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Yang Y, Shen J, Deng P, Chen P. Mechanism investigation of Forsythoside A against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2380023. [PMID: 39046082 PMCID: PMC11271126 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2380023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Forsythoside A (FSA) was extracted from Forsythia suspensa, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and other pharmacological effects. However, the anticancer effect of FSA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been documented. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of FSA against ESCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to predict the mechanism. FSA was utilized to treat ESCC cell lines KYSE450 and KYSE30, followed by CCK-8 assay, cell cloning formation assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, RNA-seq analysis, and subsequent in vivo experiments. RESULTS Network pharmacology and molecular docking predicted that the therapeutic effect of FSA in ESCC is mediated through proteins such as BCL2 and BAX, influencing KEGG pathways associated with apoptosis. In vitro experiments showed that FSA inhibited cell proliferation and plate clone formation, promoted cell apoptosis and impacted the cell cycle distribution of G2/M phase by regulating BCL2, BAX, and p21. Further RNA-seq in KYSE450 cells showed that FSA regulated the expression of 223 genes, specifically affecting the biological process of epidermal development. In vivo experiments showed that gastric administration of FSA resulted in notable reductions in both tumor volume and weight by regulating BCL2, BAX, and p21. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that FSA led to significant changes of beta diversity. Abundance of 11 specific bacterial taxa were considerably changed following administration of FSA. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a novel candidate drug against ESCC and establishes a foundation for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junru Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Liu H, Zhu T, Zhang L, Li F, Zheng M, Chen B, Zhu H, Ren J, Lu X, Huang C. Immunization with a low dose of zymosan A confers resistance to depression-like behavior and neuroinflammatory responses in chronically stressed mice. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:211-226. [PMID: 38651984 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Stimulation of the innate immune system prior to stress exposure is a possible strategy to prevent depression under stressful conditions. Based on the innate immune system stimulating activities of zymosan A, we hypothesize that zymosan A may prevent the development of chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior. Our results showed that a single injection of zymosan A 1 day before stress exposure at a dose of 2 or 4 mg/kg, but not at a dose of 1 mg/kg, prevented the development of depression-like behaviors in mice treated with chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). The prophylactic effect of a single zymosan A injection (2 mg/kg) on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors disappeared when the time interval between zymosan A and stress exposure was extended from 1 day or 5 days to 10 days, which was rescued by a second zymosan A injection 10 days after the first zymosan A injection and 4 days (4×, once daily) of zymosan A injections 10 days before stress exposure. Further analysis showed that a single zymosan A injection (2 mg/kg) 1 day before stress exposure could prevent the CSDS-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Inhibition of the innate immune system by pretreatment with minocycline (40 mg/kg) abolished the preventive effect of zymosan A on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and CSDS-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. These results suggest that activation of the innate immune system triggered by zymosan A prevents the depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Bingran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong
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Zhang L, Lang F, Feng J, Wang J. Review of the therapeutic potential of Forsythiae Fructus on the central nervous system: Active ingredients and mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117275. [PMID: 37797873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine has gained significant attention in recent years owing to its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway advantages in treating various diseases. Forsythiae Fructus, derived from the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is one such traditional Chinese medicine with numerous in vivo and ex vivo therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Forsythiae Fructus contains more than 200 chemical constituents, with forsythiaside, forsythiaside A, forsythiaside B, isoforsythiaside, forsythin, and phillyrin being the most active ingredients. Forsythiae Fructus exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating various pathways, including oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling, 2-AG, Nrf2 signaling, acetylcholinesterase, PI3K-Akt signaling, ferroptosis, gut-brain axis, TLR4 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and PPARγ signaling pathway. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of Forsythiae Fructus on the central nervous system and summarize the current knowledge on the active ingredients of Forsythiae Fructus and their effects on different pathways involved in neuroprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, local dissertations and books) up until June 2023 using key terms such as Forsythia suspensa, Forsythiae Fructus, forsythiaside, isoforsythiaside, forsythin, phillyrin, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, aging, and herpes simplex virus encephalitis. RESULTS Our findings indicate that Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients own therapeutic effects on the central nervous system by modulating various pathways, including oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling, 2-AG, Nrf2 signaling, acetylcholinesterase, PI3K-Akt signaling, ferroptosis, the gut-brain axis, TLR4 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and PPARγ signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients have demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties. Future in vivo and clinical studies of Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients should be conducted to establish precise dosage and standard guidelines for a more effective application in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Fenglong Lang
- Department of Neurology, Fushun Central Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Su M, Zhou D, Huang J, Yang T, Zhou Q, Tan Y. Forsythiaside A exhibits anti-migration and anti-inflammation effects in rheumatoid arthritis in vitro model. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e14976. [PMID: 37997635 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of systemic autoimmune disease, and the joint inflammation and cartilage destruction are the major features. Some traditional Chinese medicine have been discovered to exhibit regulatory roles in the treatment of RA. Forsythiaside A (FA) as an active ingredient isolated from forsythia suspensa has been discovered to participate into the regulation of some diseases through improving inflammation. However, the regulatory effects of FA on the progression of RA keep indistinct. METHODS IL-1β treatment (10 ng/mL) in MH7A cells was built to mimic RA in vitro (cell) model. The cell viability was examined through CCK-8 assay. The cell proliferation was detected through Edu assay. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were evaluated through ELISA. The protein expressions were measured through western blot. The cell apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry. The cell migration and invasion abilities were tested through Transwell assay. RESULTS In this study, it was revealed that the cell proliferation was strengthened after IL-1β treatment (p < .001), but this effect was reversed after FA treatment in a dose-increasing manner (p < .05). Furthermore, FA suppressed inflammation in IL-1β-triggered MH7A cells through attenuating the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 (p < .05). The cell apoptosis was lessened after IL-1β treatment (p < .001), but this effect was rescued after FA treatment (p < .05). Besides, the cell migration and invasion abilities were both increased after IL-1β treatment (p < .001), but these changes were offset after FA treatment (p < .05). Eventually, FA retarded the JAK/STAT pathway through reducing p-JAK/JAK and p-STAT/STAT levels (p < .01). CONCLUSION Our study manifested that FA exhibited anti-migration and anti-inflammation effects in RA in vitro model (IL-1β-triggered MH7A cells) through regulating the JAK/STAT pathway. This work hinted that FA can be an effective drug for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dinghua Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaju Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Gao Y, Hao Z, Liu J, Zhou G, Liu F, Li X, Tong C, Wang X. Forsythoside A regulates autophagy and apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and alleviates inflammatory damage in MAC-T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110053. [PMID: 36965368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cow mastitis is the most common disease encountered in dairy farming. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), among the major virulence-related factors produced by Escherichia coli, stimulate mammary gland inflammation and cause its damage, thereby affecting milk yield and quality. Forsythoside A (FTA) is among the main active components of forsythia. Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that FTA possesses anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and other biological activities. This study investigated the effects of the FTA-activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway on LPS-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory damage in bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. Cell activity was measured using the Cell Counting Kit 8. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used to detect expression levels of autophagic, apoptotic, and inflammatory factors, as well as those of oxidative stress-related genes and proteins. The annexin-FITC/PI assay and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the apoptosis rate and LC3B expression, respectively. We found that FTA attenuated LPS-induced inhibition of MAC-T cell proliferation, reduced mRNA expression of related inflammatory factors, relieved oxidative stress, and exerted protective effects on MAC-T cells. Additionally, FTA activated autophagy, attenuated inhibition of autophagy flow, and inhibited apoptosis. Autophagy and apoptosis were mainly regulated through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. The aforementioned FTA-induced effects were inhibited by the administration of Compound C (CC; an AMPK inhibitor). Taken together, these results indicate that FTA can alleviate LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in MAC-T cells, attenuate impairments in autophagy, and inhibit apoptosis. However, these effects were blocked by CC, which suggests that FTA inhibits LPS-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory damage in MAC-T cells by activating the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - HuaQiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zheng Zhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - YingKui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhongHua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - JingJing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - GuangWei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zheng Zhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - XueBing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Wei W, Fu J, Zhang T, Zhao J, Ma T. Forsythiaside A ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via anti-inflammation and antiapoptotic effects by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 36737765 PMCID: PMC9896724 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by an infection in the body, and accompanying acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Forsythia Fructus, the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of Forsythiaside A (FTA) on sepsis-induced AKI by downregulating inflammatory and apoptotic responses, and exploring its underlying mechanism. METHODS Septic AKI was induced through intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) using male C57BL/6 mice and pretreated with FTA or control saline. First, we assessed the degree of renal injury by creatinine, blood urea nitrogen measurement, and HE staining of renal tissue; secondly, the inflammation and apoptosis were measured byELISA, qPCR, and TUNEL immunofluorescence; finally, the mechanism was explored by computer molecular docking and Western blot. RESULTS Our data showed that FTA markedly attenuated pathological kidney injuries, alleviated the elevation of serum BUN and Creatinine, suggesting the renal protective effect of FTA. Notably, FTA significantly inhibited the renal expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α both at protein and mRNA levels and attenuated cell apoptosis in the kidney, as measured by caspase-3 immunoblot and TUNEL assay, indicating its anti-Inflammation and antiapoptotic properties. Mechanistically, administration of LPS resulted in robust endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses in the kidney, evidenced by glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) upregulation, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activation, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (elF2α) phosphorylation and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) overexpression, which could be significantly blocked by FTA pretreatment. Dynamic simulation and molecular docking were performed to provide further insight. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that FTA ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via its anti-inflammation and antiapoptotic properties by regulating PERK signaling dependent ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Fu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Teng Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Tao Ma
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
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Guo R, Yan Z, Liao H, Guo D, Tao R, Yu X, Zhu Z, Guo W. Ibrutinib suppresses the activation of neutrophils and macrophages and exerts therapeutic effect on acute peritonitis induced by zymosan. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu S, Wang Q, Ma J, Wang J, Wang H, Liu L, Long S, Piao X. Dietary Forsythia suspensa extracts supplementation improves antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory functions, meat fatty acid deposition, and intestinal microbial community in finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:960242. [PMID: 36311660 PMCID: PMC9614228 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of Forsythia suspensa extracts (FSE) on performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines, meat quality, meat fatty acid composition, and gut microbial community in finishing pigs. Sixty-four pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an average initial body weight of 88.68 kg were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments, with eight replicate pens per treatment (four pens were barrows and four pens were gilts), four pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) and an FS diet (basal diet + 100 mg/kg FSE; FS). Compared with CON, pigs fed FSE showed enhanced (P < 0.05) saturated fatty acid (SFA)/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, reduced (P < 0.05) lightness, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, as well as tended to increase C20:5n3 content in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Moreover, pigs fed FSE showed decreased (P < 0.05) serum cortisol and tumor nuclear factor-α contents, and increased (P < 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase contents compared with CON. These pigs also tended to have increased serum total protein and immunoglobulin G contents, and decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and interleukin-1β contents compared with CON. In the colon, pigs fed FSE had a higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Bifidobacteriales at the order level, Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae at the family level, as well as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium at the genus level compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary Forsythia suspensa extract supplementation effectively improved antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory functions, as well as modulated meat fatty acid composition, and gut microbial community in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Feed Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shenfei Long
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Xiangshu Piao
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Zhao Y, Deng S, Bai Y, Guo J, Kai G, Huang X, Jia X. Promising natural products against SARS-CoV-2: Structure, function, and clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3833-3858. [PMID: 35932157 PMCID: PMC9538226 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) poses a severe threat to human health and still spreads globally. Due to the high mutation ratio and breakthrough infection rate of the virus, vaccines and anti‐COVID‐19 drugs require continual improvements. Drug screening research has shown that some natural active products can target the critical proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2, including 3CLpro, ACE2, FURIN, and RdRp, which could produce great inhibitory effects on SARS‐COV‐2. In addition, some natural products have displayed activities of immunomodulation, antiinflammatory, and antihepatic failure in COVID‐19 clinical trials, which may relate to their non‐monomeric structures. However, further evaluation and high‐quality assessments, including safety verification tests, drug interaction tests, and clinical trials, are needed to substantiate natural products' multi‐target and multi‐pathway effects on COVID‐19. Here, we review the literature on several promising active natural products that may act as vaccine immune enhancers or provide targeted anti‐COVID‐19 drugs. The structures, mechanisms of action, and research progress of these natural products are analyzed, to hopefully provide effective ideas for the development of targeted drugs that possess better structure, potency, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Bai
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhe Huang
- Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA and Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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11
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Yang HX, Liu QP, Zhou YX, Chen YY, An P, Xing YZ, Zhang L, Jia M, Zhang H. Forsythiasides: A review of the pharmacological effects. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971491. [PMID: 35958429 PMCID: PMC9357976 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forsythiasides are a kind of phenylethanol glycosides existing in Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, which possesses extensive pharmacological activities. According to the different groups connected to the nucleus, forsythiasides can be divided into A-K. In recent years, numerous investigations have been carried out on forsythiasides A, B, C, D, E, and I, which have the effects of cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, et al. Mechanistically, forsythiasides regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and other signaling pathways, as well as the expression of related cytokines and kinases. Further exploration and development may unearth more treatment potential of forsythiasides and provide more evidence for their clinical applications. In summary, forsythiasides have high development and application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei An
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Xing
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Min Jia,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hong Zhang,
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Xu Z, Qiao S, Qian W, Zhu Y, Yan W, Shen S, Wang T. Card9 protects fungal peritonitis through regulating Malt1-mediated activation of autophagy in macrophage. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108941. [PMID: 35850054 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fungal peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the peritoneum which occurs secondary to peritoneal dialysis. Most cases of peritonitis are caused by microbial invasion into the peritoneal cavity, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Unlike bacterial peritonitis, little is known on fungal peritonitis. Card9, an adapter protein, plays a critical role in anti-fungal immunity. In this study, by using zymosan-induced peritonitis and C. albicans-induced peritonitis mouse model, we demonstrated that fungal peritonitis was exacerbated in Card9-/- mice, compared with WT mice. Next, we found the autophagy activation of peritonealmacrophages was impaired in Card9-/- peritonitis mice. The autophagy agonist, MG132, ameliorated peritonitis in Card9-/- mice. The result of microarray analysis indicates Malt1 was significantly decreased in Card9-/- peritonitis mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Malt1 interacts with P62 and mediates the function of P62 to clear ubiquitinated proteins. After overexpression of Malt1, impaired autophagy activation caused by Card9 deficient was significantly rescued. Together, our results indicate that Card9 protects fungal peritonitis by regulating Malt1-mediated autophagy in macrophages. Our research provides a new idea for the pathogenesis of fungal peritonitis, which is of great significance for the clinical treatment of fungal peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuping Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenyue Yan
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China.
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Forsythoside A Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis in Mice by Regulating Th17 Cells and IL-17A Expression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010062. [PMID: 35055377 PMCID: PMC8780559 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness and scaly skin lesions with itchy or painful sensations. Forsythoside A, one of the main active compounds isolated from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa, has been widely applied to treat inflammatory diseases in the clinical use of traditional oriental medicine. However, the effect of forsythoside A on psoriasis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and immune regulation of forsythoside A on psoriasis. C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups and treated with imiquimod cream on their shaved back skin to induce psoriasis-like dermatitis. Different doses of forsythoside A (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg) were administered to the respective treatment groups. Skin redness, scaling, and ear thickness were measured; keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory cytokine expression were detected by hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Th17 cells in the inguinal lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometric analysis. IL-17A levels were measured using ELISA. The results showed that forsythoside A relieved psoriatic skin symptoms such as skin redness, thickness, scaling, and reduced epidermal thickening. The expression of IL-6, IL-17, and Ki-67 was downregulated in the forsythoside-A-treated groups. Th17 cell expression in inguinal lymph nodes and IL-17A secretion was suppressed by forsythoside A. In conclusion, forsythoside A was found to alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice by suppressing Th17 development and IL-17A secretion. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of forsythoside A in treating human psoriasis.
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A review of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of Forsythiaside A. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105690. [PMID: 34029711 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of various diseases and has attracted increasing attention for clinical applications. Forsythiae Fructus, the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a widely used Chinese medicinal herb in clinic for its extensive pharmacological activities. Forsythiaside A is the main active index component isolated from Forsythiae Fructus and possesses prominent bioactivities. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Forsythiaside A exhibits significant activities in treating various diseases, including inflammation, virus infection, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, liver injury, and bacterial infection. In this review, the pharmacological activities of Forsythiaside A have been comprehensively reviewed and summarized. According to the data, Forsythiaside A shows remarkable anti-inflammation, antivirus, neuroprotection, antioxidant, hepatoprotection, and antibacterial activities through regulating multiple signaling transduction pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Nrf2, RLRs, TRAF, TLR7, and ER stress. In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of Forsythiaside A are also discussed in this review, thus providing a solid foundation and evidence for further studies to explore novel effective drugs from Chinese medicine monomers.
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Experimental study of Forsythoside A on prevention and treatment of avian infectious bronchitis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:523-531. [PMID: 33234322 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Forsythoside A is the main active ingredient in the Chinese medicine Forsythia suspensa, which has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, and immunoregulatory effects. It is reported that Forsythoside A can significantly inhibit the replication of the avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) in cells, but there is no report in chickens. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Forsythoside A on IBV-M41, experiments were designed using 120 chickens at 12 days of age. The chickens were randomly divided into eight groups: Forsythoside A high-, medium-, and low-dose prevention groups, Forsythoside A high-, medium-, and low-dose treatment groups, model control group and normal control group. All chickens, except the normal control group, were inoculated with 0.2 ml of IBV-M41 at 15 days of age.The antiviral effects were evaluated by clinical signs, weight, histopathology, T-,B-lymphocyte proliferation, T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels.The results showed that the infection rate in each Forsythoside A prevention group was significantly lower than that in the treatment group and model control group (P < 0.05). The recovery rate in each Forsythoside A treatment group was significantly higher than that in the model control group (P < 0.05), and the recovery rate in high- and medium-dose treatment group was the highest, at up to 86.67%. Lymphocytic transformation ability significantly improved in the prevention and treatment groups. Forsythoside A significantly improved the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocyte of infected chickens. The cytokine level was able to maintain high concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-α for a long time and maintain a dynamic IL-4-concentration balance. A number of results showed that Forsythoside A had both preventive and therapeutic effects in IBV-M41-infected chickens, among which the high-dose (80 mg/kg/d) prevention group,the high- (80 mg/kg/d) and medium (40 mg/kg/d) -dose treatment group had significant effects.
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16
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Long SF, He TF, Wu D, Yang M, Piao XS. Forsythia suspensa extract enhances performance via the improvement of nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, and gut morphology in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4217-4226. [PMID: 32867965 PMCID: PMC7598019 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aims to determine the effects of Forsythia suspense extract (FSE) as an antibiotic substitute on performance, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, intestinal morphology, and meat fatty acid deposition in broilers. 192 male Arbor Acre broilers (1-day-old, weighing 45.6 ± 1.3 g) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, 8 replicate pens per treatment, 8 broilers per pen. The treatments contain a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet, CTL), an antibiotic diet (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, CTC), and an FSE diet (basal diet + 100 mg/kg FSE; FSE). The experiment includes phase 1 (day 1 to 21) and 2 (day 22 to 42). Compared with CTL and CTC, broilers supplemented with FSE showed higher (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI in phase 2 and overall (day 1 to 42). On day 21, serum catalase and total antioxidant capacity contents were enhanced (P < 0.05) in broilers fed FSE compared with CTL. On day 42, broilers fed FSE showed increased (P < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase contents, and enhanced (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, total carbohydrates, and phosphorus, as well as reduced (P < 0.05) nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in feces compared with CTL. These broilers also showed decreased (P < 0.05) n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in thigh meat, and tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 contents in the liver on day 42 compared with CTL. The villus height was increased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers fed FSE compared with CTL. In conclusion, dietary F.suspense extract supplementation as a chlortetracycline substitute under non-challenge conditions enhanced performance via the improvement of nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Moreover, F.suspense extract may also benefit environment by reducing nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and benefit human health via modulating meat fatty acid profiles in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T F He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - D Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X S Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Forsythoside A and Forsythoside B Contribute to Shuanghuanglian Injection-Induced Pseudoallergic Reactions through the RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246266. [PMID: 31842335 PMCID: PMC6940901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, hypersensitivity reactions to the Shuanghuanglian injection have attracted broad attention. However, the componential chief culprits inducing the reactions and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been completely defined. In this study, we used a combination of approaches based on the mouse model, human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer, real-time cellular monitoring, immunoblot analysis, pharmacological inhibition, and molecular docking. We demonstrated that forsythoside A and forsythoside B contributed to Shuanghuanglian injection-induced pseudoallergic reactions through activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Forsythoside A and forsythoside B could trigger dose-dependent vascular leakage in mice. Moreover, forsythoside A and forsythoside B slightly elicited mast cell degranulation. Correspondingly, treatment with forsythoside A and forsythoside B disrupted the endothelial barrier and augmented the expression of GTP-RhoA, p-MYPT1, and p-MLC2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the ROCK inhibitor effectively alleviated forsythoside A/forsythoside B-induced hyperpermeability in both the endothelial cells and mice. Similar responses were not observed in the forsythoside E-treated animals and cells. These differences may be related to the potential of the tested compounds to react with RhoA-GTPγS and form stable interactions. This study innovatively revealed that some forsythosides may cause vascular leakage, and therefore, limiting their contents in injections should be considered.
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Xu Z, Li K, Pan T, Liu J, Li B, Li C, Wang S, Diao Y, Liu X. Lonicerin, an anti-algE flavonoid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence screened from Shuanghuanglian formula by molecule docking based strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111909. [PMID: 31026553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Shuanghuanglian formula (SF) is a famous antimicrobial and antiviral traditional Chinese medicine that is made of Lonicera japonica Thunb., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the SF is commonly administered in the forms of oral liquid, tablets, and injection. It has long been used to treat acute respiratory tract infections, especially lung infection. AIM OF THE STUDY In the light of the increasing incidence of multidrug resistance to conventional antibiotics, the aim of this study was to screen potential anti-virulence agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the extract of the SF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SF was used for effective compounds screening via the combination of the molecule docking approach and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry. Fifty-one anti-virulence-related proteins were docked, 26 identified compounds were from SF. Subsequently, the top-scoring screened compound was assessed via bioactive-related assays, including the quantification of alginate biosynthesis, anti-biofilm assays, and the A549 human lung cells infection. RESULT A flavonoid Lonicerin was found to be bonded with the active site of the alginate secretion protein (AlgE) with the highest score in molecule docking. Furthermore, we validated that Lonicerin could significantly reduce alginate secretion (25 μg/mL) and biofilm formation (12.5 μg/mL) at a sub-MIC concentration without inhibiting the proliferation of P. aeruginosa or influencing the expression of AlgE, which suggested that Lonicerin may directly inhibit AlgE. In addition, Lonicerin was proven to inhibit the infection of P. aeruginosa in the A549 cells. CONCLUSION This work reported on the first potential AlgE antagonist that was derived from herbal resources. Lonicerin was proven to be an effective inhibitor in-vitro of P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongren Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Taowen Pan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Chuanxun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Diao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
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