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López-Bascón MA, Moscoso-Ruiz I, Quirantes-Piné R, del Pino-García R, López-Gámez G, Justicia-Rueda A, Verardo V, Quiles JL. Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Granada (Spain) and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Action. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4878. [PMID: 38732097 PMCID: PMC11084348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The olive oil sector is a fundamental food in the Mediterranean diet. It has been demonstrated that the consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with a high content of phenolic compounds is beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of many diseases. The main objective of this work was to study the relationship between the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of EVOOs from two PDOs in the province of Granada. To this purpose, the amounts of phenolic compounds were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays. The main families identified were phenolic alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The EVOO samples with the highest total concentration of compounds and the highest inhibitory activity belonged to the Picual and Manzanillo varieties. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between identified compounds and AChE and COX-2 inhibitory activity, except for lignans. These results confirm EVOO's compounds possess neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción López-Bascón
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional (CIDAF), Avda. Del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.A.L.-B.)
| | - Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional (CIDAF), Avda. Del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.A.L.-B.)
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Raquel del Pino-García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional (CIDAF), Avda. Del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.A.L.-B.)
| | - Gloria López-Gámez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional (CIDAF), Avda. Del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.A.L.-B.)
| | - Andrea Justicia-Rueda
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional (CIDAF), Avda. Del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.A.L.-B.)
| | - Vito Verardo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Alimento Funcional (CIDAF), Avda. Del Conocimiento, 37, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.A.L.-B.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Pishgouii F, Lotfi S, Sedaghati E. Anti-AChE and Anti-BuChE Screening of the Fermentation Broth Extracts from Twelve Aspergillus Isolates and GC-MS and Molecular Docking Studies of the Most Active Extracts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5199-5216. [PMID: 37129742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the administration of cholinesterase enzyme (acetylcholinesterase: AChE and butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE) inhibitors is very common for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease and the other forms of dementia and CNS disorders. In this paper, the anti-AChE and anti-BuChE activities of the fermentation broth ethyl acetate extracts from twelve Aspergillus isolates were evaluated by Ellman method. The results showed that A1 (Aspergillus flavus) and A5 (Aspergillus tubingensis, isolate 1) extracts with IC50 values of 46.77 μg/mL and 75.85 μg/mL possess the greatest ability to inhibit AChE and BuChE, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extracts (A1 and A5) demonstrated that two alkaloids named 14-methyl-16-azabicyclo[10.3.1]hexadeca-1(15),12(16),13-triene (MAHT) and 6-chloro-2-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-phenanthridine (CMTP) account for the highest percentage of A1 (26.95%) and A5 (25.5%) extracts, respectively. A 2-pyrazoline derivative, 5-hydroxy-3-(4-pyridinyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxyacetyl)- (PHPTT), also constituted the high percentage (9.54%) of A5 extract. The anticholinesterase and neuroprotective effects of some 2-pyrazoline derivatives have been previously reported. The interaction study of MAHT with human AChE and CMTP and PHPTT with human BuChE using molecular docking indicated that these alkaloids bind to the active site gorge of the enzymes with high affinity. The best docking scores of MAHT, CMTP, and PHPTT were -7.1, -8.2, and -9.7 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pishgouii
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Safa Lotfi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Sedaghati
- Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Nicoletti R, Andolfi A, Becchimanzi A, Salvatore MM. Anti-Insect Properties of Penicillium Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1302. [PMID: 37317276 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In connection with their widespread occurrence in diverse environments and ecosystems, fungi in the genus Penicillium are commonly found in association with insects. In addition to some cases possibly implying a mutualistic relationship, this symbiotic interaction has mainly been investigated to verify the entomopathogenic potential in light of its possible exploitation in ecofriendly strategies for pest control. This perspective relies on the assumption that entomopathogenicity is often mediated by fungal products and that Penicillium species are renowned producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Indeed, a remarkable number of new compounds have been identified and characterized from these fungi in past decades, the properties and possible applications of which in insect pest management are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Salvatore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Zhao Y, Shen A, Hao X, Li M, Hou L, Li Z, Duan R, Du M, Li X, Wang X, Zhao X, Yang Y. Ultrasensitivity Detecting AChE through "Covalent Assembly" and Signal Amplification Strategic Approaches and Applied to Screen Its Inhibitor. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4503-4512. [PMID: 36812425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitivity detecting assay for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was developed based on "covalent assembly" and signal amplification strategic approaches. After hydrolyzing thioacetylcholine by AChE and participation of thiol in a self-inducing cascade accelerated by the Meldrum acid derivatives of 2-[bis(methylthio) methylene] malonitrile (CA-2), mercaptans triggered an intramolecular cyclization assembly by the probe of 2-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-5-(diethylamino) phenyl 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (Sd-I) to produce strong fluorescence. The limit of detection for AChE activity was as low as 0.0048 mU/mL. The detection system also had a good detecting effect on AChE activity in human serum and could also be used to screen its inhibitors. By constructing a Sd-I@agarose hydrogel with a smartphone, a point-of-care detection of AChE activity was achieved again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengwen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lala Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruochen Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Man Du
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunxu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Tiwari P, Kang S, Bae H. Plant-endophyte associations: Rich yet under-explored sources of novel bioactive molecules and applications. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang Wang Xu Yang Shu XP, Wang JH. CoOOH nanosheets ensure ratiometric fluorescence assay of acetylcholinesterase. Talanta 2022; 249:123664. [PMID: 35700646 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets (CoOOH) with peroxidase-like activity provide a promising probe for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensing through a ratiometric fluorescence strategy. Fluorescence of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) at 457 nm was quenched by CoOOH on account of inner-filter effect (IFE). Meanwhile, the nonfluorescent o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was catalytically oxidized to 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) by CoOOH nanosheets with emission at 572 nm. The acetylcholine (ATCh) was catalytically hydrolyzed by AChE to enzymatic thiocholine (TCh), which decomposed CoOOH to Co2+, recovered the fluorescence of SiQDs and reduced the emission of oxOPD. Fluorescence ratio at F457/F572 serves as signal output for AChE detection within 5 × 10-5-0.05 and 0.05-10 U mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.2 × 10-5 U mL-1. The sensing strategy was applied for AChE assay in human blood and erythrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Xiao Y, Liang W, Liu D, Zhang Z, Chang J, Zhu D. Isolation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of asterric acid derivatives produced by Talaromyces aurantiacus FL15, an endophytic fungus from Huperzia serrata. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:60. [PMID: 35186657 PMCID: PMC8817963 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the fourth leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease, tumors, and stroke. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, which are based on cholinergic damage, remain the mainstream drugs to alleviate AD-related symptoms. This study aimed to explore novel AChE inhibitors produced by the endophytic fungus FL15 from Huperzia serrata. The fungus was identified as Talaromyces aurantiacus FL15 according to its morphological characteristics and ITS, 18S rDNA, and 28S rDNA sequence analysis. Subsequently, seven natural metabolites were isolated from strain FL15, and identified as asterric acid (1), methyl asterrate (2), ethyl asterrate (3), emodin (4), physcion (5), chrysophanol (6), and sulochrin (7). Compounds 1-3, which possess a diphenyl ether structure, exhibited highly selective and moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 66.7, 23.3, and 20.1 μM, respectively. The molecular docking analysis showed that compounds 1-3 interacted with the active catalytic site and peripheral anionic site of AChE, and the esterification substitution groups at position 8 of asterric acid may contribute to its bioactivity. The asterric acid derivatives showed highly selective and moderate AChE inhibitory activities, probably via interaction with the peripheral anionic site and catalytic site of AChE. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first report of the AChE inhibitory activity of asterric acid derivatives, which opens new perspectives for the design of more effective derivatives that could serve as a drug carrier for new chemotherapeutic agents to treat AD. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03125-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Weizhong Liang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - De Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chang
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022 Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013 China
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Endophytic Fungi: Key Insights, Emerging Prospects, and Challenges in Natural Product Drug Discovery. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020360. [PMID: 35208814 PMCID: PMC8876476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated endophytes define an important symbiotic association in nature and are established bio-reservoirs of plant-derived natural products. Endophytes colonize the internal tissues of a plant without causing any disease symptoms or apparent changes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in endophytes because of their beneficial effects on the production of novel metabolites of pharmacological significance. Studies have highlighted the socio-economic implications of endophytic fungi in agriculture, medicine, and the environment, with considerable success. Endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of well-known metabolites includes taxol from Taxomyces andreanae, azadirachtin A and B from Eupenicillium parvum, vincristine from Fusarium oxysporum, and quinine from Phomopsis sp. The discovery of the billion-dollar anticancer drug taxol was a landmark in endophyte biology/research and established new paradigms for the metabolic potential of plant-associated endophytes. In addition, endophytic fungi have emerged as potential prolific producers of antimicrobials, antiseptics, and antibiotics of plant origin. Although extensively studied as a “production platform” of novel pharmacological metabolites, the molecular mechanisms of plant–endophyte dynamics remain less understood/explored for their efficient utilization in drug discovery. The emerging trends in endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of novel bioactive metabolites, success stories of key pharmacological metabolites, strategies to overcome the existing challenges in endophyte biology, and future direction in endophytic fungi-based drug discovery forms the underlying theme of this article.
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Tan J, Zhang X, Fang J, Shen H, Ding X, Zheng G. UHPLC With On-Line Coupled Biochemical Detection for High Throughput Screening of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Coptidis Rhizoma and Cortex Phellodendri. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:433-439. [PMID: 34664067 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new on-line method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with biochemical detection (UHPLC-BCD) to screen acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in complex matrixes. Chromatography separation was performed using an Xtimate UHPLC C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) and a gradient elution with methanol-0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.08 mL/min. The BCD was based on a colorimetric method using Ellman's reagent, and the detection wavelength was at 405 nm. Galanthamine was used as a positive reference to validate the methodology. The detection and quantitation limits of the UHPLC-BCD method were 0.018 and 0.060 μg, respectively. A functional equation was generated in terms of the negative peak area (X) and galanthamine concentration (Y, μg/mL). The regression equation was Y = 0.0028X2 + 0.4574X + 50.7776, R2 = 0.9993. UHPLC-fourier-transform mass spectrometry detection results revealed that five alkaloids showed obvious AChE inhibitory activities including coptisin, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, berberine and palmatine. The relative AChE inhibitory activities of jatrorrhizine, berberine and palmatine in the Coptidis Rhizoma sample were equal to that of 257.0, 2355 and 283.9 μg/mL of galanthamine, respectively. This work demonstrated that the UHPLC-BCD method was convenient and feasible, and could be widely used for the screening and activity evaluation of the bioactive components in the complex extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.,Engineering Research Center for Drug Qualltiy Control, Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan 430075, PR China
| | - Xueqiong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jiangji Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huadan Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Ding
- Engineering Research Center for Drug Qualltiy Control, Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan 430075, PR China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
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He N, Yu L, Xu M, Huang Y, Wang X, Chen L, Yue S. Near-infrared fluorescent probe for evaluating the acetylcholinesterase effect in the aging process and dietary restriction via fluorescence imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2623-2630. [PMID: 33666613 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), as a natural intervention, not only benefits the neuroendocrine system, but also has an antiaging action. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most important bioactive substances and plays a major part in choline changes in the aging process. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effect of DR on AChE in the brains of aging animals. In this study, we synthesize a NIR fluorescent probe BD-AChE for the real-time and in situ monitoring of AChE level changes in living cells and living mice, notably in brains. In situ visualization with BD-AChE verified a decrease in the AchE level in the brains of mice aging models. Evidently, the prepared probe has the excellent capability of measuring AChE variation in the brains of aging mice with DR via NIR fluorescence bioimaging, indicating that long-term DR can effectively affect AChE levels in the brain. The attenuation of AChE level in the brain of aging mice after DR could be helpful in infering the advantageous impact of DR on age-related neurodegenerative disease, as a better treatment alternative in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheelo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Chakrabarty S, Romero EO, Pyser JB, Yazarians JA, Narayan ARH. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1374-1384. [PMID: 33600149 PMCID: PMC8210581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of structurally complex natural products has challenged and inspired generations of chemists and remains an exciting area of active research. Despite their history as privileged bioactivity-rich scaffolds, the use of natural products in drug discovery has waned. This shift is driven by their relatively low abundance hindering isolation from natural sources and the challenges presented by their synthesis. Recent developments in biocatalysis have resulted in the application of enzymes for the construction of complex molecules. From the inception of the Narayan lab in 2015, we have focused on harnessing the exquisite selectivity of enzymes alongside contemporary small molecule-based approaches to enable concise chemoenzymatic routes to natural products.We have focused on enzymes from various families that perform selective oxidation reactions. For example, we have targeted xyloketal natural products through a strategy that relies on a chemo- and site-selective biocatalytic hydroxylation. Members of the xyloketal family are characterized by polycyclic ketal cores and demonstrate potent neurological activity. We envisioned assembling a representative xyloketal natural product (xyloketal D) involving a biocatalytically generated ortho-quinone methide intermediate. The non-heme iron (NHI) dependent monooxygenase ClaD was used to perform the benzylic hydroxylation of a resorcinol precursor, the product of which can undergo spontaneous loss of water to form an ortho-quinone methide under mild conditions. This intermediate was trapped using a chiral dienophile to complete the total synthesis of xyloketal D.A second class of biocatalytic oxidation that we have employed in synthesis is the hydroxylative dearomatization of resorcinol compounds using flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FDMOs). We anticipated that the catalyst-controlled site- and stereoselectivity of FDMOs would enable the total synthesis of azaphilone natural products. Azaphilones are bioactive compounds characterized by a pyranoquinone bicyclic core and a fully substituted chiral carbon atom. We leveraged the stereodivergent reactivity of FDMOs AzaH and AfoD to achieve the enantioselective synthesis of trichoflectin enantiomers, deflectin 1a, and lunatoic acid. We also leveraged FDMOs to construct tropolone and sorbicillinoid natural products. Tropolones are a structurally diverse class of bioactive molecules characterized by an aromatic cycloheptatriene core bearing an α-hydroxyketone moiety. We developed a two-step biocatalytic cascade to the tropolone natural product stipitatic aldehyde using the FDMO TropB and a NHI monooxygenase TropC. The FDMO SorbC obtained from the sorbicillin biosynthetic pathway was used in the concise total synthesis of a urea sorbicillinoid natural product.Our long-standing interest in using enzymes to carry out C-H hydroxylation reactions has also been channeled for the late-stage diversification of complex scaffolds. For example, we have used Rieske oxygenases to hydroxylate the tricyclic core common to paralytic shellfish toxins. The systemic toxicity of these compounds can be reduced by adding hydroxyl and sulfate groups, which improves their properties and potential as therapeutic agents. The enzymes SxtT, GxtA, SxtN, and SxtSUL were used to carry out selective C-H hydroxylation and O-sulfation in saxitoxin and related structures. We conclude this Account with a discussion of existing challenges in biocatalysis and ways we can currently address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chakrabarty
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Evan O. Romero
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joshua B. Pyser
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica A. Yazarians
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Mišković J, Karaman M, Rašeta M, Krsmanović N, Berežni S, Jakovljević D, Piattoni F, Zambonelli A, Gargano ML, Venturella G. Comparison of Two Schizophyllum commune Strains in Production of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants from Submerged Cultivation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020115. [PMID: 33557141 PMCID: PMC7913866 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fungi have been recognized as producers of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, agents important for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to examine the AChE inhibitory, the antioxidative and antibacterial activity of two different Schizophyllum commune strains that originated from Serbia (SRB) and Italy (IT). Submerged cultivation of grown mycelia (M) and fermentation broth (F) of ethanol (EtOH) and polysaccharide (PSH) extracts lasted for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. For AChE activity Ellman method was performed, while for antioxidative activity, sevendifferent assays were conducted: DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOA, OH, NO together with total phenolic content. Antimicrobial screen, LC–MS/MS technique and FTIR measurements were performed. Different isolates exhibited different AChE activity, with PSH being the strongest (SRB, M, 28 days IC90 79.73 ± 26.34 µg/mL), while in EtOH extracts, IT stood out (F, 14 days, IC50 0.8 ± 0.6 µg/mL). PSH extracts (7 days) exhibit significant antioxidative activity (AO), opposite to EtOH extracts where 14 and 21days periods stood out. Only tw extracts showed antibacterial activity. Following LC–MS/MS analysis p-hydroxybenzoic and gallic acids were the most abundant phenolics. PSH extracts demonstrated remarkable results, making this study debut and introducing S. commune as a valuable resource of AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Mišković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, TrgDositejaObradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Maja Karaman
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, TrgDositejaObradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Nenad Krsmanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, TrgDositejaObradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Sanja Berežni
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Dragica Jakovljević
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Federica Piattoni
- Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment (GenoDream), Department Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Zambonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Letizia Gargano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Venturella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Via delle Scienze, Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
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13
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Singh A, Singh DK, Kharwar RN, White JF, Gond SK. Fungal Endophytes as Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Prospective Applications in Natural Product Drug Discovery: Insights, Avenues, and Challenges. Microorganisms 2021; 9:197. [PMID: 33477910 PMCID: PMC7833388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are well-established sources of biologically active natural compounds with many producing pharmacologically valuable specific plant-derived products. This review details typical plant-derived medicinal compounds of several classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, lignans, phenylpropanoids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, and xanthones that are produced by endophytic fungi. This review covers the studies carried out since the first report of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic Taxomyces andreanae in 1993 up to mid-2020. The article also highlights the prospects of endophyte-dependent biosynthesis of such plant-derived pharmacologically active compounds and the bottlenecks in the commercialization of this novel approach in the area of drug discovery. After recent updates in the field of 'omics' and 'one strain many compounds' (OSMAC) approach, fungal endophytes have emerged as strong unconventional source of such prized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dheeraj K. Singh
- Department of Botany, Harish Chandra Post Graduate College, Varanasi 221001, India
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Surendra K. Gond
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
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14
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Toghueo RMK, Sahal D, Boyom FF. Recent advances in inducing endophytic fungal specialized metabolites using small molecule elicitors including epigenetic modifiers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112338. [PMID: 32179305 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Today when the quest of new lead molecules to supply the development pipeline is driving the course of drug discovery, endophytic fungi with their outstanding biosynthetic potential seem to be highly promising avenues for natural product scientists. However, challenges such as the production of inadequate quantities of compounds, the attenuation or loss of ability of endophytes to produce the compound of interest when grown in culture and the inability of fungal endophytes to express their full biosynthetic potential in laboratory conditions have been the major constraints. These have led to the application of small chemical elicitors that induce epigenetic changes in fungi to activate their silent gene clusters optimizing the amount of metabolites of interest or inducing the synthesis of hitherto undescribed compounds. In this respect small molecular weight compounds which are known to function as inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and proteasome have proven their efficacy in enhancing or inducing the production of specialized metabolites by fungi. Moreover, organic solvents, metals and plants extracts are also acknowledged for their ability to cause shifts in fungal metabolism. We highlight the successful studies from the past two decades reporting the ability of structurally diverse small molecular weight compounds to elicit the production of previously undescribed metabolites from endophytic fungi grown in culture. This mini review argues in favor of chemical elicitation as an effective strategy to optimize the production of fungal metabolites and invigorate the pipeline of drug discovery with new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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15
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Zaki AG, El-Sayed ESR, Abd Elkodous M, El-Sayyad GS. Microbial acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's therapy: recent trends on extraction, detection, irradiation-assisted production improvement and nano-structured drug delivery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4717-4735. [PMID: 32285176 PMCID: PMC7223626 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are significantly threatening the public health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are compounds of great interest which can be used as effective agents for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Although plants are considered the largest source for these types of inhibitors, the microbial production of AChE inhibitors represents an efficient, easily manipulated, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and alternative approach. This review highlights the recent advances on the microbial production of AChE inhibitors and summarizes all the previously reported successful studies on isolation, screening, extraction, and detecting methodologies of AChE inhibitors from the microbial fermentation, from the earliest trials to the most promising anti-AD drug, huperzine A (HupA). In addition, improvement strategies for maximizing the industrial production of AChE inhibitors by microbes will be discussed. Finally, the promising applications of nano-material-based drug delivery systems for natural AChE inhibitor (HupA) will also be summarized. Key Points • AChE inhibitors are potential therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. • Microorganisms as alternate sources for prospective production of such inhibitors. • Research advances on extraction, detection, and strategies for production improvement. • Nanotechnology-based approaches for an effective drug delivery for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira G Zaki
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - El-Sayed R El-Sayed
- Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan.,Center for Nanotechnology (CNT), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nile University, Sheikh Zayed, Giza, 16453, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Lab, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt. .,Chemical Engineering Department, Egyptian Armed Forces, Military Technical College (MTC), Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Jaradat N, Adwan L, Zaid AN, K’aibni S, Arar M. Composition, Anticholinesterase and Antipedicular Activities of Satureja capitata L. Volatile Oil. Open Life Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe emergence of resistance for antipedicular agents and the need of potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) therapeutics for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer disease has led researchers to the exploration of new therapeutic alternatives such as natural volatile oils. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to identify the components of Satureja capitata L. volatile oil (VO), and examine the VO anticholinesterase, and antipedicular activities. The plant phytoconstituents were identified using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, while the anticholinesterase activity was determined against butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterase using Ellman’s method. In addition, antipedicular activity was established using the diffusion method. The obtained GC-MS results identified 16 compounds in S. capitata VO with the major constituents being carvacrol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene. Anticholinesterase analysis showed a marked inhibition potential against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 28.24±0.97 μg/ml and 92.31±1.22 μg/ml, respectively in comparison with the reference compound galantamine, which has IC50 values against the same enzymes of 5.21±0.07 μg/ml and 10.33±0.37 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the VO, at a concentration of 20%, was effective against head lice, similar to benzyl benzoate, which resulted in 100% mortality. In addition, the VO completely inhibited the emergence of lice nits after 6 and 14 days. On the basis of the obtained results, S. capitata VO is a promising natural alternative to synthetic antipedicular and anticholinesterase drugs, which can be employed in drug development, and may lead to new candidates against head lice and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, State of Palestine
| | - Lina Adwan
- College of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, 00970, State of Palestine
| | - Abdel Naser Zaid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, State of Palestine
| | - Shadi K’aibni
- Center of Birzeit University Testing Laboratories, Birzeit University, Birzeit, 00970, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammad Arar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, State of Palestine
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17
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Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90484-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Muralidharan A, Josyula VR, Hariharapura RC. Exploring the potential of marine microbes in clinical management of Alzheimer's disease: A road map for bioprospecting and identifying promising isolates. Life Sci 2018; 208:149-160. [PMID: 30031811 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pervasiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) across the globe is on rise, devitalizing the essential brain functions of the afflicted individual. Multiple neurological pathways viz., cholinergic, amyloidogenic and tau protein pathways underlying the disease and interdependence make it more complex to develop effective treatment strategies. Existing drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease majorly belong to the class of cholinergic inhibitors which improve the behavioral symptoms. But there are no drugs that could arrest the disease progression. Inhibition of beta secretase enzyme could prevent the deposition of amyloid plaques in the neurons, thereby arresting the disease progression. Search for novel drugs to treat the underlying pathogenesis of the disease is pivotal in this day and age. The source of most active lead molecules discovered recently is from the nature. Marine ecosystem provides a plethora of pharmacologically lead molecules from various living organisms inhabiting the sea. Among all, marine microbes are the most under-explored and indispensable source of many bioactive metabolites. Studies have been reported on potent metabolites from marine microbes which could inhibit the key enzymes involved in the AD pathogenesis. The advancement in microbial bioprospecting and molecular biology techniques have eased the process of cultivation and identification of microbes, isolation of novel bioactive metabolites of clinical use. Exploring such marine natural resources for pharmacological lead molecules could give a breakthrough in the drug discovery domain for treating AD such debilitating diseases. In this review, a comprehensive account of bioprospecting methods and reports of marine microbial isolates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Muralidharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkata Rao Josyula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Udupi, Karnataka, India.
| | - Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Udupi, Karnataka, India
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19
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Bilal S, Ali L, Khan AL, Shahzad R, Asaf S, Imran M, Kang SM, Kim SK, Lee IJ. Endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 produces sester-terpenoid YW3548 and cyclic peptide that inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1493-1502. [PMID: 30167726 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been used to obtain novel bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in medical and agricultural sectors, which can also act as lead targets for pharmaceutical and medicinal potential. In the present study, the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 isolated from the root of cucumber plant was tested for its enzyme inhibitory potential. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of LHL10 was screened for its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-glucosidase, urease, and anti-lipid peroxidation. The findings suggest that the EtOAc extract from LHL10 possesses significant inhibitory potential against urease and α-glucosidase. The EtOAc extract was thus, subjected to advanced column chromatographic techniques for the isolation of pure compounds. The structure elucidation was carried out through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data, and these compounds were confirmed as known a sester-terpenoid (1) and a known cyclic peptide (2). The enzyme inhibition bioassay indicated that Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited remarkable inhibitory rate against α-glucosidase and urease, with an IC50 value of 61.80 ± 5.7, 75.68 ± 6.2 and 74.25 ± 4.3, 190.5 ± 10.31 µg/g, respectively. Thus, the current study concludes the enzyme inhibitory potential of endophyte LHL10 and provides the basis for further investigations of bioactive compounds, which could be used as potent drugs for enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman.,Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-Campus Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kuk Kim
- Division of Crop Breeding, Gyeongsangbuk-do Provincial Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Pope CN, Brimijoin S. Cholinesterases and the fine line between poison and remedy. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:205-216. [PMID: 29409903 PMCID: PMC5959757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8) are related enzymes found across the animal kingdom. The critical role of acetylcholinesterase in neurotransmission has been known for almost a century, but a physiological role for butyrylcholinesterase is just now emerging. The cholinesterases have been deliberately targeted for both therapy and toxicity, with cholinesterase inhibitors being used in the clinic for a variety of disorders and conversely for their toxic potential as pesticides and chemical weapons. Non-catalytic functions of the cholinesterases (ChEs) participate in both neurodevelopment and disease. Manipulating either the catalytic activities or the structure of these enzymes can potentially shift the balance between beneficial and adverse effect in a wide number of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey N Pope
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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21
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Venieraki A, Dimou M, Katinakis P. Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants have the ability to produce the same or similar pharmacologically active secondary metabolites as their hosts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hppj-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in folk medicines and still are used for their health benefits. In our days medicinal plants are exploited for the isolation of plant-derived drugs as they are very effective and have relatively less or no side effects. However, the natural resources of medicinal plants are gradually exhausted and access to plant bioactive compounds is challenged by the low levels at which these products accumulate in native medicinal plants. For instance, to meet the market demands of 3 Kg per year of vinca alkaloids, powerful plant-derived anticancer drugs, 1.5×106 Kg dry leaves are required. In this regard, this review aims to highlight the fact that endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants are capable to biosynthesize pharmacologically active secondary metabolites similar or identical to those produced by their host medicinal plant. Furthermore, the evolutionary origin of the genes involved in these metabolic pathways as well as the approaches designed to enhance the production of these metabolites by the isolated endophytic fungi are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Venieraki
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR 118 55 Votanikos, Athens , Greece
| | - M. Dimou
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR 118 55 Votanikos, Athens , Greece
| | - P. Katinakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR 118 55 Votanikos, Athens , Greece
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