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Anderson ME, Wind EJ, Robison LS. Exploring the neuroprotective role of physical activity in cerebral small vessel disease. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148884. [PMID: 38527712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a common neurological finding characterized by abnormalities of the small blood vessels in the brain. Previous research has established a strong connection between cSVD and stroke, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. As the search for effective interventions continues, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a potential preventative and therapeutic avenue. This review synthesizes the human and animal literature on the influence of PA on cSVD, highlighting the importance of determining optimal exercise protocols, considering aspects such as intensity, duration, timing, and exercise type. Furthermore, the necessity of widening the age bracket in research samples is discussed, ensuring a holistic understanding of the interventions across varying pathological stages of the disease. The review also suggests the potential of exploring diverse biomarkers and risk profiles associated with clinically significant outcomes. Moreover, we review findings demonstrating the beneficial effects of PA in various rodent models of cSVD, which have uncovered numerous mechanisms of neuroprotection, including increases in neuroplasticity and integrity of the vasculature and white matter; decreases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction; and alterations in amyloid processing and neurotransmitter signaling. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of physical activity as a preventive strategy for addressing cSVD, offering insights into the need for refining exercise parameters, diversifying research populations, and exploring novel biomarkers, while shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which exercise confers neuroprotection in both humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Family, and Justice Studies, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Eleanor J Wind
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Dhaliwal N, Dhaliwal J, Chopra K. 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone Ameliorates Cholinergic Dysfunction, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1137-1149. [PMID: 38300457 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a degenerative cerebrovascular disorder associated with progressive cognitive decline. Previous reports have shown that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a well-known TrkB agonist, effectively ameliorates cognitive deficits in several disease models. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of 7,8-DHF against 2-VO-induced VD. VD was established in rats using the permanent bilateral carotid arteries occlusion (two-vessel occlusion, 2-VO) model. 7,8-DHF (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and Donepezil (10 mg/kg) were administered for 4 weeks. Memory function was assessed by the novel objective recognition task (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-kβ), oxidative stress, and apoptotic (BAX, BCL-2, caspase-3) markers, along with the activity of choline acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was assessed. p-AKT, p-CREB, BDNF, and neurotransmitter (NT) (GLU, GABA, and ACh) levels were also analyzed in the hippocampus of 2-VO rats. Our results show that 7,8-DHF effectively improved memory performance and cholinergic dysfunction in 2-VO model rats. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF treatment also increased p-AKT, p-CREB, and BDNF levels, suppressed oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers, and restored altered NT levels in the hippocampus. These findings imply that 7, 8-DHF may act via multiple mechanisms and as such serve as a promising neuroprotective agent in the context of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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3
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Lv S, Wang Q, Zhang X, Ning F, Liu W, Cui M, Xu Y. Mechanisms of multi-omics and network pharmacology to explain traditional chinese medicine for vascular cognitive impairment: A narrative review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155231. [PMID: 38007992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "vascular cognitive impairment" (VCI) describes various cognitive conditions that include vascular elements. It increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and is the most common cognitive impairment associated with cerebrovascular disease. Understanding the etiology of VCI may aid in identifying approaches to target its possible therapy for the condition. Treatment of VCI has focused on vascular risk factors. There are no authorized conventional therapies available right now. The medications used to treat VCI are solely approved for symptomatic relief and are not intended to prevent or slow the development of VCI. PURPOSE The function of Chinese medicine in treating VCI has not yet been thoroughly examined. This review evaluates the preclinical and limited clinical evidence to comprehend the "multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway" mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It investigates the various multi-omics approaches in the search for the pathological mechanisms of VCI, as well as the new research strategies, in the hopes of supplying supportive evidence for the clinical treatment of VCI. METHODS This review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statements. Using integrated bioinformatics and network pharmacology approaches, a thorough evaluation and analysis of 25 preclinical studies published up to July 1, 2023, were conducted to shed light on the mechanisms of TCM for vascular cognitive impairment. The studies for the systematic review were located using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. RESULTS We discovered that the multi-omics analysis approach would hasten the discovery of the role of TCM in the treatment of VCI. It will explore components, compounds, targets, and pathways, slowing the progression of VCI from the perspective of inhibiting oxidative stress, stifling neuroinflammation, increasing cerebral blood flow, and inhibiting iron deposition by a variety of molecular mechanisms, which have significant implications for the treatment of VCI. CONCLUSION TCM is a valuable tool for developing dementia therapies, and further research is needed to determine how TCM components may affect the operation of the neurovascular unit. There are still some limitations, although several research have offered invaluable resources for searching for possible anti-dementia medicines and treatments. To gain new insights into the molecular mechanisms that precisely modulate the key molecules at different levels during pharmacological interventions-a prerequisite for comprehending the mechanism of action and determining the potential therapeutic value of the drugs-further research should employ more standardized experimental methods as well as more sophisticated science and technology. Given the results of this review, we advocate integrating chemical and biological component analysis approaches in future research on VCI to provide a more full and objective assessment of the standard of TCM. With the help of bioinformatics, a multi-omics analysis approach will hasten the discovery of the role of TCM in the treatment of VCI, which has significant implications for the treatment of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Fangli Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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Chen L, Zhen Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu G. Neurovascular glial unit: A target of phytotherapy for cognitive impairments. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155009. [PMID: 37573807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular glial unit (NVGU) dysfunction has been reported to be an early and critical event in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Although herbal medicines, with their favorable safety profiles and low adverse effects, have been suggested to be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, the potential role of the NVGU as the target of the effects of herbal medicines is still unclear. PURPOSE This review aimed to retrieve evidence from experimental studies of phytopharmaceuticals targeting the NVGU for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD and VD, and discussed the potential of phytopharmaceuticals to improve cognitive impairment from the perspective of the NVGU. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords used for searching information on the NVGU in the treatment of cognitive impairments included "Alzheimer's disease," "Vascular dementia," "Herbal medicines," "Natural products," "Neurovascular," "Adverse reaction," and "Toxicity, etc." We selected studies on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. RESULTS NVGU mainly consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and damage to these cells can induce cognitive impairment by impairing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as neuronal function. The active components of herbal medicines, including Ginkgo biloba L., Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Epimedium Folium, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami flos, and Acorus tatarinowii Schott, as well as traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown the potential to improve BBB function and increase CBF to prevent cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte and microglia activation, protecting oligodendrocyte myelin function, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines demonstrate great potential to prevent cognitive impairment. Multiple components from herbal medicines may function through different signaling pathways to target the NVGU. Future studies using novel drug-carrier or delivery systems targeting the NVGU will certainly facilitate the development of phytopharmaceuticals for AD and VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Kumaran KR, Wahab HA, Hassan Z. Nootropic effect of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp leaf extract in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model via cholinergic restoration: a potential therapeutic agent for dementia. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Liu S, Cheng F, Ren B, Xu W, Chen C, Ma C, Zhang X, Tang F, Wang Q, Wang X. Qinzhi Zhudan formula improves memory and alleviates neuroinflammation in vascular dementia rats partly by inhibiting the TNFR1-mediated TNF pathway. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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7
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Polopalli S, Yetukuri AR, Danduga RCSR, Kola PK. A prognostic study on the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on cerebral ischaemia reperfusion-induced stroke. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:136-150. [PMID: 34165039 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1935318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have been established that persons who experienced a stroke are soon likely to develop several anxiety disorders. In which one of the major anxiety disorders is Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Yet, the likelihood of PTSD in conjunction with cerebral stroke has not been well described. Hence, we evaluated the impact of PTSD on cerebral stroke in rodents subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), respectively. METHODS The relation between PTSD and cerebral stroke is evaluated by performing behavioural, biochemical, histopathological, and brain lesion area measurement studies. RESULTS Interestingly, SPS + BCCAo induction increased behavioural abnormalities like cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behaviour compared to SPS and BCCAo groups alone. Motor impairment was also observed in SPS + BCCAo rats compared to SPS rats, whereas no change with BCCAo rats. Furthermore, increased brain tissue MDA, acetylcholinesterase, and decreased SOD, catalase, and GSH were observed in SPS + BCCAo subjected rats compared to SPS and BCCAo rats alone. Additionally, SPS + BCCAo induction considerably increased the plasma corticosterone levels and caused severe neurotransmitter alterations. The SPS + BCCAo exposure significantly increased the brain lesion area in comparison with BCCAo rats. Moreover, severe histopathological alterations were observed in the hippocampus (CA1) of SPS + BCCAo rats compared to SPS and BCCAo rats alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study results suggested that SPS-induced PTSD may aggravate the BCCAo induced cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Polopalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, India.,Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
| | - Amulya Rani Yetukuri
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
| | | | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
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8
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Stuckey SM, Ong LK, Collins-Praino LE, Turner RJ. Neuroinflammation as a Key Driver of Secondary Neurodegeneration Following Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313101. [PMID: 34884906 PMCID: PMC8658328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke involves the rapid onset of focal neurological dysfunction, most commonly due to an arterial blockage in a specific region of the brain. Stroke is a leading cause of death and common cause of disability, with over 17 million people worldwide suffering from a stroke each year. It is now well-documented that neuroinflammation and immune mediators play a key role in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing, not only in the infarct core but also in distal regions. Importantly, in these distal regions, termed sites of secondary neurodegeneration (SND), spikes in neuroinflammation may be seen sometime after the initial stroke onset, but prior to the presence of the neuronal tissue damage within these regions. However, it is key to acknowledge that, despite the mounting information describing neuroinflammation following ischaemic stroke, the exact mechanisms whereby inflammatory cells and their mediators drive stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. As a result, current anti-inflammatory treatments have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. In this review we discuss the complexities of post-stroke neuroinflammation, specifically how it affects neuronal tissue and post-stroke outcome acutely, chronically, and in sites of SND. We then discuss current and previously assessed anti-inflammatory therapies, with a particular focus on how failed anti-inflammatories may be repurposed to target SND-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Renée J. Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-3114
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9
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Huang L, Shi Y, Zhao L. Ginkgolide B Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats With Vascular Dementia by Reducing Neuroinflammation via Regulating NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676392. [PMID: 34220511 PMCID: PMC8245850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgobalide B (GB) as the main active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Ginkgo biloba extract is reported to reduce neuroinflammation, protect neurons and promote cognitive learning ability. To explore that GB can reduce neuroinflammation through regulating nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and overcome cognitive dysfunction in rats with vascular dementia (VD), we aim at investigating the potential effect of GB on enhancing cognitive function in rats with VD. It was found that GB improved survival of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treated SH-SY5Y cells by attenuating inflammatory response via Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway. When rats were treated with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 24 h, saline and GB were administered in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via a single intraperitoneal injection for consecutive 14 days. The behavioral changes of VD like rats treated with GB were observed through open field test, Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze electric maze. Nissl staining and immunofluorescence were used to observe changes of neurons in the hippocampus of rats. Western blot analysis was performed by detecting NF-κB pathway related inflammatory factors. The results found that GB can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats by reducing TLR4/NF-κB mediated neuroinflammation. In conclusion, GB seemed to be a potential drug for amelioration of learning and memory impairment in rats with VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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10
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Liu Y, Chen X, Gong Q, Shi J, Li F. Osthole Improves Cognitive Function of Vascular Dementia Rats: Reducing Aβ Deposition via Inhibition NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1315-1323. [PMID: 32879205 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and the cognitive dysfunction is a major manifestation of VD. Lots of evidences showed that beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation act as vital elements in the progress of VD. The previous studies showed that osthole (OST) can improve the cognitive function of VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of OST on Aβ in VD brain is still unclear. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) of rats were used to investigate the effect of OST on Aβ through nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in this study. Morris Water Maze and Y-maze were used to test the spatial learning, memory and working abilities. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphology and number of hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the number of microglia activated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins. The study results showed that OST obviously enhanced the spatial learning, memory and working abilities induced by modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats, improved the pathological damage of hippocampal neurons induced by BCCAO in rats, inhibited the activation of microglia induced by BCCAO in rats. Furthermore, this study also discovered that OST reduced Aβ deposition in VD hippocampus via inhibition the NLRP3 inflammasome. Together, these results suggest that OST reduces Aβ deposition via inhibition NLRP3 inflammasome in microglial in VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University
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11
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Zang C, Wang L, Yang H, Sheng C, Shang J, Zhao Z, Yuan F, Yu Y, Yao X, Bao X, Zhang D. GJ-4 ameliorates memory impairment in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion of rats via inhibiting JAK2/STAT1-mediated neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113491. [PMID: 33091490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) is a traditional Chinese medicine with diverse pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammation, anti-depression, as well as improvement of cognition and ischemia brain injury. GJ-4 is a natural extract from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) and has been proved to improve memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model in our previous studies. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GJ-4 on vascular dementia (VD) and explore the potential mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our experiment, a focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rat model was successfully developed by the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). GJ-4 (10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) and nimodipine (10 mg/kg) were orally administered to rats once a day for consecutive 12 days. Learning and memory behavioral performance was assayed by step-down test and Morris water maze test. The neurological scoring test was performed to evaluate the neurological function of rats. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Nissl staining were respectively employed to determine the infarct condition and neuronal injury of the brain. Iba1 immunohistochemistry was used to show the activation of microglia. Moreover, the synaptic damage and inflammatory level were detected by Western blot. RESULTS GJ-4 could significantly improve memory impairment, cerebral infraction, as well as neurological deficits of VD rats induced by MCAO/R. Further research indicated VD-induced neuronal injury was alleviated by GJ-4. In addition, GJ-4 could protect synapse of VD rats by upregulating synaptophysin (SYP) expression, post synaptic density 95 protein (PSD95) expression, and downregulating N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) expression. Subsequent investigation of the underlying mechanisms identified that GJ-4 could suppress neuroinflammatory responses, supported by inhibited activation of microglia and reduced expression of inflammatory proteins, which ultimately exerted neuroprotective effects on VD. Further mechanistic study indicated that janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway was inhibited by GJ-4 treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggested that GJ-4 might serve as a potential drug to improve VD. In addition, our study indicated that inhibition of neuroinflammation might be a promising target to treat VD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/enzymology
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Dementia, Vascular/enzymology
- Dementia, Vascular/etiology
- Dementia, Vascular/prevention & control
- Dementia, Vascular/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gardenia
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/enzymology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/physiopathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Male
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory Disorders/enzymology
- Memory Disorders/etiology
- Memory Disorders/prevention & control
- Memory Disorders/psychology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Nootropic Agents/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Reperfusion Injury/etiology
- Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/metabolism
- Synapses/pathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chanjuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junmei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of TCM, Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of TCM, Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
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12
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Kuang H, Zhou ZF, Zhu YG, Wan ZK, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. Pharmacological Treatment of Vascular Dementia: A Molecular Mechanism Perspective. Aging Dis 2021; 12:308-326. [PMID: 33532143 PMCID: PMC7801279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with cognitive dysfunction attributable to cerebrovascular factors. At present, it is the second most frequently occurring type of dementia in older adults (after Alzheimer's disease). The underlying etiology of VaD has not been completely elucidated, which limits its management. Currently, there are no approved standard treatments for VaD. The drugs used in VaD are only suitable for symptomatic treatment and cannot prevent or reduce the occurrence and progression of VaD. This review summarizes the current status of pharmacological treatment for VaD, from the perspective of the molecular mechanisms specified in various pathogenic hypotheses, including oxidative stress, the central cholinergic system, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. As VaD is a chronic cerebrovascular disease with multifactorial etiology, combined therapy, targeting multiple pathophysiological factors, may be the future trend in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Kuang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yu-Ge Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Zhi-Kai Wan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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13
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Obrenovich M, Tabrez S, Siddiqui B, McCloskey B, Perry G. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis-Heart Shunt Part II: Prosaic Foods and the Brain-Heart Connection in Alzheimer Disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E493. [PMID: 32244373 PMCID: PMC7232206 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong cerebrovascular component to brain aging, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia. Foods, common drugs, and the polyphenolic compounds contained in wine modulate health both directly and through the gut microbiota. This observation and novel findings centered on nutrition, biochemistry, and metabolism, as well as the newer insights we gain into the microbiota-gut-brain axis, now lead us to propose a shunt to this classic triad, which involves the heart and cerebrovascular systems. The French paradox and prosaic foods, as they relate to the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases, are discussed in this manuscript, which is the second part of a two-part series of concept papers addressing the notion that the microbiota and host liver metabolism all play roles in brain and heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Obrenovich
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Department of Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Gilgamesh Foundation for Medical Science and Research, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA;
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Siddiqui
- North East Ohio College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
| | - Benjamin McCloskey
- The Gilgamesh Foundation for Medical Science and Research, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA;
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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14
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Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. An Update of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Effects in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Neuroinflammatory Events. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030216. [PMID: 32150935 PMCID: PMC7139331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammation process represents of a dynamic series of phenomena that manifest themselves with an intense vascular reaction. Neuroinflammation is a reply from the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to a changed homeostasis. There are two cell systems that mediate this process: the glia of the CNS and the lymphocites, monocytes, and macrophages of the hematopoietic system. In both the peripheral and central nervous systems, neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and in neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as depression and autism spectrum disorders. The resolution of neuroinflammation is a process that allows for inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. In this process the important players are represented by lipid mediators. Among the naturally occurring lipid signaling molecules, a prominent role is played by the N-acylethanolamines, namely N-arachidonoylethanolamine and its congener N-palmitoylethanolamine, which is also named palmitoylethanolamide or PEA. PEA possesses a powerful neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory power but has no antioxidant effects per se. For this reason, its co-ultramicronization with the flavonoid luteolin is more efficacious than either molecule alone. Inhibiting or modulating the enzymatic breakdown of PEA represents a complementary therapeutic approach to treating neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of ultramicronized PEA and co-ultramicronized PEA with luteolin in several neurological diseases using preclinical and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-906-765-208
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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15
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Han T, Wang Q, Lai R, Zhang D, Diao Y, Yin Y. Nicotine Induced Neurocognitive Protection and Anti-inflammation Effect by Activating α 4β 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Ischemic Rats. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 22:919-924. [PMID: 31403667 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The main objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of nicotine improving cognitive impairments in ischemic rats.
Methods
Twenty adult male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats underwent ischemic model surgery by injecting endothelin-1 into the left thalamus, which were classified into four different groups with different intervention: nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/d), dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE; 3 mg/kg/d), nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/d) + DHβE (3 mg/kg/d), or saline, after ischemic model surgery. Another five male SD rats also underwent same surgery, while not injecting endothelin-1 but saline, as the control group. Morris water maze (MWM) test was adopted to assess the cognition. All the rats underwent the MWM test, micro positron emission tomography imaging with 2-[18F]-A-85380, and messenger RNA (mRNA) test of α 4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), β 2 nAChR, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6.
Results
The MWM test showed the rats given nicotine showing better memory than ischemic rats (p < .05), whereas the rats given DHβE or both nicotine and DHβE did not show any statistical difference from the ischemic rats (p > .05). Micro positron emission tomography imaging showed higher uptake of tracer in the left thalamus and whole brain in rats given nicotine than in ischemic rats, but the rats given DHβE or both nicotine and DHβE did not. By real-time PCR test, the mRNA of α 4 nAChR and β 2 nAChR in rats given nicotine increased significantly compared with ischemic rats and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA (all ps < .05).
Conclusions
By activating α 4β 2 nAChRs, nicotine plays a role in inhibiting the inflammatory factors, which contributes to improving cognitive impairment in ischemic rats.
Implications
It is well acknowledged that vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. Cholinergic agents have potential for the symptomatic treatment of the cognitive symptoms of dementia, but the exact mechanism still remains unclear. There are potential complex associations and interactions between VCI and inflammation. This study showed that nicotine had anti-inflammatory potency, which is most likely because of the activation of the nAChRs. By activating α4β2 nAChRs, nicotine played a role in inhibiting the inflammatory factors, which contribute to improving cognitive impairment in ischemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruihe Lai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Diao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yafu Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Berberine Facilitates Angiogenesis Against Ischemic Stroke Through Modulating Microglial Polarization via AMPK Signaling. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:751-768. [PMID: 31020571 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that microglia/macrophages can change their phenotype to M1 or M2 and participate in tissue damage or repair. Berberine (BBR) has shown promise in experimental stroke models, but its effects on microglial polarization and long-term recovery after stroke are elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of BBR on angiogenesis and microglial polarization through AMPK signaling after stroke. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), intragastrically administrated with BBR at 50 mg/kg/day. Neo-angiogenesis was observed by 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD micro-PET/CT and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescent staining further exhibited an increase of M2 microglia and a reduction of M1 microglia at 14 days after stroke. In vitro studies, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells were used to confirm the AMPK activation effect of BBR. RT-PCR, Flow cytometry, and ELISA all demonstrated that BBR could inhibit M1 polarization and promote M2 polarization. Furthermore, treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with conditioned media collected from BBR-treated BV2 cells promoted angiogenesis. All effects stated above were reversed by AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) and AMPK siRNA. In conclusion, BBR treatment improves functional recovery and promotes angiogenesis following tMCAO via AMPK-dependent microglial M2 polarization.
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