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Hou M, Liu S. Recent Progress of pH-Responsive Peptides, Polypeptides, and Their Supramolecular Assemblies for Biomedical Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39105715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and polypeptides feature a variety of active functional groups on their side chains (including carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, amino, and thiol groups), enabling diverse chemical modifications. This versatility makes them highly valuable in stimuli-responsive systems. Notably, pH-responsive peptides and polypeptides, due to their ability to respond to pH changes, hold significant promise for applications in cellular pathology and tumor targeting. Extensive researches have highlighted the potentials of low pH insertion peptides (pHLIPs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in biomedicine. Peptide self-assemblies, with their structural stability, ease of regulation, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability, offer immense potentials in the development of novel materials and biomedical applications. We also explore specific examples of their applications in drug delivery, tumor targeting, and tissue engineering, while discussing future challenges and potential advancements in the field of pH-responsive self-assembling peptide-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin-zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin-zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
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2
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Guo S, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang J, Qin S, Li W. Advances in peptide-based drug delivery systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26009. [PMID: 38404797 PMCID: PMC10884816 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are designed to deliver drugs to their specific targets to minimize their toxic effects and improve their susceptibility to clearance during targeted transport. Peptides have high affinity, low immunogenicity, simple amino acid composition, and adjustable molecular size; therefore, most peptides can be coupled to drugs via linkers to form peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) and act as active pro-drugs. PDCs are widely thought to be promising DDSs, given their ability to improve drug bio-compatibility and physiological stability. Peptide-based DDSs are often used to deliver therapeutic substances such as anti-cancer drugs and nucleic acid-based drugs, which not only slow the degradation rate of drugs in vivo but also ensure the drug concentration at the targeted site and prolong the half-life of drugs in vivo. This article provides an profile of the advancements and future development in functional peptide-based DDSs both domestically and internationally in recent years, in the expectation of achieving targeted drug delivery incorporating functional peptides and taking full advantage of synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Guo
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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Jin Z, Al Amili M, Guo S. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Drug Delivery Based on Polymeric Micelles for Precision Cancer Therapy: Strategies and Prospects. Biomedicines 2024; 12:417. [PMID: 38398021 PMCID: PMC10886702 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, drug therapy for cancer is still limited by its inefficiency and high toxicity. For precision therapy, various drug delivery systems, including polymeric micelles self-assembled from amphiphilic polymeric materials, have been developed to achieve tumor-targeting drug delivery. Considering the characteristics of the pathophysiological environment at the drug target site, the design, synthesis, or modification of environmentally responsive polymeric materials has become a crucial strategy for drug-targeted delivery. In comparison to the normal physiological environment, tumors possess a unique microenvironment, characterized by a low pH, high reactive oxygen species concentration, hypoxia, and distinct enzyme systems, providing various stimuli for the environmentally responsive design of polymeric micelles. Polymeric micelles with tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive characteristics have shown significant improvement in precision therapy for cancer treatment. This review mainly outlines the most promising strategies available for exploiting the tumor microenvironment to construct internal stimulus-responsive drug delivery micelles that target tumors and achieve enhanced antitumor efficacy. In addition, the prospects of TME-responsive polymeric micelles for gene therapy and immunotherapy, the most popular current cancer treatments, are also discussed. TME-responsive drug delivery via polymeric micelles will be an efficient and robust approach for developing clinical cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Jin
- Correspondence: (Z.J.); (S.G.)
| | | | - Shengrong Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
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Fu Q, Yang X, Wang M, Zhu K, Wang Y, Song J. Activatable Probes for Ratiometric Imaging of Endogenous Biomarkers In Vivo. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3916-3968. [PMID: 38258800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic variations in the concentration and abnormal distribution of endogenous biomarkers are strongly associated with multiple physiological and pathological states. Therefore, it is crucial to design imaging systems capable of real-time detection of dynamic changes in biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Recently, ratiometric imaging has emerged as a widely used technique for sensing and imaging of biomarkers due to its advantage of circumventing the limitations inherent to conventional intensity-dependent signal readout methods while also providing built-in self-calibration for signal correction. Here, the recent progress of ratiometric probes and their applications in sensing and imaging of biomarkers are outlined. Ratiometric probes are classified according to their imaging mechanisms, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging, ratiometric optical imaging including photoluminescence imaging and self-luminescence imaging, ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-modal ratiometric imaging are discussed. The applications of ratiometric probes in the sensing and imaging of biomarkers such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), gas molecules, enzymes, metal ions, and hypoxia are discussed in detail. Additionally, this Review presents an overview of challenges faced in this field along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Jia T, Wang H, Chi W, Zhou W, Guo L, Dai Y, Bian K, Sun Z, Ding X, Yu Y. Knockdown of BACE1 by a multistage brain-targeting polyion complex improved memory and learning behaviors in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123727. [PMID: 38142018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting step in the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) synaptotoxins. The siRNA-mediated silencing to attenuate the expression of BACE1 to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in mice had been investigated. To improve therapeutic gene delivery to the central nervous system, cationic copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly[N-(N'-{N''-[N'''-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]-2-aminoethyl}-2-aminoethyl)aspartamide]-cholesterol was synthesized, then RVG29 and Tet1 peptides were exploited as ligands to construct a dual-targeting brain gene delivery polyion complex (Tet1/RVG29-PIC). The cell uptake of a coculture cell model showed that the Tet1/RVG29-PIC exhibited notable transport characteristics and possessed affinity towards nerve cells. In vivo transfection, Tet1/RVG29-PIC possessed the highest expression of luciferase in brain compared with that of RVG29-PIC or Tet1-PIC, which were 1.25 and 1.22 times respectively. Silence BACE1 expression using siRNA-expressing plasmid loaded Tet1/RVG29-PIC that improved behavioral deficits in the APP/PS1 mouse model, demonstrating the favorable brain delivery properties of Tet1/RVG29-PIC by synergistical engagement of GT1B and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Our results suggested that the nanoformulation has the potential to be exploited as a multistage-targeting gene vector for the CNS disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.274 Zhijiang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenya Chi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingyi Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kangqing Bian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xueying Ding
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.86 Wujin Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Biosafety Defense, Naval Medical University, Ministry of Education, No.800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Kim M, Jo H, Jung GY, Oh SS. Molecular Complementarity of Proteomimetic Materials for Target-Specific Recognition and Recognition-Mediated Complex Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208309. [PMID: 36525617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As biomolecules essential for sustaining life, proteins are generated from long chains of 20 different α-amino acids that are folded into unique 3D structures. In particular, many proteins have molecular recognition functions owing to their binding pockets, which have complementary shapes, charges, and polarities for specific targets, making these biopolymers unique and highly valuable for biomedical and biocatalytic applications. Based on the understanding of protein structures and microenvironments, molecular complementarity can be exhibited by synthesizable and modifiable materials. This has prompted researchers to explore the proteomimetic potentials of a diverse range of materials, including biologically available peptides and oligonucleotides, synthetic supramolecules, inorganic molecules, and related coordination networks. To fully resemble a protein, proteomimetic materials perform the molecular recognition to mediate complex molecular functions, such as allosteric regulation, signal transduction, enzymatic reactions, and stimuli-responsive motions; this can also expand the landscape of their potential bio-applications. This review focuses on the recognitive aspects of proteomimetic designs derived for individual materials and their conformations. Recent progress provides insights to help guide the development of advanced protein mimicry with material heterogeneity, design modularity, and tailored functionality. The perspectives and challenges of current proteomimetic designs and tools are also discussed in relation to future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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Doron G, Pearson JJ, Guldberg RE, Temenoff JS. Development and characterization of Factor Xa-responsive materials for applications in cell culture and biologics delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:634-643. [PMID: 36794576 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials may be used to better control the release of bioactive molecules or cells for applications involving drug delivery and controlled cell release. In this study, we developed a Factor Xa (FXa)-responsive biomaterial capable of controlled release of pharmaceutical agents and cells from in vitro culture. FXa-cleavable substrates were formed as hydrogels that degraded in response to FXa enzyme over several hours. Hydrogels were shown to release both heparin and a model protein in response to FXa. Additionally, RGD-functionalized FXa-degradable hydrogels were used to culture mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), enabling FXa-mediated cell dissociation from hydrogels in a manner that preserved multicellular structures. Harvesting MSCs using FXa-mediated dissociation did not influence their differentiation capacity or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity (a measure of immunomodulatory capacity). In all, this FXa-degradable hydrogel is a novel responsive biomaterial system that may be used for on-demand drug delivery, as well as for improving processes for in vitro culture of therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph J Pearson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Rauta PR, Mackeyev Y, Sanders K, Kim JB, Gonzalez VV, Zahra Y, Shohayeb MA, Abousaida B, Vijay GV, Tezcan O, Derry P, Liopo AV, Zubarev ER, Carter R, Singh P, Krishnan S. Pancreatic tumor microenvironmental acidosis and hypoxia transform gold nanorods into cell-penetrant particles for potent radiosensitization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9729. [PMID: 36367938 PMCID: PMC9651859 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coating nanoparticles with stealth epilayers increases circulation time by evading opsonization, macrophage phagocytosis, and reticuloendothelial sequestration. However, this also reduces internalization by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor. We designed gold nanorods (GNRs) with an epilayer that retains stealth properties in circulation but transforms spontaneously in the acidotic tumor microenvironment to a cell-penetrating particle. We used a customized stoichiometric ratio of l-glutamic acid and l-lysine within an amphiphilic polymer of poly(l-glutamic acid-co-l-lysine), or P(Glu-co-Lys), to effect this transformation in acidotic environments. P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs were internalized by cancer cells to facilitate potent in vitro radiosensitization. When administered intravenously in mice, they accumulate in the periphery and core of tumors without any signs of serum biochemical or hematological alterations, normal organ histopathological abnormalities, or overt deterioration in animal health. Furthermore, P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs penetrated the tumor microenvironment to accumulate in the hypoxic cores of tumors to potently radiosensitize heterotopic and orthotopic pancreatic cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith Sanders
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B.K. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yasmin Zahra
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Belal Abousaida
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Okan Tezcan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anton V. Liopo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rickey Carter
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
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Precise delivery of doxorubicin and imiquimod through pH-responsive tumor microenvironment-active targeting micelles for chemo- and immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang J, Zhang L, Xin H, Guo Y, Zhu B, Su L, Wang S, Zeng J, Chen Q, Deng R, Wang Z, Wang J, Jin X, Gui S, Xu Y, Lu X. Mitochondria-targeting folic acid-modified nanoplatform based on mesoporous carbon and a bioactive peptide for improved colorectal cancer treatment. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:453-472. [PMID: 36084923 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral colon-targeted drug delivery systems (OCDDs) are designed to deliver the therapeutic agents to colonic disease sites to improve the effectiveness of drug treatment, increase bioavailability, and reduce systemic side effects and are beneficial for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, concerns about the biosafety of OCDDs are increasing, and changes in the physiological environment of the gastrointestinal tract can affect the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Herein, we report about an orally administered colon-accumulating mitochondria-targeted drug delivery nanoplatform (M27-39@FA-MCNs), which was synthesized using the small peptide, M27-39, and folic acid (FA)-modified mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (FA-MCNs). The phenolic resin polymerized with phloroglucinol and formaldehyde (PF) was used for fabricating MCNs using a one-step soft-template method. Folic acid (FA) can be covalently combined with chitosan-modified MCNs to obtain FA-MCNs. The M27-39@FA-MCNs were stable with a spherical morphology and an average diameter of 129 nm. The cumulative release rate of M27-39@FA-MCNs in the artificial gastric fluid (pH = 1.2) and intestinal fluid (pH = 6.8) for 6 h was 87.77%. This nanoplatform maintains the advantages of both FA and MCNs to improve the bioactivity of M27-39 with high drug accumulation in colorectal tumor tissues and the ease of excretion, thus ameliorating its biosafety and targetability. Furthermore, M27-39@FA-MCNs induced tumor-cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth by disrupting mitochondrial energy metabolism and regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway and immune inflammatory response. Thus, such a mitochondria-targeting FA-modified nanoplatform based on mesoporous carbon and a bioactive peptide may provide a precise strategy for CRC treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we constructed an orally administered colon-accumulating mitochondria-targeted drug delivery nanoplatform (M27-39@FA-MCNs), which was synthesized using the small peptide (M27-39) and folic acid-modified mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (FA-MCNs). M27-39@FA-MCNs increased the targeting ability of M27-39 toward mitochondria and colon based on the properties of FA-MCNs; they also increased M27-39 accumulation and residence time in colon tumors. Oral administration of M27-39@FA-MCNs remarkably alleviated colorectal cancer (CRC) by targeting tumor cell mitochondria and interfering with the mitochondrial energy metabolism process, and inducing apoptosis related P53/Caspase-3 mitochondrial pathway activation. Therefore, M27-39@FA-MCNs may provide a safe and precise therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baokang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liqian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Jiali Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingru Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuiqing Gui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518031, China.
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China.
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Hasannia M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Nekooei S, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis of doxorubicin-loaded peptosomes hybridized with gold nanorod for targeted drug delivery and CT imaging of metastatic breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:391. [PMID: 36045404 PMCID: PMC9429417 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer nanomedicines based on synthetic polypeptides have attracted much attention due to their superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, stimuli responsive capability through secondary conformation change, adjustable functionalities for various cargos such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and small therapeutic molecules. Recently, a few nanoformulations based on polypeptides comprising NK105, NC6004, NK911, CT2103, have entered phase I-III clinical trials for advanced solid tumors therapy. In the current study, we prepared polypeptide-based vesicles called peptosome via self-assembly of amphiphilic polypeptide-based PEG-PBLG diblock copolymer. RESULTS In this regard, poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate (PBLG) was synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-benzyl L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (BLG-NCA) using N-hexylamine as initiator. Then amine-terminated PBLG was covalently conjugated to heterofuctional maleimide PEG-carboxylic acid or methyl-PEG-carboxylic acid. The PEG-PBLG peptosomes were prepared through double emulsion method for the co-delivery of doxorubicin.HCl and gold nanorods as hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents in interior compartment and membrane of peptosomes, respectively (Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX) that DOX encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were determined 42 ± 3.6 and 1.68 ± 3.6. Then, theranostic peptosomes were decorated with thiol-functionalized EpCAM aptamer throught thiol-maleimide reaction producing Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX for targeted delivery. The non-targeted and targeted peptosomes showed 165.5 ± 1.1 and 185 ± 4.7 nm diameters, respectively while providing sustained, controlled release of DOX. Furthermore, non-targeted and targeted peptosomes showed considerable serum stability. In vitro study on MCF-7 and 4T1 cells showed significantly higher cytotoxicity for Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX in comparison with Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX while both system did not show any difference in cytotoxicity against CHO cell line. Furthermore, Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX illustrated higher cellular uptake toward EpCAM-overexpressing 4T1 cells compared to Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX. In preclinical stage, therapeutic and diagnostic capability of the prepared Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX and Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX were investigated implementing subcutaneous 4T1 tumor model in BALB/c mice. The obtained data indicated highest therapeutic index for Apt-Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX compared to Pep@MUA.GNR-DOX and free DOX. Moreover, the prepared system showed capability of CT imaging of tumor tissue in 4T1 tumorized mice through tumor accumulation even 24 h post-administration. CONCLUSION In this regard, the synthesized theranostic peptosomes offer innovative hybrid multipurpose platform for fighting against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Hasannia
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Li Z, Li X, Ai S, Liu S, Guan W. Glucose Metabolism Intervention-Facilitated Nanomedicine Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2707-2731. [PMID: 35747168 PMCID: PMC9213040 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s364840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ordinarily, cancer cells possess features of abnormally increased nutrient intake and metabolic pathways. The disorder of glucose metabolism is the most important among them. Therefore, starvation therapy targeting glucose metabolism specifically, which results in metabolic disorders, restricted synthesis, and inhibition of tumor growth, has been developed for cancer therapy. However, issues such as inadequate targeting effectiveness and drug tolerance impede their clinical transformation. In recent years, nanomaterial-assisted starvation treatment has made significant progress in addressing these challenges, whether as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. Herein, representative researches on the construction of nanosystems conducting starvation therapy are introduced. Elaborate designs and interactions between different treatment mechanisms are meticulously mentioned. Not only are traditional treatments based on glucose oxidase involved, but also newly sprung small molecule agents targeting glucose metabolism. The obstacles and potential for advancing these anticancer therapies were also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Ai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhu D, Lu Y, Gui L, Wang W, Hu X, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang Y. Self-assembling, pH-responsive nanoflowers for inhibiting PAD4 and neutrophil extracellular trap formation and improving the tumor immune microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2592-2608. [PMID: 35646534 PMCID: PMC9136569 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling carrier-free nanodrugs are attractive agents because they accumulate at tumor by an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect without introduction of inactive substances, and some nanodrugs can alter the immune environment. We synthesized a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) molecular inhibitor, ZD-E-1M. It could self-assembled into nanodrug ZD-E-1. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed its cellular colocalization, PAD4 activity and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. The populations of immune cells and expression of immune-related proteins were determined by single-cell mass cytometry. ZD-E-1 formed nanoflowers in an acidic environment, whereas it formed nanospheres at pH 7.4. Accumulation of ZD-E-1 at tumor was pH-responsive because of its pH-dependent differences in the size and shape. It could enter the nucleus and bind to PAD4 to prolong the intracellular retention time. In mice, ZD-E-1 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting PAD4 activity and NETs formation. Besides, ZD-E-1 could regulate the ratio of immune cells in LLC tumor-bearing mice. Immunosuppressive proteins like LAG3 were suppressed, while IFN-γ and TNF-α as stimulators of tumor immune response were upregulated. Overall, ZD-E-1 is a self-assembling carrier-free nanodrug that responds to pH, inhibits PAD4 activity, blocks neutrophil extracellular traps formation, and improves the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Quantum Design China Ltd., Universal Business Park, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Su Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
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Luo J, Guan Z, Gao W, Wang C, Xu Z, Meng C, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Ling Y. A "Double-Locked" and Enzyme/pH-Activated Theranostic Agent for Accurate Tumor Imaging and Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:425. [PMID: 35056740 PMCID: PMC8779152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic agents for concurrent cancer therapy and diagnosis have begun attracting attention as a promising modality. However, accurate imaging and identification remains a great challenge for theranostic agents. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel theranostic agent H6M based on the "double-locked" strategy by introducing an electron-withdrawing nitro group into 1-position of a pH-responsive 3-amino-β-carboline and further covalently linking the hydroxamic acid group, a zinc-binding group (ZBG), to the 3-position of β-carboline to obtain histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory effect for combined HDAC-targeted therapy. We found that H6M can be specifically reduced under overexpressed nitroreductase (NTR) to produce H6AQ, which emits bright fluorescence at low pH. Notably, H6M demonstrated a selective fluorescence imaging via successive reactions with NTR (first "key") and pH (second "key"), and precisely identified tumor margins with a high S/N ratio to guide tumor resection. Finally, H6M exerted robust HDAC1/cancer cell inhibitory activities compared with a known HDAC inhibitor SAHA. Therefore, the NTR/pH-activated theranostic agent provided a novel tool for precise diagnosis and efficient tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zongyu Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;
| | - Qingsong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (W.G.); (C.W.); (Z.X.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
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15
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Conejos-Sánchez I, Đorđević S, Medel M, Vicent MJ. Polypeptides as building blocks for image-guided nanotherapies. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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GSH/ROS Dual-Responsive Supramolecular Nanoparticles Based on Pillar[6]arene and Betulinic Acid Prodrug for Chemo-Chemodynamic Combination Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195900. [PMID: 34641443 PMCID: PMC8512399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on intracellular Fenton reactions is attracting increasing interest in cancer treatment. A simple and novel method to regulate the tumor microenvironment for improved CDT with satisfactory effectiveness is urgently needed. Therefore, glutathione (GSH)/ROS (reactive oxygen species) dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles (GOx@BNPs) for chemo–chemodynamic combination therapy were constructed via host–guest complexation between water-soluble pillar[6]arene and the ferrocene-modified natural anticancer product betulinic acid (BA) prodrug, followed by encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) in the nanoparticles. The novel supramolecular nanoparticles could be activated by the overexpressed GSH and ROS in the tumor microenvironment (TME), not only accelerating the dissociation of nanoparticles—and, thus, improving the BA recovery and release capability in tumors—but also showing the high-efficiency conversion of glucose into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in succession through intracellular Fenton reactions. Investigation of antitumor activity and mechanisms revealed that the dramatic suppression of cancer cell growth induced by GOx@BNPs was derived from the elevation of ROS, decrease in ATP and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and, finally, cell apoptosis. This work presents a novel method for the regulation of the tumor microenvironment for improved CDT, and the preparation of novel GSH/ROS dual-responsive supramolecular nanoparticles, which could exert significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells through the synergistic interaction of chemodynamic therapy, starvation therapy, and chemotherapy (CDT/ST/CT).
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17
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Augustine R, Uthaman S, Kalva N, Eom KH, Huh KM, Pillarisetti S, Park IK, Kim I. Two-tailed tadpole-shaped synthetic polymer polypeptide bioconjugate nanomicelles for enhanced chemo-photothermal therapy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Brito B, Price TW, Gallo J, Bañobre-López M, Stasiuk GJ. Smart magnetic resonance imaging-based theranostics for cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:8706-8737. [PMID: 34522208 PMCID: PMC8419031 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart theranostics are dynamic platforms that integrate multiple functions, including at least imaging, therapy, and responsiveness, in a single agent. This review showcases a variety of responsive theranostic agents developed specifically for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to the privileged position this non-invasive, non-ionising imaging modality continues to hold within the clinical imaging field. Different MRI smart theranostic designs have been devised in the search for more efficient cancer therapy, and improved diagnostic efficiency, through the increase of the local concentration of therapeutic effectors and MRI signal intensity in pathological tissues. This review explores novel small-molecule and nanosized MRI theranostic agents for cancer that exhibit responsiveness to endogenous (change in pH, redox environment, or enzymes) or exogenous (temperature, ultrasound, or light) stimuli. The challenges and obstacles in the design and in vivo application of responsive theranostics are also discussed to guide future research in this interdisciplinary field towards more controllable, efficient, and diagnostically relevant smart theranostics agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Brito
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK, HU6 7RX
- Advanced Magnetic Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga
| | - Thomas W. Price
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH
| | - Juan Gallo
- Advanced Magnetic Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- Advanced Magnetic Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga
| | - Graeme J. Stasiuk
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH
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Huang Y, Wang T, Tan Q, He D, Wu M, Fan J, Yang J, Zhong C, Li K, Zhang J. Smart Stimuli-Responsive and Mitochondria Targeting Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4117-4146. [PMID: 34163163 PMCID: PMC8214531 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in the mitochondria (Mc) contributes to tumor progression. It is a major challenge to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to the Mc for precise treatment. Smart drug delivery systems are based on stimuli-responsiveness and active targeting. Here, we give a whole list of documented pathways to achieve smart stimuli-responsive (St-) and Mc-targeted DDSs (St-Mc-DDSs) by combining St and Mc targeting strategies. We present the formulations, targeting characteristics of St-Mc-DDSs and clarify their anti-cancer mechanisms as well as improvement in efficacy and safety. St-Mc-DDSs usually not only have Mc-targeting groups, molecules (lipophilic cations, peptides, and aptamers) or materials but also sense the surrounding environment and correspondingly respond to internal biostimulators such as pH, redox changes, enzyme and glucose, and/or externally applied triggers such as light, magnet, temperature and ultrasound. St-Mc-DDSs exquisitely control the action site, increase therapeutic efficacy and decrease side effects of the drug. We summarize the clinical research progress and propose suggestions for follow-up research. St-Mc-DDSs may be an innovative and sensitive precision medicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Huang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, PLA, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Fan
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailing Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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El-Shahawy AAG, Elnagar N, Zohery M, Abd Elhafeez MS, El-Dek SI. Smart nanocarrier-based chitosan @silica coated carbon nanotubes composite for breast cancer treatment approach. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1925277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. G. El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha Elnagar
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Drug Research Center, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Medhat Zohery
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Drug Research Center, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | | | - S. I. El-Dek
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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21
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Multi-Smart and Scalable Bioligands-Free Nanomedical Platform for Intratumorally Targeted Tambjamine Delivery, a Difficult to Administrate Highly Cytotoxic Drug. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050508. [PMID: 34064518 PMCID: PMC8147975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide due, in part, to limited success of some current therapeutic approaches. The clinical potential of many promising drugs is restricted by their systemic toxicity and lack of selectivity towards cancer cells, leading to insufficient drug concentration at the tumor site. To overcome these hurdles, we developed a novel drug delivery system based on polyurea/polyurethane nanocapsules (NCs) showing pH-synchronized amphoteric properties that facilitate their accumulation and selectivity into acidic tissues, such as tumor microenvironment. We have demonstrated that the anticancer drug used in this study, a hydrophobic anionophore named T21, increases its cytotoxic activity in acidic conditions when nanoencapsulated, which correlates with a more efficient cellular internalization. A biodistribution assay performed in mice has shown that the NCs are able to reach the tumor and the observed systemic toxicity of the free drug is significantly reduced in vivo when nanoencapsulated. Additionally, T21 antitumor activity is preserved, accompanied by tumor mass reduction compared to control mice. Altogether, this work shows these NCs as a potential drug delivery system able to reach the tumor microenvironment, reducing the undesired systemic toxic effects. Moreover, these nanosystems are prepared under scalable methodologies and straightforward process, and provide tumor selectivity through a smart mechanism independent of targeting ligands.
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Lorkowski ME, Atukorale PU, Ghaghada KB, Karathanasis E. Stimuli-Responsive Iron Oxide Nanotheranostics: A Versatile and Powerful Approach for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001044. [PMID: 33225633 PMCID: PMC7933107 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in unravelling elements of cancer biology involved in disease progression and treatment resistance have highlighted the need for a holistic approach to effectively tackle cancer. Stimuli-responsive nanotheranostics based on iron oxide nanoparticles are an emerging class of versatile nanomedicines with powerful capabilities to "seek, sense, and attack" multiple components of solid tumors. In this work, the rationale for using iron oxide nanoparticles and the basic physical principles that impact their function in biomedical applications are reviewed. Subsequently, recent advances in the integration of iron oxide nanoparticles with various stimulus mechanisms to facilitate the development of stimuli-responsive nanotheranostics for application in cancer therapy are summarized. The integration of an iron oxide core with various surface coating mechanisms results in the generation of hybrid nanoconstructs with capabilities to codeliver a wide variety of highly potent anticancer therapeutics and immune modulators. Finally, emerging future directions and considerations for their clinical translation are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Lorkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Prabhani U. Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Efstathios Karathanasis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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In vivo synergistic anti-tumor effect of lumefantrine combined with pH responsive behavior of nano calcium phosphate based lipid nanoparticles on lung cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jia R, Teng L, Gao L, Su T, Fu L, Qiu Z, Bi Y. Advances in Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Drug-Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1525-1551. [PMID: 33658782 PMCID: PMC7920594 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s293427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines afford unique advantages in therapeutic intervention against tumors. However, conventional nanomedicines have failed to achieve the desired effect against cancers because of the presence of complicated physiological fluids and the tumor microenvironment. Stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems have emerged as potential tools for advanced treatment of cancers. Versatile nano-carriers co-triggered by multiple stimuli in different levels of organisms (eg, extracorporeal, tumor tissue, cell, subcellular organelles) have aroused widespread interest because they can overcome sequential physiological and pathological barriers to deliver diverse therapeutic “payloads” to the desired targets. Furthermore, multiple stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems (MSR-DDSs) offer a good platform for co-delivery of agents and reversing multidrug resistance. This review affords a comprehensive overview on the “landscape” of MSR-DDSs against tumors, highlights the design strategies of MSR-DDSs in recent years, discusses the putative advantage of oncotherapy or the obstacles that so far have hindered the clinical translation of MSR-DDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Su
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Fu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Bi
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Practice Training Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Zhao N, Francis NL, Calvelli HR, Moghe PV. Microglia-targeting nanotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:030902. [PMID: 32923843 PMCID: PMC7481010 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the design of nanotherapeutic platforms that could address the challenges of targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). While the majority of previous research studies on CNS nanotherapeutics have focused on neurons and endothelial cells, the predominant resident immune cells of the CNS, microglia, are also emerging as a promising cellular target for neurodegeneration considering their prominent role in neuroinflammation. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia protect neurons by removing pathological agents. However, long-term exposure of microglia to stimulants will cause sustained activation and lead to neuronal damage due to the release of pro-inflammatory agents, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This Perspective highlights criteria to be considered when designing microglia-targeting nanotherapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. These criteria include conjugating specific microglial receptor-targeting ligands or peptides to the nanoparticle surface to achieve targeted delivery, leveraging microglial phagocytic properties, and utilizing biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials with low immune reactivity and neurotoxicity. In addition, certain therapeutic agents for the controlled inhibition of toxic protein aggregation and for modulation of microglial activation pathways can also be incorporated within the nanoparticle structure without compromising stability. Overall, considering the multifaceted disease mechanisms of neurodegeneration, microglia-targeted nanodrugs and nanotherapeutic particles may have the potential to resolve multiple pathological determinants of the disease and to guide a shift in the microglial phenotype spectrum toward a more neuroprotective state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Rd., Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Nicola L. Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Hannah R. Calvelli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 604 Allison Rd., Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Zheng D, Xia L, Ji H, Jin Z, Bai Y. A Cyclodextrin-Based Controlled Release System in the Simulation of In Vitro Small Intestine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051212. [PMID: 32156096 PMCID: PMC7179424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cyclodextrin (CD)-based controlled release system was developed in the small intestine to control the rate of drug release, on the premise of enteric-coated tablets. The system was designed based on the enzymes exogenous β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (β-CGTase) and endogenous maltase-glucoamylase (MG), wherein MG is secreted in the small intestine and substituted by a congenerous amyloglucosidase (AG). The vanillin-/curcumin-β-CD complexes were prepared and detected by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and host CD degradation was measured based on the glucose yield. The combination of β-CGTase and AG was also functional in the CD complex system. The variations in the concentrations of added β-CGTase, with AG constantly in excess, could effectively alter the rate of host CD degradation and guest release by monitoring glucose production and color disappearance, thus, demonstrating that guest release in the CD complex system could be precisely controlled by changing the amount of β-CGTase used. Thus, the in vitro simulation of the system indicated that a novel controlled release system, based on endogenous MG, could be established in the small intestine. The CD-based controlled release system can be potentially applied in drug delivery and absorption in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (L.X.); (H.J.); (Z.J.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liuxi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (L.X.); (H.J.); (Z.J.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Biologice, Wuxi 214100, China
| | - Hangyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (L.X.); (H.J.); (Z.J.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (L.X.); (H.J.); (Z.J.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.Z.); (L.X.); (H.J.); (Z.J.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0510-85328571
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27
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Eleraky NE, Allam A, Hassan SB, Omar MM. Nanomedicine Fight against Antibacterial Resistance: An Overview of the Recent Pharmaceutical Innovations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E142. [PMID: 32046289 PMCID: PMC7076477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the recent reports of World Health Organization, increased antibiotic resistance prevalence among bacteria represents the greatest challenge to human health. In addition, the poor solubility, stability, and side effects that lead to inefficiency of the current antibacterial therapy prompted the researchers to explore new innovative strategies to overcome such resilient microbes. Hence, novel antibiotic delivery systems are in high demand. Nanotechnology has attracted considerable interest due to their favored physicochemical properties, drug targeting efficiency, enhanced uptake, and biodistribution. The present review focuses on the recent applications of organic (liposomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles), and inorganic (silver, silica, magnetic, zinc oxide (ZnO), cobalt, selenium, and cadmium) nanosystems in the domain of antibacterial delivery. We provide a concise description of the characteristics of each system that render it suitable as an antibacterial delivery agent. We also highlight the recent promising innovations used to overcome antibacterial resistance, including the use of lipid polymer nanoparticles, nonlamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles, anti-microbial oligonucleotides, smart responsive materials, cationic peptides, and natural compounds. We further discuss the applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, combination drug therapy, nano antibiotic strategy, and phage therapy, and their impact on evading antibacterial resistance. Finally, we report on the formulations that made their way towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin E. Eleraky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (N.E.E.); (A.A.)
| | - Ayat Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt; (N.E.E.); (A.A.)
- Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Sahar B. Hassan
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61768, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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