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Bai SC, Wang YC, Li XZ, Li G. Inhibiting the Aggregation of Aβ by Natural Product Molecules. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400223. [PMID: 38807345 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of Aβ has been considered one of the primary causative factors for Alzheimer's disease. Diverse molecular entities have been developed to mitigate the formation of toxic Aβ aggregates within the brain by inhibiting Aβ aggregation. Recognizing that many FDA-approved drugs are derived from natural products, we present a summary of recent discoveries involving natural product molecules with inhibitory effects on Aβ aggregation. By consolidating these findings, our review offers researchers a concise overview of the latest advancements in natural product-based interventions for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Bai
- School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ye-Cheng Wang
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Li
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Gao Li
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian-Taiwan-Hongkong-Macao Science and Technology Co-operation Base of Intelligent Pharmaceutics, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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2
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Barresi E, Baglini E, Poggetti V, Castagnoli J, Giorgini D, Salerno S, Taliani S, Da Settimo F. Indole-Based Compounds in the Development of Anti-Neurodegenerative Agents. Molecules 2024; 29:2127. [PMID: 38731618 PMCID: PMC11085553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a gradual decay process leading to the depletion of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunctions and the deterioration of brain functions, alongside a decline in motor skills and behavioral capabilities. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) impose a substantial socio-economic strain on society, aggravated by the advancing age of the world population and the absence of effective remedies, predicting a negative future. In this context, the urgency of discovering viable therapies is critical and, despite significant efforts by medicinal chemists in developing potential drug candidates and exploring various small molecules as therapeutics, regrettably, a truly effective treatment is yet to be found. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, and particularly those containing the indole nucleus, which has emerged as privileged scaffold, have attracted particular attention for a variety of pharmacological applications. This review analyzes the rational design strategy adopted by different research groups for the development of anti-neurodegenerative indole-based compounds which have the potential to modulate various molecular targets involved in NDs, with reference to the most recent advances between 2018 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Emma Baglini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, CNR Research Area, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Valeria Poggetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Jacopo Castagnoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Doralice Giorgini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.B.); (V.P.); (J.C.); (F.D.S.)
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3
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Banoo R, Nuthakki VK, Wadje BN, Sharma A, Bharate SB. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of indole-piperidine amides as Blood-brain barrier permeable dual cholinesterase and β-secretase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116131. [PMID: 38215587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds play a crucial role in the discovery of therapeutics. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an unfathomable sporadic neurodegenerative disorder that involves multiple pathological pathways. The failure of current single-target small molecules to address AD's underlying causes has prompted interest in discovering multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) to slow down the disease's progression. Herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-piperidine amides as MTDLs for AD. The 5,6-dimethoxy-indole N-(2-(1-benzylpiperidine) carboxamide (23a) inhibits hAChE and hBACE-1 with IC50 values of 0.32 and 0.39 μM, respectively. The MTDL 23a is a mixed-type inhibitor of both hAChE and hBACE-1 with Ki values of 0.26 μM and 0.46 μM, respectively. The MD simulation studies revealed that both AChE and BACE-1 experience minor conformational changes on binding with 23a. In the PAMPA-BBB assay, analog 23a demonstrated CNS permeability, indicating the possibility for future investigation in preclinical models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Banoo
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhagyashri N Wadje
- Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Department of Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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4
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Del Rosario Hernández T, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Drug repurposing for neurodegenerative diseases using Zebrafish behavioral profiles. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116096. [PMID: 38185043 PMCID: PMC10922774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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5
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Murray AP, Biscussi B, Cavallaro V, Donozo M, Rodriguez SA. Naturally Occurring Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Animals: A Review of the Most Effective Inhibitors Reported in 2012-2022. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1621-1649. [PMID: 37357520 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230623105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the "cholinergic hypothesis" as an important therapeutic approach in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the scientific community has made a remarkable effort to discover new and effective molecules with the ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The natural function of this enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain. Thus, its inhibition increases the levels of this neurochemical and improves the cholinergic functions in patients with AD alleviating the symptoms of this neurological disorder. In recent years, attention has also been focused on the role of another enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), mainly in the advanced stages of AD, transforming this enzyme into another target of interest in the search for new anticholinesterase agents. Over the past decades, Nature has proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds relevant to the discovery of new molecules with potential applications in AD therapy. Bioprospecting of new cholinesterase inhibitors among natural products has led to the discovery of an important number of new AChE and BChE inhibitors that became potential lead compounds for the development of anti-AD drugs. This review summarizes a total of 260 active compounds from 142 studies which correspond to the most relevant (IC50 ≤ 15 μM) research work published during 2012-2022 on plant-derived anticholinesterase compounds, as well as several potent inhibitors obtained from other sources like fungi, algae, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Murray
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Brunella Biscussi
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Martina Donozo
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Rodriguez
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Verma SK, Goyary D, Singh AK, Anandhan S, Raina SN, Pandey S, Kumar S, Khare N. Modulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway via elicitation with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles for the enhancement of ajmalicine, a pharmaceutically important alkaloid. PLANTA 2023; 259:30. [PMID: 38150044 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The use of silver nanoparticles as elicitors in cell cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina resulted in increased levels of ajmalicine, upregulated structural and regulatory genes, elevated MDA content, and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes. These findings hold potential for developing a cost-effective method for commercial ajmalicine production. Plants possess an intrinsic ability to detect various stress signals, prompting the activation of defense mechanisms through the reprogramming of metabolites to counter adverse conditions. The current study aims to propose an optimized bioprocess for enhancing the content of ajmalicine in Rauwolfia serpentina callus through elicitation with phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Initially, callus lines exhibiting elevated ajmalicine content were established. Following this, a protocol for the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed extract from Rauwolfia serpentina was successfully standardized. The physicochemical attributes of the silver nanoparticles were identified, including their spherical shape, size ranging from 6.7 to 28.8 nm in diameter, and the presence of reducing-capping groups such as amino, carbonyl, and amide. Further, the findings indicated that the presence of 2.5 mg L-1 phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles in the culture medium increased the ajmalicine content. Concurrently, structural genes (TDC, SLS, STR, SGD, G10H) and regulatory gene (ORCA3) associated with the ajmalicine biosynthetic pathway were observed to be upregulated. A notable increase in MDA content and a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed. A notable increase in MDA content and a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also observed. Our results strongly recommend the augmentation of ajmalicine content in the callus culture of R. serpentina through supplementation with silver nanoparticles, a potential avenue for developing a cost-effective process for the commercial production of ajmalicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Verma
- Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, Nims University Rajasthan, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH-11C, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sivalingam Anandhan
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, 410505, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeraj Khare
- Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, Nims University Rajasthan, Delhi-Jaipur Highway, NH-11C, Jaipur, 303121, Rajasthan, India.
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Duran-Izquierdo M, Sierra-Marquez L, Taboada-Alquerque M, Olivero-Verbel J. Simira cordifolia protects against metal induced-toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1235190. [PMID: 38035022 PMCID: PMC10684763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1235190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simira cordifolia (Hook.f.) Steyerm (Rubiaceae) is a vascular plant used in Northern Colombia as a source of pigments and wood. However, there is a lack of information regarding its pharmacology and toxicity. This research aimed to study the hydroalcoholic extract of Simira cordifolia as a protector against metal-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract of S. cordifolia (HAE-Sc) was conducted using HPLC-ESI-QTOF. Wild-type N2 C. elegans larvae were exposed to different concentrations of HAE-Sc evaluating lethality (50-5000 μg/mL), growth, lifespan, resistance to heat stress, and its protective effect against Mercury (Hg)-, Lead (Pb)- and Cadmium (Cd)-induced lethality (50-1000 μg/mL). The main metabolites present in the extract were iridoids, β-carboline-alkaloids and polyphenols. Bioassays demonstrated that HAE-Sc exhibited low toxicity, with significant lethality (4.2% and 9.4%) occurring at 2500-5000 μg/mL. Growth inhibition reached up to 23.3%, while reproduction declined 13% and 17% at concentrations 500 and 1000 μg/mL, respectively. HAE-Sc enhanced the survival rate of the nematode under thermal stress by up to 79.8%, and extended the mean lifespan of worms by over 33% compared to control. The average lifespan was prolonged by 15.3% and 18.5% at 50 and 100 μg/mL HAE-Sc, respectively. The extract (1000 μg/mL) was able to reduce the death of C. elegans in the presence of heavy metals up to 65.9, 96.8% and 87% for Pb, Hg, and Cd, respectively. In summary, S. cordifolia shows potential protective effects in C. elegans against toxicity caused by heavy metals and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla Campus, Cartagena, Colombia
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Wang Y, Huo Y, Wang S, Zheng T, Du W. β-Carboline Alkaloids Resist the Aggregation and Cytotoxicity of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300395. [PMID: 37485551 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antibiosis and antidiabetes. Harmine and harmol are two structurally similar β-carbolines that occur in many medicinal plants. In this work, we chose harmine and harmol to impede the amyloid fibril formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by a series of physicochemical and biochemical methods. The results indicate that harmine and harmol effectively prevent peptide fibril formation and alleviate toxic oligomer species. In addition, both small molecules exhibit strong binding affinities with hIAPP mainly through hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, thus reducing the cytotoxicity induced by hIAPP. Their distinct binding pattern with hIAPP is closely linked to the molecular configuration of the two small molecules, affecting their ability to impede peptide aggregation. The study is of great significance for the application and development of β-carboline alkaloids against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No.59, Zhong Guan Cun Street Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No.59, Zhong Guan Cun Street Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Shao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No.59, Zhong Guan Cun Street Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No.59, Zhong Guan Cun Street Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No.59, Zhong Guan Cun Street Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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9
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Hernández TDR, Gore SV, Kreiling JA, Creton R. Finding Drug Repurposing Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases using Zebrafish Behavioral Profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557235. [PMID: 37745452 PMCID: PMC10515830 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate drug development while reducing the cost and risk of toxicity typically associated with de novo drug design. Several disorders lacking pharmacological solutions and exhibiting poor results in clinical trials - such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) - could benefit from a cost-effective approach to finding new therapeutics. We previously developed a neural network model, Z-LaP Tracker, capable of quantifying behaviors in zebrafish larvae relevant to cognitive function, including activity, reactivity, swimming patterns, and optomotor response in the presence of visual and acoustic stimuli. Using this model, we performed a high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs to identify compounds that affect zebrafish larval behavior in a manner consistent with the distinct behavior induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Cyclosporine (CsA) and other calcineurin inhibitors have garnered interest for their potential role in the prevention of AD. We generated behavioral profiles suitable for cluster analysis, through which we identified 64 candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Del Rosario Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sayali V Gore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robbert Creton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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10
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Naskar S, Gour N. Realization of Amyloid-like Aggregation as a Common Cause for Pathogenesis in Diseases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1523. [PMID: 37511898 PMCID: PMC10381831 DOI: 10.3390/life13071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids were conventionally referred to as extracellular and intracellular accumulation of Aβ42 peptide, which causes the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles inside the brain leading to the pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently, amyloid-like deposition was found in the etiology of prion diseases, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cancer, which was attributed to the aggregation of prion protein, α-Synuclein, islet amyloid polypeptide protein, and p53 protein, respectively. Hence, traditionally amyloids were considered aggregates formed exclusively by proteins or peptides. However, since the last decade, it has been discovered that other metabolites, like single amino acids, nucleobases, lipids, glucose derivatives, etc., have a propensity to form amyloid-like toxic assemblies. Several studies suggest direct implications of these metabolite assemblies in the patho-physiology of various inborn errors of metabolisms like phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, cystinuria, and Gaucher's disease, to name a few. In this review, we present a comprehensive literature overview that suggests amyloid-like structure formation as a common phenomenon for disease progression and pathogenesis in multiple syndromes. The review is devoted to providing readers with a broad knowledge of the structure, mode of formation, propagation, and transmission of different extracellular amyloids and their implications in the pathogenesis of diseases. We strongly believe a review on this topic is urgently required to create awareness about the understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanism behind the origin of diseases from an amyloid perspective and possibly look for a common therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these maladies by designing generic amyloid inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumick Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana 382740, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Gour
- Department of Chemistry, Indrashil University, Kadi, Mehsana 382740, Gujarat, India
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11
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Dou Q, Zhu Y, Li C, Bian Z, Song H, Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. 4F-Indole Enhances the Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0451922. [PMID: 36975825 PMCID: PMC10100892 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04519-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly serious. The aminoglycoside antibiotics have been widely used to treat severe Gram-negative bacterial infections. Here, we reported that a class of small molecules, namely, halogenated indoles, can resensitize Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, neomycin, ribosomalin sulfate, and cisomicin. We selected 4F-indole as a representative of halogenated indoles to investigate its mechanism and found that the two-component system (TCS) PmrA/PmrB inhibited the expression of multidrug efflux pump MexXY-OprM, allowing kanamycin to act intracellularly. Moreover, 4F-indole inhibited the biosynthesis of several virulence factors, such as pyocyanin, type III secretion system (T3SS), and type VI secretion system (T6SS) exported effectors, and reduced the swimming and twitching motility by suppressing the expression of flagella and type IV pili. This study suggests that the combination of 4F-indole and kanamycin can be more effective against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and affect its multiple physiological activities, providing a novel insight into the reactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a major public health crisis. Its resistance to existing antibiotics causes clinical infections that are hard to cure. In this study, we found that halogenated indoles in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics could be more effective than antibiotics alone against P. aeruginosa PAO1 and preliminarily revealed the mechanism of the 4F-indole-induced regulatory effect. Moreover, the regulatory effect of 4F-indole on different physiological behaviors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was analyzed by combined transcriptomics and metabolomics. We explain that 4F-indole has potential as a novel antibiotic adjuvant, thus slowing down the further development of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeran Bian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Song
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingsong Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xile Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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12
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Evaluation of pyrimidine/pyrrolidine-sertraline based hybrids as multitarget anti-Alzheimer agents: In-vitro, in-vivo, and computational studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114239. [PMID: 36638595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial and most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative ailment. Its multifactorial and complex nature causes the lack of disease modifying drugs. Hence, multi-target drug design strategies have been adopted to halt the progression of AD. In current research, we applied multitarget strategy to tackle multifactorial nature of AD. Rational design and synthesis of framework of hybrids containing Pyrimidine/pyrrolidine-sertraline scaffolds were carried out. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their in-vitro enzyme inhibition potential against cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1). Compound 19 emerged as an optimal multipotent hybrid with IC50 values of 0.07 µM, 0.09 µM, 0.63 µM, 0.21 µM and 0.73 µM against AChE, BChE, MAO-A, MAO-B and BACE-1 respectively. After in-vivo cytotoxicity and in-vitro PAMPA blood brain barrier permeation assays, a number of widely used behavioral assessment tests were also performed for the evaluation of memory and learning.Determination of biochemical parameters showed low levels of acetylcholinesterase by the treatment with synthesized compounds. Furthermore, levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline were also analyzed. Increased neurotransmitter levels showed the improved short and long-term memory as well as enhanced learning behavior. Docking studies on the target enzymes showed correlation with the experimental in-vitro enzyme inhibition results.
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13
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Vrabec R, Blunden G, Cahlíková L. Natural Alkaloids as Multi-Target Compounds towards Factors Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054399. [PMID: 36901826 PMCID: PMC10003045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people; currently, there is no efficient treatment. Considering the increase in life expectancy worldwide AD rates are predicted to increase enormously, and thus the search for new AD drugs is urgently needed. A great amount of experimental and clinical evidence indicated that AD is a complex disorder characterized by widespread neurodegeneration of the CNS, with major involvement of the cholinergic system, causing progressive cognitive decline and dementia. The current treatment, based on the cholinergic hypothesis, is only symptomatic and mainly involves the restoration of acetylcholine (ACh) levels through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Since the introduction of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine as an antidementia drug in 2001, alkaloids have been one of the most attractive groups for searching for new AD drugs. The present review aims to comprehensively summarize alkaloids of various origins as multi-target compounds for AD. From this point of view, the most promising compounds seem to be the β-carboline alkaloid harmine and several isoquinoline alkaloids since they can simultaneously inhibit several key enzymes of AD's pathophysiology. However, this topic remains open for further research on detailed mechanisms of action and the synthesis of potentially better semi-synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Vrabec
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Potential Drugs Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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14
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Recent advance on pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors bearing amyloid modulation efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114695. [PMID: 36044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hugely important roles of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) focused on cholinesterase (ChE) and Aβ becomes one of the most attractive strategies for combating AD. To date, numerous preclinical studies toward multifunctional conjugates bearing ChE inhibition and anti-Aβ aggregation have been reported. Noteworthily, most of the reported multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors are carbamate-based compounds due to the initial properties of carbamate moiety. However, because their easy hydrolysis in vivo and the instability of the compound-enzyme conjugate, the mechanism of action of these compounds is rare. Thus, non-carbamate compounds are of great need for developing novel cholinesterase inhibitors. Besides, given that Aβ accumulation begins to occur 10-15 years before AD onset, modulating Aβ is ineffective only in inhibiting its aggregation but not eliminate the already accumulated Aβ if treatment is started when the patient has been diagnosed as AD. Considering the limitation of current Aβ accumulation modulators in ameliorating cognitive deficits and ineffectiveness of ChE inhibitors in blocking disease progression, the development of a practically valuable strategy with multiple pharmaceutical properties including ChE inhibition and Aβ modulation for treating AD is indispensable. In this review, we focus on summarizing the scaffold characteristics of reported non-carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors with Aβ modulation since 2020, and understanding the ingenious multifunctional drug design ideas to accelerate the pace of obtaining more efficient anti-AD drugs in the future.
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15
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Insights into the Explicit Protective Activity of Herbals in Management of Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Disorders. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154970. [PMID: 35956919 PMCID: PMC9370592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The longstanding progressive neurodegenerative conditions of the central nervous system arise mainly due to deterioration, degradation and eventual neuronal cell loss. As an individual ages, the irreversible neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging also begin to develop, and these have become exceedingly prominent and pose a significant burden mentally, socially and economically on both the individual and their family. These disorders express several symptoms, such as tremors, dystonia, loss of cognitive functions, impairment of motor activity leading to immobility, loss of memory and many more which worsen with time. The treatment employed in management of these debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (which mainly involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal region), Alzheimer’s disease (which arises due to accumulation of Tau proteins causing diffusive atrophy in the brain), Huntington’s disease (which involves damage of striatal and spinal neurons, etc.), have several adverse effects, leading to exploration of several lead targets and molecules existing in herbal drugs. The current review highlights the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of several neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic stroke and depression.
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George N, Jawaid Akhtar M, Al Balushi KA, Alam Khan S. Rational drug design strategies for the development of promising multi-target directed indole hybrids as Anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105941. [PMID: 35714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disorder that leads to dementia i.e., progressive memory loss accompanied with worsening of thinking ability of an individual. The cause of AD is not fully understood but it progresses with age where brain cells gradually die over time. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently 50 million people worldwide are affected by dementia and 60-70% of the cases belong to AD. Cumulative research over the past few decades have shown that molecules that act at a single target possess limited efficacy since these investigational drugs are not able to act against complex pathologies and thus do not provide permanent cure. Designing of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) appears to be more beneficial and a rational approach to treat chronic complex diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, MTDLs are being extensively researched by the medicinal chemists for the development of drugs for the treatment of various multifactorial diseases. Indole is one of the privileged scaffolds which is considered as an essential mediator between the gut-brain axis because of its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, β-amyloid anti-aggregation and antioxidant activities. Herein, we have reviewed the potential of some indole-hybrids acting at multiple targets in the pathogenesis of AD. We have reviewed research articles from the year 2014-2021 from various scientific databases and highlighted the synthetic strategies, mechanisms of neuroprotection, toxicity, structure activity relationships and molecular docking studies of various indole-hybrid derivatives. This literature review of published data on indole derivatives indicated that developing indole hybrids have improved the pharmacokinetic profile with lower toxicity, provided synergistic effect, helped to develop more potent compounds and prevented drug-drug interactions. It is evident that this class of compounds have potential to inhibit multiple enzymes targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD and therefore indole hybrids as MTDLs may play an important role in the development of anti-AD molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namy George
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman.
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17
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de Sousa NF, Scotti L, de Moura ÉP, dos Santos Maia M, Soares Rodrigues GC, de Medeiros HIR, Lopes SM, Scotti MT. Computer Aided Drug Design Methodologies with Natural Products in the Drug Research Against Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:857-885. [PMID: 34636299 PMCID: PMC9881095 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211005145952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are compounds isolated from plants that provide a variety of lead structures for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. The interest in these substances increases because of their beneficial effects on human health. Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects occur in about 80% of individuals aged 65 years. AD, the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, is characterized by progressive neurodegenerative alterations, as decrease of cholinergic impulse, increased toxic effects caused by reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory process that the amyloid plaque participates. In silico studies is relevant in the process of drug discovery; through technological advances in the areas of structural characterization of molecules, computational science and molecular biology have contributed to the planning of new drugs used against neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the social impairment caused by an increased incidence of disease and that there is no chemotherapy treatment effective against AD; several compounds are studied. In the researches for effective neuroprotectants as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease, natural products have been extensively studied in various AD models. This study aims to carry out a literature review with articles that address the in silico studies of natural products aimed at potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the period from 2015 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil;,Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil,Address correspondence to this author at the Health Sciences Center, Chemioinformatic Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil; E-mail:
| | - Érika Paiva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Mayara dos Santos Maia
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Soares Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Simone Mendes Lopes
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
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18
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Abuzenadah AM, Al-Sayes F, Mahafujul Alam SS, Hoque M, Karim S, Hussain IMR, Tabrez S. Identification of Potential Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitors Derived from Rauwolfia serpentina: Possible Implication in Cancer Therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3787162. [PMID: 35368755 PMCID: PMC8967534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3787162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been recognized as a prospective target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Several PARP-1 inhibitors are currently being considered for anticancer drug development and clinical investigation. Lately, natural compounds seem to be excellent alternative drug candidates for cancer treatment. Rauwolfia serpentina is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Indian subcontinents to treat various diseases. This study has been designed to identify the bioactive compounds derived from R. serpentina for possible binding and inhibition of PARP-1 using the molecular docking approach. Thirteen compounds were found to interact with the target with a binding affinity greater than the value of -9.0 kcal/mol. After screening the physicochemical properties, only 5 ligands (ajmalicine, yohimbine, isorauhimbine, rauwolscine, and 1,2-dihydrovomilenine) were found to obey all the parameters of Lipinski's rule of five, showed maximum drug-likeness, and possess no significant toxicity. These ligands displayed strong interactions with target PARP-1 via several hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, these identified compounds derived from R. serpentina can be considered for drug development against cancer-targeting PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin Al-Sayes
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mehboob Hoque
- Applied Bio-Chemistry Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtessam M. R. Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Selected Natural Products in Neuroprotective Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease-A Non-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031212. [PMID: 35163136 PMCID: PMC8835836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are distinguished by the irreversible degeneration of central nervous system function and structure. AD is characterized by several different neuropathologies—among others, it interferes with neuropsychiatrical controls and cognitive functions. This disease is the number one neurodegenerative disorder; however, its treatment options are few and, unfortunately, ineffective. In the new strategies devised for AD prevention and treatment, the application of plant-based natural products is especially popular due to lesser side effects associated with their taking. Moreover, their neuroprotective activities target different pathological mechanisms. The current review presents the anti-AD properties of several natural plant substances. The paper throws light on products under in vitro and in vivo trials and compiles information on their mechanism of actions. Knowledge of the properties of such plant compounds and their combinations will surely lead to discovering new potent medicines for the treatment of AD with lesser side effects than the currently available pharmacological proceedings.
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20
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Yang Z, Zhou DD, Huang SY, Fang AP, Li HB, Zhu HL. Effects and mechanisms of natural products on Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34613845 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1985428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly people with a high incidence rate and complicated pathogenesis, and causes progressive cognitive deficit and memory impairment. Some natural products and bioactive compounds from natural sources show great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD, such as apple, blueberries, grapes, chili pepper, Monsonia angustifolia, cruciferous vegetables, Herba epimedii, Angelica tenuissima, Embelia ribes, sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, green tea, Puer tea, Amanita caesarea and Inonotus obliquus, via reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation, regulating cholinergic system, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation. This review mainly summarizes the effects of some natural products and their bioactive compounds on AD with the potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Venkidath A, Oh JM, Dev S, Amin E, Rasheed SP, Vengamthodi A, Gambacorta N, Khames A, Abdelgawad MA, George G, Nicolotti O, Kim H, Mathew B. Selected Class of Enamides Bearing Nitro Functionality as Dual-Acting with Highly Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B and BACE1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196004. [PMID: 34641548 PMCID: PMC8512054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A small series of nitro group-bearing enamides was designed, synthesized (NEA1–NEA5), and evaluated for their inhibitory profiles of monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (β-secretase, BACE1). Compounds NEA3 and NEA1 exhibited a more potent MAO-B inhibition (IC50 value = 0.0092 and 0.016 µM, respectively) than the standards (IC50 value = 0.11 and 0.14 µM, respectively, for lazabemide and pargyline). Moreover, NEA3 and NEA1 showed greater selectivity index (SI) values toward MAO-B over MAO-A (SI of >1652.2 and >2500.0, respectively). The inhibition and kinetics studies suggested that NEA3 and NEA1 are reversible and competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 0.013 ± 0.005 and 0.0049 ± 0.0002 µM, respectively, for MAO-B. In addition, both NEA3 and NEA1 showed efficient BACE1 inhibitions with IC50 values of 8.02 ± 0.13 and 8.21 ± 0.03 µM better than the standard quercetin value (13.40 ± 0.04 µM). The parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) method demonstrated that all the synthesized derivatives can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) successfully. Docking analyses were performed by employing an induced-fit docking approach in the GLIDE module of Schrodinger, and the results were in agreement with their in vitro inhibitory activities. The present study resulted in the discovery of potent dual inhibitors toward MAO-B and BACE1, and these lead compounds can be fruitfully explored for the generation of newer, clinically active agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Venkidath
- Centre for Experimental Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679325, India; (A.V.); (S.P.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sanal Dev
- Centre for Experimental Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679325, India; (A.V.); (S.P.R.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (H.K.); or (B.M.)
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Shebina P. Rasheed
- Centre for Experimental Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679325, India; (A.V.); (S.P.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Ajeesh Vengamthodi
- Centre for Experimental Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna 679325, India; (A.V.); (S.P.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India;
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (H.K.); or (B.M.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (H.K.); or (B.M.)
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22
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Sałat K, Furgała-Wojas A. Serotonergic Neurotransmission System Modulator, Vortioxetine, and Dopaminergic D 2/D 3 Receptor Agonist, Ropinirole, Attenuate Fibromyalgia-Like Symptoms in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082398. [PMID: 33924258 PMCID: PMC8074757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a disease characterized by lowered pain threshold, mood disorders, and decreased muscular strength. It results from a complex dysfunction of the nervous system and due to unknown etiology, its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are a serious challenge for contemporary medicine. Impaired serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission are regarded as key factors contributing to fibromyalgia. The present research assessed the effect of serotonergic and dopaminergic system modulators (vortioxetine and ropinirole, respectively) on the pain threshold, depressive-like behavior, anxiety, and motor functions of mice with fibromyalgia-like symptoms induced by subcutaneous reserpine (0.25 mg/kg). By depleting serotonin and dopamine in the mouse brain, reserpine induced symptoms of human fibromyalgia. Intraperitoneal administration of vortioxetine and ropinirole at the dose of 10 mg/kg alleviated tactile allodynia. At 5 and 10 mg/kg ropinirole showed antidepressant-like properties, while vortioxetine had anxiolytic-like properties. None of these drugs influenced muscle strength but reserpine reduced locomotor activity of mice. Concluding, in the mouse model of fibromyalgia vortioxetine and ropinirole markedly reduced pain. These drugs affected emotional processes of mice in a distinct manner. Hence, these two repurposed drugs should be considered as potential drug candidates for fibromyalgia. The selection of a specific drug should depend on patient’s key symptoms.
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Cruz-Vicente P, Passarinha LA, Silvestre S, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in New Therapeutic Agents against Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: In-Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:2193. [PMID: 33920326 PMCID: PMC8069930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), are becoming increasingly more common and are recognized as a social problem in modern societies. These disorders are characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration and are considered one of the main causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no existing cure for AD nor PD and the clinically used drugs aim only at symptomatic relief, and are not capable of stopping neurodegeneration. Over the last years, several drug candidates reached clinical trials phases, but they were suspended, mainly because of the unsatisfactory pharmacological benefits. Recently, the number of compounds developed using in silico approaches has been increasing at a promising rate, mainly evaluating the affinity for several macromolecular targets and applying filters to exclude compounds with potentially unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Thus, in this review, an overview of the current therapeutics in use for these two ND, the main targets in drug development, and the primary studies published in the last five years that used in silico approaches to design novel drug candidates for AD and PD treatment will be presented. In addition, future perspectives for the treatment of these ND will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Beato A, Gori A, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M, Haudecoeur R. β-Carboline as a Privileged Scaffold for Multitarget Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33528252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural β-carboline alkaloids display similarities with neurotransmitters that can be favorably exploited to design bioactive and bioavailable drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Several AD targets are currently and intensively being investigated, divided in different hypotheses: mainly the cholinergic, the amyloid β (Aβ), and the Tau hypotheses. To date, only symptomatic treatments are available involving acetylcholinesterase and NMDA inhibitors. On the basis of plethoric single-target structure-activity relationship studies, the β-carboline scaffold was identified as a powerful tool for fostering activity and molecular interactions with a wide range of AD-related targets. This knowledge can undoubtedly be used to design multitarget-directed ligands, a highly relevant strategy preferred in the context of multifactorial pathology with intricate etiology such as AD. In this review, we first individually discuss the AD targets of the β-carbolines, and then we focus on the multitarget strategies dedicated to the deliberate design of new efficient scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthonin Gori
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHANEL Parfums Beauté, F-93500 Pantin, France
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Ou GY, Lin WW, Zhao WJ. Construction of Long Noncoding RNA-Associated ceRNA Networks Reveals Potential Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:169-183. [PMID: 34024830 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that seriously impairs both cognitive and memory functions mainly in the elderly, and its incidence increases with age. Recent studies demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in AD by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to construct lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory networks composed of potential biomarkers in AD based on the ceRNA hypothesis. METHODS A total of 20 genes (10 upregulated genes and 10 downregulated genes) were identified as the hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment analysis showed that the most significant pathways of DEGs involved include retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, synaptic vesicle circle, and AD. The upregulated hub genes were mainly enriched in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, whereas downregulated hub genes were involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. After convergent functional genomic (CFG) ranks and expression level analysis in different brain regions of hub genes, we found that CXCR4, GFAP, and GNG3 were significantly correlated with AD. We further identified crucial miRNAs and lncRNAs of targeted genes to construct lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory networks. RESULTS The results showed that two lncRNAs (NEAT1, MIAT), three miRNAs (hsa-miR-551a, hsa-miR-133b and hsa-miR-206), and two mRNA (CXCR4 and GNG3), which are highly related to AD, were preliminarily identified as potential AD biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying AD, which may potentially contribute to the ceRNA mechanism in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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