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Mathew Thevarkattil A, Yousaf S, Houacine C, Khan W, Bnyan R, Elhissi A, Khan I. Anticancer drug delivery: Investigating the impacts of viscosity on lipid-based formulations for pulmonary targeting. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124591. [PMID: 39168287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery via aerosolization is a non-intrusive method for achieving localized and systemic effects. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of viscosity as a novel aspect (i.e., low, medium and high) using various lipid-based formulations (including liposomes (F1-F3), transfersomes (F4-F6), micelles (F7-F9) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs; F10-F12)) as well as to investigate their impact on in-vitro nebulization performance using Trans-resveratrol (TRES) as a model anticancer drug. Based on the physicochemical properties, micelles (F7-F9) elicited the smallest particle size (12-174 nm); additionally, all formulations tested exhibited high entrapment efficiency (>89 %). Through measurement using capillary viscometers, NLC formulations exhibited the highest viscosity (3.35-10.04 m2/sec). Upon using a rotational rheometer, formulations exhibited shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) behaviour. Air jet and vibrating mesh nebulizers were subsequently employed to assess nebulization performance using an in-vitro model. Higher viscosity formulations elicited a prolonged nebulization time. The vibrating mesh nebulizer exhibited significantly higher emitted dose (ED), fine particle fraction (FPF) and fine particle dose (FPD) (up to 97 %, 90 % and 64 µg). Moreover, the in-vitro release of TRES was higher at pH 5, demonstrating an alignment of the release profile with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Thus, formulations with higher viscosity paired with a vibrating mesh nebulizer were an ideal combination for delivering and targeting peripheral lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Mathew Thevarkattil
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sakib Yousaf
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Chahinez Houacine
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Wasiq Khan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Ruba Bnyan
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iftikhar Khan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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2
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Hilal A, Florowska A, Florowski T, Rybak K, Domian E, Szymański M, Wroniak M. Effects of Sequential Induction Combining Thermal Treatment with Ultrasound or High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Pea Protein-Psyllium Hydrogels as Elderberry Extract Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9033. [PMID: 39201717 PMCID: PMC11354354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Entrapping bioactive ingredients like elderberry extract in hydrogels improves their stability and functionality in food matrices. This study assessed the effect of sequential thermal treatment with ultrasound (US) or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and treatment duration on pea protein-psyllium hydrogels as elderberry extract carriers. Measurements included color parameters, extract entrapment efficiency, physical stability, textural properties, microrheology, FT-IR, thermal degradation (TGA), SEM images, total polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, and reducing power. The control hydrogel was obtained using only thermal induction. Both treatments impacted physical stability by affecting biopolymer aggregate structures. Thermal and US combined induction resulted in hydrogels with noticeable color changes and reduced entrapment efficiency. Conversely, thermal and HHP-combined induction, especially with extended secondary treatment (10 min), enhanced hydrogel strength, uniformity, and extract entrapment efficiency (EE = 33% for P10). FT-IR and TGA indicated no chemical structural alterations post-treatment. Sequential thermal and HHP induction preserved polyphenol content, antioxidant activity (ABTS = 5.8 mg TE/g d.m.; DPPH = 11.1 mg TE/g d.m.), and reducing power (RP = 1.08 mg TE/g d.m.) due to the dense hydrogel structure effectively enclosing the elderberry extract. Sequential thermal and HHP induction was more effective in developing pea protein-psyllium hydrogels for elderberry extract entrapment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Hilal
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Florowska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Tomasz Florowski
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (E.D.)
| | - Ewa Domian
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (E.D.)
| | - Marcin Szymański
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Wroniak
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (T.F.); (M.W.)
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3
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Hilal A, Florowska A, Domian E, Wroniak M. Binary Pea Protein-Psyllium Hydrogel: Insights into the Influence of pH and Ionic Strength on the Physical Stability and Mechanical Characteristics. Gels 2024; 10:401. [PMID: 38920947 PMCID: PMC11203367 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Food hydrogels, used as delivery systems for bioactive compounds, can be formulated with various food-grade biopolymers. Their industrial utility is largely determined by their physicochemical properties. However, comprehensive data on the properties of pea protein-psyllium binary hydrogels under different pH and ionic strength conditions are limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of pH (adjusted to 7, 4.5, and 3) and ionic strength (modified by NaCl addition to 0.15 and 0.3 M) on the physical stability, color, texture, microrheological, and viscoelastic properties of these hydrogels. Color differences were most noticeable at lower pH levels. Inducing hydrogels at pH 7 (with or without NaCl) and pH 4.5 and 3 (without NaCl) resulted in complete gel structures with low stability, low elastic and storage moduli, and low complex viscosity, making them easily spreadable. Lower pH inductions (4.5 and 3) in the absence of NaCl resulted in hydrogels with shorter linear viscoelastic regions. Hydrogels induced at pH 4.5 and 3 with NaCl had high structural stability, high G' and G" moduli, complex viscosity, and high spreadability. Among the tested induction conditions, pH 3 with 0.3 M NaCl allowed for obtaining a hydrogel with the highest elastic and storage moduli values. Adjusting pH and ionic strength during hydrogel induction allows for modifying and tailoring their properties for specific industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Hilal
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Anna Florowska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (M.W.)
| | - Ewa Domian
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Wroniak
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.F.); (M.W.)
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4
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Han J, Chen Y, Xu X, Li Q, Xiang X, Shen J, Ma X. Development of Recombinant High-Density Lipoprotein Platform with Innate Adipose Tissue-Targeting Abilities for Regional Fat Reduction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13635-13651. [PMID: 38753978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
As an escalating public health issue, obesity and overweight conditions are predispositions to various diseases and are exacerbated by concurrent chronic inflammation. Nonetheless, extant antiobesity pharmaceuticals (quercetin, capsaicin, catecholamine, etc.) manifest constrained efficacy alongside systemic toxic effects. Effective therapeutic approaches that selectively target adipose tissue, thereby enhancing local energy expenditure, surmounting the limitations of prevailing antiobesity modalities are highly expected. In this context, we developed a temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) to achieve targeted delivery of resveratrol, an adipose browning activator, to adipose tissue. rHDL exhibits self-regulation on fat cell metabolism and demonstrates natural targeting toward scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which is highly expressed by fat cells, thereby achieving a synergistic effect for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, the dispersion of rHDL@Res in temperature-sensitive hydrogels, coupled with the regulation of their degradation and drug release rate, facilitated sustainable drug release at local adipose tissues over an extended period. Following 24 days' treatment regimen, obese mice exhibited improved metabolic status, resulting in a reduction of 68.2% of their inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). Specifically, rHDL@Res/gel facilitated the conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids (PA, PC), expediting fat mobilization, mitigating triglyceride accumulation, and therefore facilitating adipose tissue reduction. Furthermore, rHDL@Res/gel demonstrated efficacy in attenuating obesity-induced inflammation and fostering angiogenesis in ingWAT. Collectively, this engineered local fat reduction platform demonstrated heightened effectiveness and safety through simultaneously targeting adipocytes, promoting WAT browning, regulating lipid metabolism, and controlling inflammation, showing promise for adipose-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yingxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingmeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, P. R. China
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5
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Selivanova NM, Galeeva AI, Ziganshin MA, Galyametdinov YG. Pluronic P123/DMSO Lyotropic Liquid Crystal for Incorporating Bioactive Substances for Topical Application. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5127-5134. [PMID: 38736379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) have attracted considerably growing interest in drug delivery applications over the last years. The structure of LLC matrices is complementary to cell membranes and provides an efficient, controlled, and selective release of drugs. In this work, a complex of experimental methods was used to characterize binary LLCs Pluronic P123/DMSO and triple LLC systems Pluronic P123/DMSO/Ibuprofen, which are interesting as transdermal drug delivery systems. Liquid crystalline, thermal, and rheological properties of LLCs were studied. Concentration and temperature areas of the lyomesophase existence were found, and phase transition enthalpies were evaluated. Intermolecular interactions among the components were studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In vitro studies of Ibuprofen (Ibu) release from various LLCs allow differentiation of its release depending on the polymer content. Atomic force microscopy and contact angle methods were used to characterize the surface morphology of the hydrophobic membrane, which was used as a stratum corneum model, and also evaluate the adhesion work of the LLCs. A complex analysis of the results provided by these experimental methods allowed revealing correlations between the phase behavior and rheological characteristics of the LLCs and release kinetics of ibuprofen. The proposed biocompatible systems have considerable potential for a transdermal delivery of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Selivanova
- Physical and Colloid Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx St., 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aliya I Galeeva
- Physical and Colloid Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx St., 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marat A Ziganshin
- Physical Chemistry Department, A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy G Galyametdinov
- Physical and Colloid Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx St., 420015 Kazan, Russia
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Liu Y, Hong J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden In Situ-Forming Hydrogel for Preventing Corneal Stromal Opacity. Cornea 2024; 43:609-626. [PMID: 38289027 PMCID: PMC10980177 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to construct a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden in situ-forming hydrogel and study its effects on preventing corneal stromal opacity. METHODS The native gellan gum was modified by high temperature and pressure, and the rabbit bone marrow MSCs were encapsulated before adding Ca 2+ to initiate cross-linking. The effects of the hydrogel on 3D culture and gene expression of the rabbit bone marrow MSCs were observed in vitro. Then, the MSC-hydrogel was used to repair corneal stromal injury in New Zealand white rabbits within 28 days postoperation. RESULTS The short-chain gellan gum solution has a very low viscosity (<0.1 Pa·s) that is ideal for encapsulating cells. Moreover, mRNA expressions of 3D-cultured MSCs coding for corneal stromal components (decorin, lumican, and keratocan) were upregulated (by 127.8, 165.5, and 25.4 times, respectively) ( P < 0.05) on day 21 in vitro and were verified by Western blotting results. For the in vivo study, the corneal densitometry of the experimental group was (20.73 ± 1.85) grayscale units which was lower than the other groups ( P < 0.05). The MSC-hydrogel downregulated mRNA expression coding for fibrosis markers (α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, collagen type 5-α1, and collagen type 1-α1) in the rabbit corneal stroma. Furthermore, some of the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)-labeled MSCs integrated into the upper corneal stroma and expressed keratocyte-specific antigens on day 28 postoperation. CONCLUSIONS The short-chain gellan gum allows MSCs to slowly release to the corneal stromal defect and prevent corneal stromal opacity. Some of the implanted MSCs can integrate into the corneal stroma and differentiate into keratocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing, China
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7
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Chen W, Li S, Albahi A, Ye S, Li J, Li B. The effect of konjac glucomannan on enzyme kinetics and fluorescence spectrometry of digestive enzymes: An in vitro research from the perspective of macromolecule crowding. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114247. [PMID: 38609226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) can significantly prolong gastrointestinal digestion. However, it is still worth investigating whether the macromolecular crowding (MMC) induced by KGM is correlated with digestion. In this paper, the MMC effect was quantified by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and microrheology, and the digests of starch, protein, and oil were determined. The digestive enzymes were analyzed by enzyme reaction kinetic and fluorescence quenching. The results showed that higher molecular weight (604.85 ∼ 1002.21 kDa) KGM created a larger MMC (>0.8), and influenced the digestion of macronutrients; the digests of starch, protein, and oil all decreased significantly. MMC induced by KGM decreased the Michaelis-Menten constants (Km and Vmax) of pancreatic α-amylase (PPA), pepsin (PEP), and pancreatic lipase (PPL). The larger MMC (>0.8) induced by KGM resulted in the decrease of fluorescence quenching constants (Ksv) in PPA and PPL, and the increase of Ksv in PEP. Therefore, varying degrees of MMC induced by KGM could play a role in regulating digestion and the inhibitory effect on digestion was more significant in a relatively more crowded environment induced by KGM. This study provides theoretical support for the strategies of nutrient digestion regulation from the perspective of MMC caused by dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Amgad Albahi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuxin Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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8
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Mancuso A, Tarsitano M, Cavaliere R, Fresta M, Cristiano MC, Paolino D. Gelled Liquid Crystal Nanocarriers for Improved Antioxidant Activity of Resveratrol. Gels 2023; 9:872. [PMID: 37998962 PMCID: PMC10671023 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As many natural origin antioxidants, resveratrol is characterized by non-suitable physicochemical properties for its topical application. To allow its benefits to manifest on human skin, resveratrol has been entrapped within liquid crystal nanocarriers (LCNs) made up of glyceryl monooleate, a penetration enhancer, and DSPE-PEG 750. The nanosystems have been more deeply characterized by using dynamic light scattering and Turbiscan Lab® Expert optical analyzer, and they have been tested in vitro on NCTC 2544. The improved antioxidant activity of entrapped resveratrol was evaluated on keratinocyte cells as a function of its concentration. Finally, to really propose the resveratrol-loaded LCNs for topical use, the systems were gelled by using two different gelling agents, poloxamer P407 and carboxymethyl cellulose, to improve the contact time between skin and formulation. The rheological features of obtained gels were evaluated using two important methods (microrheology at rest and dynamic rheology), before testing their safety profile on human healthy volunteers. The obtained results showed the ability of LCNs to improve antioxidant activity of RSV and the gelled LCNs showed good rheological profiles. In conclusion, the results confirmed the potentiality of gelled resveratrol-loaded nanosystems for skin disease, mainly related to their antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”—Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Martine Tarsitano
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”—Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Rosy Cavaliere
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”—Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”—Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”—Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”—Building of BioSciences, Viale S. Venuta, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.C.)
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9
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A'yun Q, Coghe K, Rebry F, Hidayat C, Van der Meeren P. Probing the improved heat stabilizing capacity of dry heat conjugated whey protein in oil-in-water emulsions: A microrheological study. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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10
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Zhao Q, Liu J, Liu S, Han J, Chen Y, Shen J, Zhu K, Ma X. Multipronged Micelles-Hydrogel for Targeted and Prolonged Drug Delivery in Chronic Wound Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46224-46238. [PMID: 36201628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds are a growing threat globally. Many aspects contribute to its deterioration, including bacterial infection, unbalanced microenvironment, dysfunction of cell repair, etc. In this work, we designed a multipronged micelles-hydrogel platform loaded with curcumin and rifampicin (CRMs-hydrogel) for bacteria-infected chronic wound treatment. The curcumin- and rifampicin-loaded micelles (CRMs) exhibited both MMP9-responsive and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting abilities. On the one hand, drugs could be released from micelles due to responsive disassembly by MMP9, a matrix metalloproteinase overexpressed in a chronic wound environment; on the other hand, CRMs showed specific targeting to EGFR on epithelial cells and fibroblasts and therefore increased intracellular drug delivery. The thermosensitive CRMs-hydrogel could form strong adhesion with the wound area and served as a suitable matrix for sustained release of CRMs directly at the wound bed, with excellent intracellular and extracellular bacterial elimination efficiency and wound healing promotion capability. We found that a single dose of CRMs-hydrogel achieved 99% antibacterial rate at the MRSA-infected diabetic wound, which effectively reduced inflammatory response and promoted the neovascularization and re-epithelialization process, with nearly half reduction of the skin barrier regeneration period. Collectively, our thermosensitive, MMP9-responsive, and targeted micelles-hydrogel nanoplatform is promising for chronic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Translational Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing102218, China
| | - Suhan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Junhua Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yingxian Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
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11
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Hilal A, Florowska A, Florowski T, Wroniak M. A Comparative Evaluation of the Structural and Biomechanical Properties of Food-Grade Biopolymers as Potential Hydrogel Building Blocks. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2106. [PMID: 36140206 PMCID: PMC9495968 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the structural and biomechanical properties of eight selected food-grade biopolymers (pea protein, wheat protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, inulin, maltodextrin, psyllium, and tara gum) as potential hydrogel building blocks. The prepared samples were investigated in terms of the volumetric gelling index, microrheological parameters, physical stability, and color parameters. Pea protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, and psyllium samples had high VGI values (100%), low solid−liquid balance (SLB < 0.5), and high macroscopic viscosity index (MVI) values (53.50, 59.98, 81.58, and 45.62 nm−2, respectively) in comparison with the samples prepared using wheat protein, maltodextrin, and tara gum (SLB > 0.5, MVI: 13.58, 0.04, and 0.25 nm−2, respectively). Inulin had the highest elasticity index value (31.05 nm−2) and MVI value (590.17 nm−2). The instability index was the lowest in the case of pea protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, and inulin (below 0.02). The color parameters and whiteness index (WI) of each biopolymer differed significantly from one another. Based on the obtained results, pea protein, gellan gum, konjac gum, and psyllium hydrogels had similar structural and biomechanical properties, while inulin hydrogel had the most diverse properties. Wheat protein, maltodextrin, and tara gum did not form a gel structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Hilal
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Larsen EA, Lack AC, Wassack E. Case report: Use of penicillin G potassium in poloxamer 407 gel to aid in healing of an equine sublingual abscess. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:783753. [PMID: 35968007 PMCID: PMC9372548 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.783753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of poloxamer 407 gels have been reported in several studies to prolong the release of drugs at the injection site. Oral lesions unrelated to dental disease are rare but may result in ulceration and sequestration of bone. To date, there have been no reports on the use of penicillin G potassium poloxamer 407 gel and its effect on wound healing. The present case report describes the use of a penicillin G potassium poloxamer 407 gel for the treatment of a sublingual abscess involving the mandible in a 20 year old Arabian mare who initially presented with acute onset of dysphagia, hypersalivation, and a mass under the tongue. A presumptive diagnosis of lingual cellulitis was made, and a sublingual abscess ruptured on day 7 of hospitalization. In this case, poloxamer 407 gel was used to decrease wound contamination, protect the exposed mandible, and potentially prolong the release of penicillin G potassium into the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Larsen
- Oklahoma State University Veterinary Medical Hospital, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth A. Larsen
| | - Amy C. Lack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, United States
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Erica Wassack
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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13
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Analysis of Stability, Rheological and Structural Properties of Oleogels Obtained from Peanut Oil Structured with Yellow Beeswax. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070448. [PMID: 35877533 PMCID: PMC9318143 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and microscopic properties of oleogels with yellow beeswax using different methods, especially modern optical techniques. Microrheological properties, physical stability and morphology of oleogel crystals obtained by structuring of peanut oil with yellow beeswax was analyzed. It was observed that oleogels, even with the smallest concentration of beeswax (2%), were resistant to centrifugal force. Increase in yellow beeswax concentration (from 2, 4, 6 to 8 %) resulted in significant differences in the characteristics of oleogels: increased elasticity (EI), macroscopic viscosity (MVI) and the firmness values of oleogels. It was concluded that non-invasive optical techniques (multi-speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy—Rheolaser Master) are useful in obtaining a quick evaluation of physical properties of oleogels at the microstructural level, and the received information allows for quality assessment.
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Mancuso A, Tarsitano M, Udongo BP, Cristiano MC, Torella D, Paolino D, Fresta M. A comparison between silicone free and silicone-based emulsions: technological features and in vivo evaluation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:514-529. [PMID: 35815903 PMCID: PMC9545630 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Nowadays, the use of silicones in cosmetic formulation is still controversial, given that “natural” or “biodegradable” components are preferred. Often, the exclusion and/or the discrimination of these excipients from cosmetic field are unmotivated because all things cannot be painted with the same brush. Hence, we want to bring to light and underline the advantages of including silicones in cosmetic emulsions, refuting and debunking some myths related to their use. Methods Silicone‐free and silicone‐based emulsions were obtained within an easy homogenization process. Droplet size distribution was assessed by laser diffraction particle size analyser Mastersizer 2000™, and by optical microscopy. The long‐time stability profiles were investigated thanks to the optical analyser Turbiscan® Lab Expert. Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) by Rheolaser Master™ and frequency sweep measurements by Kinexus® Pro Rotational Rheometer were carried out to assess a full rheological characterization. In vivo studies were carried out by the evaluation of Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) over time on healthy human volunteers. A skin feeling rating was collected from the same volunteers by questionnaire. Results From size distribution analysis, a better coherence of data appeared for silicone‐based emulsion, as the size of the droplets was kept unchanged after 1 month, as well as the uniformity parameter. Morphological investigation confirmed a homogenous droplet distribution for both samples. Silicones enhanced the viscosity, compactness and strength of the cream, providing a suitable stability profile both at room temperature and when heated at 40°C. The solid‐like viscoelastic behaviour was assessed in the presence of dynamic oscillatory stresses. The monitoring of TEWL over time demonstrated non‐occlusive properties of emulsions containing silicones, the values of which were comparable to the negative control. Silicone‐based emulsions gained higher scores from the volunteers in silkiness, freshness and softness features, while lower scores were obtained in greasiness compared to silicone‐free emulsions. No cases of irritation were recorded by the candidates. Conclusion The presence of specific silicones inside a cosmetic product improved its technological characteristics. The rheological identity and the stability feature showed the real suitability of prepared emulsion as a cosmetic product. Moreover, this study demonstrated that silicone‐based emulsions are safe for the skin and did not cause skin occlusion. Improved skin sensations are registered by potential consumers when silicones are included in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Tarsitano
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Betty P Udongo
- Pincer Training and Research Institute Plot 1127, Lukuli, Zone 5, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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15
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Borghi-Pangoni FB, Bassi da Silva J, Dos Santos RS, Trevisan AP, Hott FCDC, Gonçalves MC, Kobayashi RK, de Souza MVF, Consolaro MEL, Castro-Hoshino LVD, Baesso ML, Bruschi ML. Thermosensitive gel based on cellulose derivative for topical delivery of propolis in acne treatment. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:490-501. [PMID: 35587564 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2080221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermosensitive bioadhesive formulations can display increased retention time, skin permeation, and improve the topical therapy of many drugs. Acne is an inflammatory process triggered by several factors like the proliferation of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Aiming a new alternative treatment with a natural source, propolis displays great potential due to its antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and healing properties. This study describes the development of bioadhesive thermoresponsive platform with cellulose derivatives and poloxamer 407 for propolis skin delivery. Propolis ethanolic extract (PES) was added to the formulations with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poloxamer 407 (Polox). The formulations were characterized as rheology, bioadhesion and mechanical analysis. The selected formulations were investigated as in vitro propolis release, cytotoxicity, ex vivo skin permeation by Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, and the activity against P. acnes. Formulations showed suitable sol-gel transition temperature, shear-thinning behavior and texture profile. CMC presence decreased cohesiveness and adhesiveness of formulations. Polox/HPMC/PES system displayed less cytotoxicity, modified propolis release governed by anomalous transport, skin permeation and activity against P. acnes. These results indicate important advantages in the topical treatment of acne and suggest a potential formulation for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Belincanta Borghi-Pangoni
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bassi da Silva
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Said Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trevisan
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Francyelle Carolyne de Castro Hott
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcelly Chue Gonçalves
- Laboratory of basic and applied bacteriology NIP3, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Renata KatsukoTakayama Kobayashi
- Laboratory of basic and applied bacteriology NIP3, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, 86057-970, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Felipe de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, building B09, Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, building B09, Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Luciano Baesso
- Postgraduate Program in Physics, Department of Physics, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, 87020-900, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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16
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Liu ZH, Wang WM, Zhang Z, Sun L, Wu SC. Natural Antibacterial and Antivirulence Alkaloids From Macleaya cordata Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813172. [PMID: 35370694 PMCID: PMC8968424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), underly the urgent need to develop novel antibacterial drugs. Macleaya cordata, a traditional medicinal plant, has been widely used in livestock animals, plants, and humans. Alkaloids are the primary bioactive compounds of Macleaya cordata and exhibit antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Nevertheless, the antibacterial compounds and mode of action of Macleaya cordata remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial activity and mode of action of alkaloids from Macleaya cordata. Sanguinarine, 6-ethoxysanguinarine (6-ES), 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine (6-MS), chelerythrine (CH), and dihydrochelerythrine (DICH) exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA. 6-ES rapidly killed MRSA, possibly by interfering with membrane and metabolic functions including ROS production by targeting the membrane and FtsZ in S. aureus. Additionally, 6-ES directly suppressed the hemolytic activity of α-hemolysin, alleviated inflammatory responses, and eliminated intracellular MRSA, as well as displayed low development of drug resistance, in vitro. Finally, a 6-ES-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel promoted wound healing in mice infected with MRSA. These results supported 6-ES as a novel potential candidate or leading compound with antibacterial, antivirulence, and host immunomodulatory activities in fighting against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Mei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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d'Avanzo N, Cristiano MC, Di Marzio L, Bruno MC, Paolino D, Celia C, Fresta M. Multidrug Idebenone/Naproxen co-loaded Aspasomes for a Significant In VivoAnti-Inflammatory Activity. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200067. [PMID: 35194952 PMCID: PMC9310947 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of proper nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal delivery of anti‐inflammatory drugs recently gained several attentions in the scientific community because they pass intact and accumulate payloads in the deepest layers of skin tissue. Ascorbyl palmitate‐based vesicles (aspasomes) can be considered a promising nanocarrier for dermal and transdermal delivery due to their skin whitening properties and suitable delivery of payloads through the skin. The aim of this study was the synthesis of multidrug Idebenone/naproxen co‐loaded aspasomes for the development of an effective anti‐inflammatory nanomedicine. Aspasomes had suitable physicochemical properties and were safe in vivo if topically applied on human healthy volunteers. Idebenone/naproxen co‐loaded aspasomes demonstrated an increased therapeutic efficacy of payloads compared to the commercially available Naprosyn® gel, with a rapid decrease of chemical‐induced erythema on human volunteers. These promising results strongly suggested a potential application of Idebenone/naproxen multidrug aspasomes for the development of an effective skin anti‐inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola d'Avanzo
- Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara Department of Pharmacy: Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pharmacy, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, ITALY
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine: Universita degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Viale "S. Venuta" s.n.c., 88100, Catanzaro, ITALY
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara Department of Pharmacy: Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pharmacy, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, ITALY
| | - Maria Chiara Bruno
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Health Sciences Department: Universita degli studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Health Sciences, Viale "S. Venuta" s.n.c., 88100, Catanzaro, ITALY
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine: Universita degli Studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Viale "S. Venuta" s.n.c., 88100, Catanzaro, ITALY
| | - Christian Celia
- Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara Department of Pharmacy: Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti Pescara Dipartimento di Farmacia, Pharmacy, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, ITALY
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Health Sciences Department: Universita degli studi Magna Graecia di Catanzaro Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Health Sciences, Viale "S. Venuta" s.n.c., 88100, Catanzaro, ITALY
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Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: A Biocompatible and Safe Material for Local Cardiac Application. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020452. [PMID: 35214184 PMCID: PMC8879243 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of cardiac tissue is a multidisciplinary research field aiming to improve the health condition of the post-heart attack patient. Indeed, myocardial tissue has a poor ability to self-regenerate after severe damage. The scientific efforts focused on the research of a biomaterial able to adapt to heart tissue, thus guaranteeing the in situ release of active substances or growth promoters. Many types of hydrogels were proposed for this purpose, showing several limitations. The aim of this study was to suggest a new usage for glyceryl monooleate-based lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) as a biocompatible and inert material for a myocardial application. The main advantages of LLCs are mainly related to their easy in situ injection as lamellar phase and their instant in situ transition in the cubic phase. In vivo studies proved the biocompatibility and the inertia of LLCs after their application on the myocardial tissue of mice. In detail, the cardiac activity was monitored through 28 days, and no significant alterations were recorded in the heart anatomy and functionality. Moreover, gross anatomy showed the ability of LLCs to be bio-degraded in a suitable time frame. Overall, these results permitted us to suppose a potential use of LLCs as materials for cardiac drug delivery.
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Alshehri S, Imam SS. Formulation and evaluation of butenafine loaded PLGA-nanoparticulate laden chitosan nano gel. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2348-2360. [PMID: 34747275 PMCID: PMC8583856 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1995078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research work is designed to prepare and optimize butenafine (BT) loaded poly lactic co glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (BT-NPs). BT-NPs were prepared by emulsification probe sonication method using PLGA (A), PVA (B) as polymer and stabilizer, respectively. The optimum composition of BT-NPs was selected based on the point prediction method given by the Box Behnken design software. The optimized composition of BT-NPop showed a particle size of 267.21 ± 3.54 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 72.43 ± 3.11%. The optimum composition of BT-NPop was further converted into gel formulation using chitosan as a natural polymer. The prepared topical gel formulation (BT-NPopG) was further evaluated for gel characterization, drug release, permeation study, irritation, and antifungal studies. The prepared BT-NPopG formulation showed optimum pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drug content. The release and permeation study results revealed slow BT release (42.76 ± 2.87%) with significantly enhanced permeation across the egg membrane. The irritation study data showed negligible irritation with a cumulative score of 0.33. The antifungal study results conclude higher activity than marketed as well as pure BT. The overall conclusion of the results revealed BT-NPopG as an ideal delivery system to treat topical fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Chen Y, Lee JH, Meng M, Cui N, Dai CY, Jia Q, Lee ES, Jiang HB. An Overview on Thermosensitive Oral Gel Based on Poloxamer 407. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164522. [PMID: 34443046 PMCID: PMC8399853 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the application of thermosensitive hydrogels composed of poloxamer in medicine, especially for oral cavities. Thermosensitive hydrogels remain fluid at room temperature; at body temperature, they become more viscous gels. In this manner, the gelling system can remain localized for considerable durations and control and prolong drug release. The chemical structure of the poloxamer triblock copolymer leads to an amphiphilic aqueous solution and an active surface. Moreover, the poloxamer can gel by forming micelles in an aqueous solution, depending on its critical micelle concentration and critical micelle temperature. Owing to its controlled-release effect, a thermosensitive gel based on poloxamer 407 (P407) is used to deliver drugs with different characteristics. As demonstrated in studies on poloxamer formulations, an increase in gelling viscosity decreases the drug release rate and gel dissolution time to the extent that it prolongs the drug’s duration of action in disease treatment. This property is used for drug delivery and different therapeutic applications. Its unique route of administration, for many oral diseases, is advantageous over traditional routes of administration, such as direct application and systemic treatment. In conclusion, thermosensitive gels based on poloxamers are suitable and have great potential for oral disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China; (Y.C.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (C.-Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Mingyue Meng
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China; (Y.C.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (C.-Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Naiyu Cui
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China; (Y.C.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (C.-Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Chun-Yu Dai
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China; (Y.C.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (C.-Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qi Jia
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China; (Y.C.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (C.-Y.D.); (Q.J.)
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.-S.L.); (H.-B.J.)
| | - Heng-Bo Jiang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China; (Y.C.); (M.M.); (N.C.); (C.-Y.D.); (Q.J.)
- Correspondence: (E.-S.L.); (H.-B.J.)
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EtoGel for Intra-Articular Drug Delivery: A New Challenge for Joint Diseases Treatment. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020034. [PMID: 34065713 PMCID: PMC8162362 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethosomes® have been proposed as potential intra-articular drug delivery devices, in order to obtain a longer residence time of the delivered drug in the knee joint. To this aim, the conventional composition and preparation method were modified. Ethosomes® were prepared by using a low ethanol concentration and carrying out a vesicle extrusion during the preparation. The modified composition did not affect the deformability of ethosomes®, a typical feature of this colloidal vesicular topical carrier. The maintenance of sufficient deformability bodes well for an effective ethosome® application in the treatment of joint pathologies because they should be able to go beyond the pores of the dense collagen II network. The investigated ethosomes® were inserted in a three-dimensional network of thermo-sensitive poloxamer gel (EtoGel) to improve the residence time in the joint. Rheological experiments evidenced that EtoGel could allow an easy intra-articular injection at room temperature and hence transform itself in gel form at body temperature into the joint. Furthermore, EtoGel seemed to be able to support the knee joint during walking and running. In vitro studies demonstrated that the amount of used ethanol did not affect the viability of human chondrocytes and nanocarriers were also able to suitably interact with cells.
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Cristiano MC, Mancuso A, Fresta M, Torella D, De Gaetano F, Ventura CA, Paolino D. Topical Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles Improve Antioxidant Activity of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:548. [PMID: 33919824 PMCID: PMC8070842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic and oleic acids are natural unsaturated fatty acids involved in several biological processes and recently studied as structural components of innovative nanovesicles. The use of natural components in the pharmaceutical field is receiving growing attention from the scientific world. The aim of this research work is to design, to perform physico-chemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo studies of unsaturated fatty acids vesicles containing ammonium glycyrrhizinate, obtaining a new topical drug delivery system. The chosen active substance is well known as an anti-inflammatory compound, but its antioxidant activity is also noteworthy. In this way, the obtained nanocarriers are totally natural vesicles and they have shown to have suitable physico-chemical features for topical administration. Moreover, the proposed nanocarriers have proven their ability to improve the in vitro percutaneous permeation and antioxidant activity of ammonium glycyrrhizinate on human keratinocytes (NCTC 2544 cells). In vivo studies, carried out on human volunteers, have demonstrated the biocompatibility of unsaturated fatty acid vesicles toward skin tissue, indicating a possible clinical application of unsaturated fatty acid vesicles for the treatment of topical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Federica De Gaetano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.D.G.); (C.A.V.)
| | - Cinzia Anna Ventura
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.D.G.); (C.A.V.)
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.C.); (D.T.)
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Paolino D, Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Froiio F, Lammari N, Celia C, Fresta M. Nanonutraceuticals: The New Frontier of Supplementary Food. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:792. [PMID: 33808823 PMCID: PMC8003744 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the combination between nanotechnology and nutraceutics has gained the attention of several research groups. Nutraceuticals are considered as active compounds, abundant in natural products, showing beneficial effects on human health. Unfortunately, the uses, and consequently the health benefits, of many nutraceutical products are limited by their unsuitable chemico-physical features. For example, many nutraceuticals are characterized by low water solubility, low stability and high susceptibility to light and oxygen, poor absorption and potential chemical modifications after their administration. Based on the potential efficacy of nutraceuticals and on their limiting features, nanotechnology could be considered a revolutionary innovation in empowering the beneficial properties of nutraceuticals on human health, thus enhancing their efficacy in several diseases. For this reason, nanotechnology could represent a new frontier in supplementary food. In this review, the most recent nanotechnological approaches are discussed, focusing on their ability to improve the bioavailability of the most common nutraceuticals, providing an overview regarding both the advantages and the possible limitations of the use of several nanodelivery systems. In fact, although the efficacy of smart nanocarriers in improving health benefits deriving from nutraceuticals has been widely demonstrated, the conflicting opinions on the mechanism of action of some nanosystems still reduce their applicability in the therapeutic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Froiio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Narimane Lammari
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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d’Avanzo N, Bruno MC, Giudice A, Mancuso A, Gaetano FD, Cristiano MC, Paolino D, Fresta M. Influence of Materials Properties on Bio-Physical Features and Effectiveness of 3D-Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration. Molecules 2021; 26:1643. [PMID: 33804244 PMCID: PMC7999474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are multifactorial disorders, mainly due to severe infections and inflammation which affect the tissues (i.e., gum and dental bone) that support and surround the teeth. These pathologies are characterized by bleeding gums, pain, bad breath and, in more severe forms, can lead to the detachment of gum from teeth, causing their loss. To date it is estimated that severe periodontal diseases affect around 10% of the population worldwide thus making necessary the development of effective treatments able to both reduce the infections and inflammation in injured sites and improve the regeneration of damaged tissues. In this scenario, the use of 3D scaffolds can play a pivotal role by providing an effective platform for drugs, nanosystems, growth factors, stem cells, etc., improving the effectiveness of therapies and reducing their systemic side effects. The aim of this review is to describe the recent progress in periodontal regeneration, highlighting the influence of materials' properties used to realize three-dimensional (3D)-scaffolds, their bio-physical characteristics and their ability to provide a biocompatible platform able to embed nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola d’Avanzo
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti−Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Bruno
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica De Gaetano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario—Germaneto, Viale Europa, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.d.); (M.C.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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25
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Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Pandolfo R, Greco M, Fresta M, Paolino D. Improvement of Ferulic Acid Antioxidant Activity by Multiple Emulsions: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020425. [PMID: 33567523 PMCID: PMC7916033 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a derivative of cinnamic acid showing efficacious anti-oxidant activity. It catalyzes the stable phenoxy radical formation, upon absorption of ultraviolet light, giving the strength to ferulic acid for terminating free radical chain reactions. Ultraviolet rays are one of the most dangerous factors that daily assault the skin, causing excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are regarded to be important contributors to a variety of cutaneous alterations. The skin possesses endogenous antioxidant defense systems, but the excess of ROS leads to an oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. Although ferulic acid is daily introduced in human organism with the diet, its bioavailability after oral administration is poor, particularly in the skin. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate three types of emulsions (W/O/W multiple emulsions and two simple emulsions) as suitable formulations for topical application of the active compound. In vitro studies were performed to investigate the stability and release profiles of these systems. Multiple emulsions showed great stability and the best ability to carry and release ferulic acid. In vivo evaluations highlighted their best capability to treat UV-B-induced erythema. These findings suggested multiple emulsions as an innovative and more efficient vehicle for topical application of ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Rosanthony Pandolfo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Manfredi Greco
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.M.); (R.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3694211
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26
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Vegetable-Milk-Based Yogurt-Like Structure: Rheological Properties Influenced by Gluten-Free Carob Seed Flour. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a constant increase in the attention being paid to food quality and the effects of food on human health among consumers. Vegetable milk is among the foods whose consumption worldwide has increased because, when compared to animal-derived milk, it offers numerous benefits for human health. The aim of this research work was to use vegetable milk to obtain yogurt-like products enriched with different concentrations of carob seed flour, which has a double function: to modify, and thus perfect, the rheological characteristics of vegetable-milk-based yogurt-like samples and to increase their nutritional value. The rheological parameters of the obtained samples were studied both in static and dynamic conditions, confirming that carob seed flour, especially at the highest used concentrations (0.75%; 1%), allows one to obtain products characterized by a good stability and suitable rheological characteristics. The obtained yogurt-like products may also be consumed by celiac subjects, since carob seed flour is a gluten-free flour, and allow celiac consumers to combine a gluten-free diet with a diet free of animal derivatives. Furthermore, the addition of carob flour allows one to obtain a tasty product thanks to the sweet taste of the carob seed flour.
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