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Zhang L, Tang Y, Huang P, Luo S, She Z, Peng H, Chen Y, Luo J, Duan W, Xiong J, Liu L, Liu L. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system diseases. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:75. [PMID: 38849934 PMCID: PMC11162045 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most delicate system in human body, with the most complex structure and function. It is vulnerable to trauma, infection, neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases, and activates the immune system. An appropriate inflammatory response contributes to defence against invading microbes, whereas an excessive inflammatory response can aggravate tissue damage. The NLRP3 inflammasome was the first one studied in the brain. Once primed and activated, it completes the assembly of inflammasome (sensor NLRP3, adaptor ASC, and effector caspase-1), leading to caspase-1 activation and increased release of downstream inflammatory cytokines, as well as to pyroptosis. Cumulative studies have confirmed that NLRP3 plays an important role in regulating innate immunity and autoimmune diseases, and its inhibitors have shown good efficacy in animal models of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of NLRP3 inflammasome, summarize the recent advances and clinical impact of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infectious, inflammatory, immune, degenerative, genetic, and vascular diseases of CNS, and discuss the potential and challenges of NLRP3 as a therapeutic target for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Yufen Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Senlin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Zhou She
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Jinwen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Wangxin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, HuChina, 410011, China.
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Kmail A. Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220857. [PMID: 38645751 PMCID: PMC11032100 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet, herbal remedies, and their phytochemicals on various gastrointestinal conditions and reviews the global use of medicinal plants for common digestive problems. The review highlights key plants and their mechanisms of action and summarizes the latest findings on how plant-based products influence the digestive system and how they work. We searched various sources of literature and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus. Our focus was on gathering relevant papers published between 2013 and August 2023. Certain plants exhibit potential in preventing or treating digestive diseases and cancers. Notable examples include Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Cynodon dactylon, and Vaccinium myrtillus. The phytochemical analysis of the plants showed that compounds such as quercetin, anthocyanins, curcumin, phenolics, isoflavones glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins constitute the main active substances within these plants. These natural remedies have the potential to enhance the digestive system and alleviate pain and discomfort in patients. However, further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and safety of herbal medicines to use their active ingredients for the development of natural and effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalsalam Kmail
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University Jenin, P. O. Box 240, Jenin, Palestine
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Asuku AO, Ayinla MT, Ajibare AJ, Olajide TS. Mercury chloride causes cognitive impairment, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats: The potential protective effect of 6-gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale via regulation of antioxidant defence system and reversal of pro-inflammatory markers increase. Brain Res 2024; 1826:148741. [PMID: 38157955 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 6-gingerol-rich fraction of Zingiber officinale (6-GIRIFZO) on mercury chloride (HgCl2)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty -five male Wistar rats weighing between (150-200 g) were divided randomly into five groups (n = 7): group 1: control, received 0.5 mL of normal saline, group 2: received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 3: received N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (50 mg/kg) as well as HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 4: received 6-GIRIFZO (100 mg/kg) and HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), group 5: had 6-GIRIFZO (200 mg/kg) and HgCl2 (5 mg/kg), consecutively for 14 days. On the day14, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests using a Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. The rats were then euthanized to obtain brain samples for the determination of biochemical parameters (acetylcholinesterase (AchE), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) using standard methods. The result revealed a significant increase in escape latency and a significant decrease in recognition ratio in the rats that were exposed to HgCl2 only. However, 6-GIRIFZO produced a significant reduction in the escape latency and (p < 0.05) increase in the recognition ratio. Similarly, HgCl2 exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the brain SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH with increased brain levels of MDA, NO, AchE, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6. Similarly to the standard drug, NAC, 6-GIRIFZO (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased brain SOD, GPx, CAT, and GSH levels with decreased concentrations of MDA, NO, AchE, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6. Also, pre-treatment with 6-GIRIFZO prevented the HgCl2-induced morphological aberrations in the rats. This study concludes that 6-GIRIFZO prevents HgCl2-induced cognitive deficit via reduction of brain inflammation as well as oxidative stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Olufemi Asuku
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Maryam Tayo Ayinla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Johnson Ajibare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tobiloba Samuel Olajide
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Duan WL, Wang XJ, Ma YP, Sheng ZM, Dong H, Zhang LY, Zhang BG, He MT. Therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3‑mediated inflammatory response and pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:46. [PMID: 38275110 PMCID: PMC10835666 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke poses a major threat to human health. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) need to be further clarified, and the associated treatment approaches require exploration. The NOD‑like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome serves an important role in causing CIRI, and its activation exacerbates the underlying injury. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the maturation and production of the inflammatory molecules IL‑1β and IL‑18, as well as gasdermin‑D‑mediated pyroptosis and CIRI damage. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a viable target for the treatment of CIRI. In the present review, the mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the intense inflammatory response and pyroptosis induced by CIRI are discussed, and the therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3‑mediated inflammatory response and pyroptosis in CIRI are summarized. At present, certain drugs have already been studied, highlighting future therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Duan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jie Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Mei Sheng
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Gang Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Tao He
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Xu H, Li C, Han B, Zhang Y. Exploring Chinese herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: insights into microglia and signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333006. [PMID: 38318134 PMCID: PMC10838993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a prevalent clinical condition affecting the central nervous system, characterized by a high mortality and disability rate. Its incidence is progressively rising, particularly among younger individuals, posing a significant threat to human well-being. The activation and polarization of microglia, leading to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, are widely recognized as pivotal factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs) boasts a rich historical background, notable efficacy, and minimal adverse effects. It exerts its effects by modulating microglia activation and polarization, suppressing inflammatory responses, and ameliorating nerve injury through the mediation of microglia and various associated pathways (such as NF-κB signaling pathway, Toll-like signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, among others). Consequently, this article focuses on microglia as a therapeutic target, reviewing relevant pathway of literature on TCHMs to mitigate neuroinflammation and mediate IS injury, while also exploring research on drug delivery of TCHMs. The ultimate goal is to provide new insights that can contribute to the clinical management of IS using TCHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bingbing Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Xu C, Zhu J, Gong G, Guo L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Ma C. Anthocyanin attenuates high salt-induced hypertension via inhibiting the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2233717. [PMID: 37454306 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2233717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanin plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease through antioxidant effect. Whether anthocyanin can reduce salt-induced hypertension and the related mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Chronic infusion of vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF, 0.4 μL/h) or anthocyanin (10 mg/kg, 0.4 μL/h) into bilateral paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of Sprague-Dawley rats was performed. Then, the rats were fed a high salt diet (8% NaCl, HS) or normal salt diet (0.9%, NaCl, NS) for 4 weeks. RESULTS High salt diet induced an increase in blood pressure and peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (increased LF/HF and decreased SDNN and RMSSD), which was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) expression and function in the PVN. Moreover, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and related inflammatory proteins (caspase-1) expression, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels including IL-1β and TNF-α were higher in PVN of rats with a high salt diet. Bilateral PVN infusion of anthocyanin attenuated NLRP3-dependent inflammation (NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and TNF-α) and ROS production, reduced AT1R expression and function in PVN and lowered peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats with salt-induced hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Excessive salt intake activates NLRP3-dependent inflammation and oxidative stress and increased AT1R expression and function in the PVN. Bilateral PVN infusion of anthocyanin lowers peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats with salt-induced hypertension by improvement of expression and function of AT1R in the PVN through inhibiting NLRP3 related inflammatory and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Gong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Qijiang People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Waly DA, Zeid AHA, Attia HN, Ahmed KA, El-Kashoury ESA, El Halawany AM, Mohammed RS. Comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Persea americana Mill. fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS and anti-arthritic evaluation using adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3243-3262. [PMID: 37936023 PMCID: PMC10692038 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Persea americana Mill. (avocado fruit) has many health benefits when added to our diet due to various pharmacological activities, such as preventing bone loss and inflammation, modulating immune response and acting as an antioxidant. In the current study, the total ethanol extract (TEE) of the fruit was investigated for in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity via DPPH and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Biological evaluation of the antiarthritic effect of the fruit extract was further investigated in vivo using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis model, where the average percentages of body weight change, inhibition of paw edema, basal paw diameter/weight and spleen index were estimated for all animal groups. Inflammatory mediators such as serum IL-6 and TNF-α were also determined, in addition to histopathological examination of the dissected limbs isolated from all experimental animals. Eighty-one metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were detected in the TEE of P. americana fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS. Two classes of lyso-glycerophospholipids; lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines and lysoglycerophosphocholines were detected for the first time in avocado fruit in the positive mode. The TEE of fruit exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo anti-arthritic activity of the fruit TEE improved paw parameters, inflammatory mediators and spleen index. Histopathological findings showed marked improvements in the arthritic condition of the excised limbs. Therefore, avocado fruit could be proposed to be a powerful antioxidant and antiarthritic natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Atef Waly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aisha Hussein Abou Zeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Mahmoud El Halawany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Reda Sayed Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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Zaa CA, Marcelo ÁJ, An Z, Medina-Franco JL, Velasco-Velázquez MA. Anthocyanins: Molecular Aspects on Their Neuroprotective Activity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1598. [PMID: 38002280 PMCID: PMC10669056 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoids that give plants and fruits their vibrant colors. They are known for their potent antioxidant properties and have been linked to various health benefits. Upon consumption, anthocyanins are quickly absorbed and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Research based on population studies suggests that including anthocyanin-rich sources in the diet lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Anthocyanins exhibit neuroprotective effects that could potentially alleviate symptoms associated with such diseases. In this review, we compiled and discussed a large body of evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of anthocyanins. Our examination encompasses human studies, animal models, and cell cultures. We delve into the connection between anthocyanin bioactivities and the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Our findings highlight how anthocyanins' antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties contribute to their neuroprotective effects. These effects are particularly relevant to key signaling pathways implicated in the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In conclusion, the outcome of this review suggests that integrating anthocyanin-rich foods into human diets could potentially serve as a therapeutic approach for neurological conditions, and we identify promising avenues for further exploration in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Zaa
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Álvaro J. Marcelo
- School of Biology, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15088, Peru;
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutic Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico;
| | - Marco A. Velasco-Velázquez
- Texas Therapeutic Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico
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Zheng X, Zhang X, Dong L, Zhao J, Zhang C, Chen R. Neuroprotective mechanism of salvianolic acid B against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice through downregulation of TLR4, p-p38MAPK, p-JNK, NF-κB, and IL-1β. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1030. [PMID: 37904689 PMCID: PMC10549825 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue injury and inflammation are two potential outcomes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is one of the major water-soluble compounds with a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we explored the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of Sal B after I/R injury. METHODS We induced cerebral ischemia in male CD-1 mice through transient (60 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and then injected Sal B (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Neurological deficits, infarct volumes, and brain edema were assessed at 24 and 72 h after tMCAO. We detected the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P-p38 MAPK), phosphorylated c-Jun amino (N)-terminal kinases (p-JNK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain tissue. RESULTS Compared with the tMCAO group, Sal B significantly improved neurological deficits, reduced infarct size, attenuated cerebral edema, and downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators TLR4, p-p38MAPK, p-JNK, nuclear NF-κB, and IL-1β in brain tissue after I/R injury. CONCLUSION We found that Sal B protects brain tissues from I/R injury by activating its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐fen Zheng
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Department of PediatricsTangshan Central HospitalTangshanHebeiPR China
| | - Xiang‐jian Zhang
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseaseShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular HomeostasisShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
| | - Li‐peng Dong
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
| | - Jing‐ru Zhao
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Department of NeurologyHebei General HospitalShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of NeurologySecond Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio‐cerebrovascular DiseaseShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular HomeostasisShijiazhuangHebeiPR China
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Ijinu TP, De Lellis LF, Shanmugarama S, Pérez-Gregorio R, Sasikumar P, Ullah H, Buccato DG, Di Minno A, Baldi A, Daglia M. Anthocyanins as Immunomodulatory Dietary Supplements: A Nutraceutical Perspective and Micro-/Nano-Strategies for Enhanced Bioavailability. Nutrients 2023; 15:4152. [PMID: 37836436 PMCID: PMC10574533 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to modulate the immune system. Research has revealed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in immune regulation by influencing key immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Moreover, ACNs contribute towards maintaining a balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus promoting immune health. Beyond their direct effects on immune cells, ACNs significantly impact gut health and the microbiota, essential factors in immune regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that they positively influence the composition of the gut microbiome, enhancing their immunomodulatory effects. Furthermore, these compounds synergize with other bioactive substances, such as vitamins and minerals, further enhancing their potential as immune-supporting dietary supplements. However, detailed clinical studies must fully validate these findings and determine safe dosages across varied populations. Incorporating these natural compounds into functional foods or supplements could revolutionize the management of immune-related conditions. Personalized nutrition and healthcare strategies may be developed to enhance overall well-being and immune resilience by fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the actions of their components. Recent advancements in delivery methods have focused on improving the bioavailability and effectiveness of ACNs, providing promising avenues for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyan Parambil Ijinu
- Naturæ Scientific, Kerala University-Business Innovation and Incubation Centre, Kariavattom Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India;
- The National Society of Ethnopharmacology, VRA-179, Mannamoola, Peroorkada P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695005, India
| | - Lorenza Francesca De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- Food and Health Omics Group, Institute of Agroecology and Food, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Daniele Giuseppe Buccato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.F.D.L.); (D.G.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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11
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Posadino AM, Giordo R, Ramli I, Zayed H, Nasrallah GK, Wehbe Z, Eid AH, Gürer ES, Kennedy JF, Aldahish AA, Calina D, Razis AFA, Modu B, Habtemariam S, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G, Cho WC. An updated overview of cyanidins for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114783. [PMID: 37121149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are colored polyphenolic compounds that belong to the flavonoids family and are largely present in many vegetables and fruits. They have been used in traditional medicine in many cultures for a long time. The most common and abundant anthocyanins are those presenting an O-glycosylation at C-3 (C ring) of the flavonoid skeleton to form -O-β-glucoside derivatives. The present comprehensive review summarized recent data on the anticancer properties of cyanidings along with natural sources, phytochemical data, traditional medical applications, molecular mechanisms and recent nanostrategies to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of cyanidins. For this analysis, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies published up to the year 2022 were sourced from scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed/Medline, Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley and TRIP database. Cyanidins' antitumor properties are exerted during different stages of carcinogenesis and are based on a wide variety of biological activities. The data gathered and discussed in this review allows for affirming that cyanidins have relevant anticancer activity in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Future research should focus on studies that bring new data on improving the bioavailability of anthocyanins and on conducting detailed translational pharmacological studies to accurately establish the effective anticancer dose in humans as well as the correct route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Ramli
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université des frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zena Wehbe
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Research Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Afaf Ahmed Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, 1069 Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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12
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Guan Y, Cao YL, Liu JW, Liu LT, Zheng YJ, Ma XF, Zhai FG. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting the inflammatory activation of microglia. Exp Cell Res 2023; 426:113552. [PMID: 36914061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
It is recognized that the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury triggers inflammatory activation of microglia and supports microglia-driven neuronal damage. Our previous studies have shown that ginsenoside Rg1 had a significant protective effect on focal cerebral I/R injury in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. However, the mechanism still needs further clarification. Here, we firstly reported that ginsenoside Rg1 effectively suppressed the inflammatory activation of brain microglia cells under I/R conditions depending on the inhibition of Toll-likereceptor4 (TLR4) proteins. In vivo experiments showed that the ginsenoside Rg1 administration could significantly improve the cognitive function of MCAO rats, and in vitro experimental data showed that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly alleviated neuronal damage via inhibiting the inflammatory response in microglia cells co-cultured under oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) condition in gradient dependent. The mechanism study showed that the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 depends on the suppression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and TLR4/TRIF/IRF-3 pathways in microglia cells. In a word, our research shows that ginsenoside Rg1 has great application potential in attenuating the cerebral I/R injury by targeting TLR4 protein in the microglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lan-Tao Liu
- Graduate School of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Xue-Fei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Pharmacology, Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng, 137701, Jilin Province, China
| | - Feng-Guo Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China; Institute of Natural Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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13
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Oral Treatment with the Extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Improves Motor Dysfunction and Reduces Brain Injury in Rats Subjected to Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051207. [PMID: 36904206 PMCID: PMC10005587 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. The pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the formation of the stroke lesions range from the bioenergetic failure of the cells and the intense production of reactive oxygen species to neuroinflammation. The fruit of the açaí palm, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO), is consumed by traditional populations in the Brazilian Amazon region, and it is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated whether the clarified extract of EO was capable of reducing the area of lesion and promoting neuronal survival following ischemic stroke in rats. Animals submitted to ischemic stroke and treated with EO extract presented a significant improvement in their neurological deficit from the ninth day onward. We also observed a reduction in the extent of the cerebral injury and the preservation of the neurons of the cortical layers. Taken together, our findings indicate that treatment with EO extract in the acute phase following a stroke can trigger signaling pathways that culminate in neuronal survival and promote the partial recovery of neurological scores. However, further detailed studies of the intracellular signaling pathways are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved.
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14
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Behind the Scenes of Anthocyanins-From the Health Benefits to Potential Applications in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Fields. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235133. [PMID: 36501163 PMCID: PMC9738495 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widespread and biologically active water-soluble phenolic pigments responsible for a wide range of vivid colours, from red (acidic conditions) to purplish blue (basic conditions), present in fruits, vegetables, and coloured grains. The pigments' stability and colours are influenced mainly by pH but also by structure, temperature, and light. The colour-stabilizing mechanisms of plants are determined by inter- and intramolecular co-pigmentation and metal complexation, driven by van der Waals, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. This group of flavonoids is well-known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which explains the biological effects associated with them. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the role of anthocyanins as natural colorants, showing they are less harmful than conventional colorants, with several technological potential applications in different industrial fields, namely in the textile and food industries, as well as in the development of photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, as new photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, pharmaceuticals, and in the cosmetic industry, mainly on the formulation of skin care formulations, sunscreen filters, nail colorants, skin & hair cleansing products, amongst others. In addition, we will unveil some of the latest studies about the health benefits of anthocyanins, mainly focusing on the protection against the most prevalent human diseases mediated by oxidative stress, namely cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The contribution of anthocyanins to visual health is also very relevant and will be briefly explored.
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15
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, Almeida PP, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Bioactive compounds modulating Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-mediated inflammation: pathways involved and future perspectives. Nutr Res 2022; 107:96-116. [PMID: 36209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence suggests that pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns are crucial in chronic inflammation. Among the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates several inflammatory pathway agonists, such as nuclear factor-κB, interferon regulator factor 3, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 pathways, which consequently trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, increasing the risk of noncommunicable disease development and progression. Studies have focused on the antagonistic potential of bioactive compounds, following the concept of food as a medicine, in which nutritional strategies may mitigate inflammation via TLR4 modulation. Thus, this review discusses preclinical evidence concerning bioactive compounds from fruit, vegetable, spice, and herb extracts (curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, cinnamaldehyde, emodin, ginsenosides, quercetin, allicin, and caffeine) that may regulate the TLR4 pathway and reduce the inflammatory response. Bioactive compounds can inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammation through gut microbiota modulation, improvement of intestinal permeability, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 binding, and decreasing TLR4 expression by modulation of microRNAs and antioxidant pathways. The responses directly mitigated inflammation, especially nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines release. These findings should be considered for further clinical studies on inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Coutinho-Wolino
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia P Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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16
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Tao YW, Yang L, Chen SY, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Wu JS, Meng XL. Pivotal regulatory roles of traditional Chinese medicine in ischemic stroke via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115316. [PMID: 35513214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many studies have demonstrated the powerful neuroprotection abilities of multiple traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) against NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated ischemic cerebral injury. These TCMs may be in the form of TCM prescriptions, Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts, and TCM monomers. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aimed to analyze and summarize the existing knowledge on the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). We also summarized the mechanism of action of the various TCMs on the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may provide new insights for the management of IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed recently published articles by setting the keywords "NLRP3 inflammasome" and "traditional Chinese medicines" along with "ischemic stroke"; "NLRP3 inflammasome" and "ischemic stroke" along with "natural products" and so on in Pubmed and GeenMedical. RESULTS According to recent studies, 16 TCM prescriptions (officially authorized products and clinically effective TCM prescriptions), 7 Chinese herbal extracts, and 29 TCM monomers show protective effects against IS through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic, and anti-mitochondrial autophagy effects. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we analyzed studies on the involvement of NLRP3 in IS therapy. Further, we comprehensively and systematically summarized the current knowledge to provide a reference for the further application of TCMs in the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shi-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jia-Si Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xian-Li Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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17
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Roshan-Milani S, Sattari P, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Naderi R. miR-23b/TAB3/NF-κB/p53 axis is involved in hippocampus injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats: The protective effect of chlorogenic acid. Biofactors 2022; 48:908-917. [PMID: 35201648 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the main pathological aspect of neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However the detailed molecular mediators are still under debate. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of cerebral I/R on miR-23a/TGF-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 3 (TAB3)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p53 axis in rat hippocampus alone and in combination with chlorogenic acid (CGA). Common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) was performed by nylon monofilament for 20 min to establish a model of ischemic brain injury. CGA (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (ip), 10 min prior to ischemia and 10 min before reperfusion. Examination of hippocampus neurons by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining showed that the number of apoptotic neurons was elevated at 24 h after reperfusion. At the molecular levels, I/R injury resulted in an increased protein expression of p53 with a concomitant upregulation of cleaved-caspase3/phosphorelated-caspase3 ratio and cytochrome c level. Further miR-23b gene expression was significantly downregulated after 24 h of reperfusion. Also, we observed increased TAB3 and NF-κB protein expressions after 24 h following CCAO. Treatment with CGA significantly reduced the apoptotic damage and also reversed miR-23b gene expression, TAB3 and NF-κB protein expressions in hippocampus neurons in I/R rats. In conclusion our data suggest that miR-23b/TAB3/NF-κB/p53 axis could play a regulatory role in hippocampus cell death, which provide a new target for novel therapeutic interventions during transit ischemic stroke. It also demonstrated that CGA could reverse these molecular alterations indicating an effective component against hippocampus apoptotic insult following acute I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parisa Sattari
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Firouz Ghaderi-Pakdel
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Polyphenols for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: New Applications and Insights. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134181. [PMID: 35807426 PMCID: PMC9268254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, the main therapeutic strategy involves the use of intravenous thrombolysis to restore cerebral blood flow to prevent the transition of the penumbra to the infarct core. However, due to various limitations and complications, including the narrow time window in which this approach is effective, less than 10% of patients benefit from such therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies, with neuroprotection against the ischemic cascade response after IS being one of the most promising options. In the past few decades, polyphenolic compounds have shown great potential in animal models of IS because of their high biocompatibility and ability to target multiple ischemic cascade signaling pathways, although low bioavailability is an issue that limits the applications of several polyphenols. Here, we review the pathophysiological changes following cerebral ischemia and summarize the research progress regarding the applications of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of IS over the past 5 years. Furthermore, we discuss several potential strategies for improving the bioavailability of polyphenolic compounds as well as some essential issues that remain to be addressed for the translation of the related therapies to the clinic.
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19
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Wang L, Ren W, Wu Q, Liu T, Wei Y, Ding J, Zhou C, Xu H, Yang S. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:847440. [PMID: 35600078 PMCID: PMC9122020 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.847440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of patients are suffering from ischemic stroke, it is urgent to figure out the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in order to find an effective cure. After I/R injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines especially interleukin-1β (IL-1β) upregulates in ischemic brain cells, such as microglia and neuron. To ameliorate the inflammation after cerebral I/R injury, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is well-investigated. NLRP3 inflammasomes are complicated protein complexes that are activated by endogenous and exogenous danger signals to participate in the inflammatory response. The assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome lead to the caspase-1-dependent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death that occurs in a dependent manner on NLRP3 inflammasomes after cerebral I/R injury. In this review, we summarized the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; moreover, we also concluded the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibitors, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingjuan Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiru Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houping Xu
- Preventive Treatment Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Houping Xu
| | - Sijin Yang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang
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20
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Zhang S, Yu Z, Sun L, Ren H, Zheng X, Liang S, Qi X. An overview of the nutritional value, health properties, and future challenges of Chinese bayberry. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13070. [PMID: 35265403 PMCID: PMC8900607 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese bayberry (CB) is among the most popular and valuable fruits in China owing to its attractive color and unique sweet/sour taste. Recent studies have highlighted the nutritional value and health-related benefits of CB. CB has special biological characteristics of evergreen, special aroma, dioecious, nodulation, nitrogen fixation. Moreover, the fruits, leaves, and bark of CB plants harbor a number of bioactive compounds including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, vitamin C, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins that have been linked to the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties and to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The CB fruits have been used to produce a range of products: beverages, foods, and washing supplies. Future CB-related product development is thus expected to further leverage the health-promoting potential of this valuable ecological resource. The present review provides an overview of the botanical characteristics, processing, nutritional value, health-related properties, and applications of CB in order to provide a foundation for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Zheping Yu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Haiying Ren
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Xiliang Zheng
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Senmiao Liang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou, Jianggan, China
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21
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Li R, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Li J, Zheng Y, Fan X. The natural (poly)phenols as modulators of microglia polarization via TLR4/NF-κB pathway exert anti-inflammatory activity in ischemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174660. [PMID: 34863710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences suggest that inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of stroke, a devastating disease second only to cardiac ischemia as a cause of death worldwide. Microglia are the first non-neuronal cells on the scene during the innate immune response to acute ischemic stroke. Microglia respond to acute brain injury by activating and developing classic M1-like (pro-inflammatory) or alternative M2-like (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. M1 microglia produce pro-inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate neural death, astrocyte apoptosis, and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, while M2 microglia play the opposite role. NF-κB, a central regulator of the inflammatory response, was responsible for microglia M1 and M2 polarization. NF-κB p65 and p50 form a heterodimer to initiate a pro-inflammatory cytokine response, which enhances M1 activation and impair M2 response of microglia. TLR4, expressed on the surface of microglia, plays an important role in activating NF-κB, ultimately causing the M1 response of microglia. Therefore, modulation of microglial phenotypes via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Dietary (poly)phenols are present in various foods, which have shown promising protective effects on ischemic stroke. In vivo studies strongly suggest that many (poly)phenols have a pronounced impact on ischemic stroke, as demonstrated by lower neuroinflammation. Thus, this review focuses on the anti-inflammatory properties of dietary (poly)phenols and discusses their effects on the polarization of microglia through modulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jieying Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yingyi Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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22
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The Influence of Mitochondrial-DNA-Driven Inflammation Pathways on Macrophage Polarization: A New Perspective for Targeted Immunometabolic Therapy in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010135. [PMID: 35008558 PMCID: PMC8745401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is related to inflammation driven by free mitochondrial DNA. At the same time, the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, that is, polarization in the M1 direction, aggravates the cycle of inflammatory damage. They promote each other and eventually transform macrophages/microglia into neurotoxic macrophages by improving macrophage glycolysis, transforming arginine metabolism, and controlling fatty acid synthesis. Therefore, we propose targeting the mtDNA-driven inflammatory response while controlling the metabolic state of macrophages in brain tissue to reduce the possibility of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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23
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Pang Y, Wu S, He Y, Nian Q, Lei J, Yao Y, Guo J, Zeng J. Plant-Derived Compounds as Promising Therapeutics for Vitiligo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685116. [PMID: 34858164 PMCID: PMC8631938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder characterized by white patches in the skin. The pathogenetic origin of vitiligo revolves around autoimmune destruction of melanocytes in which, for instance, oxidative stress is responsible for melanocyte molecular, organelle dysfunction and melanocyte specific antigen exposure as well as melanocyte cell death and thus serves as an important contributor for vitiligo progression. In recent years, natural products have shown a wide range of pharmacological bioactivities against many skin diseases, and this review focuses on the effects and mechanisms of natural compounds against vitiligo models. It is showed that some natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, glycosides and coumarins have a protective role in melanocytes and thereby arrest the depigmentation, and, additionally, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, JAK/STAT, cAMP/PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were reported to be implicated in these protective effects. This review discusses the great potential of plant derived natural products as anti-vitiligo agents, as well as the future directions to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Pang
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie He
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yejing Yao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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24
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Goya L, Román RS, de Pascual-Teresa S. Polyphenols effect on cerebrovascular health. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1029-1044. [PMID: 34844534 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211129123459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a wide group of plant components that include a high number of individual compounds and are present in foods, dietary supplements and drugs. Many of them have shown pharmacological effects, are used in cardiovascular disease prevention, and not as many have been assayed in cancer treatment or co-treatment. In the last few years, however, the research on polyphenols implications in a healthy aging and especially in neurodegeneration and cognition improvement has increased dramatically. Most of the results found in this sense are again related with the capacity of some specific polyphenols to regulate the blood flow, but this time at the cerebral level, and to protect the endothelium at this same level. In this thorough review, we want to concentrate precisely on the effect of polyphenols on the cerebrovascular homeostasis, reviewing the mechanisms that underline this effect and the radiological methods and endogenous biomarkers that are used in human trials aimed at showing the beneficial effect of polyphenols or polyphenols rich foods on neuroprotection and cognition function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Goya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid. Spain
| | - Ricardo San Román
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid. Spain
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid. Spain
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25
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An Insight into Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Inflammation Related Diseases of Anthocyanins: A Review of Both In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011076. [PMID: 34681733 PMCID: PMC8540239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin is a type of flavonoid pigment widely present in fruits and vegetables. It can not only be used as natural pigment, but also has a variety of health functions, for instance, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. Persistent proinflammatory status is a major factor in the development, progression, and complications of chronic diseases. Not surprisingly, there are thus many food ingredients that can potentially affect inflammation related diseases and many studies have shown that anthocyanins play an important role in inflammatory pathways. In this paper, the inflammation related diseases (such as, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) of anthocyanins are introduced, and the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins is emphatically introduced. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of anthocyanins is elaborated from the aspects of NF-κB, toll like receptor, MAPKs, NO, and ROS and the main efficacy of anthocyanins in inflammation and related diseases is determined. In conclusion, this review aims to get a clear insight into the role of anthocyanins in inflammation related diseases.
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26
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Di Santo MC, D' Antoni CL, Domínguez Rubio AP, Alaimo A, Pérez OE. Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles designed to encapsulate polyphenolic compounds for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications - A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111970. [PMID: 34333289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based polyphenols are natural compounds, present in fruits and vegetables. During recent years, polyphenols have gained special attention due to their nutraceutical and pharmacological activities for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Nevertheless, their photosensitivity and low bioavailability, rapid metabolism and short biological half-life represent the major limitations for their use, which could be overcome by polyphenols encapsulation (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) into chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP) based nanoparticles (NP). In this review, we particularly focused on the ionic gelation method for the NP design. This contribution exhaustively discusses and compares results of scientific reports published in the last decade referring to ionic gelation applied for the protection, controlled and site-directed delivery of polyphenols. As a consequence, CS-TPP NP would constitute true platforms to transport polyphenols, or a combination of them, to be used for the designing of a new generation of drugs or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carolina Di Santo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia Luciana D' Antoni
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Paula Domínguez Rubio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Edgardo Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Targeting Common Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Stroke and Alzheimer's: a Comprehensive Review. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1589-1612. [PMID: 34169405 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two inter-related disorders that affect the neurons in the brain and central nervous system. Alzheimer's is a disease by undefined origin and causes. Stroke and its most common type, ischemic stroke (IS), occurs due to the blockade of cerebral blood vessels. As an important feature, both of disorders are associated with irreversible damages to the brain and nervous system. In this regard, finding common signaling pathways and the same molecular origin between these two diseases may be a promising way for their solution. On the basis of literature appraisal, the most common signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and stroke including notch, autophagy, inflammatory, and insulin signaling pathways were reviewed. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies including natural and synthetic pharmaceuticals aiming modulation of respective signaling factors were scrutinized to ameliorate neural deficits in AD and stroke. Taken together, digging deeper in the common connections and signal targeting can be greatly helpful in understanding and unified treating of these disorders.
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28
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Özenver N, Efferth T. Phytochemical inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105710. [PMID: 34089866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome holds a crucial role in innate immune responses. Pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns may initiate inflammasome activation and following inflammatory cytokine release. The inflammasome formation and its-associated activity are involved in various pathological conditions such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, metabolic, renal, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although the mechanism behind NLRP3-mediated disorders have not been entirely illuminated, many phytochemicals and medicinal plants have been described to prevent inflammatory disorders. In the present review, we mainly introduced phytochemicals inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in addition to NLRP3-mediated diseases. For this purpose, we performed a systematic literature search by screening PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. By compiling the data of phytochemical inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a complex balance between inflammasome activation or inhibition with NLRP3 as central player was pointed out in NLRP3-driven pathological conditions. Phytochemicals represent potential therapeutic leads, enabling the generation of chemical derivatives with improved pharmacological features to treat NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Gou X, Xu D, Li F, Hou K, Fang W, Li Y. Pyroptosis in stroke-new insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:511-529. [PMID: 33942252 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a common disease with high mortality and disability worldwide. Different forms of cell deaths, including apoptosis and necrosis, occur in ischemic or hemorrhagic brain tissue, among which pyroptosis, a newly discovered inflammation-related programmed cell death, is generally divided into two main pathways, the canonical inflammasome pathway and the non-canonical inflammasome pathway. Caspase-mediated pyroptosis requires the assembly of inflammasomes such as NLRP3, which leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 through the pores formed in the plasma membrane by GSDMD followed by neuroinflammation. Recently, pyroptosis and its relationship with inflammation have attracted more and more attention in the study of cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. In addition, many inhibitors of pyroptosis targeting caspase, NLRP3, and the upstream pathway have been found to reduce brain tissue damage after stroke. In this review, we mainly introduce the pathology of stroke, the molecular mechanism, and process of pyroptosis, as well as the pivotal roles of pyroptosis in stroke, in order to provide new insights for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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30
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Bagherniya M, Khedmatgozar H, Fakheran O, Xu S, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4804-4833. [PMID: 33856730 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that induces caspase-1 activation and the downstream substrates involved with the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α). The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by a wide range of danger signals that derive from metabolic dysregulation. Activation of this complex often involves the adaptor ASC and upstream sensors including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and pyrin, which are activated by different stimuli including infectious agents and changes in cell homeostasis. It has been shown that nutraceuticals and medicinal plants have antiinflammatory properties and could be used as complementary therapy in the treatment of several chronic diseases that are related to inflammation, for example, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Herb-based medicine has demonstrated protective effects against NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the possible mechanisms of action of these natural products. Thus, herb-based, natural products/compounds can be considered novel, practical, and accessible agents in chronic inflammatory diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Fakheran
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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Saleh HA, Yousef MH, Abdelnaser A. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606069. [PMID: 33868227 PMCID: PMC8044831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to maintain innate immune homeostasis and to avoid persistent inflammatory immune responses. The gene expression of many of these regulators is controlled by different epigenetic modifications. The remarkable impact of epigenetic changes in inducing or suppressing inflammatory signaling is being increasingly recognized. Several studies have highlighted the interplay of histone modification, DNA methylation, and post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated modifications in inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. Targeting these epigenetic alterations affords the opportunity of attenuating different inflammatory dysregulations. In this regard, many studies have identified the significant anti-inflammatory properties of distinct naturally-derived phytochemicals, and revealed their regulatory capacity. In the current review, we demonstrate the signaling cascade during the immune response and the epigenetic modifications that take place during inflammation. Moreover, we also provide an updated overview of phytochemicals that target these mechanisms in macrophages and other experimental models, and go on to illustrate the effects of these phytochemicals in regulating epigenetic mechanisms and attenuating aberrant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Yousef
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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32
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Zhang Q, Yin J, Xu F, Zhai J, Yin J, Ge M, Zhou W, Li N, Qin X, Li Y, Wang S. Isoflurane post-conditioning contributes to anti-apoptotic effect after cerebral ischaemia in rats through the ERK5/MEF2D signaling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3803-3815. [PMID: 33621420 PMCID: PMC8051747 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of brain protection during ischaemic reperfusion injury induced by isoflurane (ISO) post‐conditioning are unclear. Myocyte enhancement factor 2 (MEF2D) has been shown to promote neural survival in a variety of models, in which multiple survival and death signals converge on MEF2D and modulate its activity. Here, we investigated the effect of MEF2D on the neuroprotective effects of ISO post‐conditioning on rats after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery with ischaemia for 90 minutes and reperfusion for 24‐48 hours. After MCAO, neurological status was assessed at 12, 24 and 48 hours by the Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) test. The passive avoidance test (PAT) was used to assess cognition function. Histological and neuropathological evaluations were performed with HE staining and Nissl's staining, respectively. We measured the expression of MEF2D, ERK5, GFAP and caspase‐3 by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting, and TUNEL staining to assess the severity of apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 area. We found that MEF2D was involved in nerve protection after I/R injury, and post‐treatment of ISO significantly promoted the phosphorylation of ERK5, increased MEF2D transcriptional activity, inhibited the expression of caspase‐3 and played a role of brain protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Jiangwen Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jieting Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Mingyue Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenyi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Nian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xinlei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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33
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Hou K, Li G, Yu J, Xu K, Wu W. Receptors, Channel Proteins, and Enzymes Involved in Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation and Treatments by Targeting Microglia in Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2021; 460:167-180. [PMID: 33609636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the largest contributor to global neurological disability-adjusted life-years, posing a huge economic and social burden to the world. Though pharmacological recanalization with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke, clinically, there is still no effective treatment for the secondary injury caused by cerebral ischemia. In recent years, more and more evidences show that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of ischemic cerebral injury. Microglia are brain resident innate immune cells and act the role peripheral macrophages. They play critical roles in mediating neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is not an isolated process and has complex relationships with other pathophysiological processes as oxidative/nitrative stress, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and adaptive immune response. Upon activation, microglia differentially express various receptors, channel proteins, and enzymes involved in promoting or inhibiting the inflammatory processes, making them the targets of intervention for ischemic stroke. To inhibit microglia-related neuroinflammation and promote neurological recovery after ischemic stroke, numerous biochemical agents, cellular therapies, and physical methods have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potentials. Though accumulating experimental evidences have demonstrated that targeting microglia is a promising approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical progress is slow. Till now, no clinical study could provide convincing evidence that any biochemical or physical therapies could exert neuroprotective effect by specifically targeting microglia following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Guichen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
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Anthocyanins from Hibiscus syriacus L. Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome in BV2 Microglia Cells by Alleviating NF- κB- and ER Stress-Induced Ca 2+ Accumulation and Mitochondrial ROS Production. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1246491. [PMID: 33613822 PMCID: PMC7878077 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1246491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins from the petals of Hibiscus syriacus L. (PS) possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimelanogenic activities. However, it remains unclear whether PS inhibit the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and assembly. This study is aimed at investigating whether PS downregulate NLRP3-mediated inflammasome by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. BV2 microglia cells were treated with PS in the presence of lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (LPS/ATP), and the NLRP3-related signaling pathway was investigated. In this study, we found that LPS/ATP treatment activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which resulted in the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Meanwhile, PS reduced LPS/ATP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome at 12 h by inhibiting ER stress-mediated Ca2+ accumulation and subsequent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, which, in turn, decreased IL-1β and IL-18 release. Furthermore, PS inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome 1 h after LPS/ATP treatment by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, which downregulated Ca2+ accumulation and mtROS production. These data showed that PS negatively regulated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a time-different manner by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in the early stage and the ER stress response in the late stage. The pathways shared Ca2+ accumulation-mediated mtROS production, which was significantly inhibited in the presence of PS. In conclusion, our results suggested that PS has potential as a supplement against NLRP3 inflammasome-related inflammatory disorders; nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine the effect of PS in the noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome pathways and pathological conditions in vivo.
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Pellegrini C, Martelli A, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Calderone V. NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases: Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1890-1926. [PMID: 33460162 DOI: 10.1002/med.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence points out the importance of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, myocardial infarct (MI), ischemia, cardiomyopathies (CMs), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerosis. In this regard, intensive research efforts both in humans and in animal models of CVDs are being focused on the characterization of the pathophysiological role of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in CVDs. In addition, clinical and preclinical evidence is coming to light that the pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 pathways with drugs, including novel chemical entities as well as drugs currently employed in the clinical practice, biologics and phytochemicals, could represent a suitable therapeutic approach for prevention and management of CVDs. On these bases, the present review article provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and preclinical studies about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of CVDs, including hypertension, MI, ischemic injury, CMs, HF and atherosclerosis. In addition, particular attention has been focused on current evidence on the effects of drugs, biologics, and phytochemicals, targeting different steps of inflammasome signaling, in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Parrella E, Gussago C, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. From Preclinical Stroke Models to Humans: Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010085. [PMID: 33383852 PMCID: PMC7823436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many medicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Polyphenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The prevention of stroke promoted by polyphenols relies mainly on their effect on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems. However, a growing body of evidence from preclinical models of stroke points out a neuroprotective role of these molecules. Notably, in many preclinical studies, the polyphenolic compounds were effective also when administered after the stroke onset, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery of patients suffering from stroke. Here, we review the effects of the major polyphenols in cellular and in vivo models of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in immature and adult brains. The results from human studies are also reported.
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Chelluboina B, Vemuganti R. Therapeutic potential of nutraceuticals to protect brain after stroke. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104908. [PMID: 33220386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke leads to significant neuronal death and long-term neurological disability due to synergistic pathogenic mechanisms. Stroke induces a change in eating habits and in many cases, leads to undernutrition that aggravates the post-stroke pathology. Proper nutritional regimen remains a major strategy to control the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke. Studies indicate that nutraceuticals (isolated and concentrated form of high-potency natural bioactive substances present in dietary nutritional components) can act as prophylactic as well as adjuvant therapeutic agents to prevent stroke risk, to promote ischemic tolerance and to reduce post-stroke consequences. Nutraceuticals are also thought to regulate blood pressure, delay neurodegeneration and improve overall vascular health. Nutraceuticals potentially mediate these effects by their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review discusses the studies that have highlighted the translational potential of nutraceuticals as stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Henriques JF, Serra D, Dinis TCP, Almeida LM. The Anti-Neuroinflammatory Role of Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites for the Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8653. [PMID: 33212797 PMCID: PMC7696928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring polyphenols commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Numerous studies have described that anthocyanin-rich foods may play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of different pathological conditions, which have encouraged their consumption around the world. Anthocyanins exhibit a significant neuroprotective role, mainly due to their well-recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Neuroinflammation is an intricate process relevant in both homeostatic and pathological circumstances. Since the progression of several neurological disorders relies on neuroinflammatory process, targeting brain inflammation has been considered a promising strategy in those conditions. Recent data have shown the anti-neuroinflammatory abilities of many anthocyanins and of their metabolites in the onset and development of several neurological disorders. In this review, it will be discussed the importance and the applicability of these polyphenolic compounds as neuroprotective agents and it will be also scrutinized the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of neuroinflammation by these natural compounds in the context of several brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. Henriques
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.H.); (T.C.P.D.); (L.M.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Serra
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.H.); (T.C.P.D.); (L.M.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. P. Dinis
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.H.); (T.C.P.D.); (L.M.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor M. Almeida
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.H.); (T.C.P.D.); (L.M.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Role of Flavonoids in The Interactions among Obesity, Inflammation, and Autophagy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110342. [PMID: 33114725 PMCID: PMC7692407 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets: treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.
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Cichon N, Saluk-Bijak J, Gorniak L, Przyslo L, Bijak M. Flavonoids as a Natural Enhancer of Neuroplasticity-An Overview of the Mechanism of Neurorestorative Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111035. [PMID: 33114058 PMCID: PMC7690743 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is a complex physiological process occurring in the brain for its entire life. However, it is of particular importance in the case of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Neurological recovery largely depends on the ability to reestablish the structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks, which must be pharmacologically supported. For this reason, new forms of therapy are constantly being sought. Including adjuvant therapies in standard treatment may support the enhancement of repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. The common hallmark of nerve tissue damage is increased by oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, the studies on flavonoids with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as a potential application in neuro intervention have been carried out for a long time. However, recent results have revealed another important property of these compounds in CNS therapy. Flavonoids possess neuroprotective activity, and promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, by, among other means, inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This paper presents an overview of the latest knowledge on the impact of flavonoids on the plasticity processes of the brain, taking into account the molecular basis of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Center, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (L.G.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-635-43-36
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Leslaw Gorniak
- Biohazard Prevention Center, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (L.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Lukasz Przyslo
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Research Institute of Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Center, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (L.G.); (M.B.)
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Spohr L, Luduvico KP, Soares MSP, Bona NP, Oliveira PS, de Mello JE, Alvez FL, Teixeira FC, Felix ADOC, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM. Blueberry extract as a potential pharmacological tool for preventing depressive-like behavior and neurochemical dysfunctions in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:857-870. [PMID: 32954970 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1819104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder is a debilitating and recurrent psychiatric disorder. Blueberries have several biological properties, including neuroprotective effects, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blueberry extract on depressive-like behavior and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurochemical changes. METHODS Mice were pretreated with vehicle, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or blueberry extract (100 or 200 mg/kg) intragastrically for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS (0.83 mg/kg) injection. Twenty-four hours after LPS administration, mice were submitted to behavioral tests. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. RESULTS Our data showed that blueberry extract or fluoxetine treatment protected against LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in tail suspension and splash tests (P < 0.05), without changes in locomotor activity (P > 0.05). LPS induced an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.001), nitrite (P < 0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.01), as well as a reduction in total sulfhydryl content (P < 0.05) and catalase activity (P < 0.05) in brain structures; blueberry extract restored these alterations (P < 0.05). In addition, blueberry extract attenuated the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels induced by LPS administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that blueberry extract exerted antidepressant-like effects, protected the brain against oxidative damage, and modulated TNF-α levels induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Spohr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pathise Souto Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Julia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez Alvez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Cappellini F, Reiner Ž, Zorzan D, Imran M, Sener B, Kilic M, El-Shazly M, Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Martorell M, Tonelli C, Petroni K, Docea AO, Calina D, Maroyi A. The Therapeutic Potential of Anthocyanins: Current Approaches Based on Their Molecular Mechanism of Action. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1300. [PMID: 32982731 PMCID: PMC7479177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural phenolic pigments with biological activity. They are well-known to have potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity, which explains the various biological effects reported for these substances suggesting their antidiabetic and anticancer activities, and their role in cardiovascular and neuroprotective prevention. This review aims to comprehensively analyze different studies performed on this class of compounds, their bioavailability and their therapeutic potential. An in-depth look in preclinical, in vitro and in vivo, and clinical studies indicates the preventive effects of anthocyanins on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, antiobesity as well as their antidiabetes and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Debora Zorzan
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilge Sener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kilic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Katia Petroni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Feng YS, Tan ZX, Wang MM, Xing Y, Dong F, Zhang F. Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Prospective Target for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:155. [PMID: 32581721 PMCID: PMC7283578 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major devastating diseases with no effective medical therapeutics. Because of the high rate of disability and mortality among stroke patients, new treatments are urgently required to decrease brain damage following a stroke. In recent years, the inflammasome is a novel breakthrough point that plays an important role in the stroke, and the inhibition of inflammasome may be an effective method for stroke treatment. Briefly, inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that causes activation of caspase-1 and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. Among them, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most typical inflammasome, which can detect cell damage and mediate inflammatory response to tissue damage in ischemic stroke. The NLRP3 inflammasome has become a key mediator of post-ischemic inflammation, leading to a cascade of inflammatory reactions and cell death eventually. Thus, NLRP3 inflammasome is an ideal therapeutic target due to its important role in the inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. In this mini review article, we will summarize the structure, assembly, and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke, and several treatments targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke. The further understanding of the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in patients with ischemic stroke will provide novel targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Man-Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Orthopedic Biomechanics Key Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Tian J, Si X, Wang Y, Gong E, Xie X, Zhang Y, Shu C, Li B. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protects human gastric epithelial cells against Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide-induced disorders by modulating TLR-mediated NF-κB pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Yan Y, Tong F, Chen J. Endogenous BMP-4/ROS/COX-2 Mediated IPC and Resveratrol Alleviated Brain Damage. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1030-1039. [PMID: 31113339 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190506120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the therapeutic role of combined ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and resveratrol (RES) on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (BI/RI) by modulating endogenous bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rats. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with 20 mg/kg RES (20 mg/kg RES was administered once a day via intraperitoneal injection 7 days prior to the I/R procedure) and IPC (equal volumes of saline were administered once a day by intraperitoneal injection over 7 days, and the bilateral common carotid arteries were separated for clamp 5 minutes followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion prior to the I/R procedure), and then subjected to 2 hours of ischemia and 22 hours of reperfusion. Blood and cerebral tissues were collected, cerebral pathological injuries and infarct sizes were investigated, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ROS were calculated, the contents of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), IL-6, TNF-α and hemodynamic change were estimated, and expression levels of b-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), bcl-2-associated x (Bax), BMP-4 and COX-2 were assessed in cerebral tissues. IPC, RES and a combination of IPC and RES preconditioning ameliorated the pathological damage and infarct sizes, reduced cerebral oxidative stress damage, alleviated inflammatory damage, restrained apoptosis, and downregulated the expression levels of BMP-4 and COX-2 compared with those of the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group. This study suggested a combined strategy that could enhance protection against BI/RI in clinical brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Third Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jianer Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Third Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
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Qu XY, Zhang YM, Tao LN, Gao H, Zhai JH, Sun JM, Song YQ, Zhang SX. XingNaoJing injections protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and alleviate blood-brain barrier disruption in rats, through an underlying mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomes suppression. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:498-505. [PMID: 31514981 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of XingNaoJing injections (XNJ) on cerebral ischemia injury and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method was applicated to establish the model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. BBB permeability after I/R injury was assessed with the leaking amount of Evans Blue and the expression of occludin and ZO-1. The expression of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing (NLRP3) was checked to explore the inhibition of inflammation by XNJ. The results showed that XNJ could significantly increase the survival percent, decrease the infarct area and ameliorate neurological deficits and brain damage after I/R injury. Leaking amount of Evans Blue was reduced by XNJ, and the expression of tight junction protein, occludin and ZO-1 was also up-regulated by XNJ, which showed a role of protection on BBB disruption. The expression of NLRP3 was inhibited after exposure of XNJ, which was associated with inhibition of the inflammatory response. In summary, XNJ could suppress NLRP3 inflammasomes and improve BBB disruption and brain damage in rats after cerebral I/R injury, which provided a beneficial insight to further explore XNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Li-Na Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing-Meng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan-Qing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Si-Xi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Li J, Wang H, Li J, Liu Y, Ding H. LC-MS analysis of Myrica rubra extract and its hypotensive effects via the inhibition of GLUT 1 and activation of the NO/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5371-5384. [PMID: 35498305 PMCID: PMC9049140 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05895h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the area of medicine food homology, Myrica rubra ((Lour.) Siebold & Zucc.) has been used in medicine as an astringent and anti-diarrheal. However, there are few in-depth studies evaluating the antihypertensive chemical components and antihypertensive mechanisms of Myrica rubra. Thus, the aim in this study was to assess the protective effects of an ethanol extract of bayberry (BE) on spontaneous hypertension in rats. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) coupled with biochemical assays and western blot have been employed to study the protective effects of BE against hypertension. A total of 28 compounds were identified in BE. According to this study, treatment with BE (2 g kg-1) resulted in the potent and persistent reduction of high blood pressure, even after drug withdrawal. The results indicate that the mechanisms of action might involve protection against damage to the vascular structure. Bayberry extract could enhance the endothelium-independent vascular function, inhibiting the abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle by inhibition of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT 1) and regulation of nitric oxide (NO)/serine/threonine kinases (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The results of molecular docking and in vitro research indicated six compounds in BE that might be responsible for the antihypertensive effect attributed to GLUT 1, eNOS and Akt, and further in vivo studies are needed to verify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China+8613007162084
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China+8613007162084
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China+8613007162084
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China+8613007162084
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China+8613007162084
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Mtetwa MD, Qian L, Zhu H, Cui F, Zan X, Sun W, Wu D, Yang Y. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Acanthus ilicifolius. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Fang JL, Luo Y, Yuan K, Guo Y, Jin SH. Preparation and evaluation of an encapsulated anthocyanin complex for enhancing the stability of anthocyanin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hung W, Ho C, Pan M. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuroinflammation: Health Promoting Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900550. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Lun Hung
- School of Food SafetyTaipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food ScienceRutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Min‐Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
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