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Sun J, Jin X, Li Y. Current strategies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:88. [PMID: 39129305 PMCID: PMC11335354 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic hepatic disease, has become a leading health problem worldwide. The present review summarized the methods and mechanisms to treat NAFLD, including the Mediterranean diet, physical activity and exercise, bariatric surgery and specific therapeutic agents, including statins, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor agonists, cenicriviroc and farnesoid X receptor agonists. Biologically active substances, such as peptides, alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, silymarin, antibiotics, fatty acids, vitamins, probiotics, synbiotics and lamiaceae have also demonstrated actions that combat NAFLD. Considering their different mechanisms of action, combining some of them may prove an efficacious treatment for NAFLD. In this light, the present review describes recent progress and future prospects in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
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Lugtmeijer C, Bowtell JL, O’Leary M. Tissue-Level Effect of Andrographis and Ashwagandha Metabolites on Metabolic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: An Ex Vivo/In Vitro Investigation. Nutrients 2024; 16:2291. [PMID: 39064738 PMCID: PMC11279956 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction play a central role in cardiometabolic morbidity. Ashwagandha and Andrographis are purported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but this is based on exposure of cells to the parent compounds ignoring phytochemical absorption and metabolism. We explored the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of ashwagandha and Andrographis in ex vivo human models of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Healthy participants supplemented with 2000 mg/day Andrographis (n = 10) or 1100 mg/day ashwagandha (n = 10) for 28 days. Sera collected pre (D0) and post (D28) supplementation were pooled by timepoint and added to adipose explant (AT) and primary human myotube (SKMC) culture media (15% v/v) for treatment. A Taqman panel of 56 genes was used to quantify these. In AT, treatment with ashwagandha sera decreased the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence and inflammatory response (CCL5, CD36, IL6, IL10, ADIPOQ, NFEL2, UCP2, GPX3, GPX4; geometric 95% CI for fold change > 1) and altered the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. In SKMC, ashwagandha sera altered FOXO1 and SREBF1 expression. Andrographis sera decreased IL18 and SERPINEA3 expression in AT. This physiologically relevant in vitro screening characterises the effects of ashwagandha in AT to guide future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary O’Leary
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (C.L.); (J.L.B.)
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Foghis M, Tit DM, Bungau SG, Ghitea TC, Pallag CR, Foghis AM, Behl T, Bustea C, Pallag A. Highlighting the Use of the Hepatoprotective Nutritional Supplements among Patients with Chronic Diseases. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2685. [PMID: 37830722 PMCID: PMC10572698 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies, while not considered glamorous endeavors, are firmly anchored in data and statistics, providing essential insights about public health. The aim of the study is to see the frequency of hepatoprotective (HP) nutritional supplement consumption among patients with chronic diseases (other than chronic liver disorders) and analyzes the habits related to the consumption of nutritional supplements among these patients. A total of 954 patients, seeking medical prescriptions for chronic diseases under various payment arrangements (compensated, gratuity, or full payment) were carefully selected over a 12-month period from four private pharmaceutical facilities. We examined the frequency of HP consumption in relation with a number of prescribed medications for chronic conditions. All these patients were invited to complete a questionnaire about their supplement consumption habits and were provided the option to participate in a nutritional status assessment. One hundred ninety-five patients consented to participate in the survey, and 65 patients agreed to undergo a nutritional status evaluation. Of the 954 patients, 77.2% incorporate HP into their regimen. The most frequent consumption (83.33%) was recorded in a group with seven drugs, followed by a group with three drugs (82.84%). Women have a higher usage rate of HP (80.58%; 444 from 551) compared to men (62.60%; 293 from 383), and most of the patients (59.5%) used extracts of Silybum marianum L. In the survey, 64.61% of participants were using supplements, with most (59.52%) consuming HP. Only 32.54% of patients rely on recommendations from healthcare professionals. Of the patients who use supplements, 55.56% reported improvements in their health status. Furthermore, patients who integrate supplements into their daily routine tend to achieve better overall nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Foghis
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Timea Claudia Ghitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Csaba Robert Pallag
- MSc International Economy and Business Program of Study, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andreea Monica Foghis
- Medicine Program of Study, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Cristian Bustea
- Department of Surgery, Oradea County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (M.F.); (A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
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Kosmalski M, Frankowski R, Deska K, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T. Exploring the Impact of Nutrition on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Management: Unveiling the Roles of Various Foods, Food Components, and Compounds. Nutrients 2023; 15:2838. [PMID: 37447164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to introduce standardized treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its global prevalence and the complications of this disease. Many studies have revealed that food-derived substances may be beneficial in dealing with this disease. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the recently published studies on the food-derived treatment options for NAFLD. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "NAFLD", "nutrition", "food", "derived", "therapy", and "guidelines" yielded 219 relevant papers for our analysis, published from 2004 to 2023. The results show the significant benefits of food-derived treatment in NAFLD therapy, including improvements in liver histology, hepatic fat amounts, anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and other metabolic measures. The availability of the substances discussed makes them a significant adjuvant in the treatment of this disease. The usefulness of Viusid as additional therapy to diet and physical activity should be emphasized due to improvements in liver histology; however, many other substances lead to a decrease in liver fat amounts including, e.g., berberine or omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, the synbiotic Protexin seems to be useful in terms of NAFLD treatment, especially because it is effective in both obese and lean subjects. Based on the latest research results, we suggest revising the therapeutic recommendations for patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Deska
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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Wu MF, Xi QH, Sheng Y, Wang YM, Wang WY, Chi CF, Wang B. Antioxidant Peptides from Monkfish Swim Bladders: Ameliorating NAFLD In Vitro by Suppressing Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress via Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:360. [PMID: 37367685 DOI: 10.3390/md21060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the ameliorating functions of QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) from monkfish swim bladders on an FFA-induced NAFLD model of HepG2 cells. The lipid-lowering mechanisms revealed that these five oligopeptides can up-regulate the expression of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) proteins to inhibit the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) proteins on increasing lipid synthesis and up-regulating the expression of the PPAP-α and CPT-1 proteins on promoting the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Moreover, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) can significantly inhibit reactive oxygen species' (ROS) production, promote the activities of intracellular antioxidases (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX; and catalase, CAT) and bring down the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) derived from lipid peroxidation. Further investigations revealed that the regulation of these five oligopeptides on oxidative stress was achieved through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to raise the expression levels of the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and downstream antioxidant proteases. Therefore, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) could serve as candidate ingredients to develop functional products for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing-Hao Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yan Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wan-Yi Wang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Platko K, Lebeau PF, Nederveen JP, Byun JH, MacDonald ME, Bourgeois JM, Tarnopolsky MA, Austin RC. A Metabolic Enhancer Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Steatosis and Corrects a Pro-Atherogenic Serum Profile in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102410. [PMID: 37242292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects hundreds of millions of individuals and constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity is believed to be at the core of metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and vascular dysfunction. Although previous studies demonstrate a diverse array of naturally occurring antioxidants that attenuate several manifestations of MetS, little is known about the (i) combined effect of these compounds on hepatic health and (ii) molecular mechanisms responsible for their effect. METHODS We explored the impact of a metabolic enhancer (ME), consisting of 7 naturally occurring antioxidants and mitochondrial enhancing agents, on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and atherogenic serum profile in mice. RESULTS Here we show that a diet-based ME supplementation and exercise have similar beneficial effects on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, ME reduced hepatic ER stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, thereby improving overall liver health. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ME improved HFD-induced pro-atherogenic serum profile in mice, similar to exercise. The protective effects of ME were reduced in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) knock out mice, suggesting that ME exerts it protective effect partly in a PCSK9-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that components of the ME have a positive, protective effect on obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular risk and that they show similar effects as exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Bourgeois
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 5Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, MUMC, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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Mohtashamian A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Shamekhi Z, Sharifi N. Nigella sativa supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review of clinical trials. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:18-33. [PMID: 36698733 PMCID: PMC9840772 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.20060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective Based on the results of previous studies, the effects of N. sativa on some of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease's (NAFLD) biomarkers were positive; however, there were conflicting results regarding other variables. Therefore, the present systematic review of clinical trials was designed to clarify whether N. sativa effectively prevents the progression of NAFLD. Materials and Methods A search of four databases (Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Google scholar) was conducted to identify the clinical trials that assessed the effects of N. sativa supplementation on NAFLD. The outcome variables of interest were biomarkers of hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Results Overall, four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. In three studies, hepatic steatosis grade decreased significantly after N. sativa supplementation. Serum levels of liver enzymes reduced significantly in three of four included trials. In the only study that examined the effect of N. sativa on insulin resistance parameters, all variables related to this factor were significantly reduced. In two included studies that measured biomarkers of inflammation, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) decreased significantly after intaking N. sativa supplements. Conclusion Although the efficacy of N. sativa on liver enzymes and the grade of hepatic steatosis was reported in some of the included studies, more well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine the definitive effects of N. sativa on NAFLD. The present study provides suggestions that help to design future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mohtashamian
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Armin Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shamekhi
- Sepidan Bagherololoom Higher Education College, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sharifi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Basic Science Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Impact of Highly Saturated versus Unsaturated Fat Intake on Carbohydrate Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Rat. Biochem Res Int 2022; 2022:8753356. [PMID: 36033104 PMCID: PMC9417764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8753356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm olein (PO) and lard are considered harmful to health because of their highly saturated fatty acid content. On the contrary, olive oil (OO) with its high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is considered healthier. This study aims to evaluate the effects of high consumption of these oils on carbohydrate metabolism and vascular function. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 12 weeks with different high fat diets (HFD) containing 30% of each oil. Systemic glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia were assessed by routine methods or by ELISA. GLUT4 muscular expression and hepatic and muscular Akt phosphorylation were analyzed by western blot. Vascular function was evaluated, ex vivo, on aortic rings and on the variations of isometric tensions. The results show that fasting blood glucose was increased with PO and OO diets and decreased with lard. Compared to control diet, this increase was significant only with PO diet. The area under the curve of IPGTT was increased in all HFD groups. Compared to control diet, this increase was significant only with PO. In contrast, stimulation of the pathway with insulin showed a significant decrease in Akt phosphorylation in all HFD compared to control diet. KCl and phenylephrine induced strong, dose-dependent vasoconstriction of rat aortas in all groups, but KCl EC50 values were increased with lard and OO diets. The inhibitory effect of tempol was absent in PO and lard and attenuated in OO. Vascular insulin sensitivity was decreased in all HFD groups. This decreased sensitivity of insulin was more important with PO and lard when compared to OO diet. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly show that high consumption of palm olein, olive oil, and lard can compromise glucose tolerance and thus insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, palm olein and lard have a more deleterious effect than olive oil on the contractile function of the aorta. Excessive consumption of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids is harmful to health, regardless of their vegetable or animal origin.
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Sheng S, Yan S, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qin Q, Li W, Li T, Huang M, Ding S, Tang L. Gut microbiome is associated with metabolic syndrome accompanied by elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in men. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:946757. [PMID: 35967853 PMCID: PMC9373028 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.946757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is predicted that by 2035, metabolic syndrome (MS) will be found in nearly more than half of our adult population, seriously affecting the health of our body. MS is usually accompanied by the occurrence of abnormal liver enzymes, such as elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). More and more studies have shown that the gut microbiota is involved in MS; however, the correlation between gut microbiota and MS with elevated GGT has not been studied comprehensively. Especially, there are few reports about its role in the physical examination of the population of men with MS and elevated GGT. By using the whole-genome shotgun sequencing technology, we conducted a genome-wide association study of the gut microbiome in 66 participants diagnosed as having MS accompanied by high levels of GGT (case group) and 66 participants with only MS and normal GGT level (control group). We found that the number of gut microbial species was reduced in participants in the case group compared to that of the control group. The overall microbial composition between the two groups is of significant difference. The gut microbiota in the case group is characterized by increased levels of “harmful bacteria” such as Megamonas hypermegale, Megamonas funiformis, Megamonas unclassified, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Fusobacterium mortiferum and decreased levels of “beneficial bacteria” such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium eligens, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bacteroides dorei, and Alistipes putredinis. Moreover, the pathways of POLYAMSYN-PWY, ARG+POLYAMINE-SYN, PWY-6305, and GOLPDLCAT-PWY were also increased in the case group, which may play a role in the elevation of GGT by producing amine, polyamine, putrescine, and endogenous alcohol. Taken together, there are apparent changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in men with MS and abnormal GGT levels, and it is high time to discover specific gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target in that population. More in-depth studies of relevant mechanism could offer some new methods for the treatment of MS with elevated GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Sheng
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suying Ding
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Tang, ; Suying Ding,
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Tang, ; Suying Ding,
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Ghaffar S, Naqvi MA, Fayyaz A, Abid MK, Khayitov KN, Jalil AT, Alsaikhan F, Hammid AT, Al-Gazally ME, Mohammadparast V, Jannat B, Nouri M. What is the influence of grape products on liver enzymes? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 69:102845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Jane Monica S, John S, Madhanagopal R, Sivaraj C, Khusro A, Arumugam P, Gajdács M, Esther Lydia D, Umar Khayam Sahibzada M, Alghamdi S, Almehmadi M, Bin Emran T. Chemical composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds and its supplemental effect on Indian women with metabolic syndrome. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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12
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Yamamoto M, Yoshioka Y, Kitakaze T, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. Preventive effects of black soybean polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in three different mouse models. Food Funct 2022; 13:1000-1014. [PMID: 35015019 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced stage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are a major health issue throughout the world. Certain food components such as polyphenols are expected to possess preventive effects on NAFLD and NASH. In this study, the preventive effects of black soybean polyphenols were examined by using three NAFLD/NASH animal models. In a choline-deficient and L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet-induced NASH model, the intake of black soybean polyphenols decreased oxidative stress, but failed in attenuating liver injury and decreasing the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In a Western diet with sucrose and fructose containing sweetened water-induced NAFLD model, black soybean polyphenols suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, aminotransferase activities in the plasma, inflammatory cytokine expression, and α-SMA expression accompanied by modulation of lipid metabolism. In a combination of Western diet and carbon tetrachloride model, black soybean polyphenols also suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, aminotransferase activities in the plasma, and α-SMA expression. In conclusion, black soybean is an attractive food for the prevention of NAFLD and NASH due to its strong antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasukiyo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8501, Japan.
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8501, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8501, Japan.
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Oliva ME, Ingaramo P, Vega Joubert MB, Ferreira MDR, D'Alessandro ME. Effects of Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed on blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and liver fibrosis in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome. Food Funct 2021; 12:12407-12420. [PMID: 34797360 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and liver fibrosis in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) induced by chronic administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) and to evaluate the effects of chia seed as a therapeutic strategy. Male Wistar rats were fed with a reference diet (RD) - 6 months - or a SRD - 3 months. Then, the last group was randomly divided into two subgroups. One subgroup continued receiving the SRD for up to 6 months and the other was fed with a SRD where whole chia seed was incorporated as the source of dietary fat for the next 3 months (SRD + CHIA). Results showed that rats fed a SRD for a long period of time develop dyslipidemia, visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and a hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic basal state. Hepatic VCAM-1 (main adhesion molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction) expression was significantly increased. In addition, the SRD group presented hepatic steatosis, a significant increase in interstitial collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content. Liver TGF-β1 (a key cytokine involved in fibrogenesis) levels increased and a negative correlation with PPARα protein mass levels was found. The administration of chia seed for 3 months reversed dyslipidemia, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Platelet count, coagulation parameters and plasma fibrinogen levels were normalized. In the liver tissue, VCAM-1 expression, steatosis, interstitial collagen deposition and the hydroxyproline content decreased. TGF-β1 expression was decreased and this was associated with an increase in the PPARα protein levels. The present study showed new aspects in the progression from liver steatosis to fibrosis in dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats chronically fed a sucrose-rich diet. Chia seed supplementation could be used as a functional food and a potential dietary strategy to prevent or ameliorate disorders related to atherothrombotic cardiovascular events and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Oliva
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Paola Ingaramo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs. Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Michelle Berenice Vega Joubert
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Vuille-Lessard É, Lange N, Riebensahm C, Dufour JF, Berzigotti A. Dietary Interventions in Liver Diseases: Focus on MAFLD and Cirrhosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11901-021-00563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Dietary interventions (DI) aimed at improving overweight and metabolic abnormalities in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and at reducing malnutrition and sarcopenia in cirrhosis should become part of routine care in hepatology. This review focuses on recent advances in this field.
Recent Findings
In patients with MAFLD, a gradual reduction, respectively, of 7–10% of body weight if overweight or of 3–5% if lean, obtained by moderately reducing caloric intake, is effective to improve liver disease. Intermittent energy restriction might be an alternative to continuous energy restriction with higher adherence. Qualitative dietary adjustments should include increased intake of unprocessed foods including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), for example, through a Mediterranean diet. Refined carbohydrates (CHOs), saturated FA (SFAs), red meat, and processed meat should be limited. DI studies in HIV-infected subjects with MAFLD are very limited, and this is a field for future research. In patients with cirrhosis, DI should aim at correcting malnutrition and improving skeletal muscle mass. Daily diet contents should aim at achieving 30–35 kcal/kg of body weight, including 1.2–1.5 g/kg proteins, and oral or enteral supplementation might be used in patients unable to achieve these targets. In some studies, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) proved to be effective in improving muscle mass and were associated with a lower risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Obesity requires adjustment of the above-mentioned targets, and its management is challenging. Studies looking at the efficacy of DI recommended by the existing guidelines on clinical endpoints are a field for future research.
Summary
Dietary interventions are able to improve MAFLD and show potential to reduce complications in liver disease. Despite its key importance, there are many barriers limiting the implementation of DI in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients’ empowerment is crucial and should be the focus of specific educational programs. In addition, liver clinics would benefit from multidisciplinary teams involving experts in nutrition, physical exercise, primary care physicians, and psychologists when needed.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a multisystem, prevalent liver disease, can be managed with lifestyle interventions, including diet, given the lack of well-established pharmacologic therapies. This review explores the different dietary approaches that have been found effective in the management of NAFLD, offering a unique resource to healthcare professionals.
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Bullón-Vela V, Abete I, Zulet MA, Xu Y, Martínez-González MA, Sayón-Orea C, Ruiz-Canela M, Toledo E, Sánchez VM, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Almanza-Aguilera E, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J, Díaz-López A, Tinahones FJ, Tur JA, Romaguera D, Konieczna J, Pintó X, Daimiel L, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Alfredo Martínez J. Urinary Resveratrol Metabolites Output: Differential Associations with Cardiometabolic Markers and Liver Enzymes in House-Dwelling Subjects Featuring Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184340. [PMID: 32971870 PMCID: PMC7570830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) components are strongly associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Several studies have supported that resveratrol is associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on health status. The main objective of this study was to assess the putative associations between some urinary resveratrol phase II metabolites, cardiometabolic, and liver markers in individuals diagnosed with MetS. In this cross-sectional study, 266 participants from PREDIMED Plus study (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) were divided into tertiles of total urinary resveratrol phase II metabolites (sum of five resveratrol conjugation metabolites). Urinary resveratrol metabolites were analyzed by ultra- performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-q-Q MS), followed by micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE) method. Liver function markers were assessed using serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Moreover, lipid profile was measured by triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (total cholesterol/HDL). Linear regression adjusted models showed that participants with higher total urine resveratrol concentrations exhibited improved lipid and liver markers compared to the lowest tertile. For lipid determinations: log triglycerides (βT3= −0.15, 95% CI; −0.28, −0.02, p-trend = 0.030), VLDL-c, (βT3= −4.21, 95% CI; −7.97, −0.46, p-trend = 0.039), total cholesterol/HDL ratio Moreover, (βT3= −0.35, 95% CI; −0.66, −0.03, p-trend = 0.241). For liver enzymes: log AST (βT3= −0.12, 95% CI; −0.22, −0.02, p-trend = 0.011, and log GGT (βT3= −0.24, 95% CI; −0.42, −0.06, p-trend = 0.002). However, there is no difference found on glucose variables between groups. To investigate the risk of elevated serum liver markers, flexible regression models indicated that total urine resveratrol metabolites were associated with a lower risk of higher ALT (169.2 to 1314.3 nmol/g creatinine), AST (599.9 to 893.8 nmol/g creatinine), and GGT levels (169.2 to 893.8 nmol/g creatinine). These results suggested that higher urinary concentrations of some resveratrol metabolites might be associated with better lipid profile and hepatic serum enzymes. Moreover, urinary resveratrol excreted showed a reduced odds ratio for higher liver enzymes, which are linked to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bullón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-V.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-V.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-842-5600 (ext. 806357)
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-V.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (Y.X.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (Y.X.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (V.B.-V.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.-G.); (C.S.-O.); (M.R.-C.); (E.T.); (R.E.); (R.M.L.-R.); (M.F.); (J.S.-S.); (A.D.-L.); (F.J.T.); (J.A.T.); (D.R.); (J.K.); (X.P.)
- Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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17
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Medina-Urrutia A, Lopez-Uribe AR, El Hafidi M, González-Salazar MDC, Posadas-Sánchez R, Jorge-Galarza E, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Juárez-Rojas JG. Chia (Salvia hispanica)-supplemented diet ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its metabolic abnormalities in humans. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:96. [PMID: 32430018 PMCID: PMC7236935 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health problem lacking an approved pharmacological treatment. Omega-3 fatty acids have shown to reverse NAFLD. Chia is a seed rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), antioxidants, and fiber; therefore, it could be useful to treat NAFLD. Methods In a single arm experimental design study, the effect of 25 g/day of milled chia was assessed in 25 patients with NAFLD. After two weeks of dietary stabilization (basal condition) and eight weeks of a chia-supplemented isocaloric diet, liver:spleen attenuation index and visceral abdominal fat (VAF) were measured by computed tomography. Lipids, lipoproteins, free fatty acids (FFA), and ALA plasma concentrations were also determined. Results Dietary chia supplementation induced an increase in plasma ALA concentration (75%) and dietary fiber (55%) consumption. After chia supplementation, VAF (9%), body weight (1.4%), total cholesterol (2.5%), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2%), and circulating FFA (8%) decreased. Furthermore, NAFLD regressed in 52% of the treated patients (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions The results of the present study show that 25 g/day of milled chia ameliorates NAFLD. Chia is an accessible vegetal source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber, which could have the potential to prevent metabolic abnormalities in NAFLD patients. Considering that there is no pharmacological treatment approved for NAFLD, the findings of the present study suggest that a chia-supplemented diet could be an innovative alternative to control this disease. Retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03942822
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Medina-Urrutia
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel R Lopez-Uribe
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohamed El Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Esteban Jorge-Galarza
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan G Juárez-Rojas
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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18
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Hsieh SK, Lin NH, Chen YJ, Lee MR, Chen WY, Tzen JT. Therapeutic Effects of Lithospermate B Complexed with Mg 2+ or Zn 2+ on Metabolic Syndrome Induced in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040983. [PMID: 32098371 PMCID: PMC7070705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive food consumption and insufficient exercise lead to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in modern life, which consequently increases the risk of many chronic diseases. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) from Danshen has been demonstrated to improve metabolic changes in high-fat diet–fed rats with metabolic syndrome. In this study, Mg2+ in MLB was successfully replaced with Zn2+ to form zinc lithospermate B (ZLB) complex. MLB (10 mg/kg /day) and ZLB of various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day) were prepared and examined for their therapeutic effects on metabolic syndrome induced in rats fed with a high-fat diet. The results showed that both MLB and ZLB were able to recover or alleviate the abnormal physiological states of high-fat diet–fed rats including weight gain, epididymal fat accumulation, fatty liver, retarded blood lipid and glucose metabolism putatively caused by insulin resistance, and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokine, leptin, and oxidative stress. In an overall view of the animal study, the effectiveness of ZLB supplementation seemed to be better than that of MLB supplementation for the recovery of high-fat-fed rats from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kuo Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-K.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Nan-Hei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-K.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-Y.C.); (J.T.C.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840328 (ext. 776) (J.T.C.T.); Fax: +886-4-22853527 (J.T.C.T.)
| | - Jason T.C. Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-K.H.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.-Y.C.); (J.T.C.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840328 (ext. 776) (J.T.C.T.); Fax: +886-4-22853527 (J.T.C.T.)
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Geddo F, Scandiffio R, Antoniotti S, Cottone E, Querio G, Maffei ME, Bovolin P, Gallo MP. PipeNig ®-FL, a Fluid Extract of Black Pepper ( Piper Nigrum L.) with a High Standardized Content of Trans-β-Caryophyllene, Reduces Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Improves Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112788. [PMID: 31731718 PMCID: PMC6893583 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with several important pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardioprotective functions. These properties are mainly due to its selective interaction with the peripherally expressed cannabinoid receptor 2. In addition, BCP activates peroxisome proliferated activator receptors α and γ and inhibits the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Given the growing scientific interest in BCP, the aim of our study was to investigate the metabolic effects of a black pepper extract (PipeNig®-FL), containing a high standardized content of BCP. In particular our interest was focused on its potential activity on lipid accumulation and glucose uptake. The extract PipeNig®-FL was chemically characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC–FID), confirming a high content (814 mg/g) of BCP. Experiments were performed on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and on C2C12 myotubes. Lipid content following 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation was quantified with AdipoRed fluorescence staining. Glucose uptake and GLUT4 membrane translocation were studied in C2C12 myotubes with the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG and by immunofluorescence analysis. Here we show that PipeNig®-FL reduces 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Moreover, acute exposure of C2C12 myotubes to PipeNig®-FL improves glucose uptake activity and GLUT4 migration. Taken together, these results reveal interesting and novel properties of BCP, suggesting potential applications in the prevention of lipid accumulation and in the improvement of glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (R.S.); (S.A.); (E.C.); (G.Q.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-4671
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20
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The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108749. [PMID: 31955788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain the desired therapeutic blood pressure (BP) goals and reduce cardiovascular risks by modulating various risk factors such as oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivity, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and vascular resistance. We review the recent clinical experiments that have evaluated the biological and pharmacological activities of several types of nutraceuticals, including sour tea, cocoa, common spices, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, milk's tripeptides, calcium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prebiotics in preventing and treating HTN. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the impact of common nutraceuticals for the regulation of BP.
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21
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Antioxidant Versus Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Mushroom-Enriched Diets on Mitochondria in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163987. [PMID: 31426291 PMCID: PMC6720908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and in the control of cell death signalling during the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associated with the metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is mostly driven by insulin-resistant white adipose tissue lipolysis that results in an increased hepatic fatty acid influx and the ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver. Upregulation of beta-oxidation as one compensatory mechanism leads to an increase in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and ATP generation. The progression of NAFLD is associated with alterations in the mitochondrial molecular composition and respiratory capacity, which increases their vulnerability to different stressors, including calcium and pro-inflammatory molecules, which result in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, altogether, may ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. This may activate further pro-inflammatory pathways involved in the progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). Mushroom-enriched diets, or the administration of their isolated bioactive compounds, have been shown to display beneficial effects on insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by regulating nutrient uptake and lipid metabolism as well as modulating the antioxidant activity of the cell. In addition, the gut microbiota has also been described to be modulated by mushroom bioactive molecules, with implications in reducing liver inflammation during NAFLD progression. Dietary mushroom extracts have been reported to have anti-tumorigenic properties and to induce cell-death via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This calls for particular attention to the potential therapeutic properties of these natural compounds which may push the development of novel pharmacological options to treat NASH and HCC. We here review the diverse effects of mushroom-enriched diets in liver disease, emphasizing those effects that are dependent on mitochondria.
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Yu Z, Mao C, Fu X, Ma M. High Density Lipoprotein from Egg Yolk (EYHDL) Improves Dyslipidemia by Mediating Fatty Acids Metabolism in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:179-196. [PMID: 31149661 PMCID: PMC6533406 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of high density lipoprotein from egg yolk (EYHDL) on
serum, hepatic and fecal lipid and fatty acids (FAs) levels and on gene
expression involved in FAs metabolism. Male KM mice were fed either normal diet
(ND; n=20), high fat diet (HFD; n=20), or high fat diet containing
EYHDL (EYHDL; 0.6 mg/g, every day by oral gavage, n=20) for 100 days. At
the end of the experiment, the effects of treatments on biochemical parameters,
FAs profiles and involved gene expression were analyzed. Our results revealed
that EYHDL markedly suppressed the body weight gain, accumulation of abdominal
fat tissues, serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides,
hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation, while increased serum
concentration of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). EYHDL intake also increased total
cholesterol (TC) excretions compared with HFD group. Moreover, it alleviated the
severity of fatty liver and improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared with
HFD. More importantly, EYHDL partially normalized FAs profiles in serum, liver
and fecaces and neutralized the HFD-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c, Acaca,
Fasn, GPAT and Scd1. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EYHDL may have
the potential to improve metabolic disturbances that occur in HFD mice and can
be considered as an appropriate dietary recommendation for the treatment of
metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yu
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Changyi Mao
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Fu
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Meihu Ma
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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23
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Quinoa intake reduces plasma and liver cholesterol, lessens obesity-associated inflammation, and helps to prevent hepatic steatosis in obese db/db mouse. Food Chem 2019; 287:107-114. [PMID: 30857678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate if quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a good source of nutrients, fibre, and phytochemicals, can modulate risk disease biomarkers on obese-diabetic (db/db) mice. The db/db mice fed quinoa-supplemented (quinoa) or AIN-93G diet (obese) were compared to lean control fed AIN-93G diet. Quinoa intake reduced at significant level plasma total-cholesterol (total-c), LDL-c, and oxidized-LDL to levels similar to lean; lessened protein carbonyls and interleukin (IL)-6. The hepatic steatosis and total-c accumulation in liver were also similar between lean and quinoa and lower than obese. Quinoa fibre and phytochemicals may have contributed to these health benefits. However, quinoa intake increased plasma insulin and did not protect from other pathophysiological manifestations of the db/db research model. More studies are needed with other research models and quinoa doses achievable by human diet to validate the clinical relevance of this study.
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Liu SH, Chiu CY, Huang LH, Chiang MT. Resistant Maltodextrin Ameliorates Altered Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020291. [PMID: 30699992 PMCID: PMC6413141 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that resistant maltodextrin (RMD) possesses blood cholesterol lowering and anti-obesity effects. In order to investigate the effect of RMD on lipid metabolism in the liver, rats were fed with a high-fat (HF) diet for 7 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Normal control rats were fed with a normal diet. HF-diet-fed rats were treated with 5% RMD for 8 weeks. The results showed that the increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, the increased hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and fatty liver in HF-diet-fed rats were significantly decreased after supplementation with RMD. Supplementation with RMD significantly (1) induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation; (2) inhibited the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR); (3) suppressed the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ; (4) increased β-oxidation of fatty acids by increasing the protein expression carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT-1α) in the livers of HF-diet-fed rats. Taken together, supplementation of RMD was capable of inhibiting lipogenic enzyme activities and inducing fatty acid β-oxidation through increasing AMPK activation, thereby reducing lipid accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Lin-Hui Huang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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Abenavoli L, Di Renzo L, Boccuto L, Alwardat N, Gratteri S, De Lorenzo A. Health benefits of Mediterranean diet in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:873-881. [PMID: 30033779 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1503947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Insulin resistance and obesity-related inflammatory status, associated with genetic, dietary, and lifestyle factors, are involved in its pathogenesis. There is no consensus concerning the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD. However, the international guidelines agree to define a dietetic nutritional management to achieve weight loss, as an essential component of any therapeutic strategy. Areas covered: An overview on the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Expert commentary: On the basis of its components, the literature reports the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet in preventing major chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some forms of cancers. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has supported the idea that the Mediterranean diet, associated with physical activity and cognitive behavior therapy, may be the reference nutritional profile for the prevention and the treatment of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- a Department of Health Sciences , University Magna Graecia , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- c Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood , Clemson University School of Health Research , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Nuha Alwardat
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- d Department of Surgery and Medical Science , University Magna Graecia , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- b Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
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26
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Miao C, Xie Z, Chang J. Critical Roles of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Fatty Liver: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:423-449. [PMID: 29951838 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current understanding of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated modulation of the gene expression in the fatty liver as well as related signaling pathways. Because of the breadth and diversity of miRNAs, miRNAs may have a very wide variety of biological functions, and much evidence has confirmed that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. In the pathophysiological mechanism of fatty liver, miRNAs may be regulated by upstream regulators, and have their own regulatory targets. miRNAs display important roles in the pathological mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At present, most of the miRNA studies are focused on cell and tissue levels, and in vivo studies will help us elucidate the regulation of miRNAs and help us evaluate the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, there is evidence that miRNAs are involved in the mechanism of natural medicine treatment in fatty liver. Given the important roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fatty liver, we predict that studies of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fatty liver will contribute to the elucidation of fatty liver pathology and the treatment of fatty liver patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology of Tea and Food, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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