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Günter E, Popeyko O, Vityazev F, Popov S. Effect of Callus Cell Immobilization on the Textural and Rheological Properties, Loading, and Releasing of Grape Seed Extract from Pectin Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:273. [PMID: 38667692 PMCID: PMC11048760 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to prepare pectin hydrogels with immobilized Lemna minor callus cells and to identify the effect of cell immobilization on the textural, rheological, and swelling properties; loading; and releasing of grape seed extract (GSE) from the hydrogels. Hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, the strength of linkage, and complex viscosity decreased with increasing cell content in the hydrogels based on pectin with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) of 5.7% (TVC) and during incubation in gastrointestinal fluids. An increase in the rheological properties and fragility of pectin/callus hydrogels based on pectin with a DM of 33.0% (CP) was observed at a cell content of 0.4 g/mL. TVC-based pectin/callus beads increased their swelling in gastrointestinal fluids as cell content increased. TVC-based beads released GSE very slowly into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, indicating controlled release. The GSE release rate in colonic fluid decreased with increasing cell content, which was associated with the accumulation of GSE in cells. CP-based beads released GSE completely in the intestinal fluid due to weak textural characteristics and rapid degradation within 10 min. Pectin/callus hydrogels have the ability to preserve GSE for a long time and may have great potential for the development of proanthocyanidin delivery systems due to their novel beneficial physicochemical and textural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | | | | | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (O.P.); (F.V.)
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2
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Vahid F, Wagener L, Leners B, Bohn T. Pro- and Antioxidant Effect of Food Items and Matrices during Simulated In Vitro Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:1719. [PMID: 37107513 PMCID: PMC10137800 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive tract can be considered a bioreactor. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during digestion may predispose for local and/or systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases. Food items rich in antioxidants may prevent such aggravation. This investigation analyzed pro-and antioxidant patterns of food matrices/items following in vitro digestion. Gastrointestinal digestion reflecting typically consumed quantities was performed on nine food items (orange and tomato juice, soda, coffee, white chocolate, sausage, vitamin C and E, and curcumin) and their combinations (n = 24), using the INFOGEST model. Antioxidant potential was measured by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS, and pro-oxidant aspects by MDA (malondialdehyde) and peroxide formation. An anti-pro-oxidant score was developed, combining the five assays. Liquid food items showed moderately high antioxidant values, except for coffee and orange juice, which exhibited a high antioxidant potential. Solid matrices, e.g., white chocolate and sausage, showed both high pro-oxidant (up to 22 mg/L MDA) and high antioxidant potential (up to 336 mg/L vitamin C equivalents) at the same time. Individual vitamins (C and E) at physiological levels (achievable from food items) showed a moderate antioxidant potential (<220 mg/L vitamin C equivalents). Overall, both antioxidant and pro-oxidant assays correlated well, with correlation coefficients of up to 0.894. The effects of food combinations were generally additive, i.e., non-synergistic, except for combinations with sausage, where strong quenching effects for MDA were observed, e.g., with orange juice. In conclusion, as especially highlighted by complex matrices demonstrating both pro- and antioxidant potential, only measuring one aspect would result in physiological misinterpretations. Therefore, it is imperative to employ a combination of assays to evaluate both pro- and antioxidant properties of food digesta to ensure physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
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3
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Günter E, Popeyko O, Popov S. Ca-Alginate Hydrogel with Immobilized Callus Cells as a New Delivery System of Grape Seed Extract. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030256. [PMID: 36975705 PMCID: PMC10048767 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new delivery systems for polyphenols is necessary to maintain their antioxidant activity and targeted delivery. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain alginate hydrogels with immobilized callus cells, in order to study the interaction between the physicochemical properties of hydrogels, texture, swelling behaviour, and grape seed extract (GSE) release in vitro. The inclusion of duckweed (LMC) and campion (SVC) callus cells in hydrogels led to a decrease in their porosity, gel strength, adhesiveness, and thermal stability, and an increase in the encapsulation efficiency compared with alginate hydrogel. The incorporation of LMC cells (0.17 g/mL), which were smaller, resulted in the formation of a stronger gel. The Fourier transform infrared analyses indicated the entrapment of GSE in the alginate hydrogel. Alginate/callus hydrogels had reduced swelling and GSE release in the simulated intestinal (SIF) and colonic (SCF) fluids due to their less porous structure and the retention of GSE in cells. Alginate/callus hydrogels gradually released GSE in SIF and SCF. The faster GSE release in SIF and SCF was associated with reduced gel strength and increased swelling of the hydrogels. LMC-1.0Alginate hydrogels with lower swelling, higher initial gel strength, and thermal stability released GSE more slowly in SIF and SCF. The GSE release was dependent on the content of SVC cells in 1.0% alginate hydrogels. The data obtained show that the addition of callus cells to the hydrogel provides them with physicochemical and textural properties that are useful for the development of drug delivery systems in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Günter
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Oxana Popeyko
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 50, Pervomaiskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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4
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Górnicka J, Mika M, Wróblewska O, Siudem P, Paradowska K. Methods to Improve the Solubility of Curcumin from Turmeric. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010207. [PMID: 36676157 PMCID: PMC9862957 DOI: 10.3390/life13010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric is a strong-taste component of spices characteristic of Indian cuisine. It is obtained from the turmeric rhizome (Curcumae longae rhizoma) and has been used for thousands of years not only for culinary purposes, but also for medicinal purposes. It contains a group of organic compounds called curcuminoids. Curcumin is the main representative of this group of compounds which is also most frequently studied. In recent years, bioactive curcuminoids (including curcumin in the first place) have become more and more popular due to a wide spectrum of their biological activity. The anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging effects of curcumin have been confirmed by numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in clinical trials. However, an obstacle to simple, clinical application of curcumin is its poor bioavailability (which is due to its hydrophobic nature) and its very weak water solubility. Therefore, many scientists are working on improving the solubility of curcumin in water, which is the topic of the present article. Attempts have been made to combine curcumin with nanoparticles (polysaccharide or silica). Nanosuspensions or complexes with cyclodextrins are also considered. A promising direction is the search for new polymorphic varieties as well as obtaining cocrystals with curcumin which are characterized by better water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Górnicka
- Student Research Group “Free Radicals”, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Mika
- Student Research Group “Free Radicals”, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oliwia Wróblewska
- Student Research Group “Free Radicals”, Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Siudem
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Paradowska
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Polyphenols in Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196280. [PMID: 36234817 PMCID: PMC9570923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are a large group of phytochemicals containing phenolic rings with two or more hydroxyl groups. They possess powerful antioxidant properties, multiple therapeutic effects, and possible health benefits in vivo and in vitro, as well as reported clinical studies. Considering their free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, these substances can be used to treat different kinds of conditions associated with metabolic disorders. Many symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MtS), including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, elevated blood sugar, accelerating aging, liver intoxication, hypertension, as well as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are substantially relieved by dietary PPs. The present study explores the bioprotective properties and associated underlying mechanisms of PPs. A detailed understanding of these natural compounds will open up new opportunities for producing unique natural PP-rich dietary and medicinal plans, ultimately affirming their health benefits.
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Günter EA, Popeyko OV. Delivery system for grape seed extract based on biodegradable pectin-Zn-alginate gel particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1021-1033. [PMID: 35963355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pectin-Zn-alginate gel particles from callus culture pectin with increased linearity and decreased rhamnogalacturonan I branching and degree of methylesterification had a higher gel strength and encapsulation capacity. An increase of the alginate concentration led to an increase in the particle gel strength. The grape seed extract (GSE) loaded and empty particles swelled slightly in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and gradually in the intestinal (SIF) fluid. The swelling degrees of the GSE-loaded and empty particles in the simulated colonic fluids (SCF) were decreased in the range SCF-7.0 (pH 7.0 + pectinase) > SCF-5.3 (pH 5.3 + pectinase) > SCF-2.3 (pH 2.3 + pectinase). The FTIR spectra indicated that GSE was embedded in the composite particles. Negligible leakage of GSE in SGF was shown. The increase in GSE release in SIF was due to the decrease in particle gel strength and increased swelling degree. The GSE release in fluids simulating the colon inflammation (SCF-2.3 and SCF-5.3) was similar, and it was lower than that in the SCF-7.0 simulating a healthy colon due to the increased gel strength. The percentage release of GSE increased slightly after exposure to different pH. Pectin-Zn-alginate hydrogel systems may be promising candidates for colon-targeted GSE delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Günter
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Oxana V Popeyko
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50, Pervomaiskaya str., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
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7
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Polyphenol Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Grape Seeds and Skins from Sicily: A Preliminary Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the consumption of health-promoting foods has led to identifying derivatives of the wine industry as products to increase the functional properties of different foods or to design new functional foods. The main goal of this study is to characterize and valorize byproducts and wastes of Sicilian grapes as new sources of bioactive components, from the perspective of a circular economy and a biorefinery approach. In particular, this research investigated: 1. the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities and 2. the phenolic profiles of free and bound fractions of defatted grape seeds and red grape skins from Sicily. Defatted grape seeds (DGS) and red grape skins (RGSK) are rich in phenolic compounds. Twenty biophenols were found in the defatted seeds and red grape skins. Particularly interesting were the results obtained after basic hydrolysis, which allowed the release of biophenols from the matrix. The degreased grape seeds showed p-coumaric acid levels at 4641.65 µg g−1, gallic acid at 2649.23 µg g−1, and caffeic acid at 1474.13 µg g−1, along with appreciable quantities of myricetin, epicatechin, and quercetin. As a sustainable approach, the reuse and the value added of the byproducts and wastes of grapes grown in Sicily is shown, which makes possible new applications in different fields, i.e., nutraceuticals.
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8
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Agarwood-The Fragrant Molecules of a Wounded Tree. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113386. [PMID: 35684324 PMCID: PMC9181942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Agarwood, popularly known as oudh or gaharu, is a fragrant resinous wood of high commercial value, traded worldwide and primarily used for its distinctive fragrance in incense, perfumes, and medicine. This fragrant wood is created when Aquilaria trees are wounded and infected by fungi, producing resin as a defense mechanism. The depletion of natural agarwood caused by overharvesting amidst increasing demand has caused this fragrant defensive resin of endangered Aquilaria to become a rare and valuable commodity. Given that instances of natural infection are quite low, artificial induction, including biological inoculation, is being conducted to induce agarwood formation. A long-term investigation could unravel insights contributing toward Aquilaria being sustainably cultivated. This review will look at the different methods of induction, including physical, chemical, and biological, and compare the production, yield, and quality of such treatments with naturally formed agarwood. Pharmaceutical properties and medicinal benefits of fragrance-associated compounds such as chromones and terpenoids are also discussed.
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9
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Romano R, Aiello A, De Luca L, Pizzolongo F, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Severino P, Souto EB, Santini A. Deep-frying purple potato Purple Majesty using sunflower oil: effect on the polyphenols, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09337. [PMID: 35540937 PMCID: PMC9079169 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The potato is a root vegetable native to the Americas; it consists of the starchy tuber of the plant Solanum tuberosum. There are many varieties, and the flesh can have different colour ranging from yellow to red and purple. Coloured varieties have a denser texture and slightly nuttier, earthier flavour than other potatoes. The desirable quality characteristics of potatoes depends on the intended use, and the acceptability of raw potatoes is determined by size, shape, colour, and the quality of can be evaluated in terms of colour, flavour, and texture. Deep-frying is the century-old and it is among the most common cooking processes, still being used to prepare a variety of food products on both industrial and domestic scales. Frying the potatoes is among the tastiest and appreciated way to cook this vegetable. Purple fleshed potatoes are widely considered one of the best-tasting purple potatoes varieties, they have a nice taste and add colour to a meal. They are a source of beneficial health compounds which makes them interesting as functional food. The anthocyanins present in the Purple Majesty variety are interesting for their health promoting abilities, anti-oxidative activity, and even other health beneficial effects, e.g. anti-influenza virus activity, and anti-stomach cancer activity. The aim of this study has been to assess the effect of deep-frying of purple potato Purple Majesty using sunflower oil on the polyphenols, anthocyanins and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the cooked matrix compared to the fresh one. The results seem to suggest that the healthy characteristics of this functional food are retained after the cooking by frying. Purple potato “Purple Majesty” is rich in antioxidants and anthocyanins. Deep frying in sunflower oil affects positively the antioxidant activity. The anthocyanins increase their amount in the frying time range. Polyphenols amount decreases during frying time. The ferulic and gallic acids seem to increase their amount after 48 h of frying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Lucia De Luca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Fabiana Pizzolongo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Severino
- University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Industrial Biotechnology Program, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt. Vernon St, Dorchester, MA, 02125, USA
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, 49010-390, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Bioactive compounds of pigmented wheat (Triticum aestivum): Potential benefits in human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Gaspar H, Pinteus S, Mouga T, Goettert MI, Petrovski Ž, Branco LB, Pedrosa R. Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:135. [PMID: 33671016 PMCID: PMC7997182 DOI: 10.3390/md19030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1-F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Susano
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Teresa Mouga
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Márcia Ines Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil;
| | - Željko Petrovski
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Luís B. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
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12
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Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/md19030135
expr 985274223 + 856008892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1–F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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13
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Plumb J, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Camilli E, Turrini A, Marletta L, Finglas P. Extractable and Non-Extractable Antioxidants Composition in the eBASIS Database: A Key Tool for Dietary Assessment in Human Health and Disease Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113405. [PMID: 33171921 PMCID: PMC7694646 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of foods are crucial in nutrition, food chemistry, and medicine studies but are often underestimated, with significant amounts of bioactive compounds containing physiological and biochemical properties remaining in the residue from extraction as non-extractable antioxidants. Over the last decade, extractable and non-extractable compounds have become key in the evaluation/determination of the antioxidant properties of food matrices because of their relevance in human health. This has led to the need to include extractable and non-extractable antioxidants in comprehensive and harmonized food composition databases for a wide range of applications within research, food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical areas. Additionally, the databases are invaluable as part of the health claims application process. eBASIS, (Bioactive Substances in Food Information System) a comprehensive database containing quality-evaluated scientific data, covering the composition of bioactive compounds present in foods, has flexible structures, allowing it to be extended to include newly emerging data on extractable and non-extractable compounds. Search criteria were developed and defined for compiling suitable peer-reviewed literature. Data quality assessment methods were established for the addition of composition data and antioxidant activity, with a focus on various parameters including: the extraction procedure, the antioxidant measurements, the expression of results. A total of 437 quality-evaluated datapoints on the composition of extractable and/or non-extractable compounds were entered into the database. This database update represents one of the first examples of building a database dedicated to antioxidant properties. This expansion of eBASIS provides a novel and unique tool for nutritionists, dietitians, researchers to use for a wide range of applications, such as dietary assessment, exposure studies and epidemiological studies, and may contribute to an increase in high-bioactive food consumption by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Plumb
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.T.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Emanuela Camilli
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Aida Turrini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Marletta
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (A.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Paul Finglas
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UQ, UK;
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Neurotensins and their therapeutic potential: research field study. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1779-1803. [PMID: 33032465 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural tridecapeptide neurotensin has been emerged as a promising therapeutic scaffold for the treatment of neurological diseases and cancer. In this work, we aimed to identify the top 100 most cited original research papers as well as recent key studies related to neurotensins. The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched and the retrieved research articles were analyzed by using the VOSviewer software. The most cited original articles were published between 1973 and 2013. The top-cited article was by Carraway and Leeman reporting the discovery of neurotensin in 1973. The highly cited terms were associated with hypotension and angiotensin-converting-enzyme. The conducted analysis reveals the therapeutic potentials of neurotensin, and further impactful research toward its clinical development is warrantied.
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Liu W, Li J, Zhang X, Zu Y, Yang Y, Liu W, Xu Z, Gao H, Sun X, Jiang X, Zhao Q. Current Advances in Naturally Occurring Caffeoylquinic Acids: Structure, Bioactivity, and Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10489-10516. [PMID: 32846084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are a broad class of secondary metabolites that have been found in edible and medicinal plants from various families. It has been 100 years since the discovery of chlorogenic acid in 1920. In recent years, a number of naturally derived CQAs have been isolated and structurally elucidated. Accumulated evidence demonstrate that CQAs have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidation, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antidiabetic effects. Up to date, some meaningful progresses on the biosynthesis and total synthesis of CQAs have also been made. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the structure, biological activity, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis of CQAs. This review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring CQAs discovered from 1990 until 2020. Modern isolation techniques, chemical data (including structure, biosynthesis, and total synthesis), and bioactivity are summarized. This would be helpful for further research of CQAs as potential pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingda Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, People's Republic of China
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16
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Croton argyrophyllus Kunth Essential Oil-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Release Profile, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity in a Neuroblastoma Cell Line. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil from Croton argyrophyllus Kunth is known for its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities, and is recognized as a source of phytochemicals for potential use in pharmaceutic and food sectors. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been produced to load Croton argyrophyllus (CA) Kunth essential oil (CAEO) and its antioxidant properties evaluated in vitro as a new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Cetyl palmitate SLN loading CAEO (CAEO-SLN) with a mean particle size of 201.4 ± 2.3 nm (polydispersity index 0.211) have been produced by hot high-pressure homogenisation. The release of the oil followed the Korsmeyers-Peppas model. The risk of lipid peroxidation has been determined by applying the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) standard assay. The antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity of the antioxidants existing in CAEO to scavenge the stable radical DPPH•. The cytotoxicity of CA Kunth essential oil-loaded SLN (CAEO-SLN) was evaluated in a human cell line SH-SY5Y (derived from human neuroblastoma) by determining the reduction of the yellow dye 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Both free essential oil (fEO) and loaded essential oil (CAEO-SLN) were demonstrated to inhibit the Fenton reaction. CAEO-SLN showed DPPH• radical scavenging capacity. The loading of the oil into cetyl palmitate SLN reduced the risk of cytotoxicity.
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17
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Cong J, Cui J, Zhang H, Dzah CS, He Y, Duan Y. Binding affinity, antioxidative capacity and in vitro digestion of complexes of grape seed procyanidins and pork, chicken and fish protein. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109530. [PMID: 32846594 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that procyanidins can interact with proteins, thereby affecting their structure, function, and bioaccessibility. In this paper, we investigated the interaction between grape seeds procyanidins (GSP) and animal source protein (from pig, chicken and fish), and the effects on the protein structure, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of GSP. Fluorescence results showed that the binding constant of GSP-protein complex was 10-104 M-1, and the main forces were van der Waals force, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The antioxidant capacity of GSP was masked by GSP-protein complexes formed. The circular dichroism indicated that GSP had an effect on the content of α-helix and β-sheet in the secondary structure of pork and chicken proteins, but had little effect on the secondary structure of fish protein. The results showed that the protein can bind to GSP and affect its antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility. This study can provide reference for further study on the digestion and absorption of the complexes and offer health guidance in the preparation of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Cong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiemei Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Courage Sedem Dzah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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18
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Baldim I, Souza CRF, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Souto EB, Oliveira WP. Spray-Dried Structured Lipid Carriers for the Loading of Rosmarinus officinalis: New Nutraceutical and Food Preservative. Foods 2020; 9:E1110. [PMID: 32823508 PMCID: PMC7466245 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary, an aromatic herb with significant antioxidative activity, is frequently used as food preservative and a source of nutraceuticals. Its antioxidant effect is mainly related to the presence of phenolic compounds, molecules considerably unstable and prone to irreversible physicochemical changes when exposed to external agents. We here proposed the loading of rosemary into structured lipid systems to improve its physicochemical properties. Four formulations were prepared using the same amount of rosemary lyophilized extract. The lipid phase was composed of stearic acid and oleic acid, and the aqueous phase, a varying combination of drying carriers (whey protein concentrate or gum Arabic) and surfactant (Poloxamer 188). The formulations were sonicated, spray-dried, and the obtained powders were characterized regarding the density (0.18 g/mL to 0.26 g/mL), particle size distribution (7 µm and 52 µm), and water solubility (29% to 48%). The antioxidant activity was determined by applying ABTS•+ radical-scavenging assay and the results expressed per gram of lyophilized extract (150.6 μmol Trolox/g to 376.4 μmol Trolox/g), with a significantly lower/higher result seen for formulations containing gum Arabic and a higher concentration of Poloxamer. The prepared systems may have potential applications as preservative in foodstuff and as nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Baldim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (I.B.); (C.R.F.S.)
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Claudia R. F. Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (I.B.); (C.R.F.S.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Wanderley P. Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (I.B.); (C.R.F.S.)
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19
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Zielińska A, Alves H, Marques V, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Alves TF, Morsink M, Willemen N, Eder P, Chaud MV, Severino P, Santini A, Souto EB. Properties, Extraction Methods, and Delivery Systems for Curcumin as a Natural Source of Beneficial Health Effects. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E336. [PMID: 32635279 PMCID: PMC7404808 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56070336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the impact of curcumin-an aromatic phytoextract from the turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome-as an effective therapeutic agent. Despite all of the beneficial health properties ensured by curcumin application, its pharmacological efficacy is compromised in vivo due to poor aqueous solubility, high metabolism, and rapid excretion that may result in poor systemic bioavailability. To overcome these problems, novel nanosystems have been proposed to enhance its bioavailability and bioactivity by reducing the particle size, the modification of surfaces, and the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin with different nanocarriers. The solutions based on nanotechnology can improve the perspective for medical patients with serious illnesses. In this review, we discuss commonly used curcumin-loaded bio-based nanoparticles that should be implemented for overcoming the innate constraints of this natural ingredient. Furthermore, the associated challenges regarding the potential applications in combination therapies are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (H.A.); (V.M.)
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Human Genetics, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Henrique Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (H.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vânia Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (H.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Thais F. Alves
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba-UNISO, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18023-000, Brazil; (T.F.A.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Margreet Morsink
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women& Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (M.M.); (N.W.); (P.S.)
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Willemen
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women& Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (M.M.); (N.W.); (P.S.)
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marco V. Chaud
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba-UNISO, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18023-000, Brazil; (T.F.A.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Patricia Severino
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women& Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (M.M.); (N.W.); (P.S.)
- Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNMed), Biotechnological Postgraduate Program, and Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), University of Tiradentes (Unit), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.Z.); (H.A.); (V.M.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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20
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Sage Species Case Study on a Spontaneous Mediterranean Plant to Control Phytopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sage species belong to the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae and are diffused worldwide. More than 900 species of sage have been identified, and many of them are used for different purposes, i.e., culinary uses, traditional medicines and natural remedies and cosmetic applications. Another use of sage is the application of non-distilled sage extracts and essential oils to control phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, for a sustainable, environmentally friendly agriculture. Biocidal propriety of non-distilled extracts and essential oils of sage are w documented. Antimicrobial effects of these sage extracts/essential oils depend on both sage species and bacteria and fungi species to control. In general, it is possible to choose some specific extracts/essential oils to control specific phytopathogenic bacteria or fungi. In this context, the use of nanotechnology techniques applied to essential oil from salvia could represent a future direction for improving the performance of eco-compatible and sustainable plant defence and represents a great challenge for the future.
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Abstract
Medicinal plants, many of which are wild, have recently been under the spotlight worldwide due to growing requests for natural and sustainable eco-compatible remedies for pathological conditions with beneficial health effects that are able to support/supplement a daily diet or to support and/or replace conventional pharmacological therapy. The main requests for these products are: safety, minimum adverse unwanted effects, better efficacy, greater bioavailability, and lower cost when compared with synthetic medications available on the market. One of these popular herbs is hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), belonging to the Rosaceae family, with about 280 species present in Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and North America. Various parts of this herb, including the berries, flowers, and leaves, are rich in nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds. Its chemical composition has been reported to have many health benefits, including medicinal and nutraceutical properties. Accordingly, the present review gives a snapshot of the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic potential of this herb on human health.
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Nazhand A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Santini A. Characteristics, Occurrence, Detection and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Foods and Feeds. Foods 2020; 9:E644. [PMID: 32443392 PMCID: PMC7278662 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination continues to be a food safety concern globally, with the most toxic being aflatoxins. On-farm aflatoxins, during food transit or storage, directly or indirectly result in the contamination of foods, which affects the liver, immune system and reproduction after infiltration into human beings and animals. There are numerous reports on aflatoxins focusing on achieving appropriate methods for quantification, precise detection and control in order to ensure consumer safety. In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 as group 1 carcinogenic substances, which are a global human health concern. Consequently, this review article addresses aflatoxin chemical properties and biosynthetic processes; aflatoxin contamination in foods and feeds; health effects in human beings and animals due to aflatoxin exposure, as well as aflatoxin detection and detoxification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Nazhand
- Department of Biotechnology, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resource University, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran 48181-68984, Iran;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Polo III-Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Nazhand A, Souto SB, Silva AM, Severino P, Souto EB, Santini A. The Nutraceutical Value of Carnitine and Its Use in Dietary Supplements. Molecules 2020; 25:E2127. [PMID: 32370025 PMCID: PMC7249051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine can be considered a conditionally essential nutrient for its importance in human physiology. This paper provides an updated picture of the main features of carnitine outlining its interest and possible use. Particular attention has been addressed to its beneficial properties, exploiting carnitine's properties and possible use by considering the main in vitro, in animal, and human studies. Moreover, the main aspects of carnitine-based dietary supplements have been indicated and defined with reference to their possible beneficial health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amirhossein Nazhand
- Department of Biotechnology, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Sari 48181 68984, Mazandaran, Iran;
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of Hospital São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil;
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via. D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Ready to Use Therapeutical Beverages: Focus on Functional Beverages Containing Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics. BEVERAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing global interest in functional foods containing nutrients capable of adding possible beneficial health effects is rapidly increasing both interest and consumer demand. In particular, functionalized beverages for their potential positive effect on health e.g., decreasing cholesterol level, lowering sugar, high fiber content, ability to enhance the immune system, and help digestion, have recently received special attention. Among the different beverages available on the market, probiotic dairy and non-dairy products have attracted much attention because of their affordable cost and their numerous therapeutic activities. Fermented milk and yogurt are currently worth €46 billion, with 77% of the market reported in Europe, North America, and Asia. Consumption of dairy beverages has some limitations due for example to lactose intolerance and allergy to milk proteins, thereby leading consumers to use non-dairy beverages such as fruit, grains, and vegetable juices to add probiotics to diet as well as driving the manufacturers to food matrices-based beverages containing probiotic cultures. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the therapeutic performance and properties of dairy and non-dairy beverages in terms of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic activities.
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Santini A, Cicero N. Development of Food Chemistry, Natural Products, and Nutrition Research: Targeting New Frontiers. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040482. [PMID: 32290530 PMCID: PMC7230495 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Special Issue entitled: "Development of Food Chemistry, Natural Products, and Nutrition Research" is focused on the recent development of food chemistry research, including natural products' sources and nutrition research, with the objectives of triggering interest towards new perspectives related to foods and opening a novel horizon for research in the food area. The published papers collected in this Special Issue are studies that refer to different aspects of food, ranging from food chemistry and analytical aspects, to composition, natural products, and nutrition, all examined from different perspectives and points of view. Overall, this Special Issue gives a current picture of the main topics of interest in the research and proposes studies and analyses that may prompt and address the efforts of research in the food area to find novel foods and novel applications and stimulate an environmentally-friendly approach for the re-use of the by-products of the agro-food area. This notwithstanding, the main challenge is currently addressed to achieve a full comprehension of the mechanisms of action of food components, the nutrients, outlining their high potential impact as preventive and/or therapeutic tools, not only as a source of macro- and/or micro-nutrients, which are necessary for all the metabolic and body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-81-253-9317
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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In Vitro Characterization, Modelling, and Antioxidant Properties of Polyphenon-60 from Green Tea in Eudragit S100-2 Chitosan Microspheres. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040967. [PMID: 32244441 PMCID: PMC7230985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit S100-coated chitosan microspheres (S100Ch) are proposed as a new oral delivery system for green tea polyphenon-60 (PP60). PP60 is a mixture of polyphenolic compounds, known for its active role in decreasing oxidative stress and metabolic risk factors involved in diabetes and in other chronic diseases. Chitosan-PP60 microspheres prepared by an emulsion cross-linking method were coated with Eudragit S100 to ensure the release of PP60 in the terminal ileum. Different core–coat ratios of Eudragit and chitosan were tested. Optimized chitosan microspheres were obtained with a chitosan:PP60 ratio of 8:1 (Ch-PP608:1), rotation speed of 1500 rpm, and surfactant concentration of 1.0% (m/v) achieving a mean size of 7.16 µm. Their coating with the enteric polymer (S100Ch-PP60) increased the mean size significantly (51.4 µm). The in vitro modified-release of PP60 from S100Ch-PP60 was confirmed in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Mathematical fitting models were used to characterize the release mechanism showing that both Ch-PP608:1 and S100Ch-PP60 fitted the Korsmeyers–Peppas model. The antioxidant activity of PP60 was kept in glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan microspheres before and after their coating, showing an IC50 of 212.3 µg/mL and 154.4 µg/mL, respectively. The potential of chitosan microspheres for the delivery of catechins was illustrated, with limited risk of cytotoxicity as shown in Caco-2 cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The beneficial effects of green tea and its derivatives in the management of metabolic disorders can be exploited using mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres coated with enteric polymers for colonic delivery.
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Durazzo A, Nazhand A, Lucarini M, Atanasov AG, Souto EB, Novellino E, Capasso R, Santini A. An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2285. [PMID: 32225036 PMCID: PMC7177810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Nazhand
- Biotechnology Department, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 9th km of Farah Abad Road, Mazandaran, 48181 68984 Sari, Iran
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Garcia-Vaquero M, Ummat V, Tiwari B, Rajauria G. Exploring Ultrasound, Microwave and Ultrasound-Microwave Assisted Extraction Technologies to Increase the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidants from Brown Macroalgae. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E172. [PMID: 32244865 PMCID: PMC7142542 DOI: 10.3390/md18030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the influence of (1) ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), (2) microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and (3) a combination of ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) on the yields of fucose-sulphated polysaccharides (FSPs), total soluble carbohydrates and antioxidants extracted from A. nodosum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the influence of the extraction technologies on the surface of macroalgae while principal component analysis was used to assess the influence of the extraction forces on the yields of compounds. UMAE generated higher yields of compounds compared to UAE and MAE methods separately. The maximum yields of compounds achieved using UMAE were: FSPs (3533.75 ± 55.81 mg fucose/100 g dried macroalgae (dm)), total soluble carbohydrates (10408.72 ± 229.11 mg glucose equivalents/100 g dm) and phenolic compounds (2605.89 ± 192.97 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dm). The antioxidant properties of the extracts showed no clear trend or extreme improvements by using UAE, MAE or UMAE. The macroalgal cells were strongly altered by the application of MAE and UMAE, as revealed by the SEM images. Further research will be needed to understand the combined effect of sono-generated and microwave-induced modifications on macroalgae that will allow us to tailor the forces of extraction to target specific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 Belfield, Ireland;
| | - Viruja Ummat
- TEAGASC Food Research Centre, Dublin 15 Ashtown, Ireland; (V.U.); (B.T.)
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 Belfield, Ireland
| | - Brijesh Tiwari
- TEAGASC Food Research Centre, Dublin 15 Ashtown, Ireland; (V.U.); (B.T.)
| | - Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 Belfield, Ireland;
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Percival BC, Wann A, Zbasnik R, Schlegel V, Edgar M, Zhang J, Ampem G, Wilson P, Le Gresley A, Naughton D, Grootveld M. Evaluations of the Peroxidative Susceptibilities of Cod Liver Oils by a 1H NMR Analysis Strategy: Peroxidative Resistivity of a Natural Collagenous and Biogenic Amine-Rich Fermented Product. Nutrients 2020; 12:E753. [PMID: 32178350 PMCID: PMC7146420 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was employed to molecularly screen the lipid, lipid oxidation product (LOP), and antioxidant compositions of four natural (unrefined) cod liver oil (CLO) products. Products 1-3 were non-fermented CLOs, whilst Product 4 was isolated from pre-fermented cod livers. Supporting analytical data that were acquired included biogenic amine, flavanone, tannin, phenolic antioxidant, α-tocopherol, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) determinations by recommended HPLC, LC/MS/MS, or spectrophotometric methods. SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and 1H NMR analyses investigated and determined collagenous antioxidants and their molecular mass ranges. 1H NMR analysis of aldehydic LOPs was employed to explore the susceptibilities/resistivities of each CLO product to peroxidation that is induced by thermal stressing episodes (TSEs) at 180°C, or following prolonged (42 day) storage episodes at 4 and 23 °C. Product 4 displayed extremely high ORAC values, which were much greater than those of Products 1-3, and that were predominantly ascribable to significant levels of peroxidation-blocking and/or aldehyde-consuming collagenous polypeptides/peptides and ammoniacal agents therein. Significantly lower levels of toxic aldehydes were generated in the pre-fermented Product 4 during exposure to TSEs, or the above long-term storage episodes. These results confirmed the enhanced peroxidative resistivity of a fermented, antioxidant-fortified natural CLO product over those of non-fermented unrefined products. Product 4: Green Pasture Blue Ice™ Fermented Cod Liver Oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita C. Percival
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (B.C.P.); (A.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Angela Wann
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (B.C.P.); (A.W.); (P.W.)
- Department of Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (G.A.); (A.L.G.); (D.N.)
| | - Richard Zbasnik
- Natural Product Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 N 21st Street, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA; (R.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Vicki Schlegel
- Natural Product Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 N 21st Street, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA; (R.Z.); (V.S.)
| | - Mark Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Loughborough, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Jie Zhang
- Green Pasture Products, 416 E. Fremont Street, O’Neill, NE 68763, USA;
| | - Gilbert Ampem
- Department of Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (G.A.); (A.L.G.); (D.N.)
| | - Philippe Wilson
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (B.C.P.); (A.W.); (P.W.)
| | - Adam Le Gresley
- Department of Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (G.A.); (A.L.G.); (D.N.)
| | - Declan Naughton
- Department of Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (G.A.); (A.L.G.); (D.N.)
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (B.C.P.); (A.W.); (P.W.)
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30
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Nanopharmaceutics: Part II-Production Scales and Clinically Compliant Production Methods. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030455. [PMID: 32143286 PMCID: PMC7153617 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due the implementation of nanotechnologies in the pharmaceutical industry over the last few decades, new type of cutting-edge formulations-nanopharmaceutics-have been proposed. These comprise pharmaceutical products at the nanoscale, developed from different types of materials with the purpose to, e.g., overcome solubility problems of poorly water-soluble drugs, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of known drugs but also of new biomolecules, to modify the release profile of loaded compounds, or to decrease the risk of toxicity by providing site-specific delivery reducing the systemic distribution and thus adverse side effects. To succeed with the development of a nanopharmaceutical formulation, it is first necessary to analyze the type of drug which is to be encapsulated, select the type matrix to load it (e.g., polymers, lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, metals), followed by the production procedure. Together these elements have to be compatible with the administration route. To be launched onto the market, the selected production method has to be scaled-up, and quality assurance implemented for the product to reach clinical trials, during which in vivo performance is evaluated. Regulatory issues concerning nanopharmaceutics still require expertise for harmonizing legislation and a clear understanding of clinically compliant production methods. The first part of this study addressing "Nanopharmaceutics: Part I-Clinical trials legislation and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of nanotherapeutics in the EU" has been published in Pharmaceutics. This second part complements the study with the discussion about the production scales and clinically compliant production methods of nanopharmaceutics.
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31
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Xiao N, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Du H, Tu Y. Biological Activities of Egg Yolk Lipids: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1948-1957. [PMID: 32009394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of six dietary nutrients, lipid derived from different food matrices has been extensively studied and has an appropriate application in food, medicine, and cosmetic industry. Egg is a richly nutritive food, of which proteins and lipids possess excellent functional characteristics and biological activities. In recent years, egg yolk lipid has been successively separated and investigated, such as egg yolk oil, phospholipids, and fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, cardiovascular protection, and memory improvement, involving the regulation of cell function and physiological homeostatic balance. In this paper, the biological activities and underlying benefit of egg yolk lipids and fat-soluble components have been highlighted and summarized. Meanwhile, the quantitative data of egg yolk lipids needed to achieve any of the described biological effects and recommended concentrations relevant for dietary intake are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and crucial issues of high-efficiency utilization of egg yolk lipids are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhai Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330045 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330045 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330045 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330045 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Du
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330045 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330045 , People's Republic of China
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Souto EB, Silva GF, Dias-Ferreira J, Zielinska A, Ventura F, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Santini A. Nanopharmaceutics: Part I-Clinical Trials Legislation and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of Nanotherapeutics in the EU. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020146. [PMID: 32053962 PMCID: PMC7076491 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest advances in pharmaceutical technology are leading to the development of cutting edged approaches to produce what is now known as the “Holy Grail” of medicine—nanopharmaceutics. Over the latest decade, the pharmaceutical industry has made important contributions to the scale up of these new products. To ensure their quality, efficacy, and safety for human use, clinical trials are mandatory. Yet, regulation regarding nanopharmaceuticals is still limited with a set of guidelines being recently released with respect to compliance with quality and safety. For the coming years, updates on regulatory issues about nanopharmaceuticals and their use in clinical settings are expected. The use of nanopharmaceuticals in clinical trials depends on the approval of the production methods and assurance of the quality of the final product by implementation and verification of the good manufacturing practices (GMP). This review addresses the available legislation on nanopharmaceuticals within the European Union (EU), the GMP that should be followed for their production, and the current challenges encountered in clinical trials of these new formulations. The singular properties of nanopharmaceuticals over their bulk counterparts are associated with their size, matrix composition, and surface properties. To understand their relevance, four main clinical trial guidelines, namely, for intravenous iron-based nanopharmaceuticals, liposomal-based nanopharmaceuticals, block copolymer micelle-based nanopharmaceuticals, and related to surface coating requirements, are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.); +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.)
| | - Gabriela F. Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Zielinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.S.); (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fátima Ventura
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (A.S.); Tel.: +351-239-488-400 (E.B.S.); +39-81-253-9317 (A.S.)
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Souto SB, Campos JR, Fangueiro JF, Silva AM, Cicero N, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A, Souto EB. Multiple Cell Signalling Pathways of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide in Vasculopathy Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E645. [PMID: 31963760 PMCID: PMC7013900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of diabetes is a constant high blood glucose level (hyperglycaemia), resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Transient or prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic vasculopathy, a secondary systemic damage. C-Peptide is a product of cleavage of proinsulin by a serine protease that occurs within the pancreatic β-cells, being secreted in similar amounts as insulin. The biological activity of human C-peptide is instrumental in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and other vascular complications. The main feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the lack of insulin and of C-peptide, but the progressive β-cell loss is also observed in later stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. C-peptide has multifaceted effects in animals and diabetic patients due to the activation of multiple cell signalling pathways, highlighting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½, Akt, as well as endothelial nitric oxide production. Recent works highlight the role of C-peptide in the prevention and amelioration of diabetes and also in organ-specific complications. Benefits of C-peptide in microangiopathy and vasculopathy have been shown through conservation of vascular function, and also in the prevention of endothelial cell death, microvascular permeability, neointima formation, and in vascular inflammation. Improvement of microvascular blood flow by replacing a physiological amount of C-peptide, in several tissues of diabetic animals and humans, mainly in nerve tissue, myocardium, skeletal muscle, and kidney has been described. A review of the multiple cell signalling pathways of human proinsulin C-peptide in vasculopathy protection is proposed, where the approaches to move beyond the state of the art in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic options of diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana R. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Joana F. Fangueiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Souto EB, Ribeiro AF, Ferreira MI, Teixeira MC, Shimojo AAM, Soriano JL, Naveros BC, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto SB, Santini A. New Nanotechnologies for the Treatment and Repair of Skin Burns Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E393. [PMID: 31936277 PMCID: PMC7013843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn wounds are highly debilitating injuries, with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. In association with the damage of the skin integrity, the risk of infection is increased, posing an obstacle to healing and potentially leading to sepsis. Another limitation against healing is associated with antibiotic resistance mainly due to the use of systemic antibiotics for the treatment of localized infections. Nanotechnology has been successful in finding strategies to incorporate antibiotics in nanoparticles for the treatment of local wounds, thereby avoiding the systemic exposure to the drug. This review focuses on the most recent advances on the use of nanoparticles in wound dressing formulations and in tissue engineering for the treatment of burn wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (M.I.F.); (M.C.T.); (A.A.M.S.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - André F. Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (M.I.F.); (M.C.T.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Maria I. Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (M.I.F.); (M.C.T.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Maria C. Teixeira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (M.I.F.); (M.C.T.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea A. M. Shimojo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (M.I.F.); (M.C.T.); (A.A.M.S.)
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil
| | - José L. Soriano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.S.); (B.C.N.)
| | - Beatriz C. Naveros
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.S.); (B.C.N.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Gunel Z, Torun M, Sahin‐Nadeem H. Sugar,
d
‐pinitol, volatile composition, and antioxidant activity of carob powder roasted by microwave, hot air, and combined microwave/hot air. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Gunel
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Torun
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Hilal Sahin‐Nadeem
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Aydın Adnan Menderes University Aydın Turkey
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Quantification of Trans-Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by a Validated Reverse-Phase HPLC Photodiode Array. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new method based on reverse-phase HPLC combined with photodiode array (PDA) was developed to quantify the release of trans-resveratrol (tRES) from solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The mobile phase was composed of 75:0:25 (V/V) water/methanol/acetonitrile at 0–3.5 min, 32.5:30.0:37.5 (V/V) water/methanol/acetonitrile at 3.6–5.8 min, and 75:0:25 (V/V) water/methanol/acetonitrile at 5.9–10 min. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min, and tRES was detected at the wavelength of 306.6 nm. A concentration range of 1–100 µg/mL was used to obtain the linear calibration curve. SLN were produced by ultrasound technique to load 0.1% (wt/wt) of tRES, and the in vitro release of the drug was run in modified Franz diffusion cells. The mean recovery of tRES was found to be 96.84 ± 0.32%. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The proposed method was applied to in vitro permeability studies, and the Weibull model was found to be the one that best fits the tRES release, which is characterized by a simultaneous lipid chain relaxation and erosion during drug release.
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37
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Nazhand A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Romano R, Mobilia MA, Izzo AA, Santini A. Human health-related properties of chromones: an overview. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:137-152. [PMID: 31631696 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1678618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds occurring throughout the world are scientifically and practically valuable because of their unique and beneficial properties to control a wide range of disorders in the human body. Chromones are attracting increasing attention as novel therapeutic agents due to their effective bioactivities for human health. Accordingly, the present overview article was designed to scan the biological and pharmacological performance of chromones, including their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Nazhand
- Biotechnology Department, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Moji, Iran
| | | | | | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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38
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Omri B, Amraoui M, Tarek A, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Cicero N, Santini A, Kamoun M. Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) Supplementation on Laying Hens' Performance: Eggs Physical, Chemical, and Sensorial Qualities. Foods 2019; 8:E386. [PMID: 31480786 PMCID: PMC6770585 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of spirulina on laying hens' performances: Eggs' physical, chemical, and sensorial qualities. A total of 45 Lohman White hens, 44 weeks of age, were randomized into 3 groups of 15 birds. Hens were given 120 g/d of a basal diet containing 0% (control), 1.5%, and 2.5% of spirulina for 6 weeks. Albumen height and consequently Haugh unit were significantly affected by dietary supplementation of spirulina (p < 0.05) and by weeks on diet (p < 0.05). This supplement did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolk weight or height. However, spirulina increased egg yolk redness (a*) from 1.33 (C) to 12.67 (D1) and 16.19 (D2) and reduced (p < 0.05) the yellowness (b*) parameter from 62.1(C) to 58.17 (D1) and 55.87 (D2). Egg yolks from hens fed spirulina were darker, more red, and less yellow in color than egg yolks from hens fed the control-diet (p < 0.0001). However, spirulina did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolks' total cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, a significant enhancement of egg yolk color was found in response to spirulina supplementation. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the impact of spirulina on egg yolks' fatty acids profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Omri
- Laboratory of improvement and integrated development of animal productivity and food resources, Department of animal production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Carthage Avenue de la République, P.O. Box 77, Amilcar, Tunis 1054, Tunisia.
| | - Marwen Amraoui
- Laboratory of improvement and integrated development of animal productivity and food resources, Department of animal production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Carthage Avenue de la République, P.O. Box 77, Amilcar, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
| | - Arbi Tarek
- Laboratory of improvement and integrated development of animal productivity and food resources, Department of animal production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Carthage Avenue de la République, P.O. Box 77, Amilcar, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mounir Kamoun
- Laboratory of improvement and integrated development of animal productivity and food resources, Department of animal production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Carthage Avenue de la République, P.O. Box 77, Amilcar, Tunis 1054, Tunisia
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Effect of a Combination of Fenugreek Seeds, Linseeds, Garlic and Copper Sulfate on Laying Hens Performances, Egg Physical and Chemical Qualities. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080311. [PMID: 31382400 PMCID: PMC6722560 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations have suggested that fenugreek seeds may have a hypocholesterolemic activity, and thus be efficient in the treatment of egg yolk cholesterol. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of 3% of fenugreek seed combined with 3% of linseed, 1% of garlic paste, and 0.078% of copper sulfate on laying performance, egg quality and lipids profile. Forty four, 41 weeks old, Novogen White laying hens received for 42 days 100 g/d of basal diet (control) or experimental diet (CFSGLSCS). With the exception of egg weight, which showed a significant increase for hens fed on CFSGLSCS with 57.99 g compared to 56.34 g for the control group, egg production (90.84% for control compared to 87.89% for experimental diet), egg mass (50.95 g/d for control compared to 50.87 g/d for CFSGLSCS), feed efficiency (1.94 for control compared to 1.98 for CFSGLSCS) were not affected by dietary treatments. The addition of CFSGLSCS reduced (p < 0.05) egg yolk cholesterol by 5.4% and blood cholesterol from 158.42 mg/dL to 122.82 mg/dL for control and CFSGLSCS, respectively. The dietary addition of CFSGLSCS increased (p < 0.05) total lipids from 4.5 g/egg to 5.23 g/egg and didn’t affect (p > 0.05) yolk triglycerides.
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40
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Applications of Antioxidants in Metabolic Disorders and Degenerative Diseases: Mechanistic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4179676. [PMID: 31467632 PMCID: PMC6701332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4179676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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