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Jin C, Wang L, Liu X, Lu Y, Yu N, Nie X, Ye Q, Meng X. Health oil preparation from gardenia seeds by aqueous enzymatic extraction combined with puffing pre-treatment and its properties analysis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:2043-2055. [PMID: 37860735 PMCID: PMC10581964 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, a representative for "homology of medicine and food", can be used to produce pigment and edible oil. Here, aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) combined with puffing pre-treatment was explored to prepare oil from gardenia seeds. Both wet-heating puffing (WP) at 90 °C and dry-heating puffing (DP) at 1.0 MPa facilitated the release of free oil by AEE, resulting in the highest free oil yields (FOY) of 21.8% and 23.2% within 3 h, much higher than that of un-puffed group. Additionally, active crocin and geniposide were also completely released. The FOY obtained was much higher than mechanical pressing method (10.44%), and close to solvent extraction (25.45%). Microstructure analysis indicated that gardenia seeds expanded by dry-heating puffing (1.0 MPa) had a larger, rougher surface and porous structure than other groups. Overall, AEE coupled with puffing pre-treatment developed is an eco-friendly extraction technology with high efficiency that can be employed to oil preparation. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01319-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Qin Ye
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015 Zhejiang China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Road Chaowang, District Gongshu, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
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2
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Jin C, Zongo AWS, Du H, Lu Y, Yu N, Nie X, Ma A, Ye Q, Xiao H, Meng X. Gardenia ( Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) fruit: a critical review of its functional nutrients, processing methods, health-promoting effects, comprehensive application and future tendencies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37882781 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2270530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Gardenia fruit (GF) is the mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, boasting a rich array of nutrients and phytochemicals. Over time, GF has been extensively utilized in both food and medicinal contexts. In recent years, numerous studies have delved into the chemical constituents of GF and their associated pharmacological activities, encompassing its phytochemical composition and health-promoting properties. This review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive summary of GF research, covering nutrient content, extraction technologies, and potential health benefits, offering new avenues for future investigations and highlighting its potential as an innovative food resource. Additionally, the review proposes novel industrial applications for GF, such as utilizing gardenia yellow/red/blue pigments in the food industry and incorporating it with other herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. By addressing current challenges in developing GF-related products, this work provides insights for potential applications in the cosmetics, food, and health products industries. Notably, there is a need for the development of more efficient extraction methods to harness the nutritional components of GF fully. Further research is needed to understand the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivities. Exploring advanced processing techniques to create innovative GF-derived products will show great promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ashton Ma
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Phillips Academy Andover, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Qin Ye
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen J, Tang W, Li C, Kuang D, Xu X, Gong Y, Liu F, Gao S. Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular basis of flavonoid accumulation in fructus of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:588. [PMID: 37794356 PMCID: PMC10548582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruits of Gardenia are rich in flavonoids and geniposides, which have various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of gardenia peel and kernel at different growth stages, revealed the regulatory network related to flavonoid synthesis, and identified the key regulatory genes. RESULTS The results showed that in terms of flavonoid metabolic pathways, gardenia fruits mainly synthesized cinnamic acid through the phenylpropanoid pathway, and then synthesized flavonoids through the action of catalytic enzymes such as 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and flavanol synthase, respectively. In addition, we found that the metabolomics data showed a certain spatial and temporal pattern in the expression of genes related to the flavonoid metabolism pathway and the relative content of metabolites, which was related to the development and ripening process of the fruit. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study successfully screened out the key genes related to the biosynthesis metabolism of flavonoids in gardenia through the joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. This is of certain significance to the in-depth study of the formation mechanism of gardenia efficacy components and the improvement of quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Weizhuo Tang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding Kuang
- Hunan Yangli Agriculture and Forestry Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Yueyang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Gong
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.
| | - Song Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Ren L, Zhang H, Tao W, Xue W, Chen Y, Zou Z, Guo X, Shen Q, Wang W, Jiang H, Tang J, Feng Q, Chen G. Hippocampal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide mediates rapid antidepressant-like effects of Yueju pill. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102350. [PMID: 37285664 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yueju pill, a classic Chinese Medicine formulated, was recently found to produce rapid antidepressant-like effects in a PKA-CREB signaling-dependent manner. In our study, we found that the Yueju pill induced a remarkable increase in PACAP. The intracerebroventricular injection of PACAP agonist induced a rapid antidepressant-like effect; conversely, the intrahippocampal infusion of a PACAP antagonist reversed the antidepressant response of the Yueju pill. Mice with hippocampal PACAP knockdown via viral-mediated RNAi displayed depression-like behavior. PACAP knockdown also blunted the antidepressant effect of the Yueju pill. PACAP knockdown resulted in down-regulated CREB and expression of the synaptic protein PSD95 at both baselines and after administration of the Yueju pill. However, administration of the Yueju pill in the knockdown mice promoted PACAP and PKA levels. Chronically stressed mice showed deficient hippocampal PACAP-PKA-CREB signaling and depression-like behavior, which were reversed by a single dose of the Yueju pill. In this study, we demonstrated that the up-regulation of PACAP induced activating of PKA-CREB signaling would play a part in the rapid antidepressant-like effects of the Yueju pill. We also identified iridoids fraction of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJ-IF), a vital component of the Yueju pill, was identified to recapitulate rapid antidepressant-like behavior through increased hippocampal PACAP expression of the Yueju pill. The promotion of hippocampal PACAP may collectively represent a novel mechanism of rapid antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders & School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenda Xue
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for Brain Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhilu Zou
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for Brain Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinqin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for Brain Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for Brain Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haitang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders & School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Choi PG, Park SH, Nirmala FS, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Hahm JH, Seo HD, Ahn J, Ha T, Jung CH. Geniposide-Rich Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Fruit Extract Increases Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1108-1115. [PMID: 36821434 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human life span has been markedly extended since the 1900s, but it has not brought healthy aging to everyone. This increase in life expectancy without an increase in healthspan is a major global concern that imposes considerable health care budgets and degrades the quality of life of older adults. Dietary interventions are a promising strategy to increase healthspan. In this study, we evaluated whether a Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit ethanol extract (GFE) increases the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Treatment with 10 mg/mL GFE increased the life span by 27.1% when compared to the vehicle group. GFE (10 mg/mL) treatment improved healthspan-related markers (pharyngeal pumping, muscle quality, age-pigment, and reactive oxygen species accumulation) and exerted a protective effect against amyloid β 1-42 toxicity. These effects of GFE are related to the inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling and activation of SKN-1/Nrf, thereby promoting the expression of stress resistance-related genes. In addition, treatment with 10 mM geniposide, the most abundant component of GFE, improved healthspan-related markers and increased life span by 18.55% when compared to the vehicle group. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GFE and its component geniposide increase the life span along with healthspan in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeong Geun Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Farida S Nirmala
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Soo Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Taeyoul Ha
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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6
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Nogami T, Iwasaki K, Kimura H, Higashi T, Arai M, Butler JP, Fujii M, Sasaki H. Traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang improves behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and favourable positive emotions in patients. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:503-511. [PMID: 37005070 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are challenging to manage, leading to caregiver burden and often to subsequent transfer of patients to a nursing home or psychiatric hospital for treatment. Eliciting favourable positive emotions should be an important goal in the treatment of negative emotions associated with BPSD. To date, no data have indicated that antipsychotic medications can improve positive emotions. BPSD are known to be associated with anxiety in patients with dementia. The traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang is officially indicated and approved for anxiety treatment in Japan. METHODS Here, we performed a multicentre, randomised, observer-blind control study of the effect of Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang on BPSD in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Patients with AD or AD with cerebral vascular disease were randomly divided into the Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang treatment group and the control group that received no traditional Chinese medicine. BPSD were scored using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home Version (NPI-NH) and by favourable positive emotions using the Delightful Emotional Index (DEI). RESULTS A total of 63 participants (18 male and 45 female; mean age: 83.3 ± 6.0 years) were included in the study. Changes in NPI-NH scores differed significantly between the two groups (one-way analysis of variance, P < 0.001). Within the treatment group, there was a significant improvement in the NPI-NH score from 29.8 ± 17.3 at baseline to 13.2 ± 9.4 at the endpoint (paired t-test, P < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant change in the control group. Changes in DEI scores differed significantly between the two groups. Within the treatment group, there was a significant improvement in the DEI score from 24.3 ± 23.0 at baseline to 32.5 ± 21.2 at the endpoint (paired t-test, P = 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant change in the control group. CONCLUSION The traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang significantly improved both BPSD and positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nogami
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Kimura
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Sakurajyuji Hospital, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Toru Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Ainohanazono Hospital, Ibaragi City, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara City, Japan
| | - James P Butler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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DURAK F, AYDIN A, SÖKMEN M. Optimization of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of Opoponax essential oil (C. erythraea). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2023. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1093888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oil of Opoponax (Commiphora erythraea) was extracted by means of steam distillation and supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) extraction. Experiments were performed using a Clevenger-type apparatus. On the other hand, SFE-CO2 runs were carried out using OCOLABS extraction unit at the operating conditions of 150, 200, and 250 bars and within temperature range from 50 to 65 °C. Other extraction parameters such as particle size and extraction period were also investigated in order to validate their effect on the processes and the oil yield. The extraction yields were almost similar (2.46%) for the optimized SFE-CO2 at 250 bar, 65 oC, and 2 hr, and 2.45% for the steam distillation. Our findings confirmed that the grinding of the material (particle size), pressure, and temperature had an important effect on the SFE-CO2 extraction process. GC/MS analyses revealed that major compounds, namely α-santalene, α and β-bisabolone, and trans-alpha-bergamotene were of similar quantities except for ocimene. α-Santalene concentration was 7.15% for steam distillation and 15.32% for SFE-CO2 at the abovementioned conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih DURAK
- MG International Fragrance Company Research and Development Laboratory
| | - Aydın AYDIN
- MG International Fragrance Company Research and Development Laboratory
| | - Münevver SÖKMEN
- KONYA FOOD AND AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING-ARCHITECTURE
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Ren L, Zhang H, Tao W, Chen Y, Zou Z, Guo X, Shen Q, Feng Q, Hu J. The Rapid and Long-Lasting Antidepressant Effects of Iridoid Fraction in Gardenia Jasminoides J.Ellis Are Dependent on Activating PKA-CREB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896628. [PMID: 35754496 PMCID: PMC9213885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lag periods of therapeutic efficacy cause poor compliance of patients, which has made solutions for rapid antidepressants the most urgent need in the depression study field at present. We have identified through our previous studies the rapid antidepressant effects of the traditional herb Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis [Rubiaceae] (GJ) and its standardized fractions. Through screening different fractions of GJ, we decided to place our focus on the iridoid fraction of GJ (GJ-IF). Methods: 1. Tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and novelty suppressed-feeding test (NSFT) were performed in sequence on mice after GJ-IF administration. 2. Mice in the model group were under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 3 w. After GJ-IF treatment, mice were placed in an open field test (OFT), Sucrose preference test (SPT), NSFT, TST, and FST. 3. Western Blot was performed to examine the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Synapsin 1, cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA), phosphorylated cyclic-AMP responsive element-binding protein (p-CREB), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). 4. Mice in the test group were administrated with GJ-IF after intraperitoneal injection of PKA blocker H89. Results: 1. GJ-IF treatment significantly reduced the immobility time of TST at 1 d and FST at 26 h. 2. GJ-IF reversed the deficits induced by 3 w CUMS in SPT, TST, FST, and NSFT at 1 d and 26 h. The antidepressant effects of a single dose of iridoid fraction could also last for at least 14 d. 3. The results of molecule studies suggested that a single dose of GJ-IF activated p-CREB at 2 h and the PKA-CREB pathway at 1 d. The expression of BDNF did not significantly change from 30 min to 1 d after GJ-IF administration. 4. Blockade of PKA-CREB signaling pathway reversed the antidepressant effects of GJ-IF at 1 d, but not 30 min and 2 h. Conclusion: GJ-IF is the crucial component in the rapid antidepressant of GJ. Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of GJ-IF were dependent on activating the PKA-CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders and School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilu Zou
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - XiaoYan Guo
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinqin Shen
- Basic Teaching and Research Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqing Hu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhang H, Sun Y, Yau SY, Zhou Y, Song X, Zhang HT, Zhu B, Wu H, Chen G. Synergistic effects of two natural compounds of iridoids on rapid antidepressant action by up-regulating hippocampal PACAP signaling. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4078-4091. [PMID: 35362097 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current mainstream antidepressants have limited efficacy and a delayed onset of action. Yueju is a traditional herbal medicine conferring rapid antidepressant activity. Here we attempted to identify the effective compounds from Yueju and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A transcriptomic analysis was employed to discover key candidate molecules for rapid antidepressant response. The enriched compounds in Yueju were identified with HPLC. Antidepressant effects were evaluated periodically using various behavioral paradigms. The mechanistic signaling was assessed using site-directed pharmacological intervention or optogenetic manipulation. KEY RESULTS A transcriptomic analysis revealed that Yueju up-regulated pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression in the hippocampus. Two iridoids geniposide (GP) and shanzhiside methyl-ester (SM) were enriched in Yueju. Co-treatment of GP and SM each at an equivalent dose in Yueju synergistically increased PACAP expression and elicited rapid antidepressant effects, which were prevented by intra-hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) infusions of a PACAP antagonist or optogenetic inactivation of PACAP-expressing neurons. GP-SM co-treatment rapidly reduced CaMKII phosphorylation and enhanced mTOR/4EBP1/P70S6k/BDNF signaling, while intra-DG infusions of a CaMKII activator blunted rapid antidepressant effects and BDNF expression up-regulation induced by GP-SM co-treatment. A single administration of GP-SM rapidly improved depression-like behaviors and up-regulated hippocampal PACAP signaling in the repeated corticosterone-induced depression model, further confirming its rapid antidepressant action and the involvement of PACAP. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS GP-SM co-treatment elicited a synergistic effect on rapid antidepressant effects via triggering hippocampal PACAP activity and associated CaMKII-BDNF signaling, shedding lights on the development of novel targeted antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders & School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders & School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanmeng Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, the Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Boran Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine & College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders & School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Departments of Psychiatry & Clinical and Translational Institute of Psychiatric Disorders, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neurogeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Chyau CC, Chiu CY, Hsieh HL, Hsieh DWC, Hsieh CR, Chang CH, Peng RY. High-Purity Preparation of Enzyme Transformed Trans-Crocetin Reclaimed from Gardenia Fruit Waste. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:281. [PMID: 35161261 PMCID: PMC8839004 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of physiologically bioactive ingredients from agricultural wastes as an abundant and low-cost source for the production of high value-added mutraceuticlas has been recognized and supported for the commercial interests and sustainable managements. In the extraction of geniposide for the development of natural food colorants from the dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Rubiaceae, the gardenia fruit waste (GFW) still remaining 0.86% (w/w) of crocins has always been discarded without any further treatments Until now, there was no simple and effective protocol for high-purity trans-crocein (TC) preparation without the coexistence of non-biologically active cis-crocein from GFW. We proposed an effective process to obtain the compound as follows. Crocins were extracted firstly by 50% of ethanol in the highest yield of 8.61 mg/g (w/w) from GFW. After the HPD-100 column fractionation in the collecting of crocins, the conversion ratio of 75% of crocins to crocetins can be obtained from the commercial available enzyme- Celluclast® 1.5 L. The crocins hydrolyzed products, were then separated through the HPD-100 resin adsorption and finally purified with the centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) in single-step to obtain TC in a purity of 96.76 ± 0.17%. Conclusively, the effective enzyme transformation and purification co-operated with CPC technologies on crocins resulted in a high purity product of TC may be highly application in the commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chu-Ying Chiu
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Hung-Lin Hsieh
- Day Spring Biotech Co., Ltd., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (D.W.-C.H.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - David Wang-Chi Hsieh
- Day Spring Biotech Co., Ltd., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (D.W.-C.H.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - Chong-Ru Hsieh
- Day Spring Biotech Co., Ltd., Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (H.-L.H.); (D.W.-C.H.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - Chi-Huang Chang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-H.C.)
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11
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Fan Y, Li X, Ding L, Zhou W, Xu G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ni Q. Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Gardeniae Fructus and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and PC12 Cell Protective Activities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112805. [PMID: 34829086 PMCID: PMC8622743 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae fructus is a common neuroprotective medicinal food in China, however the extraction efficiency and mixture activities are rarely mentioned. In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) parameters were optimized by a response surface methodology to extract antioxidants from Gardeniae fructus. Neuroprotective activity was evaluated using H2O2 and amyloid-β25–35 peptide-treated PC12 cells. By comparing with three other extract methods (i.e., heated refluxing extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)), it was found that the yield (35.10%), total iridoids (27.69%), total flavonoid (6.12%) content, antioxidant activities (IC50 on DPPH, 164.46 µg/mL; FRAP value 4703.54 μmol/L), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory ability (IC50 92.58 µg/mL) of ASE extract under the optimal condition (150 °C temperature, 10 min static time, 60% ethanol, 2 extract cycles) were significantly higher than other extract methods. The strongest ability to protect PC12 cells from damage was also present in ASE extract, as evidenced by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, elevating superoxide dismutase and glutathioneperoxidase activities. Compositional analysis indicated that the extremely high crocetin level in ASE extract (1.30 μg/mg) may offer great potential. Our results indicated that ASE is a proper extraction method that could offer great potential for finding the neuroprotective ability of Gardeniae fructus for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Fan
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xueying Li
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lan Ding
- Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Youzuo Zhang
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qinxue Ni
- Food and Health College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.F.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (G.X.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15858191911
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12
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Pan Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Tan J, Chen DX. Metabolomics integrated with transcriptomics reveals the distribution of iridoid and crocin metabolic flux in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256802. [PMID: 34506519 PMCID: PMC8432746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (G. jasminoides) fruits are used as a resource for obtaining natural colorants and in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, G. jasminoides presents a relatively long flowering period and different ripening periods, so there are significant differences in the accumulation of metabolites in fruits of different colors. In addition, the complete metabolic pathways of iridoidsand crocins, which are used as medicinal composition of G. jasminoides, are poorly understood at present. In this research, we comprehensively compared the transcriptome and metabolites profiles of the developmental stages and locations of iridoid and crocin biosynthesis. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected in four groups of samples, and clear variation in the pattern of metabolite abundance and gene expression were observed among different fruit colors and parts. Geniposide and gardenoside mainly accumulated in the sarcocarp of green fruit (GFS) and the sarcocarp of red fruit (FS), respectively. Crocin mainly accumulated in the peel and sarcocarp of red fruits. In the iridoid pathway, we hypothesized that there was a transport mechanism from the sarcocarp to the peel of G. jasminoides because of the inconsistent expression of G8O, 10-HGO and IS associated with differences in fruit ripening. UGTs play an important role in the biosynthesis of the active components of G. jasminoides. Combined transcriptome and metabonomics analysis showed a negative correlation between the biosynthesis of geniposide and crocin. The redirection of the metabolic flux and the regulation of key enzymes may be the main reasons for the changes in the biosynthesis of iridoid and crocin in G. jasminoides fruit. Our study expended valuable information for functional genomic library and provided new insights for metabolic engineering of secondary metabolite in G. Jasminoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Subcenter of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Subcenter of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Subcenter of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Subcenter of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-xia Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Subcenter of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Xia B, Huang X, Sun G, Tao W. Iridoids from Gardeniae fructus ameliorates depression by enhancing synaptic plasticity via AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113665. [PMID: 33307051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardeniae fructus is a traditional Chinese herb which exerts antidepressant effect. However, its effective constituent and potential mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine whether iridoids, a type of monoterpenoids from Gardeniae fructus (IGF), exerts antidepressant effect by enhancing synaptic plasticity via AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant effect of IGF (15 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg; 45 mg/kg) was investigated in spatial restraint stress (SRS)-induced mice. The expression levels of AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling and synaptic proteins were measured by Western blot, dendritic spine density was observed in Golgi staining. AMPA receptor (AMPAR) inhibitor NBQX and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin were employed to determine the roles of AMPAR and mTOR signaling in IGF-induced antidepressant effects. RESULTS After IGF administration, the expression of the AMPA glutamate receptor Glutamate Receptor 1 (GluA1) was inhibited in SRS mice. We also observed a trend toward the up-regulation of the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase, p70 ribosomal protein S6K (P70S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). The protein levels of Synapsin-1 and PSD-95 were decreased after SRS challenge, along with declined dendritic spine density, which were all reversed with IGF treatment. Furthermore, the treatment efficacy of IGF were blocked with AMPA receptor inhibitor NBQX or mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin. CONCLUSION IGF exerted antidepressive-like effects by stimulating AMPAR-mTOR signaling regulated synaptic plasticity enhancement. This work provided an important basis for developing IGF and Gardeniae fructus as potential anti-depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xia
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangda Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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HS-SPME and SDE combined with GC-MS and GC-O for characterization of flavor compounds in Zhizhonghe Wujiapi medicinal liquor. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109590. [PMID: 33233196 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Volatile compounds in Chinese medicinal liquor, Zhizhonghe Wujiapi (WJP liquor), were extracted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), respectively, and identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Results showed that a total of 133 volatile compounds (i.e., 99 by HS-SPME, 67 by SDE, and 33 by both) including esters, alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, furans, terpenes, and other miscellaneous compounds were identified by GC-MS. A total of 66 aroma active compounds were further recognized by GC-O, and 43 of them were confirmed as key aroma compounds owing to their high OAV values. After making a simulated reconstitute by mixing 31 characterized aroma compounds (OAVs ≥ 1) based on their measured concentrations, the aroma profile of the reconstitute showed a good similarity to the aroma of the original WJP liquor. Omission test further corroborated 25 key aroma-active compounds in the WJP liquor. The analysis of the volatile components of this special Chinese medicinal liquor is expected to provide some insights in terms of its quality improvement and aroma profile optimization.
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15
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Choi JW, Jeong JH, Jo IJ, Kim DG, Shin JY, Kim MJ, Choi BM, Shin YK, Song HJ, Bae GS, Park SJ. Preventive Effects of Gardenia jasminoides on Cerulein-Induced Chronic Pancreatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:987-1003. [PMID: 32431181 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous report revealed that Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) has protective effects against acute pancreatitis. So, we examined whether aqueous extract of GJ has anti-inflammation and antifibrotic effects even against cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis (CP). CP was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of a stable cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue, cerulein, six times a day, four days per week for three weeks. GJ extract (0.1 or 1[Formula: see text]g/kg) or saline (control group) were intraperitoneally injected 1[Formula: see text]h before first cerulein injection. After three weeks of stimulation, the pancreas was harvested for the examination of several fibrotic parameters. In addition, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were isolated using gradient methods to examine the antifibrogenic effects of GJ. In the cerulein-induced CP mice, the histological features of the pancreas showed severe tissue damage such as enlarged interstitial spaces, inflammatory cell infiltrate and glandular atrophy, and tissue fibrosis. However, treatment of GJ reduced the severity of CP such as pancreatic edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, treatment of GJ increased pancreatic acinar cell survival, and reduced pancreatic fibrosis and activation of PSC in vivo and in vitro. In addition, GJ treatment inhibited the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in the PSCs. These results suggest that GJ attenuated the severity of CP and the pancreatic fibrosis by inhibiting JNK and ERK activation during CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Choi
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Jeong
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Division of Beauty Sciences, Wonkwang University School of Natural Sciences, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yeon Shin
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kook Shin
- Major in Integrated Oriental Medical Bioscience, College of Health Biotechnology, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Department of Herbology, Wonkwang University School of Korean Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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16
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Li KD, Wang QS, Zhang WW, Zhang WY, Fu SN, Xu D, Wu JR, Zhai JB, Cui YL. Gardenia fructus antidepressant formula for depression in diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2020; 48:102248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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17
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Polis AJ, Fitzgerald PJ, Hale PJ, Watson BO. Rodent ketamine depression-related research: Finding patterns in a literature of variability. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112153. [PMID: 31419519 PMCID: PMC6783386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Discovering that the anesthetic drug ketamine has rapidly acting antidepressant effects in many individuals with major depression is one of the most important findings in clinical psychopharmacology in recent decades. The initial report of these effects in human subjects was based on a foundation of rodent preclinical studies carried out in the 1990s, and subsequent investigation has included both further studies in individuals with depression, as well as reverse translational experiments in animal models, especially rodents. While there is general agreement in the rodent literature that ketamine has rapidly-acting, and generally sustained, antidepressant-like properties, there are also points of contention across studies, including the precise mechanism of action of this drug. In this review, we briefly summarize prominent yet variable findings regarding the mechanism of action. We also discuss a combination of similarities and variances in the rodent literature in the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine as a function of dose, species and strain, test, stressor, and presumably sex of the experimenter. We then present previously unpublished mouse strain comparison data suggesting that subanesthetic ketamine does not have robust antidepressant-like properties in unstressed animals, and may actually promote depression-like behavior, in contrast to widely reported findings. We conclude that the data best support the notion of ketamine action principally via NMDA receptor antagonism, transiently boosting glutamatergic (and possibly other) signaling in diverse brain circuits. We also suggest that future studies should address in greater detail the extent to which antidepressant-like properties of this drug are stress-sensitive, in an effort to better model major depression present in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Polis
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America
| | - Paul J Fitzgerald
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America
| | - Pho J Hale
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America
| | - Brendon O Watson
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5720, United States of America.
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18
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Shang YF, Zhang YG, Cao H, Ma YL, Wei ZJ. Comparative study of chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of Zhizi fruit extracts from different regions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02853. [PMID: 31872106 PMCID: PMC6909061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis are folk medicines in China and their major components are geniposide and water soluble pigment crocins. This study compared the chemical profiles and free radical scavenging activities of two Zhizi species from five provinces of China, including Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan and Henan. The results showed that Jiangxi Zhizi contained higher levels of volatiles (71.84%), crocins (20.38 mg/g), geniposide (31.36 mg/g) and flavonoids (84.42 μg quercetin/mg) than four other Zhizi fruits; whereas Hunan Zhizi provided higher total phenolics (33.81 μg catechin/mg) and ABTS/DPPH radical scavenging activities. These findings implied that Jiangxi Zhizi would be suitable for extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide, as well as preparation of essential oil. This information may provide valuable guidance for application of Zhizi fruits to biomedicine industry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Shang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.,Postdoctoral Workstation of Chuzhou University, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Yi-Ge Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Heng Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yi-Long Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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19
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Ruan J, Liu L, Shan X, Xia B, Fu Q. Anti-depressant effects of oil from fructus gardeniae via PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190141. [PMID: 30940777 PMCID: PMC6487269 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was usually applied as an herb medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It was suggested that the Gardenia jasminoides oil extract (oil from Fructus Gardeniae [OFG]) might serve as a potential treatment for depression, whereas its pathogenesis still remained not fully understood. The present research was conducted to evaluate the anti-depressive effect of OFG in mice and explore its potential mechanism. The OFG and ketamine (KET) were intragastrically and intraperitoneally treated, respectively. Thereafter, the animals were subjected to the behavior tests. The expressions of protein kinase A (PKA), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus were detected by Western blot. The selective PKA inhibitor H-89 was also applied to confirm the mechanism. As a result, OFG and KET treatment improved the behavior performance. Furthermore, the administrations of OFG effectively enhanced the expressions of PKA, p-CREB, and BDNF. With the application of selective PKA inhibitor H-89, the ameliorated effects caused by OFG were blocked, but not by KET. In conclusion, the presented work indicated that OFG-exerted protective effect on depression through PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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20
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Cui Y, Wang Q, Wang M, Jia J, Wu R. Gardenia Decoction Prevent Intestinal Mucosal Injury by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:180. [PMID: 30983991 PMCID: PMC6447716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which belongs to the Rubiaceae family, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Although effect of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has been widely reported, its anti-inflammatory role in intestinal mucosal injury induced by LPS remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of decoction extracted from Gardenia jasminoides on the morphology and intestinal antioxidant capacity of duodenum induced by LPS in mice. Further analysis was carried out in the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was determined by Western blot. Gardenia jasminoides water extract was qualitative analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro spray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that Gardenia decoction markedly inhibited the LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1 production. It was also observed that Gardenia decoction attenuated duodenum histopathology changes in the mouse models. Furthermore, Gardenia decoction inhibited the expression of NF-κB in LPS stimulated mouse duodenum. These results suggest that Gardenia decoction exerts an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property by up-regulating the activities of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Gardenia decoction is highly effective in inhibiting intestinal mucosal damage and may be a promising potential therapeutic reagent for intestinal mucosal damage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Junfeng Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Wang C, Duan Z, Fan L, Li J. Supercritical CO₂ Fluid Extraction of Elaeagnus mollis Diels Seed Oil and Its Antioxidant Ability. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050911. [PMID: 30841628 PMCID: PMC6429187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO₂) was used to extract oil from Elaeagnus mollis Diels (E. mollis Diels) seed and its antioxidant ability was also investigated. The effect of extraction pressure (20⁻35 MPa), extraction temperature (35⁻65 C), extraction time (90⁻180 min) and seed particle size (40⁻100 mesh) on the oil yield were studied. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield. Based on the optimum conditions, the maximum yield reached 29.35% at 30 MPa, 50 C, 150 min, 80 mesh seed particle size and 40 g/min SF-CO2 flow rate. The E. mollis Diels seed (EDS) oil obtained under optimal SF-CO2 extraction conditions had higher unsaturated fatty acid content (91.89%), higher vitamin E content (96.24 ± 3.01 mg/100 g) and higher total phytosterols content (364.34 ± 4.86 mg/100 g) than that extracted by Soxhlet extraction (SE) and cold pressing (CP) methods. The antioxidant activity of the EDS oil was measured by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging test. EDS oil extracted by different methods exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidant ability, with IC50 values of no significant differences. Based on the results of correlation between bioactive compounds, lupeol and -tocopherol was the most important antioxidant in EDS oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Wang
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
| | - Liuping Fan
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Wang Y, Feng F. Evaluation of the Hepatotoxicity of the Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction by Combining UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS-Based Metabolomics and HPLC-MS/MS-Based Geniposide Tissue Distribution. Molecules 2019; 24:E511. [PMID: 30708983 PMCID: PMC6384998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) becoming widespread globally, its safety has increasingly become a concern, especially its hepatoxicity. For example, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a key ingredient in the Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHPD), which is a commonly-used clinically combined prescription of TCM that may induce hepatoxicity. However, the underlying toxicity mechanism of ZZHPD is not fully understood. In this study, a plasma metabolomics strategy was used to investigate the mechanism of ZZHPD-induced hepatotoxicity through profiling entire endogenous metabolites. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups, which were orally administered with 0.9% saline, as well as 2.7 g/kg/day, 8.1 g/kg/day, or 27 g/kg/day of ZZHPD for 30 consecutive days, respectively. Biochemical assay and metabolomics assay were used to detect serum and plasma samples, whilst histopathological assay was used for detecting liver tissues, and the geniposide distribution in tissues was simultaneously measured. The results showed that the concentration of 20 metabolites linked to amino acid, lipid, and bile acid metabolism had significant changes in the ZZHPD-treated rats. Moreover, toxic effects were aggravated with serum biochemical and histopathological examines in liver tissues as the dosage increased, which may be associated with the accumulation of geniposide in the liver as the dosage increased. Notably, our findings also demonstrated that the combined metabolomics strategy with tissue distribution had significant potential for elucidating the mechanistic complexity of the toxicity of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Satyannarayana S, Anjaneyulu B, Neeharika TS, Prasanna Rani KN, Chakrabarti PP. Process optimization for the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2) extraction of wheat germ oil with respect to yield, and phosphorous and tocol contents using a Box Behnken design. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2018. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction technique has emerged as one of the best possible alternatives to organic solvent (hexane) extraction. However, very limited information is available on process optimization for this extraction technique and the lack of available engineering data is causing the slow growth of this technique. In the present investigation, SC-CO2 extraction was carried out to extract the oil from wheat germ under various operating conditions and the oil samples were characterized for properties such as phosphorous and tocol contents (vitamin E). A three-level Box Behnken design from response surface methodology was applied to optimize the SC-CO2 extraction parameters such as pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate with an objective to obtain high oil yield, rich tocol contents and low phosphorous content. The process parameters were maintained between 30 to 50 MPa, 40 to 60 °C and a flow rate of 10 to 30 g·min-1 in a Box Behnken design matrix. Three different second order polynomial models were obtained for oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents with high R2 values. The optimum conditions were found to be 50 M Pa, 60 °C and 30 g·min-1 where the predicted oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents were found to be 8.87%, 31.86 mg·Kg-1 and 2059.92 mg·Kg-1 respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the experimental oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents obtained were found to be very close to the values predicted by the model.
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Saravanakumar K, Chelliah R, Shanmugam S, Varukattu NB, Oh DH, Kathiresan K, Wang MH. Green synthesis and characterization of biologically active nanosilver from seed extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 185:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ren L, Chen G. Rapid antidepressant effects of Yueju: A new look at the function and mechanism of an old herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:226-232. [PMID: 28347831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yueju is a traditional herbal medicine which consists of five herbs and formulated to treat depression-related syndromes 800 years ago. Yueju is still widely prescribed to treat conditions which include digestive dysfunction and depression. Recently, Yueju has been shown to promote a fast-onset antidepressant effect clinically and in preclinical studies. Because conventional antidepressants have a delayed onset in treating depression, the novelty of Yueju's rapid antidepressant effect and its underlying mechanism are of great significance both clinically and scientifically. AIM OF THE STUDY To review the use of Yueju for treatment of mood-related syndromes, and particularly its use in depression. To evaluate recent evidence of Yueju rapid antidepressant actions, based on new findings at behavioral and molecular levels. To suggest direction for future studies to address further scientific issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reports regarding to the history and current use of Yueju are summarized. Recent progress on rapid antidepressant effects of Yueju, the crucial constituent, Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis (GJ) and other herbs, are reviewed. RESULTS The medical need for rapid antidepressant actions, as well as breakthrough findings using ketamine and its limitations are introduced. Studies with Yueju using a number of acute, subacute and chronic behavioral paradigms are compared with ketamine. Findings from clinical reports also support the rapid action of Yueju. Studies examine the contribution of the constituent herb GJ, in rapid antidepressant effects. Importantly, research into the mechanism of Yueju or GJ's antidepressant response indicate the importance of up-regulation in the neural circuit responsible for antidepressant activity, and highlight common and specific molecular signaling by Yueju that may explain why this herb formula has unique antidepressant activity. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that Yueju confers rapid antidepressant effects. The common mechanisms shared both for ketamine and Yueju, as well as the novel mechanism specific to Yueju are examined. Yueju and GJ may have great clinic applicability and further more detailed studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Center for Translational Systems and Neuroscience, and Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems and Neuroscience, and Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Xiao W, Li S, Wang S, Ho CT. Chemistry and bioactivity of Gardenia jasminoides. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:43-61. [PMID: 28911543 PMCID: PMC9333430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardenia jasminoides, grown in multiple regions in China, was commonly used as a natural yellow dye but has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property a few decades ago. It has been reported that G. jasminoides possess multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic effect, inhibition of inflammation, antidepression activity, and improved sleeping quality. In this review, our aim was to have a comprehensive summary of its phytochemistry including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of volatiles and bioactive molecules in G. jasminoides, focusing on the two major phytochemicals, genipin and crocin, which possess potent medicinal properties. Furthermore, this study attempted to establish a structure–activity relationship between the two major series of molecules with two pharmcophores and their biological activities, which would serve further exploration of the properties of phytocompounds in G. jasminoides as potential functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei,
China
- Pharmacy of Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan,
China
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei,
China
- Corresponding authors: Shiming Li, Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 43800, China. Chi-Tang Ho, Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. E-mail addresses: (S. Li), (C.-T. Ho)
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,
USA
- Corresponding authors: Shiming Li, Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 43800, China. Chi-Tang Ho, Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. E-mail addresses: (S. Li), (C.-T. Ho)
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Neurobiology of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Major Depressive Disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:77-95. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ren L, Tao W, Zhang H, Xue W, Tang J, Wu R, Xia B, Wu H, Chen G. Two standardized fractions of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with rapid antidepressant effects are differentially associated with BDNF up-regulation in the hippocampus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:66-73. [PMID: 27108051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJ) is one of the five constituents of Yueju pill, a Traditional Chinese Medicine for treatment of syndromes associated with mood disorders. Recently, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that Yueju pill confers rapid antidepressant effects. GJ is identified as the constituent primary for Yueju pill's rapid antidepressant effects. GJ's antidepressant action is temporally associated with up-regulated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. The present study aimed to identify chemical fractions responsible for the rapid antidepressant efficacy of GJ and its association with BDNF signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four fractions of GJ were extracted using standardized procedure. The four fractions were screened for rapid antidepressant potential, using the behavioral paradigm of forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) assessed at 24h post a single administration. A single dose of the putatively effective fractions was further tested in mice exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS), followed with a comprehensive behavioral testing including TST, FST, sucrose preference test (SPT), and novelty suppressed-feeding (NSF). To test the association of BDNF signaling with rapid antidepressant effects of effective factions, the expressions of BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus were assessed at different times post a single administration of effective fractions. RESULTS Both petroleum ether (GJ-PE) and n-butyl alcohol fraction (GJ-BO) fractions of GJ displayed rapid antidepressant potential in the FST. In the TST, the antidepressant effects of GJ-PE lasted for a longer time than GJ-BO. Acute administration of either GJ-PE or GJ-BO significantly reversed the behavioral deficits in the tests of TST, FST, SPT and NSF in chronically stressed mice, confirming both fractions conferred rapid antidepressant efficacy. Interestingly, GJ-PE, but not GJ-BO, increased the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus post a single administration. CONCLUSION Two standardized fractions GJ-PE and GJ-BO exhibited comparable rapid antidepressant-like effects on the CMS mice. However, only the effects of GJ-PE was associated with BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenda Xue
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruyan Wu
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang X, Jiang Y, Hu D. Optimization and in vitro antiproliferation of Curcuma wenyujin's active extracts by ultrasonication and response surface methodology. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:32. [PMID: 27186236 PMCID: PMC4868111 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcuma wenyujin, a member of the genus Curcuma, has been widely prescribed for anti-cancer therapy. Multiple response surface optimization has attracted a great attention, while, the research about optimizing three or more responses employing response surface methodology (RSM) was very few. Results RSM and desirability function (DF) were employed to get the optimum ultrasonic extraction parameters, in which the extraction yields of curdione, furanodienone, curcumol and germacrone from C. wenyujin were maximum. The yields in the extract were accurately quantified using the validated high performance liquid chromatography method with a good precision and accuracy. The optimization results indicated that the maximum combined desirability 97.1 % was achieved at conditions as follows: liquid–solid ratio, 8 mL g−1; ethanol concentration, 70 % and ultrasonic time, 20 min. The extraction yields gained from three verification experiments were in fine agreement with those of the model’s predictions. The surface morphologies of the sonication-treated C. wenyujin were loose and rough. The extract of C. wenyujin presented obvious antiproliferative activities against RKO and HT-29 cells in vitro. Conclusion Response surface methodology was successfully applied to model and optimize the ultrasonic extraction of four bioactive components from C. wenyujin for antiproliferative activitiy.. ![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-016-0177-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Daode Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
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Kumar P, Yadav D, Kumar P, Panesar PS, Bunkar DS, Mishra D, Chopra HK. Comparative study on conventional, ultrasonication and microwave assisted extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:2047-53. [PMID: 27413233 PMCID: PMC4926917 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In present study, conventional, ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction methods were compared with the aim of optimizing best fitting solvent and method, solvent concentration and digestion time for high yield of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. Petroleum ether, hexane and methanol were used to prepare extracts. Extraction yield were evaluated for giving high crude oil yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and γ-oryzanol content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry was used for the determination of γ-oryzanol concentration. The highest concentration of γ-oryzanol was detected in methanolic extracts of microwave treatment (85.0 ppm) followed by ultrasonication (82.0 ppm) and conventional extraction method (73.5 ppm). Concentration of γ-oryzanol present in the extracts was found to be directly proportional to the total phenolic content. A combination of 80 % methanolic concentration and 55 minutes digestion time of microwave treatment yielded the best extraction method for TPC and thus γ-oryzanol (105 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- />Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
- />Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Devbrat Yadav
- />Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- />Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Paramjeet Singh Panesar
- />Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Durga Shankar Bunkar
- />Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Diwaker Mishra
- />Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - H. K. Chopra
- />Dairy Technology Division, SRS, National Dairy Research Institute, Adagodi, Bangluru 530030 India
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Liu JL, Li LY, He GH. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Five Major Bioactive Compounds from Flos Sophorae Immaturus (Cultivars of Sophora japonica L.) Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2016; 21:296. [PMID: 26950107 PMCID: PMC6274464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction was applied to extract rutin; quercetin; genistein; kaempferol; and isorhamnetin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Six independent variables; namely; solvent type; particle size; extraction frequency; liquid-to-solid ratio; microwave power; and extraction time were examined. Response surface methodology using a central composite design was employed to optimize experimental conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio; microwave power; and extraction time) based on the results of single factor tests to extract the five major components in Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. Data were also analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction solvent; 100% methanol; particle size; 100 mesh; extraction frequency; 1; liquid-to-solid ratio; 50:1; microwave power; 287 W; and extraction time; 80 s. A rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (EIS-Q-TOF MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of rutin; quercetin; genistein; kaempferol; and isorhamnetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Kinetex C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 2.6 μm) at 40 °C within 5 min. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile (71:29; v/v). Isocratic elution was carried out at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. The constituents of Flos Sophorae Immaturus were simultaneously identified by EIS-Q-TOF MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. During quantitative analysis; all of the calibration curves showed good linear relationships (R² > 0.999) within the tested ranges; and mean recoveries ranged from 96.0216% to 101.0601%. The precision determined through intra- and inter-day studies showed an RSD% of <2.833%. These results demonstrate that the developed method is accurate and effective and could be readily utilized for the comprehensive quality control of Flos Sophorae Immaturus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Liu
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica (Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources), Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing 400065, China.
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Long-Yun Li
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica (Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources), Chongqing Sub-Center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing 400065, China.
| | - Guang-Hua He
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Wang X, Jiang Y, Hu D. Antiproliferative activity of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton extract using ultrasonic assistance and response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:19-31. [PMID: 26914409 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1155061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of curdione, furanodienone, curcumol, and germacrone from Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Val.) and investigate the antiproliferative activity of the extract. Under the suitable high-performance liquid chromatography condition, the calibration curves for these four tested compounds showed high levels of linearity and the recoveries of these four compounds were between 97.9 and 104.3%. Response surface methodology (RSM) combining central composite design and desirability function (DF) was used to define optimal extraction parameters. The results of RSM and DF revealed that the optimum conditions were obtained as 8 mL g-1 for liquid-solid ratio, 70% ethanol concentration, and 20 min of ultrasonic time. It was found that the surface structures of the sonicated herbal materials were fluffy and irregular. The C. phaeocaulis Val. extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of RKO and HT-29 cells in vitro. The results reveal that the RSM can be effectively used for optimizing the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive components from C. phaeocaulis Val. for antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ying Jiang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Daode Hu
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai General Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Tang J, Xue W, Xia B, Ren L, Tao W, Chen C, Zhang H, Wu R, Wang Q, Wu H, Duan J, Chen G. Involvement of normalized NMDA receptor and mTOR-related signaling in rapid antidepressant effects of Yueju and ketamine on chronically stressed mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13573. [PMID: 26315757 PMCID: PMC4551989 DOI: 10.1038/srep13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yueju, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, exhibited fast-onset antidepressant responses similar to ketamine. This study focused on assessing the rapid and persistent antidepressant efficacy of Yueju and ketamine in chronically stressed mice and its association with alternations in prefrontal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related activity. Chronic mild stress (CMS) led to deficits in sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test, tail suspension test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test, which were improved differently by acute Yueju or ketamine administration. The improvement in SPT started as soon as 2 hours post Yueju and ketamine but lasted for 6 days only by Yueju. Body weight was regained by Yueju more than ketamine at post-drug administration day (PAD) 6. CMS decreased phosphorylation of the mTOR effectors 4E-BP1 and p70S6K, their upstream regulators ERK and Akt, and downstream targets including synaptic protein GluR1. Yueju or ketamine reversed these changes at PAD 2, but only Yueju reversed phosphor-Akt at PAD 6. CMS selectively and lastingly increased NMDA receptor subunit NR1 expression, which was reversed by ketamine or Yueju at PAD 2 but only by Yueju at PAD 6. These findings suggest that NR1 and Akt/mTOR signaling are important therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Tang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Physiology Research Section, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenda Xue
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Ren
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruyan Wu
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qisheng Wang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine of Brain Diseases, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Ding L, Zhang X, Guo H, Yuan J, Li S, Hu W, Golden T, Wu N. The Functional Study of a Chinese Herbal Compounded Antidepressant Medicine--Jie Yu Chu Fan Capsule on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133405. [PMID: 26186537 PMCID: PMC4506077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Jie Yu Chu Fan capsule (JYCF) is a new compounded Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of depression. The present study was designed to explore the antidepressant effects and the possible mechanisms of JYCF by using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model and comparing results to that of fluoxetine. Behavioral tests including an open field test, sucrose preference test and forced swim test were performed to evaluate the antidepressant effects of JYCF. The concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolic products including norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice were determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). The results show that a successful mouse CUMS model was established through 5 weeks of continuous unpredictable stimulation, as indicated by the significant decrease in sucrose preference and locomotor activity and increase in immobility time in the forced swim test. Chronic treatment of JYCF (1.25, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) and fluoxetine (20mg/kg) significantly reversed the CUMS-induced behavioral abnormalities. JYCF (1.25, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) significantly increased NE in CUMS mouse prefrontal cortex (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05 respectively) and 5-HT in hippocampus (P < 0.05). In summary, our findings suggest that JYCF exerts comparable antidepressant-like effects to that of fluoxetine in CUMS mice. Besides, the antidepressant-like effect of JYCF is mediated by the increase of monoaminergic transmitters including 5-HT and NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Teresa Golden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Rapid Antidepressant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Is Associated with Upregulation of BDNF Expression in the Hippocampus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:761238. [PMID: 25878718 PMCID: PMC4387974 DOI: 10.1155/2015/761238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol extract of Yueju pill, a Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal formula widely used to treat mood disorders, demonstrates rapid antidepressant effects similar to ketamine, likely via instant enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Here we investigated ethanol extracts of the constituent herbs of Yueju responsible for rapid antidepressant effects. Screening with tail suspension test in Kunming mice at 24 hours after a single administration of five individual constituent herbs of Yueju, we found that only Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJ) showed a significant effect. The antidepressant response started at 2 hours after GJ administration. Similar to Yueju and ketamine, a single administration of GJ significantly reduced the number of escape failures in the learned helplessness test. Furthermore, GJ decreased latency of food consumption in the novelty suppressed-feeding test. Additionally, starting from 2 hours and continuing for over 20 hours after GJ administration, BDNF expression in the hippocampus was upregulated, temporally linked with the antidepressant response. These findings suggest that GJ has rapid antidepressant effects, which are associated with the elevated expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In Yueju formula, Yue represents GJ, as thus our study demonstrates the primary role of GJ in rapid antidepressant efficacy of Yueju.
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