighted and detailed as follows: (i) nutritional value of bee products, (ii) bioactive profile of bee products and the related beneficial properties; (iii) focus on honey and health through a literature quantitative analysis, and (iv) bee products explored through databases. Moreover, as an example of the interconnection between health, biodiversity, and sustainability, a case study, namely the “Cellulose Park”, realized in Rome (Italy), is presented here. This case study highlights how bee activities can be used to assess and track changes in the quality of agricultural ecosystems—hive products could be valid indicators of the quality and health of the surrounding environment, as well as the changes induced by the biotic and abiotic factors that impact the sustainability of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in peri-urban areas.
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Elkwafi G, Mohamed N, Elabbar F, Alnajjar R. Flavonoid content of the Libyan Onosma Cyrenaicum: isolation, identification, electronic chemical reactivity, drug likeness, docking, and MD study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7351-7366. [PMID: 33685329 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1897046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an attempt to identify the flavonoid content of the Libyan Onosma Cyrenaicum led to the isolation of three flavonoids 7,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(GE-001), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (GE-002) and 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (GE-003), the isolated compounds were characterized using 1H and 13C-NMR techniques. A further DFT study at ωB97-XD with 6-311++G** basis set in water was conducted to calculate the isolated compounds' global and local reactivity descriptors and Fukui indices along with their antioxidant activity. The drug-likeness and bioactivity properties of the isolated compounds were estimated and discussed. Finally, GE-001, GE-002, and GE-003 were docked into HCV NS5B polymerase active siteand this was followed by molecular dynamic simulation to certify the obtained docking result and to obtain the MM-GBSA free binding energyy of the isolated compounds. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Elkwafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Najwa Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Fakhri Elabbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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From the hive to the table: Nutrition value, digestibility and bioavailability of the dietary phytochemicals present in the bee pollen and bee bread. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li QQ, Wang K, Marcucci MC, Sawaya ACHF, Hu L, Xue XF, Wu LM, Hu FL. Nutrient-rich bee pollen: A treasure trove of active natural metabolites. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Cornara L, Biagi M, Xiao J, Burlando B. Therapeutic Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Different Honeybee Products. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:412. [PMID: 28701955 PMCID: PMC5487425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees produce honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom, bee pollen, and beeswax, which potentially benefit to humans due to the bioactives in them. Clinical standardization of these products is hindered by chemical variability depending on honeybee and botanical sources, but different molecules have been isolated and pharmacologically characterized. Major honey bioactives include phenolics, methylglyoxal, royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and oligosaccharides. In royal jelly there are antimicrobial jelleins and royalisin peptides, MRJPs, and hydroxy-decenoic acid derivatives, notably 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, metabolic syndrome preventing, and anti-aging activities. Propolis contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester and artepillin C, specific of Brazilian propolis, with antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Bee venom consists of toxic peptides like pain-inducing melittin, SK channel blocking apamin, and allergenic phospholipase A2. Bee pollen is vitaminic, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory plant phenolics, as well as antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and hypoglycemic flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, and sterols. Beeswax is widely used in cosmetics and makeup. Given the importance of drug discovery from natural sources, this review is aimed at providing an exhaustive screening of the bioactive compounds detected in honeybee products and of their curative or adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cornara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di GenovaGenova, Italy
| | - Marco Biagi
- Unità Operativa di Biologia Farmaceutica, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di SienaSiena, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of MacauTaipa, Macau
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di GenovaGenova, Italy
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Woźniakowski MM, Sławiński MA, Wawryk-Gawda E, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Bee pollen in allergy and immunology. Short review. HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Bee pollen is a natural resource - pollen collected by bees and stored in the beehive with various bee enzymes added as it is a mixture of plants pollen and bee saliva. It is rich source of various nutrients, among them exogenous amino acids. Therefore, it can be a good and natural dietary supplement. New possibilities for bee pollen usage arise every day, yet it can also be a threat. Although bee pollen can act as an immunostimulant and anti-allergic agent, it is also and maybe even primarily allergic or cross-reactive with many allergens. A number of bee pollen allergy cases was described worldwide. A caution is therefore needed before ingestion or any other form of administration, especially in case of children or individuals with atopic predispositions. Anti-allergic attributes and immunostimmulation ability still need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K. Zarobkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit Medical University of Lublin Radziwiłłowska 11 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Woźniakowski
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit Medical University of Lublin Radziwiłłowska 11 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław A. Sławiński
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit Medical University of Lublin Radziwiłłowska 11 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit Medical University of Lublin Radziwiłłowska 11 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit Medical University of Lublin Radziwiłłowska 11 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Korinek M, Chen KM, Jiang YH, El-Shazly M, Stocker J, Chou CK, Hwang TL, Wu YC, Chen BH, Chang FR. Anti-allergic potential of Typhonium blumei: Inhibition of degranulation via suppression of PI3K/PLCγ2 phosphorylation and calcium influx. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1706-1715. [PMID: 27912872 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivadasan (Araceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb possessing detumescent, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory activities. It is used in Taiwan as a folk medicine to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. Typhonium blumei is usually not distinguished from Typhonium roxburghii Schott and they are commonly used interchangeably. PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties of T. blumei and T. roxburghii, their composition profiles and molecular basis of the anti-allergic effect. METHODS The methanolic plant extracts were partitioned with different solvents to obtain the nonpolar fractions. The anti-allergic activity of the nonpolar fractions was assessed by A23187- and antigen-induced degranulation assays using RBL-2H3 mast cells. Several molecular targets were investigated: FcεRI receptor expression by flow cytometry, calcium influx by live cells imaging fluorescent microscopy, cytokines mRNA expression by RT-PCR, and protein expression by Western blotting. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using superoxide anion and elastase release assays in human neutrophils. TLC, NMR and GC-MS analyses were conducted to evaluate the chemical composition of the fractions. RESULTS The nonpolar fractions of both Typhonium species showed potent inhibitory activity in A23187-induced degranulation assay in RBL-2H3 cells. They also inhibited superoxide production and elastase release in human neutrophils. T. blumei nonpolar fractions inhibited antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase and histamine release. The nonpolar fractions of T. blumei significantly inhibited calcium influx upon activation with either A23187 or an antigen. The fractions did not affect FcεRI receptor expression, mRNA level of IL-4 and MCP-1 cytokine production or MAPK proteins expression, but did suppress the calcium signaling pathway via PI3K/PLCγ2. The active fractions were rich in fatty acids with palmitic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids identified as the major fatty acids in both plants. The content of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids was higher in T. roxburghii nonpolar fractions compared to T. blumei. CONCLUSION Both species possess potent anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. The inhibition of degranulation in mast cells was attributed to calcium influx modulation. The obtained results support the traditional use of T. blumei in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as its substitution with T. roxburghii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Ming Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Han Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Joel Stocker
- Education Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chon-Kit Chou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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Farag SA, El-Rayes T. Effect of Bee-pollen Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Traits and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.168.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dong J, Gao K, Wang K, Xu X, Zhang H. Cell Wall Disruption of Rape Bee Pollen Treated with Combination of Protamex Hydrolysis and Ultrasonication. Food Res Int 2015; 75:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bárbara MS, Machado CS, Sodré GDS, Dias LG, Estevinho LM, de Carvalho CAL. Microbiological Assessment, Nutritional Characterization and Phenolic Compounds of Bee Pollen from Mellipona mandacaia Smith, 1983. Molecules 2015; 20:12525-44. [PMID: 26184138 PMCID: PMC6332351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the microbiological parameters and the chemical composition of 21 samples of stingless bee pollen (Melipona mandacaia) from two regions of Bahia, Brazil (João Dourado and Uibaí), with particular emphasis on the nutritional value, total phenols and flavonoids and fatty acids composition. Regarding the microbiological quality, the studied microorganisms (moulds and yeasts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., psychrotrophic and sulfite-reducing Clostridia) were absent in all samples. On the other hand, the values obtained for the aerobic mesophilic microorganism ranged from 11.0 ± 1.0 to 1.32 ± 1.2 cfu∙g-1 (JD samples) and from 282 ± 3.82 to 688 ± 10.1 cfu∙g-1 (U samples). The nutritional parameters (moisture, ash, water activity, pH, total acidity, protein, fiber, total phenolic, flavonoids and reducing sugars) were within the stipulated by law, except for pH and moisture content, which presented superior and inferior values, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (54.1%) were significantly higher than saturated (42.18%) and monounsaturated (3.71%). It was found that the bee pollen is safe from the microbiological point of view and has a good nutritional quality. The influence of the geographical origin on the assessed parameters was evident, especially concerning the fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marivalda Santa Bárbara
- Grupo de Pesquisa Insecta, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Cerilene Santiago Machado
- Grupo de Pesquisa Insecta, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Geni da Silva Sodré
- Grupo de Pesquisa Insecta, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luís G Dias
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
- Centro de Química-Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Leticia M Estevinho
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa Insecta, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.
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Sousa C, Moita E, Valentão P, Fernandes F, Monteiro P, Andrade PB. Effects of colored and noncolored phenolics of Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen in Caco-2 cells under oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2083-2091. [PMID: 25642978 DOI: 10.1021/jf505568h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bee pollen is used as a dietary supplement, being promoted as a health food. Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen fractions enriched in flavonols (fraction I) or anthocyanins (fraction II) and the whole extract were characterized by HPLC-DAD. Both in the whole extract and in fraction II seven flavonols and five anthocyanins were identified, while fraction I contained six flavonols (in higher levels than fraction II) and small amounts of petunidin-3-O-rutinoside. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated in Caco-2 cells under oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Fraction I pre-exposure imparted a tendency to protect cells, while fraction II and the whole extract aggravated t-BHP toxicity at some concentrations. The protective effects seem to be correlated with the levels of total glutathione, while no correlation between cellular viability and reactive species was seen. The extracts displayed no significant effect on antioxidant enzymes activity. Overall, anthocyanins seem to abrogate the antioxidant potential of flavonoid-rich extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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